DOCSLIB.ORG

1943 Tehran Conference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1943 Tehran Conference O N F C E R N E A N R C H E E T T E E H C R N A E N R E C F O N Europe in December 1943 Tehran Territories – owned, occupied, controlled by: Axis Western Allies Soviet Union conference Neutral countries 28 November – Moscow SOVIET UNION UNITED Berlin KINGDOM 1 December NAZI 1943 GERMANY ITALY Tehran IRAN The first meeting between the Big Three took place at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. Iran had been occupied by the UK and USSR since 1941. Joseph Stalin selected and insisted on the location. The conference was codenamed Eureka. After the conference, the Big Three issued two public statements: “Declaration of the Three Powers” and “Declaration on Iran”. They also signed a confidential document concerning military actions. World map in December 1943 © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Network Remembrance and Solidarity. © Institute of European purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for (citing its source) in unchanged form 22–26 November Circumstances First Cairo Conference – Chiang Kai-shek (leader of the Republic of China), Churchill and Roosevelt 194314-24 January 23 August discuss the fight against Japan Casablanca Conference (Churchill, Soviet victory over Germany at the until unconditional surrender and Roosevelt and Charles de Gaulle) Battle of Kursk. The Red Army’s the reclaiming of seized territories. – where the leaders resolved offensive begins on the Eastern to continue fighting until an Front. unconditional surrender (without 194114 August any guarantees to the defeated F.D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill party) of Germany, Italy and signed the Atlantic Charter, Japan. They also agreed on Italy to which declared that every be attacked. nation has the right to self- determination. 1942 10 July – 8 September 1 January 2 February 28 November – Declaration of the United Soviet victory over Germany at Allied attack on Sicily. Southern 1 December Nations signed by the Big Four Italy falls to Allied rule. the Battle of Stalingrad. The , the first (USA, UK, USSR and China). Signed Tehran conference turning point in the Eastern Front meeting between the Big Three. by a further 22 countries on the conflict. following day. This document formalized the alliance against the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan and their supporters), and formed the basis for founding the United Nations. O N F C E R N E A N R C and printed be downloaded may infographic This Remembrance and Solidarity. of European Network © Institute purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit (citing its source) only for form in unchanged H E E T T E E H C R N A E N R C E F O N Key figures The big three 1 Joseph Stalin 1 2 3 Premier of the USSR 2 Franklin Delano Roosevelt President of the United States 3 Winston Churchill Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The leaders were accompanied by their delegations, including: Vyacheslav Molotov Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Harry Hopkins Roosevelt’s advisor Anthony Eden UK Foreign Secretary From left to right: Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill on the portico of the Russian Embassy during the Tehran Conference. O N C N F A E R R H E E N T C E © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Network Remembrance and Solidarity. © Institute of European purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for (citing its source) in unchanged form E C T E N H E R R E A F N N C O General decisions United Nations – first discussions about the Allied Powers-based United Nations tasked with preventing future military conflicts. War until the Axis’ unconditional surrender confirmed. Creation of the European Advisory Commission (EAC) tasked with giving recommendations to the Big Three about the future of European countries. Winston Churchill with President Roosevelt O N C N F and Marshal Stalin at a dinner party at the A E R R British Legation in Tehran on the occasion of H E Churchill’s 69th birthday, 30 November 1943. E N T C E E C T E N H E R R E A F N N C O © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu Decisions Countries and 4 Poland – initial discussions Iran was promised post-war borders about Poland’s borders shifting financial support, as well as Germany – the Big Three to the west, its eastern border to sovereignty and territorial collectively believed that Germany integrity. Military the Curzon Line and the western should be divided after the border to the Oder River. 