CISNP 2008: Concluding Remarks
S. T. Petcov SISSA/INFN, Trieste, Italy, and IPMU, University of Tokyo, Japan INRNE, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
CISNP08, University of South Carolina Columbia, U.S.A. May 17, 2008 Symposium in honor of Frank Avignone, Ettore Fiorini and the late Peter Rosen
Google: Frank Avignone; Results: 588 000 Frank T. Avignone, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South • Carolina 712 Main Street Columbia, South Carolina 29208, (803) 777-6933 ... www.physics.sc.edu/FacultyStaff/Bravignone.html USC physicist Frank Avignone • Physics professor Frank Avignone joined USC faculty 40 years ago, but it will be another decade, he hopes, before you read about his retirement ... www.sc.edu/usctimes/articles/2005-02/frank.avignone.html ORAU News: Frank Avignone Receives ORAU Outstanding Leadership Award • Frank T. Avignone III, Carolina Endowed Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of South Carolina, received the Oak Ridge Associated ... www.orau.org/news/releases/2003/fy03-14.htm ORLaND • V., Avignone, F. T., Mezzacappa, A., 2000. International Symposium on Neutrino Physics in Honor of Frank Avignone, Columbia, South Carolina, 10-12 Mar 2000. ... www.nu.to.infn.it/exp/all/orland/ [0711.4808] The MAJORANA 76Ge neutrino less double-beta decay ... • From: Frank Avignone III Thu, 29 Nov 2007 19:40:56 GMT (776kb). Link back to: arXiv, ... export.arxiv.org/abs/0711.4808 LBNL CUORE Group • Frank T. Avignone (USC), (803)777-6933, [email protected]. Ettore Fiorini* (Milan University), 39 02 64482432,2424 / 2463 (fax), ettore.fi[email protected] ... www- rnc.lbl.gov/ nxu/cuore/cuore.lbnl.html Axions • Frank T. Avignone (USC) and W. Haxton (UW). ... K. Zioutas, C.E. Aalseth, D. Abriola, F.T. Avignone, R.L. Brodzinski, J.I. Collar, R. Creswick, ... col- largroup.uchicago.edu/projects/axion/index.html
Supernova science at spallation neutron sources discussions with Frank Avignone, • John Beacom, Jeff Blackmon, Dick Boyd, David Dean,. Yuri Efremenko, Jon En- gel, George Fuller, Wick Haxton, Ken Lande, ... www.iop.org/EJ/article/0954- 3899/29/11/008/g3.11.008.pdf
TAUP 2003 - Convener Contacts • Frank Avignone, [email protected]; Hiro Ejiri, [email protected] Jouni Suhonen, [email protected].fi int.phys.washington.edu/taup2003/contacts.html
SUMMARY of the 1 MEETING OF THE LSC SCENTIFIC COMMITTEE Hotel ... • Aprile, Frank Avignone (Chair), Laura Baudis, Yves Declais, Juan Fuster, .... Juan Fuster and Frank Avignone. ezpc00.unizar.es/lsc/LSC-MINSC1-08.pdf
Fulbright US Scholar Directory: Alphabetical Index Avignone, Frank Titus III; Physics • and Astronomy; Italy. B. Baar, Kenneth K.; Architecture; Albania. Baer, Adela S.; Biological Sciences; Malaysia ... www.cies.org/schlr-directories/usdir01/us-dir-name.htm
Campaign Donors : Fundrace 2008 - Huffington Post Columbia SC. Democrat, Frank • Avignone Professor, University of South Carolina. Updated Q4/2007 Hillary Clinton 390, 950 WORDSWORTH DR ... fundrace.huffingtonpost.com/neighbors. Sticky Security: Smart Cards Versus Magnetic Stripe Credit Cards ...11 apr • 2007 ... Frank Avignone Chairman International Smart Card Alliance ... Coun- cil. www.identitytheftsecrets.com/videos/sticky-security-smart-cards-versus- magnetic- stripe.html
Francia - Lotte e repressione (2007). Un punto sulla situazione ... • Due ... Avignone, accusati dell’incendio della sede del .... Frank ed Ines, sono fermati il 23 ... www.informa-azione.info/ francia-lotte-e-repressione-un-punto-sulla-situazione
CD Baby: MELISSA FAHN: F. Avignone The nine songs on ”F. Avignone” make up a • song cycle that takes the listener on a dynamic ... guitarists Chris Clermont and Jamie Findlay, bassists Derek Frank, ... cdbaby.com/cd/melissafahn
The Transporter Script - transcript from the screenplay and/or... • “We need you Avignone to take us to ... The deal was this far and no further. .... You’re breaking the rules, Frank. Not good to break the rules. ...” www.script-o- rama.com/movie-scripts/t/transporter-script-transcript-jason-statham.html Frank Avignone: Early (pre GOOGLE) Activi- ties
Frank was trained as a nuclear physicist in the early 1960s • He met Fred Reines in 1965; Frank’s interest in neutrinos dates from that period. • Played important role in the interpretation of the results of the ν¯e e elastic scattering − − experiment of Gurr, Reines and Sobel at Savannah River P-Reactor.
