Information zu Nutzungsrechten Bitte beachten Sie, dass die Urheberrechte bei der Astronomie-Werkstatt „Sterne ohne Grenzen“ – Harald Bardenhagen - verbleiben. Das jeweils überlassene Exemplar der Präsentation ist an die Teilnehmerperson gebunden und ohne schriftliche Zustimmung darf nicht vervielfältigt oder veröffentlicht werden. Diese Präsentation dient der Teilnehmerperson zur eigenen Dokumentation der besuchten Veranstaltung. Darüber hinausgehende Nutzungsrechte bestehen nicht. Sofern Nutzungsrechte Dritter verletzt wurden, bitte ich um Nachricht.

Harald Bardenhagen [email protected]

Information on usage rights Please note that the copyright remains with the Astronomie-Werkstatt "Sterne ohne Grenzen" - Harald Bardenhagen. The respective copy of the presentation is bound to the participant and can not be reproduced or published without written consent. This presentation serves the participant to the own documentation of the event attended. There are no further usage rights. If third party rights have been infringed, I ask for notification. Harald Bardenhagen [email protected]

Compact Master Class

We are losing the night at the speed of light! The value of the night and the darkness Light pollution abatement and sustainable tourism

Harald Bardenhagen [email protected] www.sterne-ohne-grenzen.de DNK What you will learn about:

• Unwanted side effects of artificial light at night • Values of the Night • Sternenpark National Park and Sternenregion Eifel • International Dark Sky Association • Light Pollution Abatement • What does all this mean for touristic destinations?

Artificial Light at Night

Slovenia and some regions in Italy: max. 1 cd/m2 , 0,2 cd/m2 is enough in most cases

Light Pollution - a serious threat -

energy waste

CO emission 2 We could avoid more than 90% of light pollution! public budget load bis 2034: Keinerlei Eingriffe auf mindestens 75 Prozent der Nationalparkfläche

© Vogelsang IP, Roman Hövel

Bis spätestens Februar 2017: „dark-sky-konforme“ Beleuchtung in Erkensruhr, Wolfgarten und vogelsang ip sowie kontinuierliche Messungen der Nachthimmel-Helligkeit an 12 Orten Die Randzone umfasst in der ersten Phase insgesamt 18 Gemeinden in Deutschland aus • StädteRegion Aachen • Monschau • Roetgen • Simmerath (die Stadt Aachen und Stolberg sind für eine später folgende Phase vorgesehen) • Kreis Düren • Heimbach • Hürtgenwald • Kreuzau • Nideggen • Vettweis (die Stadt Düren ist für eine später folgende Phase vorgesehen) • Kreis • Bad Münstereifel • Blankenheim • Dahlem • Euskirchen • Hellenthal • Kall • Mechernich • Nettersheim • • Zülpich (Weilerswist ist für eine später folgende Phase vorgesehen) sowie in einer späteren Phase sieben Gemeinden in Belgien aus • Der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft • Eupen, Raeren, Bütgenbach, Amel, Büllingen • Der Französischen Gemeinschaft • Malmedy, Weimes Quelle: Bardenhagen / Google Earth 1988 Tuscon (Arizona) Worldwide Organisation www.darksky.org

Dark Sky Places Program

• International Dark Sky Communities • International Dark Sky Parks • International Dark Sky Reserves • International Dark Sky Sanctuaries • Dark Sky Developments of Distinction Februar 2014

Februar 2014

August 2014 Certified IDA International Dark Sky Parks (44)

Ballycroy National Park and Wild Nephin Wilderness (Ireland) Big Bend National Park (U.S.) Big Cypress National Preserve (U.S.) Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (U.S.) Blue Ridge Observatory and Star Park (U.S.) Canyonlands National Park (U.S.) Geauga Observatory Park (U.S.) Capitol Reef National Park (U.S.) Goblin Valley State Park (U.S.) Capulin Volcano National Monument (U.S.) Grand Canyon National Park (U.S.) Cedar Breaks National Monument (U.S.) Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (U.S.) Chaco Culture National Historical Park (U.S.) Great Basin National Park (U.S.) Cherry Springs State Park (U.S.) Headlands (U.S.) Clayton Lake State Park (U.S.) Hortobágy National Park (Hungary) Copper Breaks State Park (U.S.) Hovenweep National Monument (U.S.) De Boschplaat (Netherlands) Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park (U.S.) Dead Horse Point State Park (U.S.) Lauwersmeer National Park (Netherlands) Death Valley National Park (U.S.) Natural Bridges National Monument (U.S.) () Northumberland National Park and Kielder Water & Forest Park (England) Elan Valley Estate (Wales) Oracle State Park (U.S.) Enchanted Rock State Natural Area (U.S.) Pickett CCC Memorial State Park & Pogue Creek Canyon State Natural Area Flagstaff Area National Monuments (U.S.) Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument (U.S.) Galloway Forest Park (Scotland) South Llano River State Park (U.S.) Staunton River State Park (U.S.) Stephen C. Foster State Park (U.S.) UBarU Camp and Retreat Center (U.S.) Warrumbungle National Park (Australia) Weber County North Fork Park (U.S.) Yeongyang Firefly Eco Park (South Korea) Zselic National Landscape Protection Area (Hungary) Certified IDA International Dark Sky Reserves (11)

