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Home , Berlin Blockade, Brezhnev Doctrine, Comecon, Evil Empire speech, Geneva Summit (1955), Geneva Summit (1985)

The Beginning of the 1941-58

KEY DATES KEY WORDS 1939 WW2 begins A of countries under the control of . Also called 1941 Grand Alliance between Britain, USA and Soviet Union the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Ideology A set of shared beliefs on how a country should be governed 1943 Conference and how its society should work 1945  First successful US atomic bomb test and use in Capitalists believe everyone should be free to own property  Conference and businesses, and make money. The USA is capitalist  Conference Communists believe all property, homes and businesses  End of WW2 should be owned by the state to make sure everyone gets a 1946  Churchill makes speech fair share. The USSR was communist.  Kennan’s Long telegram Democracy A political system in which leaders are chosen in a free  Novikov telegram election, like the UK or USA. 1947  Doctrine A nation that is under the control of the other  announced Colonialism Economic, political and cultural control of another country  Formation of  Communist government in Reparations Payments of money or goods after a war to the winning side 1948   Communist government in Veto The ability to stop resolutions being passed with a single no 1949  Formation of FRG and GDR vote  NATO set up Isolationism Not getting involved in the affairs of other countries  set up Preventing the spread of communism 1955 Formation of Pact 1956 Hungarian Uprising Conventional Any that are not nuclear, chemical or biological Weapons Deterrent A force that prevents something from happening Uprising An act of resistance or rebellion Cold War Crises 1958-70

KEY DATES KEY WORDS 1959  Ultimatum A final demand, backed up by threats  Geneva Summit Free city A city with its own independent government 1960  Spy Plane incident Hawks During the Cold War, those who supported going to war  Paris Summit were known as Hawks 1961  Bay of Pigs Incident Doves During the Cold War, those who were against going to war  Summit were known as Doves  built Pushing disagreements to the point where there is the risk 1962 of war 1963  Kennedy visits Berlin Non- proliferation Stopping the spread of weapons and arms  Limited Test Ban Communist countries also sometimes refer to themselves as 1967 Outer space treaty Socialist, it can be a less strict version of communism. 1968  Nuclear non-proliferation treaty Doctrine A belief or philosophy  Spring A period of political in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union Politburo The main policymaking committee of a . De-Stalinisation The policy after 1956, of removing the influence of Stalin

The End of the Cold War 1970-91

KEY DATES KEY WORDS 1970 Détente begins Détente A period of peace between two groups previously at war 1972 SALT 1 agreement Interim Temporary or short-term. 1975 Helsinki agreement 1979  Soviet Union invades Ratification Formal approval   SALT 2 agreement Economic sanctions Action taken to damage a country’s economy, usually 1980 Olympics including a ban 1983 Regan makes ‘Evil Empire’ speech Shah King or Emperor. was ruled by Shahs until 1979 1984 LA Olympics Abdicate To step down from office or power 1985   Gorbachev becomes leader of Soviet Union The Russian word for reconstruction. Used to describe 1986  Reykjavik summit Gorbachev’s programme of reorganising the USSR  Chernobyl nuclear disaster The Russian word for transparency. Used to describe 1987 INF treaty Gorbachev’s more open attitude to government and 1989 Fall of Berlin Wall foreign relations 1991  dissolved Solidarity Agreement of feeling or action. In Poland the Solidarity  Gorbachev removed from power Trade Union was a mass campaign for political change