In 1978 Frank met Ettore Fiorini; became interested in improving the sensitivity of Ge • detectors for fundamental physics. Started to work with Ron Brodzinski and the Pacific Northwest Lab. group in lowering the background in Ge detectors by several orders of magnitude. In 1987, the group had published the first terrestrial sensitive search for CDM, which eliminated Dirac neutrinos as the dominant component of the CDM in the halo of our galaxy. Used these unique detectors to search for axions from the Sun.
Late 80’ies until now - (ββ)0ν period: IGEX, CUORICINO, CUORE, MAJORANA. •
Google: Ettore Fiorini; Results: 63.800 Universita degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca - FIORINI ETTORE FIORINI ETTORE. • professore ordinario. Settore scientifico disciplinare:. Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucle- are E Subnucleare. Dipartimento: ... www.unimib.it/go/Home/Pagine-Speciali/Elenco- Docenti/FIORINI-ETTORE
Current Academic Responsibilities:
Direttore dei Laboratori di Radioattivita‘ e di Criogenia.
Other Professional Responsabilities:
Responsabile nazionale degli esperimenti ”Mibeta” e ”Cuore”. Coordinatore del Network Europeo sui Rivelatori Termici.
Particle physicists plumb the depths for Roman lead - 13 July 1991 ... • The physicists, Gianni Fiorentini and Ettore Fiorini, want the lead for exper- iments that are of critical importance in particle physics and cosmology. ... www.newscientist.com/article/mg13117772.600- particle-physicists-plumb-the-depths- for-roman-lead-.html QUANTUM CALORIMETRY - Semiconductor thermistors • Using NTD germanium thermistors and tin absorbers, Ettore Fiorini and his group at the University of Milan currently hold the resolution record for ... phonon.gsfc.nasa.gov/qcal/qcal-semi.html
History of Quantum Calorimetry
Calorimetry has been used since the early days of nuclear physics to measure the inte- grated energy of various radioactivities. By the mid 1930’s, the sensitivity of cryogenic operation had been recognized, and small calorimeters were operated at temperatures as low as 50 mK. These devices must have been very nearly capable of detecting individual particle or gamma ray events, but the earliest published reference that we have found to using them in this mode is the 1974 account by Tapio Niinikoski* of spurious pulses on a carbon resistance thermometer readout, which he associated with local heating due to the passage of individual cosmic rays.
