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Britain's Transition from Rail to Road-Based Food Distribution, 1919-1975 Thomas James Spain MA
‘Food Miles’: Britain’s Transition from Rail to Road-based Food Distribution, 1919-1975 Thomas James Spain MA Doctor of Philosophy University of York Railway Studies September 2016 Abstract Britain’s railways were essential for the development of the British economy throughout the nineteenth century; however, by 1919 their seemingly unassailable position as goods carriers was about to be eroded by the lorry. The railway strike of September 1919 had presented traders with an opportunity to observe the capabilities of road haulage, but there is no study which focuses on the process of modal shift in goods distribution from the trader’s perspective. This thesis therefore marks an important departure from the existing literature by placing goods transport into its working context. The importance of food as an everyday essential commodity adds a further dimension to the status of goods transport within Britain’s supply chain, particularly when the fragility of food products means that minimising the impact of distance, time and spoilage before consumption is vital in ensuring effective and practical logistical solutions. These are considered in a series of four case studies on specific food commodities and retail distribution, which also hypothesise that the modal shift from rail to road reflected the changing character of transport demand between 1919 and 1975. Consequently, this thesis explores the notion that the centre of governance over the supply chain transferred between food producers, manufacturers, government and chain retailer, thereby driving changes in transport technology and practice. This thesis uses archival material to provide a qualitative study into the food industry’s relationship with transport where the case studies incorporate supply chain analyses to permit an exploration of how changes in structure might have influenced the modal shift from rail to road distribution. -
Dundee Harbour Line
Angus Railway Group JOU No 155 SUMMER 2001 ERROL STATION (ALMOST) SOLD We are reliably informed that after many months and several interested parties, Errol Station is at last about to be sold. It would appear that only a minor formality with the bank involved. needs to be clarified and the sale can go ahead. This has been quite a fraught saga for those immediately involved, but it ,I would seem that their efforts are about to be repaid. i 'CARMYLLIE PILOT' TO STEAM iAGAIN? [ Tayside's much loved but greatly neglected asset, the Ivatt 2-6-0, No 46464, may yet be returned to steam. A newly formed group has been set up to over- see the work on the not so old lady, who has just turned 50. David Fraser, the son of the late Ian Fraser, who purchased the locomotive from BR in the mid The southern spans of therr.. arch viaduct which car- sixties, has agreed to handing over part ownership to ried the Dundee and Forfar Direct Railway over the the new group. Work is estimated to cost £40,000 and Dighty Water at Barnhill. This view looking to the north, is expected to take five years. was taken in June 1973. (photograph, Jim Page.) L ~ ~ ~ I- IBROUGHTY FERRY REFURBISHMENT IS UNDERWAY - AT LAST! ! Work has finally started on the restoration of the station, and is expected to take 26 weeks. At the Itime of writing, part of the canopy over the southbound platform has been removed along with the roof I of the signal box. -
A Railway to Regenerate Levenmouth
A railway to regenerate Levenmouth This booklet shows the benefits of reinstating the mothballed Levenmouth railway and how this would transform the A project that ticks local community. all the boxes Scottish National Transport Policy LMRC High Level Promote economic growth √ Objectives Promote social inclusion √ Protect environment and improve health √ Improve safety of journeys √ Improve integration √ Key Strategic Improved journey times and connections √ Outcomes Reduced emissions √ Improved quality, accessibility and affordability √ CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Executive Summary 1 1.2 The Vision 2 1.3 The Proposal 3 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 The mothballed Leven line 4 2.2 Population 6 2.3 Previous studies 8 2.4 Potential rail freight 10 2.5 Support for Levenmouth rail link 11 3. BENEFITS 3.1 Personal stories 12 3.2 What makes a good rail reopening project? 14 3.3 Delivering Scottish Government policy 15 3.4 Freight 16 3.5 Land Value Capture 17 3.6 Tourism 18 3.7 Wider economic and regional benefits 20 3.8 The business case - Benefit to Cost ratio 21 4. RE-INSTATING THE RAILWAY 4.1 Construction costs - Comparing Levenmouth with Borders 22 4.2 Timetable issues 24 4.3 Other project issues 25 5. MOVING FORWARD 5.1 Conclusions 26 5.2 The final report? 26 6. LEVENMOUTH RAIL CAMPAIGN 6.1 About our campaign 27 6.2 Our Charter 28 6.3 More information 29 - 1 - 1. Introduction 1.1 Executive Summary This booklet has been produced by the Levenmouth Rail Campaign (LMRC) with the support of a group of railway professionals who wish to lend their expertise to the campaign. -