1 Western allies will open a new war, although the nature of the front in Europe – in northern division was still undecided. France in May 1944 (operation Overlord) simultaneously with an attack in southern France (operation Anvil, later Dragoon). At the same time, the USSR will launch an attack on the Eastern Map key Front. Territories – owned, occupied, controlled by: should enter the war Axis 2 Turkey Western Allies against Nazi Germany before the Soviet Union end of 1943. Neutral countries 3 The Allies will give maximum support to communist partisans Moscow in occupied Yugoslavia commanded by Josip Broz Tito. Stalin promised to attack Japan SOVIET UNION 4 after Germany’s defeat. UNITED 4 Occupied Curzon KINGDOM Oder line river Poland NAZI 1 GERMANY Operation Overlord Operation 3 Occupied Dragoon ITALY Yugoslavia Tehran 1 IRAN 2 TURKEY O N C N F A E R R E H N E C T E E T C E N H and printed be downloaded may infographic This Network Remembrance and Solidarity. © Institute of European purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for (citing its source) in unchanged form E R R A E N F N C O Aftermath Second Cairo Conference Map key 2–7 December 1943 Territories – owned, occupied, controlled by: Churchill and Roosevelt meet Axis Turkish President İsmet İnönü Western Allies to encourage his country’s Soviet Union Neutral countries participation in the war against Moscow the Axis. However, Turkey did not join the war until 1945. SOVIET UNION Operation Overlord 6 June – 31 August 1944 UNITED Berlin Began on D-Day (6 June) when the KINGDOM Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France. Within three NAZI GERMANY months the Allies liberated Paris. Operation Overlord Paris Yugoslavia Partisans – with support of the Allies – liberate almost the entire country from German occupation Occupied in advance of the arriving Red Yugoslavia Army. TURKEY O N F C E R N E A N R C H E E T T E E H C R N A E N R C E F O N Cairo EgYPT © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Network Remembrance and Solidarity. © Institute of European purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for (citing its source) in unchanged form Infographics prepared for the Authors: Photographs: project Hi-story lessons. Teaching Zofia Zakrzewska In order of appearance & learning about 20th-century Institute of History, ■ IWM (A 4815) European history University of Warsaw ■ MM-43-01-32 (Osborne) in cooperation with The mission of the Hi-story ■ EverettCollection/EAST NEWS Julita Gredecka lessons’ project is to show ■ EverettCollection/EAST NEWS European history of the Teacher consultant ■ ApImages/EastNews 20th-century from different perspectives. Underlining the Substantive editing: need to teach history with an Prof. Jan Rydel awareness that neighbouring ENRS countries may possibly have a different viewpoint on the same historical fact is the project’s main Coordination: aim. With Hi-story lessons we Maria Naimska strive to challenge how teachers Weronika Kann and their students see the history ENRS of Europe — its diversity and complexity at times even with Graphic design: contrary opinions. Jasiek Krzysztofiak https://hi-storylessons.eu https://enrs.eu/ Proofreading: Darren Chastney ENRS is funded by: Ministry of Culture The infographics are funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a decision of the German Bundestag © Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed be downloaded may infographic This Network Remembrance and Solidarity. © Institute of European purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu educational and not-for-profit only for (citing its source) in unchanged form .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin: the Role of the Personal Factor in Success and Failure of the Grand Alliance
    Geoffrey Roberts Professor of Irish history at the national University of CORK, member of the Royal historical society, senior research fellow Nobel Institute Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin: The Role of the Personal Factor in Success and Failure of the Grand Alliance Introduction It is often said that Grand Alliance was forced into existence by Hitler and fell apart as soon as Nazi Germany was defeated. But neither the formation of the Grand Alliance nor its collapse was inevitable. Both were the result of personal choices by the leaders of the alliance. Without Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin there would have been no Grand Alliance against Hitler in the sense that we understand that term today.60 Hitler posed a dire existential threat to both Britain and the Soviet Union, and to the United States the prospect of perpetual conflict. Britain had been at war with Germany since September 1939 and it is not surprising that the three states formed a military coalition when Hitler attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941 and then, in December, declared war on the United States. But the Grand Alliance that developed during the war was much more than a military coalition of convenience; it was a far-reaching political, economic and ideological collaboration. At the heart of this collaboration were the personal roles, outlooks and interactions of the three heads of state. Without the personal alliance of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin – the Big Three as they became known during the war - the Grand Alliance would have been stillborn or would 60 “Grand Alliance” is the term commonly used in the west to describe the anti-Hitler coalition of Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Yalta Conference, 1945