The first experimental development coincidentally began simultaneously on both sides of the Atlantic in 1982. In Milan, Ettore Fiorini had been working on detecting neutrinoless double beta decay and, intrigued by a suggestion in a preprint by Guenakh Mitselmakher that the betas might be detected thermally, went to Niinikoski to investigate the practi- cality of this idea. They devised an approach that was developed into the first successful physics experiment using thermal spectrometers, obtaining a new lower limit for the life- time for double beta decay in 130Te measured with 340 g TeO2 ingots in a dilution refrigerator in the Gran Sasso laboratory. Premio Enrico Fermi 2007 della Societa Italiana di Fisica • Motivazioni: a Ettore Fiorini per il contributo alla scoperta delle correnti deboli neutre e allo studio dei neutrini solari. www.sif.it/SIF/it/portal/attivita/concorsi
Ortvay Kollokvium • Ettore Fiorini (Dipt. di Fisica, Universita Milano-Bicocca) (Recepient of the Marx Medal): ”The neutrinoless beta decay and the nature of neutrino” ... ortvay-koll.elte.hu/Programs/Abstracts/marx-emlek2008tavasz.abs.html
IUPAP COMMISSION C12: 1999-2002 • E-mail: [email protected]. JONSON, B. (1996) Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Goeteborg, SWEDEN. ... www.physics.adelaide.edu.au/itp/C12/C12.html
Peer review committee • Ettore Fiorini. INFN Milan. ettore.fi[email protected]. G. Smadja. IPN Lyon. [email protected]. Joe Silk. Nuclear and Astrophysics Laboratory ... appec.in2p3.fr/pages/peer.htm COMUNICATO STAMPA (Press release) 11 febbraio 2008 • “L’occhio” nucleare rivela: Napoleone non e stato avvelenato” “The nuclear “eye” reveals: Napoleon was not poisoned” 11 feb 2008 ... Ettore Fiorini, docente di Fisica Nucleare all’ Universita‘ Milano Bicocca e ... e-mail: ettore.fi[email protected]. Ezio Previtali ... www.ricercaitaliana.it/stdoc/pdfnapoleon.pdf
FOXNews.com - Arsenic Poisoning Ruled Out in Napoleon’s Death ... • Feb 13, 2008 ... The researchers, including Ettore Fiorini of the Italian Na- tional Institute of Nuclear Physics and the University of Milano-Biccoca, ... www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,330450,00.html
Napoleon didn’t die from arsenic poisoning - Telegraph Drs Ettore Fiorini and Ezio Previtali of INFN, who did the study with Angela Santagostino of the University of Milan at a small nuclear reactor at the ... www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/02/11/scinap111.xml
Il Sole 24 ORE: finanza, economia, esteri, valute, borsa e fisco • Ettore Fiorini, ordinario di Fisica nucleare e subnucleare all’Universita‘ Milano Bicocca, che da molti anni studia i processi rari legati alla radiazione ... www.ilsole24ore.com
Attualita‘ - Ettore Fiorini • Ettore Fiorini su Wikio. ... Siamo spiacenti ma non abbiamo trovato notizie recenti a proposito di Ettore Fiorini. Suggerimenti: ...www.wikio.it/news/Ettore+Fiorini YouTube - culo di Ettore • Hello, you either have JavaScript turned off or an old version of Adobe’s .... culo di Fiorini. 00:04 From: diegoambrosetti. Views: 339 ... www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dl- 1udwR8wEfeature=related
Photo Blog Pull Out Ravenna • Ettore ... il mitico ETTORE !!! ... FIORINI si stira !!! JOIN THE GANG 15.03.2008 !!! www.pulloutfoto.splinder.com Ettore Fiorini: Early (pre GOOGLE) Activities
1960’ies
Spent one year at Duke University with M. Bloch • Strong interactions physics: π N interactions leading to multipion final states studied • − with heavy (propane and freon) liquid bubble chamber BP3; done in collaboration with A. Lagarrigue and the french groups related to him.
Weak interactions: • studies (with A. Pullia and E. Bellotti) of the properties of neutral and charged K’s: Ke3 decay.
