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A Collection of Contemporary Toilet Designs

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A Collection of Contemporary Toilet Designs Start button to commence the combustion process Toilet Urine separator chemical is added here A Collection of Toilet lid and seat Wash basin External urinal cut into the back Exterior urinal corner of the unit and when stacked as shown the adjacentContempora unit provides privacy for users. ry Toilet Faeces, paper, urine and water inlet from toilet Designs Toilets designed to work anywhere Handle for moving the waste Toilet waste outlet Faeces aperture through biodegradable film Biodegradable film lining into waste cartridge and Urinal sealing out all odours Separator Each time the toilet is used, a purpose bag Water usage display Pipe section storage rack supplied by the manufacturerRound musttoilet betop placed reduces user contactUrine surface aperture to a minimum in the toilet bowl. After use, the bagSealing and itssystem can be contents drop into withoutan ash lossbin in of the comfort and adapted to suit many toilet styles Flush button combustionimproves chamber. hygiene Urine outlet Soil is scraped into pipe to aid Wall separating toilet Air vent pipe from solids waste disposal composting: as soil level lowersIndividual personal Water tap Foot pedal operates a drive mechanism a section of pipe is removed user pads and stored on the pipe rack sliding a waste box beneath the toilet apertureEnclosed ready conveyor for use, the pedal being pressed again when the user has finishedSolids deposited within Solids squeezed down Urine and faeces the film lining Toilet lid Hand wash basin by depressing handle separated at sourceto re-tract the waste box Shared waste tank A filled soil box last The fixed toilet seat encourages users to sit down Hand shower A light breeze will turn the for about two weeks which then activates a motion sensor and 3-way Faeces and Odours Removable waste cartridgeBidét jet valve to direct the urine to a separateextractor, drain dragging air and paper outlet Faecal area Soil pipe odours out of the chimney Splash protection Waste box can be Urine and waterHandleFaeces outlet Urinal area Removable for Soil rake removed from side door Extractorpan fan cleaning for faeces removalToilet designedFoot actuator with Inlet A cleaning warning alert indicates when its functionAll waste in products mind are converted into Handle pulled down Removable top cover Toilet flush Accessbellows hatchUrine to solids Heat of the sun the ash bin should be emptied, which sanatised ash and stored in a steel Customised Optional Ultra Violet (UV) Unit composting container causes air inside Waste tank pressure is accessed via a front panel Urine ash binFaeces for easy removal and disposal solids wasteHand bin wash which is also available chimney to rise release slide valve (optional)foot pump ExteriorWaste and water interior drain walls outlet in smaller sizes and accelerate removed for clarity Third year ready for use as fertilzer Film lining Entrance to toilet and wash facilities which Deposited solids Waterless toiletDedicated consisting urine of drain share the same waste tank as the urinal 1 Flush2 water inlet 3 wood cladding on aK galvaniseden Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University Each user places individual The pads increase user comfort After use the pads are thrown Standard installation steelK enframe Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University and water supply biomaterial pads on the toilet rim and improve hygiene into the toilet to aid composting Film passed between Foot pedal drives Four rotating solid Anti-slip grid rollers to seal waste Fresh air enters via toilet bowl conveyor belt waste containers Soiled water Faeces outlet Inlet cover eliminating any odours Toilet pedestal easilyLiquids removed flush fromoutlet Squat toiletComplete flush Faeces flap Ken ChattertonInterior © WEDC toilet Loughborough University AlternativeSealed waste conveyor for cleaning or re-postioning (shown closed) To dispose of faeces a side lever is lifted which Urine outlet storedwaste in removable bag and wash facilities Faeces tank which opens opens a waste gate. This automaticallly closes for solidscartridge Toilet Urinal Waste tank locking lever Section showing first stage Section showing final stage automatically when the toiletLiquid seat wasteis lowered, drain the waste gate 10 litreUrine waste and tank faeces tanks when a user remaining closed when used as a urinal. Second year liquid waste added other sizes available sits down 3-way valve operated Water trap Liquid waste drainsSolid wasteby a bin motion sensor EOOS and WEDCAir streamsFirst over year separated solid compost waste in waste evaporation unit to underground Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University LiquidKen Chattertonwaste drain © WEDC(installed Loughborough below withUniversity ground soil