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Sastav Pridnenih Zajednica Dubokoga Jadrana I Struktura Populacija Gospodarski Najvažnijih Vrsta

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Sastav Pridnenih Zajednica Dubokoga Jadrana I Struktura Populacija Gospodarski Najvažnijih Vrsta Sastav pridnenih zajednica dubokoga Jadrana i struktura populacija gospodarski najvažnijih vrsta Isajlović, Igor Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2012 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:040970 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-09 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Igor Isajlović SASTAV PRIDNENIH ZAJEDNICA DUBOKOGA JADRANA I STRUKTURA POPULACIJA GOSPODARSKI NAJVAŽNIJIH VRSTA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2012. UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF SCIENCE DIVISION OF BIOLOGY Igor Isajlović THE COMPOSITION OF DEMERSAL COMMUNITIES OF DEEP ADRIATIC AND THE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE COMMERCIALLY MOST IMPORTANT SPECIES DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2012 Ovaj je doktorski rad izrađen u Institutu za oceanografiju i ribarstvo iz Splita, pod vodstvom prof.dr.sc. Nede Vrgoča, u sklopu Sveučilišnog poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Biologije pri Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. ZAHVALA Sveučilište u Zagrebu Doktorski rad Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek SASTAV PRIDNENIH ZAJEDNICA DUBOKOGA JADRANA I STRUKTURA POPULACIJA GOSPODARSKI NAJVAŽNIJIH VRSTA IGOR ISAJLOVIĆ Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, Split Sažetak Ovaj rad je napravljen na osnovu podataka prikupljenih tijekom istraživanja pridnenih zajednica u okviru međunarodnih projekata EU MEDITS i FAO AdriaMed Deep Sea Survey. Cilj ove disertacije je opisivanje sastava pridnenih zajednica i demografske strukture populacija gospodarski najvažnijih vrsta dubokog Jadrana, usporedba sastava pridnenih zajednica obzirom na dubinu mora, proučavanje promjena u razdoblju od 1994. do 2008. godine, te davanje preporuka za održivo gospodarenje i zaštitu. Tijekom istraživanja ukupno je zabilježeno 339 vrsta riba, rakova i glavonožaca na cjelokupnom području. U najdubljem dijelu zabilježene su i tri nove vrste za Jadran. Najzastupljenije vrste na području kontinentskog slaza od 200 do 800 m prema masi bile su Lepidopus caudatus, Merluccius merluccius te Micromesistius poutassou, a u najdubljim dijelovima Jadrana Galeus melastomus te Trachyrhynchus trachyrhynchus. U razdoblju od 1994. do 2008. godine zabilježen je pad gustoće populacija u svim dubinskim područjima, osobito u plićem dijelu Jadrana. Multivarijatna analiza sastava pridnenih zajednica pokazala je postojanje značajne razlike između različitih područja dubokog dijela Jadrana. Uočena je stratifikacija demografske strukture populacija najvažnijih vrsta obzirom na dubinu. Trenutno stanje pridnenih zajednica dubokog dijela Jadrana upućuju na potrebu uvođenja preventivnih mjera zaštite tog područja. (169 stranica, 97 slika, 31 tablica, 177 literaturnih navoda, 28 tablica priloga, jezik izvornika: hrvatski) Ključne riječi: Duboki Jadran, pridnene zajednice, gustoća populacija, EU MEDITS, FAO AdriaMed Mentor: Prof. dr. sc. Nedo Vrgoč Ocjenjivači: Doc. dr. sc. Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli Prof. dr. sc. Svjetlana Krstulović Šifner University of Zagreb Doctoral thesis Faculty of Science Division of Biology THE COMPOSITION OF DEMERSAL COMMUNITIES OF DEEP ADRIATIC AND THE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE COMMERCIALLY MOST IMPORTANT SPECIES IGOR ISAJLOVIĆ Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split Abstract This thesis is based on samples and data collected during investigation of demersal communities conducted in a framework of international projects EU MEDITS from 1994 to 2008 and FAO AdriaMed from 2008 to 2010. Objectives of this thesis were description of composition of demersal communities and demographic structure of populations of most important species living in the deep Adriatic, comparative analysis of composition of demersal communities with respect to depth, analysis of changes that occurred in a period from 1994 to 2008, and creation of recommendations for the protection of the investigated area. During this study total of 339 species of fish, crustaceans and cephalopods were recorded in the entire study area. Three species new for the Adriatic were recorded in the deepest part. On the continental slope, most common species by biomass were Lepidopus caudatus, Merluccius merluccius and Micromesistius poutassou, while in the deepest part of the Adriatic most common species were Galeus melastomus and Trachyrhynchus trachyrhynchus. In a period from 1994 to 2008 a decrease in population densities