76 In 1963 started the first (ββ)0 -decay experiment with Ge. • ν 1970’ies
Neutrino Physics at CERN (Gargamelle Collab., with Lagarrique): • observation of purely leptonic NC weak interaction; observation of ν N NC weak interaction; − neutrino oscillations; precocius scaling in CC interactions; hyperon production by antineutrinos; charm production. 1980’ies
Parity violatin effects in nuclar physics • Proton decay (Mont Blanc tunnel) • Late 1980’ies - now
Solar neutrinos (GALLEX/GNO) •
(ββ)0ν-decay wiht cryo-bolometers (CUORICINO, CUORE) •
Peter Rosen
Compelling Evidence for ν Oscillations: 3-ν mixing −
3 νlL = Ulj νjL l = e, µ, τ. jX=1
B. Pontecorvo, 1957; 1958; 1967; Z. Maki, M. Nakagawa, S. Sakata, 1962; PMNS Matrix: Standard Parametrization
1 0 0 i α21 U = V 0 e 2 0 i α31 0 0 e 2
iδ c12c13 s12c13 s13e− iδ iδ V = s12c23 c12s23s13e c12c23 s12s23s13e s23c13 − − iδ − iδ s12s23 c12c23s13e c12s23 s12c23s13e c23c13 − − − s sin θ , c cos θ , θ = [0, π ], • ij ≡ ij ij ≡ ij ij 2 δ - Dirac CP-violation phase, δ = [0, 2π], • α21, α31 - the two Majorana CP-violation phases. • 2 2 5 2 2 > ∆m ∆m21 =∼ 7.6 10− eV > 0, sin θ12 =∼ 0.32, cos 2θ12 0.26 (2σ), • ≡ × ∼ 2 2 3 2 2 ∆m ∆m = 2.4 (2.5) 10 eV , sin 2θ23 = 1, • | atm| ≡ | 31| ∼ × − ∼ 2 θ13 - the CHOOZ angle: sin θ13 < 0.033 (0.050 (0.063)) 2σ (3σ). • A.Bandyopadhyay, S.Choubey, S.Goswami, S.T.P., D.P.Roy, arXiv:0804.4857; T. Schwetz, arXiv:0710.5027 sgn(∆m2 ) = sgn(∆m2 ) not determined • atm 31 ∆m2 ∆m2 > 0, normal mass ordering atm ≡ 31 ∆m2 ∆m2 < 0, inverted mass ordering atm ≡ 32 Convention: m1 < m2 < m3 - NMO, m3 < m1 < m2 - IMO
m1 m2 m3, NH, m3 m1 < m2, IH, 2 2 > m1 =∼ m2 =∼ m3, m1,2,3 >> ∆matm, QD; mj 0.10 eV. ∼
Majorana phases α , α : • 21 31 – ν ν , ν¯ ν¯ not sensitive; l l0 l l0 ↔ ↔ S.M. Bilenky, J. Hosek, S.T.P.,1980; P. Langacker, S.T.P., G. Steigman, S. Toshev, 1987
–
Determination of the nature - Dirac or Majorana, of ν . • j Determination of sgn(∆m2 ), type of ν mass spectrum • atm −
m1 m2 m3, NH, m3 m1 < m2, IH, 2 2 > m1 =∼ m2 =∼ m3, m1,2,3 >> ∆matm, QD; mj 0.10 eV. ∼
Determining, or obtaining significant constraints on, the absolute scale of νj- • masses, or min(mj).
Status of the CP-symmetry in the lepton sector: violated due to δ (Dirac), • and/or due to α21, α31 (Majorana)?
Measurement of, or improving by at least a factor of (5 - 10) the existing upper • 2 limit on, sin θ13.
2 2 High precision determination of ∆m , θ , ∆matm, θatm. • Searching for possible manifestations, other than νl oscillations, of the non- conservation• of L , l = e, µ, τ, such as µ e + γ, τ µ−+ γ, etc. decays. l → → Understanding at fundamental level the mechanism giving rise to the ν masses • − and mixing and to the L non-conservation. Includes understanding l− – the origin of the observed patterns of ν-mixing and ν-masses ;
– the physical origin of CP V phases in UPMNS ;
2 – Are the observed patterns of ν-mixing and of ∆m21,31 related to the exis- tence of a new symmetry?