    Yalta Conference, 1945 DIRECTOR CRISIS MANAGER MODERATOR Roberto Fusciardi Lucy Faria Leila Farrow CRISIS ANALYSTS Tammy Cheng Sheldon Stern Rachel DeGasperis Maeve Redmond UTMUN 2020 Yalta Conference, 1945 Contents Content Disclaimer 2 UTMUN Policies 3 Equity Concerns and Accessibility Needs 3 A Letter from Your Director 4 Background 5 The War 5 Previous Conferences 7 Setting 10 Topics 11 Germany 11 Poland 11 Japan 12 Eastern Europe 12 The United Nations 13 Points to Remember 15 Allies and Loyalty 15 War and Diplomacy 15 Leaders and Subordinates 15 Characters 15 Bibliography 16 1 UTMUN 2020 Yalta Conference, 1945 Content Disclaimer At its core, Model United Nations (MUN) is a simulatory exercise of diplomatically embodying, presenting, hearing, dissecting, and negotiating various perspectives in debate. Such an exercise offers opportunities for delegates to meaningfully explore possibilities for conflict resolution on various issues and their complex, even controversial dimensions – which, we recognize, may be emotionally and intellectually challenging to engage with. As UTMUN seeks to provide an enriching educational experience that facilitates understanding of the real-world implications of issues, our committees’ contents may necessarily involve sensitive or controversial subject matter strictly for academic purposes. We ask for delegates to be respectful, professional, tactful, and diplomatic when engaging with all committee content, representing their assigned country’s or character’s position, communicating with staff and other delegates, and responding to opposing viewpoints. The below content warning is meant to warn you of potentially sensitive or triggering topics that are present in the formal content of this background guide, as well as content that may appear in other aspects of committee (e.g., debate, crisis updates, directives), so that you can either prepare yourself before reading this background guide or opt-out of reading it entirely: Some of the content discussed in this guide and this committee deals with sensitive subject matter.
    [Show full text]
  • World War II
    World War II 1. What position did George Marshall hold during World War II? A. Commanding General of the Pacific B. Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army C. Army Field Marshall of Bataan D. Supreme Officer of European Operations 2. Which of the following best explains why President Harry S. Truman decided to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II? A. He wanted the war to last as long as possible. B. He wanted to wait for the USSR to join the war. C. He wanted Germany to surrender unconditionally. D. He wanted to avoid an American invasion of Japan. 3. What impact did the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor have on World War II? A. Italy surrendered and united with the Allies. B. The Pacific Charter was organized against Japan. C. Japan surrendered to the Allies the following day. D. It pulled the United States into World War II. 4. The picture above is an iconic image from World War II and symbolizes which of the following? A. the women who ferried supplies into combat areas during the war B. the millions of women who joined the workforce in heavy industry C. the important work done by Red Cross nurses during World War II D. the women who joined the armed forces in combat roles Battle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge, initially known as the Ardennes Offensive, began on December 16, 1944. Hitler believed that the coalition between Britain, France, and the United States in the western region of Europe was not very powerful and that a major defeat by the Germans would break up the Allied forces.
    [Show full text]
  • The Entry of Turkey Into World War Ii
    THE ENTRY OF TURKEY INTO WORLD WAR II by HARRY N. HOWARD * During World War II the Turkish Republic, as was natural in view of its strategic position at the international crossroads, was of great interest to both the Axis powers and the nations against them, including the United States. A nonbelligerent ally of Great Britain and France, based on the preliminary agreements of May-June 1939 and the treaty of October I g, 1939, as the war moved down through the Balkan Peninsula during 1940-1941, there was much with the attitude of Turkey, particularly after Italian entry into the struggle in June 1940 and the attack on Greece on October 28, 1940, and the advance of German forces into Rumania and then Bulgaria, with the ultimate Nazi aggression against Yugoslavia and Greece on April 5-6, 1941. During January-February 1941 President Roosevelt sent Col. William J. Donovan to this troubled region to stimulate resis- tance to the Nazis, and Turkey and the United States seemed in basic agreement to the outlook toward the war. But Turkey remained a nonbelligerent substantially until the end of the war, although Ame- rican entry into the conflict on December 7, 1941, without doubt, had a very positive influence in Ankara, and the defense of Turkey was declared vital to that of the United States under the Lend-Lease Act. * Harry N. Howard is Professor of Middle East Studies, The School of Inter- national Service, The American University, Washington, D. C., and a retired U.S. Foreign Service Officer. He is the author, inter alia, of 7-he Partition of Turkey (1931), The Problem of the Turkish Straits (1947), and The King-Crane Commission (1963).
