U

44 Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies .1 Functional Group U: User Interface esos a as b aalbe Woe o metal or Wooden available. be also may versions steel stainless and porcelain Fibreglass, available). are cement and sand that (providing concrete with locally made be can slabs squatting and Pedestals prevent unwanted insectsorrodents. from intrusion to lid a with closed be can hole The overflow). to it cause may (which pit the infiltrating stormwater from prevents and user the for safe both is it that so pit theto sized well be should base pedestal or slab The andmovedlifted onepit to from another. be can it that way a such in designed be should slab orthe overused, pedestal placed two if are pits pit; a usually is toilet dry The Design Considerations or combinationsoftechnologies (especiallypits). toilet ature, a dry may refer to a variety of technologies, literother In squats. or sits user the overwhich device In this compendium, a dry toilet refers specifically to the ces) fall through adrop hole. fae - and urine (both excreta cases, both In squats. over pan user squat the a which or sit, can user the ter. The dry toilet may be a raised pedestal on which A dry toilet is a toilet that operates without flushwa- Dry ToiletDry option 1 U1: DR Y TO I LET

slab - option 2 Outputs: Inputs: (+ should not except need repairs in the event that it cracks. toilet dry the therefore, parts; mechanical no are There gen/disease andto transmission limitodours. patho- preventto dry keptand be clean should surface standing or sitting The Operation &Maintenance Treatment technology connected to them. be a problem depending on the Collection and Storage/ may odours seal, water a have not do toilets dry Since slab may bethe acceptable most option. squatting well-kept a so and people many for position Health Aspects/Acceptance Squatting is a natural option.simplest andphysically comfortable most no need to separate urine and faeces, they are often the is there Because children). for ones smaller (e.g., users target the of needs the meet to designed specially be can they made locally, are toilets dry When difficulty. havemay who users disabled or elderly for made be to almost for everyone to use though special consideration may need easy are toilets Dry Appropriateness and efficiently. quickly units several produce to used be can moulds (

Anal Cleansing Water) ( Dry Cleansing Materials) Dry

Faeces

Excreta (+ Systems 1,2 Applicable to:

Urine Dry Cleansing Dry Materials) Anal Cleansing Water) - - - + + + + Pros &Cons traps andappropriate coverstraps used are Vectors such hard asfliesare unlessfly to control is used The excreta pileisvisible, except adeeppit where vent pipe) or pitusedto collectexcreta isequipped with a noticeable (even normally are Odours ifthe vault wipers) washers, (sitters, squatters, forSuitable alltypesofusers costs Low andoperating capital materials withCan bebuiltandrepaired locallyavailable Does not ofwater source aconstant require

_ Reed, P._ Morgan, R.(2009).EcologicalToilets. Start Simple and P._ Morgan, R.(2007). Toilets ThatMake Compost. Low-Cost, _ CAWST (2011). Introduction to Low Cost Sanitation. Latrine B.(1997)._ Brandberg, Building.AHandbookfor Latrine Imple- Reading References &Further andmaintenance)for design, construction (Comprehensive guidewith key andchecklists information Available at: wedc.lboro.ac.uk/knowledge/booklets.html University,Loughborough UK. Leicestershire, Available at: www.ecosanres.org tute, Stockholm, SE. Upgrade from to Arborloo VIP. Stockholm Environment- Insti sheeting sand,cement,plastic only andwire) (pp.39-43)using squatting slabs(pp.7-35)andpedestals (Excellent description of how to makeand rings support Available at: www.ecosanres.org holm, SE. Context.an African Stockholm Environment Institute, Stock ToiletsSanitary ThatProduce Valuable Compost for Crops in designs) slab manualfor(Very detailed different construction Available at: www.cawst.org CA. Calgary, WaterAffordable Technologies andSanitation (CAWST), Construction. ACAWST Construction for Manual.Centre footrests, etc.)the frame, spacers, how to(Describes buildasquatting slabandthe mouldsfor Publications, London,UK.pp.55-77. mentation ofthe Sanplat System. Intermediate Technology B. (2012). An Engineer’s Guide to Latrine Slabs. WEDC, -

45 Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies U

Functional Group U: User Interface .1