– Is there any relations between q mixing and ν mixing? Is θ12 + θc=π/4 ? − − – Is θ23 = π/4, or θ23 > π/4 or else θ23 < π/4? – Is there any correlation between the values of CP V phases and of mixing angles in UPMNS? Progress in the theory of ν-mixing might lead to a better understanding of the o•rigin of the BAU. (ββ) Decay Experiments: 0ν− - Majorana nature of νj - Type of ν mass spectrum (NH, IH, QD) − - Absolute neutrino mass scale
3 H β-decay, cosmology: mν (QD, IH) - CPV due to Majorana CPV phases
ν Dirac or Majorana particles, fundamental problem j− ν Dirac: conserved lepton charge exists, L = Le + Lµ + Lτ , ν = ν¯ j− j 6 j νj Majorana: no lepton charge is exactly conserved, νj ν¯j − 2 2 ≡ The observed patterns of ν mixing and of ∆matm and ∆m can be related to
Majorana νj and an approximate− symmetry:
L0 = Le Lµ Lτ − − S.T.P., 1982 See-saw mechanism: ν Majorana j− Establishing that νj are Majorana particles would be as important as the discovery of ν oscillations. − If ν Majorana particles, U contains (3-ν mixing) j− PMNS δ-Dirac, α21, α31 - Majorana physical CPV phases
ν-oscillations ν ν , ν¯ ν¯ , l, l0 = e, µ, τ, l l0 l l0 are not sensitive↔to the nature↔ of ν , • j S.M. Bilenky, J. Hosek, S.T.P.,1980; P. Langacker et al., 1987 provide information on ∆m2 = m2 m2, but not on the absolute values • jk j − k of νj masses. The Majorana nature of ν can manifest itself in the existence of ∆L = 2 j processes:
+ + + K π− + µ + µ → + µ− + (A, Z) µ + (A, Z 2) → − The process most sensitive to the possible Majorana nature of νj - (ββ)0ν- decay
(A, Z) (A, Z + 2) + e− + e− → of the even-even nuclei, 48Ca, 76Ge, 82Se, 100Mo, 116Cd, 130Te, 136Xe, 150Nd. 2n from (A,Z) exchange a virtual Majorana νj (via the CC weak interac- tion) and transform into 2p of (A,Z+2) and two free e−. e- Nuclear 0νββ-decay n ν− p A,Z+2 A,Z ν n p
e-
strong in-mediummodificationof the basic process − − dd → uue e (ν¯eν¯e)
c o n tin u u m
virtual excitation - 2
- 1 of states of all multipolarities
+ 1 + + 0 in (A,Z 1) nucleus
+ 0
(A ,Z + 1 ) + 0 (A ,Z )
(A ,Z + 2 )
V. Rodin, talk at Gran Sasso, 2006
A(ββ)
2 2 iα21 2 iα31
α21, α31 - the two Majorana CPVP of the PMNS matrix.
CP-invariance: α21 = 0, π, α31 = 0, π;
iα21 iα31 η21 e = 1, η31 e = 1 ≡ ≡ relative CP-parities of ν1 and ν2, and of ν1 and ν3 . L. Wolfenstein, 1981; S.M. Bilenky, N. Nedelcheva, S.T.P., 1984; B. Kayser, 1984. A(ββ)
2 2 iα 2 2 iβ
2 2 2 iα 2
2 iα 2 >
θ12 θ , θ13-CHOOZ; α α21, β + 2 δ α31. ≡ ≡ ≡ CP-invariance: α = 0, π, β = 0, π; M
3
Claim for a positive signal at > 3σ: H. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus et al., PL B586 (2004),
0.1 IH
0.01 |
0.001 NH 1e-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 m MIN [eV]
S. Pascoli, S.T.P., 2008
The current 2σ ranges of values of the parameters used. 1
QD
0.1 IH
|
0.001 NH 1e-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 m MIN [eV] S. Pascoli, S.T.P., 2008
2 2 2 2 sin θ13 = 0.015 0.006; 1σ(∆m ) = 4%, 1σ(sin θ ) = 4%, 1σ( ∆matm ) = 6%; | | 2σ(
0.04
0.03 13 θ 2 sin 0.02
0.01
0 0.002 0.0022 0.0024 0.0026 ∆ 2 2 m A [eV ]
S. Pascoli, S.T.P., 2007
3 NH spectrum,
The Troitzk and Mainz 3H β-decayexperiments
mνe < 2.3 eV (95% C.L.) There are prospects to reach sensitivity
KATRIN : mν 0.2 eV e ∼ Cosmological and astrophysical data: the WMAP result combined with data from large scale structure surveys (2dFGRS, SDSS)
mj Σ < (0.4 1.7) eV ≡ − j X The WMAP and future PLANCK experiments can be sensitive to
mj =∼ 0.4 eV j X Data on weak lensing of galaxies by large scale structure, combined with data from the WMAP and PLANCK experiments may allow to determine
mj : δ =∼ 0.04 eV. j X Mν from the See-Saw Mechanism P. Minkowski, 1977. M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond, R. Slansky, 1979; T. Yanagida, 1979; R. Mohapatra, G. Senjanovic, 1980.