Aoraki Mackenzie (New Zealand) Brecon Beacons National Park (Wales) Exmoor National Park (England) Kerry (Ireland) Mont-Mégantic (Québec) Moore's Reserve (South Downs, England) NamibRand Nature Reserve (Namibia) Pic du Midi (France) Rhön (Germany) Snowdonia National Park (Wales) Westhavelland (Germany) My Goal

Preserve Dark Sky Make Night Sky Public

Preserve nature@night Eine Nacht unter dem Sternenhimmel

Target Audiences

The Public At Large

Decision Makers Institutions Involved Additional Supporters

Landesfachausschuss Fledermausschutz The Challange Set Value Get Publicity Show Solutions Evidence for Value Convince Decision Makers Foto: Alessandro Zangrilli Melatonin – the hormone to start the biological “night program”

Blue light prevents melatonin production “AMA encourages communities to minimize and control blue-rich environmental lighting by using the lowest emission of blue light possible to reduce glare.”

amber: yellow-orange white “jail light” Remedy against cancer The Value of Darkness at Night

• Human health

• Biodiversity Bildautor Foto: G. Becker (NABU Schorndorf und Umgebung) www.nabu-schorndorf.de/Foto-Braunes-Langohr.htm Nocturnal Species

Nocturnal Species (%)

Vertebrates 28,0 % Mammals 63,8 % Birds 19,6 % Reptiles 16,6 % Amphibians 93,3 % Fishes 14,1 %

Invertebrates 64,4 % Insects 49,4 % Butterflies 77,8 % Beetles 60,0 % Crustaceans 50,0 % Arachnids 5,0 %

Credits: Fotalia, depositphoto

„Towerkill“

„What if we wake up one morning to realize that all conservation planning of the last 30 years told only half of the story – the daytime story?“

C. Rich and T. Longcore (2006): Ecological Consequences of Artificial Light Lighting The Value of Darkness at Night

• Human health

• Biodiversity

• Nature Experience Weißt Du, wieviel Sternlein stehen?

Foto: Paranal, ESO/B. Tafreshi Skulptur: Sternscheibe von Nebra Lied: Wilhelm Hey, 1837 Gemälde: Vincent Van Gogh - Sternennacht über der Rhône, 1888

Many Europeans have never seen the Milky Way with their proper eyes. Light At Night Natural Illuminance Levels without light pollution

0.0001 lx overcast sky at night 0.001 lx starry sky (moonless) 0.02 lx quarter moon 0.25 lx full moon

20 lx typical road illumination 120,000 lx sunny day

Existing Luminaires Today (most HPS)

Falchi et.al., 2016, The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness ReplacementWeiße LEDs with w(ohnehite SteigerungLED- derluminaires Beleuchtungsstärke)

Falchi et.al., 2016, The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness Human Circadian Sensitivity Human Circadian Sensitivity

Human Circadian Sensitivity 4100 K LED Human Circadian Sensitivity

Human Circadian Sensitivity 3000 K LED

Activity Spectroscopy Is this the solution? Der  natürliche Nachthimmel in vogelsang ip (Schelde Süd) The light of the sun makes the daytime sky blue

Everywhere blue sky!

Dt

The blue light components of sunlight are particularly strongly scattered in the atmosphere. The light of the lamps makes the night sky grey

Dt up to 200 km Lamp Observer . no direct upward light   

globe light floor light full-cutoff no light above the horizontal line   use flat glass instead of curved glass   light only where it is really necessary  

tD   needless excellent directional light only when needed   

  always on motion detector time switch as little light as necessary  

Dimmer too much light adequate light intensity avoid glare    use lamp with little or no blue light portion   

> 3000 Kelvin  3000 Kelvin no blue portion White LED pc-amber LED optimize architectural lighting   waive architectural lighting   floodlighting only from top to bottom  

Belastungsarme Beleuchtung vermeidet Lichtverschmutzung

sideview front view sideview optimize illuminated advertising  

Belastungsarme Beleuchtung Belastungsarme Beleuchtung vermeidet Lichtverschmutzung  vermeidet Lichtverschmutzung

Dimmer

bright background glares time switch What does this mean for touristic destinations?

You will lose your unique selling point, if you do not fight against light pollution!

Recognize, that the natural, dark nightscapes and starry night skies are important components of nature that need to be protected:

Consider light pollution abatement and protection of natural nightscapes as one of your vital tasks and passion. Additional information and useful links:

www.sterne-ohne-grenzen.de

www.sternenregion-eifel.de

www.sternenpark-nationalpark-eifel.de

http://www.nationalpark-eifel.de/sternenpark

www.darksky.org

www.lichtverschmutzung.de