    [Show full text]
  • What Americans Thought of Joseph Stalin Before and After World War II
    A Thesis entitled “Uncle Joe”: What Americans Thought of Joseph Stalin Before and After World War II by Kimberly Hupp A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of The Masters of Liberal Studies ______________________________ Advisor: Dr. Michael Jakobson ______________________________ College of Graduate Studies University of Toledo May 2009 1 2 An Abstract of “Uncle Joe”: What Americans Thought of Joseph Stalin Before and After World War II by Kimberly Hupp A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of The Master of Liberal Studies University of Toledo May 2009 A thesis presented on the American public opinion of Josef Stalin before and after World War II beginning with how Russia and Stalin was portrayed in the media before the war began, covering how opinions shifted with major events such as the famine, collectivization, the Great Terror, wartime conferences, the Cold War and McCarthyism. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................ii Table of Contents................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements .............................................................................................v List of Figures……………………………………………………………….vii List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………… .viii Introduction.........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Abrief History
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF RUSSIA i-xxiv_BH-Russia_fm.indd i 5/7/08 4:03:06 PM i-xxiv_BH-Russia_fm.indd ii 5/7/08 4:03:06 PM A BRIEF HISTORY OF RUSSIA MICHAEL KORT Boston University i-xxiv_BH-Russia_fm.indd iii 5/7/08 4:03:06 PM A Brief History of Russia Copyright © 2008 by Michael Kort The author has made every effort to clear permissions for material excerpted in this book. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kort, Michael, 1944– A brief history of Russia / Michael Kort. p. cm.—(Brief history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-7112-8 ISBN-10: 0-8160-7112-8 1. Russia—History. 2. Soviet Union—History. I. Title. DK40.K687 2007 947—dc22 2007032723 The author and Facts On File have made every effort to contact copyright holders. The publisher will be glad to rectify, in future editions, any errors or omissions brought to their notice. We thank the following presses for permission to reproduce the material listed. Oxford University Press, London, for permission to reprint portions of Mikhail Speransky’s 1802 memorandum to Alexander I from The Russia Empire, 1801–1917 (1967) by Hugh Seton-Watson.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 2 Superpower Relations and the Cold War C1941-‐91
    Year 11 Revision Period Study – Paper 2 Superpower Relations and the Cold War c1941-91 Revision Programme – Paper 2 Superpower Rivalry 1941-91 Paper 2 is one hour and forty five minutes long. It has two distinct sections ; Section A – Period Study - Superpower Rivalry 1941-91 ( 50 minutes) Section B – British Depth Study – Elizabethan England 1588-1601 (55 minutes) Section A – Three Questions. All assess AO1 and AO2. All rely on factual knowledge and understanding. Question 1- Explain two consequences of …. ( 8 marks) Allow 10 minutes for this answer. Write about two consequences – you only need to write half a page so be brief. Focus should only be on the effect of an event – good discourse markers to use would be as a result of; as a consequence; the effect was; so Question 2 Write a narrative account analysing… ( 8 marks) Allow 15 minutes. This answer expects a narrative explaining how events lead to an outcome. You are given two information prompts but are expected to add to this to gain the best marks. The key is to write an organised answer, putting events into the right order and most importantly showing how each event links to the next. There should be a clear beginning, middle and end to this response Question 3 Explain two of the following… the importance of xxx for …. ( 16 marks) Allow 25 minutes. You need to choose TWO from the three listed. You must explain the impact of an event – thinking what did this event lead to? What difference did this event make ? KEY TIP : Throughout revision focus on what events are; the effect they have on each other and the overall Cold War tensions.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Wars and Great Leaders: a Libertarian Rebuttal
    Great Wars and Great Leaders Great Wars and Great Leaders A Libertarian Rebual Ralph Raico Ludwig von Mie Intitute AUBURN,ALABAMA Copyright © 2010 by the Ludwig von Mises Institute Published under the Creative Commons Aribution License 3.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ludwig von Mises Institute 518 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn, Alabama 36832 Ph: (334) 844-2500 Fax: (334) 844-2583 mises.org 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: 978-1-61016-096-4 Dedicated to the memory of Murray N. Rothbard Lifelong mentor and friend Contents Foreword by Robert Higgs iii Introduction vii E 1 World War I: e Turning Point 1 2 Rethinking Churchill 53 3 Harry S. Truman: Advancing the Revolution 103 4 Marxist Dreams and Soviet Realities 143 5 Nazifying the Germans 157 R 6 Trotsky: e Ignorance and the Evil 165 7 e Two “Testaments” of American Foreign Policy 177 8 e Other War that Never Ends: A Survey of Some Recent Literature on World War I 185 9 Starving a People into Submission 197 10 John T. Flynn and the Apotheosis of Franklin Roosevelt 207 11 On the Brink of World War II 219 12 e Great War Retold 229 i Foreword by Robert Higgs For many years, I have described Ralph Raico as “my favorite his- torian.” When David eroux and I were making our plans in 1995 for the publication of a new scholarly quarterly, e Independent Review, and selecting the scholars we would ask to serve as associate editors, I knew that I would want one of them to be an excellent historian, and I knew also that the person I wanted most was Raico.
