sign in sign up
<<
Home , Tehran Conference

O N F C E R N E A N R C H E

E

T

T

E

E

H

C

R

N

A

E

N

R

E C F O N

Europe in December 1943 Territories – owned, occupied, controlled by: Axis Western Allies conference Neutral countries 28 November – Moscow Soviet Union united Berlin kingdom 1 December Nazi 1943 Germany Italy Tehran

The first meeting between the Big Three took place at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. Iran had been occupied by the UK and USSR since 1941. selected and insisted on the location. The conference was codenamed Eureka. After the conference, the Big Three issued two public statements: “Declaration of the Three Powers” and “Declaration on Iran”. They also signed a confidential document concerning military actions. World map in December 1943 © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Remembrance and Solidarity. Network of European © Institute purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for source) (citing its form in unchanged 22–26 November Circumstances First Cairo Conference – Chiang Kai-shek (leader of the Republic of China), Churchill and Roosevelt 194314-24 January 23 August discuss the fight against Casablanca Conference (Churchill, Soviet victory over Germany at the until unconditional surrender and Roosevelt and Charles de Gaulle) Battle of Kursk. The ’s the reclaiming of seized territories. – where the leaders resolved offensive begins on the Eastern to continue fighting until an Front. unconditional surrender (without 194114 August any guarantees to the defeated F.D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill party) of Germany, Italy and signed the , Japan. They also agreed on Italy to which declared that every be attacked. nation has the right to self- determination.

1942 10 July – 8 September 1 January 2 February 28 November –  Declaration of the United Soviet victory over Germany at Allied attack on Sicily. Southern 1 December Nations signed by the Big Four Italy falls to Allied rule. the . The , the first (USA, UK, USSR and China). Signed Tehran conference turning point in the Eastern Front meeting between the Big Three. by a further 22 countries on the conflict. following day. This document formalized the alliance against the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan and their supporters), and formed the basis for founding the .

O N F C E R N E A N R C and printed be downloaded may infographic This Remembrance and Solidarity. Network of European © Institute purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for source) (citing its form in unchanged

H E

E

T

T

E

E H

C R

N

A

E N

R

C E F O N Key figures The big three 1 Joseph Stalin 1 2 3 Premier of the USSR

2 Franklin Delano Roosevelt President of the

3 Winston Churchill Prime Minister of the

The leaders were accompanied by their delegations, including:

Vyacheslav Molotov Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs

Harry Hopkins Roosevelt’s advisor

Anthony Eden UK Foreign Secretary

From left to right: Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and on the portico of the Russian Embassy during the Tehran Conference.

O N C N F A E R R H E E N

T C

E

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Remembrance and Solidarity. Network of European © Institute purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for source) (citing its form in unchanged

E

C T

E N

H E

R R

E A

F

N

N

C O General decisions

United Nations – first discussions about the Allied Powers-based United Nations tasked with preventing future military conflicts.

War until the Axis’ unconditional surrender confirmed.

Creation of the European Advisory Commission (EAC) tasked with giving recommendations to the Big Three about the future of European countries.

Winston Churchill with President Roosevelt O N C N F and Marshal Stalin at a dinner party at the A E R R British Legation in Tehran on the occasion of H E Churchill’s 69th birthday, 30 November 1943. E N

T C

E

E

C T

E N

H E

R R

E A

F

N

N

C O

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu Decisions

Countries and 4 Poland – initial discussions Iran was promised post-war borders about Poland’s borders shifting financial support, as well as Germany – the Big Three to the west, its eastern border to sovereignty and territorial collectively believed that Germany integrity. Military the and the western should be divided after the border to the River. 1 Western allies will open a new war, although the nature of the front in Europe – in northern division was still undecided. France in May 1944 () simultaneously with an attack in southern France (operation Anvil, later Dragoon). At the same time, the USSR will launch an attack on the Eastern Map key Front. Territories – owned, occupied, controlled by: should enter the war Axis 2 Western Allies against before the Soviet Union end of 1943. Neutral countries

3 The Allies will give maximum support to communist partisans Moscow in occupied commanded by .

Stalin promised to attack Japan Soviet Union 4 after Germany’s defeat. united 4 Occupied Curzon kingdom Oder line river Poland nazi 1 Germany Operation Overlord

Operation 3 Occupied Dragoon italy Yugoslavia Tehran 1 Iran 2 Turkey

O N C N F A E R R E H N E C T

E

E

T

C

E

N

H and printed be downloaded may infographic This Remembrance and Solidarity. Network of European © Institute purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for source) (citing its form in unchanged

E

R

R

A

E

N

F

N C O Aftermath

Second Cairo Conference Map key 2–7 December 1943 Territories – owned, occupied, controlled by: Churchill and Roosevelt meet Axis Turkish President İsmet İnönü Western Allies to encourage his country’s Soviet Union Neutral countries participation in the war against Moscow the Axis. However, Turkey did not join the war until 1945.

Soviet Union Operation Overlord 6 June – 31 August 1944 united Berlin Began on D-Day (6 June) when the kingdom Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France. Within three Nazi Germany months the Allies liberated Paris. Operation

Overlord Paris Yugoslavia Partisans – with support of the Allies – liberate almost the entire country from German occupation Occupied in advance of the arriving Red Yugoslavia Army. Turkey

O N F C E R N E A N R C

H E

E

T

T

E

E H

C R

N

A

E N

R

C E F O N

Cairo

Egypt © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Remembrance and Solidarity. Network of European © Institute purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for source) (citing its form in unchanged Infographics prepared for the Authors: Photographs: project Hi-story lessons. Teaching Zofia Zakrzewska In order of appearance & learning about 20th-century Institute of History, ■ IWM (A 4815) European history University of Warsaw ■ MM-43-01-32 (Osborne) in cooperation with The mission of the Hi-story ■ EverettCollection/EAST NEWS Julita Gredecka lessons’ project is to show ■ EverettCollection/EAST NEWS European history of the Teacher consultant ■ ApImages/EastNews 20th-century from different perspectives. Underlining the Substantive editing: need to teach history with an Prof. Jan Rydel awareness that neighbouring ENRS countries may possibly have a different viewpoint on the same historical fact is the project’s main Coordination: aim. With Hi-story lessons we Maria Naimska strive to challenge how teachers Weronika Kann and their students see the history ENRS of Europe — its diversity and complexity at times even with Graphic design: contrary opinions. Jasiek Krzysztofiak

https://hi-storylessons.eu https://enrs.eu/ Proofreading: Darren Chastney

ENRS is funded by:

Ministry of Culture

The infographics are funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a decision of the German Bundestag © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Remembrance and Solidarity. Network of European © Institute purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for source) (citing its form in unchanged