Great Western Railway Ships - Wikipedi… Great Western Railway Ships from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
5/20/2011 Great Western Railway ships - Wikipedi… Great Western Railway ships From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Great Western Railway’s ships operated in Great Western Railway connection with the company's trains to provide services to (shipping services) Ireland, the Channel Islands and France.[1] Powers were granted by Act of Parliament for the Great Western Railway (GWR) to operate ships in 1871. The following year the company took over the ships operated by Ford and Jackson on the route between Wales and Ireland. Services were operated between Weymouth, the Channel Islands and France on the former Weymouth and Channel Islands Steam Packet Company routes. Smaller GWR vessels were also used as tenders at Plymouth and on ferry routes on the River Severn and River Dart. The railway also operated tugs and other craft at their docks in Wales and South West England. The Great Western Railway’s principal routes and docks Contents Predecessor Ford and Jackson Successor British Railways 1 History 2 Sea-going ships Founded 1871 2.1 A to G Defunct 1948 2.2 H to O Headquarters Milford/Fishguard, Wales 2.3 P to R 2.4 S Parent Great Western Railway 2.5 T to Z 3 River ferries 4 Tugs and work boats 4.1 A to M 4.2 N to Z 5 Colours 6 References History Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the GWR’s chief engineer, envisaged the railway linking London with the United States of America. He was responsible for designing three large ships, the SS Great Western (1837), SS Great Britain (1843; now preserved at Bristol), and SS Great Eastern (1858). -
The Carrying Trade and the First Railways in England, C1750-C1850
The Carrying Trade and the First Railways in England, c1750-c1850 Carolyn Dougherty PhD University of York Railway Studies November 2018 Abstract Transport and economic historians generally consider the change from moving goods principally on roads, inland waterways and coastal ships to moving them principally on railways as inevitable, unproblematic, and the result of technological improvements. While the benefits of rail travel were so clear that most other modes of passenger transport disappeared once rail service was introduced, railway goods transport did not offer as obvious an improvement over the existing goods transport network, known as the carrying trade. Initially most railways were open to the carrying trade, but by the 1840s railway companies began to provide goods carriage and exclude carriers from their lines. The resulting conflict over how, and by whom, goods would be transported on railways, known as the carrying question, lasted more than a decade, and railway companies did not come to dominate domestic goods carriage until the 1850s. In this study I develop a fuller picture of the carrying trade than currently exists, highlighting its multimodal collaborative structure and setting it within the ‘sociable economy’ of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century England. I contrast this economy with the business model of joint-stock companies, including railway companies, and investigate responses to the business practices of these companies. I analyse the debate over railway company goods carriage, and identify changes in goods transport resulting from its introduction. Finally, I describe the development and outcome of the carrying question, showing that railway companies faced resistance to their attempts to control goods carriage on rail lines not only from the carrying trade but also from customers of goods transport, the government and the general public. -
Appendix: Statistical Information
Appendix: Statistical Information Table A.1 Order in which the main works were built. Table A.2 Railway companies and trade unions who were parties to Industrial Court Award No. 728 of 8 July 1922 Table A.3 Railway companies amalgamated to form the four main-line companies in 1923 Table A.4 London Midland and Scottish Railway Company statistics, 1924 Table A.5 London and North-Eastern Railway Company statistics, 1930 Table A.6 Total expenditure by the four main-line companies on locomotive repairs and partial renewals, total mileage and cost per mile, 1928-47 Table A.7 Total expenditure on carriage and wagon repairs and partial renewals by each of the four main-line companies, 1928 and 1947 Table A.8 Locomotive output, 1947 Table A.9 Repair output of subsidiary locomotive works, 1947 Table A. 10 Carriage and wagon output, 1949 Table A.ll Passenger journeys originating, 1948 Table A.12 Freight train traffic originating, 1948 TableA.13 Design offices involved in post-nationalisation BR Standard locomotive design Table A.14 Building of the first BR Standard locomotives, 1954 Table A.15 BR stock levels, 1948-M Table A.16 BREL statistics, 1979 Table A. 17 Total output of BREL workshops, year ending 31 December 1981 Table A. 18 Unit cost of BREL new builds, 1977 and 1981 Table A.19 Maintenance costs per unit, 1981 Table A.20 Staff employed in BR Engineering and in BREL, 1982 Table A.21 BR traffic, 1980 Table A.22 BR financial results, 1980 Table A.23 Changes in method of BR freight movement, 1970-81 Table A.24 Analysis of BR freight carryings, -