    [Show full text]
  • WWII, Cold War, Korea
    1301. D-Day June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. 1302. Stalingrad Site of critical World War II Soviet victory that reversed Germany's advance to the East. In late 1942, Russian forces surrounded the Germans, and on Feb. 2, 1943, the German Sixth Army surrendered. First major defeat for the Germans in World War II. 1303. Winston Churchill Prime minister of Great Britain during World War II. 1304. Casablanca Conference Jan. 14-23, 1943 - FDR and Chruchill met in Morocco to settle the future strategy of the Allies following the success of the North African campaign. They decided to launch an attack on Italy through Sicily before initiating an invasion into France over the English Channel. Also announced that the Allies would accept nothing less than Germany's unconditional surrender to end the war. 1305. Cairo Conference November, 1943 - A meeting of Allied leaders Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang Kai- Shek in Egypt to define the Allies goals with respect to the war against Japan, they announced their intention to seek Japan's unconditional surrender and to strip Japan of all territory it had gained since WW I. 1306. Tehran Conference December, 1943 - A meeting between FDR, Churchill and Stalin in Iran to discuss coordination of military efforts against Germany, they repeated the pledge made in the earlier Moscow Conference to create the United Nations after the war's conclusion to help ensure international peace.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the United Nations
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1947 The Development of the United Nations Martin Joseph Lowery Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Lowery, Martin Joseph, "The Development of the United Nations" (1947). Master's Theses. 646. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/646 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1947 Martin Joseph Lowery THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS Martin J.· Lowery A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Loyola University February 194? VITA Martin J. Lowery was born in vhicago Illinois, »ecember 23, 1919. He was graduated from Mt. varmel High School, Chicago, Illinois, in June, 1936. ~he Bachelor of Education degree was conferred by Chicago Teachers Oollege in June, 1941. From 1941 to 1943 the writer was em­ ployed as a photographer and Special Agent by the i'ederal Bureau of Investigation in Chicago, Illinois, nashington, D.C., and Norfolk, Virginia. J'rom 1944 to 1946 he was on active duty with the United ~tates Naval Reserve. During 1941, 1942, and 1946, the writer has devoted his time to graduate study in the field of History.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of the Cold War, 1941 - 1958 Key Events Key Words 1 1941 Formation of the Grand Alliance 24 Bolshevik Member of the Russia Bolshevik Party
    GWA HISTORY Knowledge Organiser - Topic : Origins of the Cold War, 1941 - 1958 Key Events Key Words 1 1941 Formation of the Grand Alliance 24 Bolshevik Member of the Russia Bolshevik party. 2 1943 Tehran Conference 25 Communism Ideology followed by USSR. Believed all property should be shared 3 1945 Yalta and Potsdam Conferences between the people. State control of industry. 26 Capitalism Ideology followed by USA. Believed individuals should be able to 4 1945 The USA explodes first atomic bombs. become privately wealthy. Private ownership of industry. 5 1946 Churchill makes Iron Curtain speech. 27 Free trade All countries free to trade with each other without barriers. 6 1946 Kennan’s long telegram. 28 Comecon Organisation coordinating economies of Soviet satellite states. 7 1947 Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan launched. 29 Cominform Organisation to exchange information between Soviet satellite states. 8 1947 Setting up of Cominform. 30 Containment US policy of opposing expansion of Communism into non-Communist countries. 9 1948 Beginning of Berlin Blockade. 31 coup A sudden seizure of power from a government. 10 1949 Setting up of Comecon. .32 De-Stalinisation Elimination of the influence of Stalin. 11 1949 End of Berlin blockade. 12 1949 Formation of Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) 33 H-bomb A hydrogen bomb. An explosive weapon of enormous destructive power. 13 1949 Formation of German Democratic Republic (East Germany) 34 Marshall Aid US program of economic assistant to Europe after WWII. 14 1949 Formation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) 35 Marshall Plan System of loans from USA to European countries to help recovery from 15 1955 Setting up of Warsaw Pact.
    [Show full text]