coveringlevel) dehydrating solids, Faeces flap Urine entry Crossevaporating section through liquids a andPiet removingurine toilet odours drain holes (shown open) 4 Ken Chatterton5 © WEDC Loughborough University 6 Public restFaeces room flap with in closed position ToiletEvaporation flap in open unit position Soil is scraped into pipes four separate toilets to be added to faeces and Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University (privacy partions removed Building aid composting, the short Fixing points for Tank drain outlet Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University for clarity) pipe sections being removed transportation handle as the soil level lowers Urine drainage outlet Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University Soil bin Chimney Emptying the waste tank to Sliding door Ken Chatterton © WEDC LoughboroughToilet University Waste tank chemical refill an authorised disposal point Tyre texture on rim Bag ready for use Clip-on transportation handle Waterless urinals are also available Plan view showing arrangement of polyethylene evaporation installed alongside toilet and both unit and chimney to the actual building linked to the evaporation system 7 Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough8 University 9 Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University Faeces drops Ken Chatterton Waste © WEDC drop Loughborough pan University Waste drop pan into solid in down postion in up postion waste bin Bag is made from degradable bioplastic lined with urea, is safe to handle Cardboard and plastic toilets remaining odour-free for to hold the bag when Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University at least 24hrs in use, are also available Ken Chatterton © WEDC Loughborough University A Collection of Contemporary Toilet Designs EOOS and WEDC In 2011, the Water, Sanitation & Hygiene program at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation initiated the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge to bring sustainable sanitation solutions to the 2.5 billion people worldwide who don’t have access to safe, affordable sanitation. Grants have since been awarded to researchers and industries around the world who are using innovative approaches – based on fundamental engineering processes – for the safe and sustainable management of human waste. The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge aims to create a toilet that: • Removes germs from human waste and recovers valuable resources such as energy, clean water, and nutrients. • Operates ‘off the grid’ without connections to water, sewer, or electrical lines. • Costs less than US$.05 cents per user per day. • Promotes sustainable and financially profitable sanitation services and businesses that operate in poor, urban settings. • Is a truly aspirational next-generation product that everyone will want to use – in developed as well as developing nations. Innovative solutions change people’s lives for the better. By applying creative thinking to everyday challenges, such as dealing with human waste, we can fix some of the world’s toughest problems. We hope the designs displayed in this book will encourage further research and investments in improved sanitation. Doulaye Kone, PhD Senior Program Officer, WSH, Toilet Team Transformatives Technologies Global Development Book edited and designed by Rod Shaw Illustrations by Ken Chatterton Published by WEDC, Loughborough University, 2014 An online copy of this publication is available from: http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/knowledge/ Hypertext links to further information listed in this volume were active as of 18 January 2014. ISBN: 978 1 84380 155 9 All reasonable precautions have been taken by the WEDC, Loughborough University to verify the information contained in this publication. However, WEDC, Loughborough University does not necessarily endorse the technologies presented in this document. The published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the WEDC, Loughborough University be liable for damages as a result of their use. Preface In August 2012, I met the EOOS representative in Seattle through Dr Carl Hensman of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation where we started to think about ways to present a collection of contemporary toilet designs that would spark a wider interest in the subject. Alongside the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge of the Foundation, EOOS (based in Austria) had started to collect information relating to the design of its Blue Diversion Toilet as well as other toilet designs. The information was initially gathered together in a research log, which, although not a project with an encyclopaedic scientific focus, provided insight into new and innovative ways of addressing global sanitation issues. This collection is the result of the findings of EOOS research
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