were noted in all depth strata and it was especially evident in shallow areas. Multivariate analysis of composition of demersal communities showed statistically significant differences between areas in the deep Adriatic. Further more, demographic stratification of population structures of the most important species was noted with respect to depth. The recent state of demersal communities in the deep part of Adriatic indicates a need for introduction of preventive protection measures for this area. (169 pages, 97 figures, 31 tables, 177 references, 28 tables in the appendix, original in: Croatian) Key words: Deep Adriatic, demersal communities, population density, EU MEDITS, FAO AdriaMed Supervisor: Nedo Vrgoč, associate professor. Reviewers: Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli, assistant professor. Svjetlana Krstulović Šifner, associate professor. SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Ciljevi istraživanja i očekivani znanstveni doprinos...................................................... 2 2. LITERATURNI PREGLED .......................................................................................... 3 2.1 More kao životna sredina ............................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Osnovne značajke Jadranskog mora ..................................................................... 3 2.2. Pregled povijesnih istraživanja demerzalnih zajednica Jadranskog mora..................... 7 2.3. Biološka raznolikost Jadranskog mora......................................................................... 12 2.4. Gospodarska važnost pridnenih područja..................................................................... 13 2.5. Gospodarski značajne vrste u dubokom dijelu Jadrana................................................ 16 2.3.1. Oslić, mol (Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1785))........................................... 16 2.4.2. Mačka crnousta (Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810)....................................... 17 2.4.3. Lignjun (Illex condietii (Vérany 1839))................................................................ 18 2.4.3. Škamp (Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758)).................................................. 19 3. MATERIJALI I METODE .......................................................................................... 21 3.1 Istraživanja pridnenih zajednica Jadranskog mora u okviru projekta MEDITS .......... 21 3.1.1 Područje istraživanja ........................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Prikupljanje uzoraka............................................................................................ 24 3.1.3 Analiza uzoraka................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Istraživanja pridnenih zajednica južnog Jadrana u okviru FAO AdriaMed projekta... 28 3.2.1 Prikupljanje uzoraka............................................................................................ 29 3.2.2 Analiza uzoraka................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Statističke analize i obrade podataka............................................................................ 32 3.3.1 Ulov na jedinicu površine ................................................................................... 32 4. REZULTATI................................................................................................................ 36 4.1 Kvalitativni sastav pridnenih zajednica Jadranskog mora............................................ 36 4.1.1 Kvalitativni sastav pridnenih zajednica zabilježen tijekom projekta MEDITS .. 36 4.1.1.1 Kvalitativni sastav pridnenih zajednica obzirom na dubinu mora ............... 41 4.1.1.1.1 Područje kontinentske podine, dubine manje od 200 m......................... 41 4.1.1.1.2 Područje kontinentskog slaza, preko 200 m dubine............................... 46 4.1.2 Kvalitativni sastav pridnenih zajednica obrađenih tijekom FAO AdriaMed „Deep Sea“ survey .............................................................................................. 51 4.2 Usporedba kvalitativnog sastava pridnenih zajednica dubokih dijelova Jadranskog mora prema dubinskim podpojasevima........................................................................ 54 4.3 Kvantitativni sastav pridnenih zajednica Jadranskog mora.......................................... 57 4.3.1 Kvantitativni sastav pridnenih zajednica zabilježen tijekom projekta MEDITS 57 4.3.1.1 Kvantitativni sastav pridnenih zajednica obzirom na dubinu mora ............. 63 4.3.1.1.1 Područje kontinentske podine, dubine manje od 200 m......................... 63 4.3.1.1.2 Područje kontinentskog slaza, preko 200 m dubine............................... 69 4.3.2 Kvantitativni
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