Saltash Floating Bridge Saltash Passage and D-Day, 6 June 1944
SALTASH PASSAGE altash Passage and nearby Little Ash were once part of Cornwall – although they have both always been Saltash Floating Bridge within the Devonshire parish of St Budeaux. For over 600 years there was an important ferry crossing here, The Royal Albert Bridge Devon born civil engineer James Meadows Rendel moved to Plymouth in the Sto Saltash. A major problem in taking the steam railway west from Plymouth and on into early 1820s. His Saltash Floating Bridge was Plymouth-built and entered service From 1851, and for 110 years, the Saltash Ferry was served by a powered floating bridge or chain ferry. Saltash Cornwall was crossing the River Tamar. In 1848, Isambard Kingdom Brunel in early 1833. The machinery was in the middle, with a deck either side for foot proposed a viaduct at Saltash, where the river is just 335 metres (1,100ft) wide. passengers, horses and livestock, or up to four carriages. Because of the strong Corporation held the ferry rights for much of that time. There were seven floating bridges in total and the last The final agreed design was for a wrought iron, bow string suspension bridge; current, the fixed chain and ferry crossed the river at an angle. Rendel’s Saltash ferry crossed here in October 1961. part arched bridge, part suspension bridge – with the roadway suspended from Ferry was pioneering but unreliable. It was withdrawn in months and the old The Saltash Viaduct is better known as the Royal Albert Bridge. It was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in two self-supporting tubular trusses. -
Part 3 of the Bibliography Catalogue
Bibliography - L&NWR Society Periodicals Part 3 - Railway Magazine Registered Charity - L&NWRSociety No. 1110210 Copyright LNWR Society 2012 Title Year Volume Page Railway Magazine Photos. Junction at Craven Arms Photos. Tyne-Mersey Power. Lime Street, Diggle 138 Why and Wherefore. Soho Road station 465 Recent Work by British Express Locomotives Inc. Photo. 2-4-0 No.419 Zillah 1897 01/07 20 Some Racing Runs and Trial Trips. 1. The Race to Edinburgh 1888 - The Last Day 1897 01/07 39 What Our Railways are Doing. Presentation to F.Harrison from Guards 1897 01/07 90 What Our Railways are Doing. Trains over 50 mph 1897 01/07 90 Pertinent Paragraphs. Jubilee of 'Cornwall' 1897 01/07 94 Engine Drivers and their Duties by C.J.Bowen Cooke. Describes Rugby with photos at the 1897 01/08 113 Photo.shed. 'Queen Empress' on corridor dining train 1897 01/08 133 Some Railway Myths. Inc The Bloomers, with photo and Precedent 1897 01/08 160 Petroleum Fuel for Locomotives. Inc 0-4-0WT photo. 1897 01/08 170 What The Railways are Doing. Services to Greenore. 1897 01/08 183 Pertinent Paragraphs. 'Jubilee' class 1897 01/08 187 Pertinent Paragraphs. List of 100 mile runs without a stop 1897 01/08 190 Interview Sir F.Harrison. Gen.Manager .Inc photos F.Harrison, Lord Stalbridge,F.Ree, 1897 01/09 193 TheR.Turnbull Euston Audit Office. J.Partington Chief of Audit Dept.LNW. Inc photos. 1897 01/09 245 24 Hours at a Railway Junction. Willesden (V.L.Whitchurch) 1897 01/09 263 What The Railways are Doing. -
Railways List
A guide and list to a collection of Historic Railway Documents www.railarchive.org.uk to e mail click here December 2017 1 Since July 1971, this private collection of printed railway documents from pre grouping and pre nationalisation railway companies based in the UK; has sought to expand it‟s collection with the aim of obtaining a printed sample from each independent railway company which operated (or obtained it‟s act of parliament and started construction). There were over 1,500 such companies and to date the Rail Archive has sourced samples from over 800 of these companies. Early in 2001 the collection needed to be assessed for insurance purposes to identify a suitable premium. The premium cost was significant enough to warrant a more secure and sustainable future for the collection. In 2002 The Rail Archive was set up with the following objectives: secure an on-going future for the collection in a public institution reduce the insurance premium continue to add to the collection add a private collection of railway photographs from 1970‟s onwards provide a public access facility promote the collection ensure that the collection remains together in perpetuity where practical ensure that sufficient finances were in place to achieve to above objectives The archive is now retained by The Bodleian Library in Oxford to deliver the above objectives. This guide which gives details of paperwork in the collection and a list of railway companies from which material is wanted. The aim is to collect an item of printed paperwork from each UK railway company ever opened. -
BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 14:14 Page 1
BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 14:14 Page 1 BRITAIN‘S LEADING HISTORICAL RAILWAY JOURNAL VOLUME 22 • NUMBER 1 • JANUARY 2008 • £3.60 IN THIS ISSUE 150 YEARS OF THE SOMERSET & DORSET RAILWAY GWR RAILCARS IN COLOUR THE NORTH CORNWALL LINE THE FURNESS LINE IN COLOUR PENDRAGON BRITISH ENGLISH-ELECTRIC MANUFACTURERS PUBLISHING THE GWR EXPRESS 4-4-0 CLASSES THE COMPREHENSIVE VOICE OF RAILWAY HISTORY BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 15:59 Page 64 THE COMPREHENSIVE VOICE OF RAILWAY HISTORY END OF THE YEAR AT ASHBY JUNCTION A light snowfall lends a crisp feel to this view at Ashby Junction, just north of Nuneaton, on 29th December 1962. Two LMS 4-6-0s, Class 5 No.45058 piloting ‘Jubilee’ No.45592 Indore, whisk the late-running Heysham–London Euston ‘Ulster Express’ past the signal box in a flurry of steam, while 8F 2-8-0 No.48349 waits to bring a freight off the Ashby & Nuneaton line. As the year draws to a close, steam can ponder upon the inexorable march south of the West Coast Main Line electrification. (Tommy Tomalin) PENDRAGON PUBLISHING www.pendragonpublishing.co.uk BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 14:17 Page 4 SOUTHERN GONE WEST A busy scene at Halwill Junction on 31st August 1964. BR Class 4 4-6-0 No.75022 is approaching with the 8.48am from Padstow, THE NORTH CORNWALL while Class 4 2-6-4T No.80037 waits to shape of the ancient Bodmin & Wadebridge proceed with the 10.00 Okehampton–Padstow. -
IL Combo Ndx V2
file IL COMBO v2 for PDF.doc updated 13-12-2006 THE INDUSTRIAL LOCOMOTIVE The Quarterly Journal of THE INDUSTRIAL LOCOMOTIVE SOCIETY COMBINED INDEX of Volumes 1 to 7 1976 – 1996 IL No.1 to No.79 PROVISIONAL EDITION www.industrial-loco.org.uk IL COMBO v2 for PDF.doc updated 13-12-2006 INTRODUCTION and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This “Combo Index” has been assembled by combining the contents of the separate indexes originally created, for each individual volume, over a period of almost 30 years by a number of different people each using different approaches and methods. The first three volume indexes were produced on typewriters, though subsequent issues were produced by computers, and happily digital files had been preserved for these apart from one section of one index. It has therefore been necessary to create digital versions of 3 original indexes using “Optical Character Recognition” (OCR), which has not proved easy due to the relatively poor print, and extremely small text (font) size, of some of the indexes in particular. Thus the OCR results have required extensive proof-reading. Very fortunately, a team of volunteers to assist in the project was recruited from the membership of the Society, and grateful thanks are undoubtedly due to the major players in this exercise – Paul Burkhalter, John Hill, John Hutchings, Frank Jux, John Maddox and Robin Simmonds – with a special thankyou to Russell Wear, current Editor of "IL" and Chairman of the Society, who has both helped and given encouragement to the project in a myraid of different ways. None of this would have been possible but for the efforts of those who compiled the original individual indexes – Frank Jux, Ian Lloyd, (the late) James Lowe, John Scotford, and John Wood – and to the volume index print preparers such as Roger Hateley, who set a new level of presentation which is standing the test of time. -
PREFACE to 1895 EDITION, OUTLINE of CONTENTS and INDEX to COMPANIES LISTED in 1895 (PDF File
PREFACE TO 1895 EDITION, OUTLINE OF CONTENTS & INDEX TO COMPANIES LISTED IN 1895 By 1895 the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook had settled into a format that it was to stay with for the duration. We reproduce the Preface, Outline of Contents and the Index to companies listed in 1895 to give readers an idea of the typical organisation of a yearbook, and of the great variety of companies covered in this and in future volumes. PREFACE. The year 1894 has not proved so favourable to business as was expected. This is chiefly due to the further considerable decline in the prices of natural products, and to some extent to the difficulty in bringing to a conclusion the tariff and other reforms in the United States to which President Cleveland had put his hand. But the year closes with a nearly complete absence of disturbing causes, though the prices of produce are still at their lowest, and the return to commercial and agricultural prosperity is in all parts of the world proceeding at an abnormally slow rate. But it is generally admitted that the worst is now more than over. This is an immense gain in itself, especially as regards Stock Exchange securities, amongst which selling from fear or necessity no sooner ceases than an upward movement on some scale sets in. A year ago we had to report a further considerable fall in the aggregate of Stock Exchange values; but for 1894 there has been a rise in prices which more than outsets the decline then reported, and to all appearance the upward movement is still in progress.