Explains the smallness of ν masses. • − Through leptogenesis theory links the ν mass generation to the generation • − of baryon asymmetry of the Universe YB. S. Fukugita, T. Yanagida, 1986.
In SUSY GUT’s with see-saw mechanism of ν mass generation, the LFV decays • −
µ e + γ, τ µ + γ, τ e + γ , etc. → → → are predicted to take place with rates within the reach of present and future experiments. F. Borzumati, A. Masiero, 1986.
The νj are Majorana particles; (ββ)0ν decay is allowed. • − See-Saw: Dirac ν-mass mD + Majorana mass MR for NR The See-Saw Lagrangian
lep N (x) = CC(x) + Y(x) + (x) , L L L LM
g α CC = lL(x) γα νlL(x) W †(x) + h.c. , L − √2 c Y(x) = λ N (x) H†(x) ψ (x) + Y H (x) l (x) ψ (x) + h.c. , L il iR lL l R lL 1 N (x) = M N (x) N (x) . LM − 2 i i i T ψlL - LH doublet,ψlL = (νlL lL), lR - RH singlet, H - Higgs doublet. Basis: M = (M1, M2, M3); D diag(M1, M2, M3), Dν diag(m1, m2, m3). R N ≡ ≡ mD generated by the Yukawa interaction:
ν = λ N H†(x)ψ (x), v = 174 GeV, v λ = m complex −LY il iR lL D −
For MR - sufficiently large, 2 T 1 diag mν v λ M − λ = U ∗ m U † . ' R PMNS ν PMNS T Yν λ = √D R √Dν (UPMNS) /vu, all at M ; R-complex, R R = 1. ≡ N † R J.A. Casas and A. Ibarra, 2001 In GUTs, M < M , M 1016 GeV; R X X ∼ in GUTs, e.g., M = (109, 1012, 1015) GeV, m 1 GeV. R D ∼ Leptogenesis
nB nB¯ 11 10 Y = − 8.6 10 (nγ: 6.3 10 ) B S ∼ × − ∼ × − 2 YB = 10− ε κ ∼ − W. Buchm¨uller, M. Pl¨umacher, 1998; W. Buchm¨uller, P. Di Bari, M. Pl¨umacher, 2004 1 3 7 κ– efficiency factor; κ 10− 10− : ε > 10− . ∼ − ∼ ε: CP , L violating asymmetry generated in out of equilibrium NRj decays in − − − the early Universe,
+ + Γ(N1 Φ ` ) Γ(N1 Φ ` ) ε = − − 1 → + − → + Γ(N1 Φ ` ) + Γ(N1 Φ ` ) → − → − M.A. Luty, 1992; L. Covi, E. Roulet and F. Vissani, 1996; M. Flanz et al., 1996; M. Pl¨umacher, 1997; A. Pilaftsis, 1997. κ = κ(m), m - determines the rate of wash-out processes:
+ + + Φ + ` N1, ` + Φ Φ + ` , etc. − →f f − → − W. Buchmuller, P. Di Bari and M. Plumacher, 2002; G. F. Giudice et al., 2004 Two-Flavour Regime: Individual asymmetries
9 12 Assume: M1 M2 M3, 10 < M1 ( T ) < 10 GeV, ∼ ∼ ∼ 1/2 3/2 Im m m U U R1 R1 3M1 j,k j k l∗j lk j k ε = 1l 2 2 −16πv P mj R1j j | |
P 2 2 2 λ1l v 1/2 ml | | = R1kmk Ul∗k , l = e, µ, τ . ≡ M1 k X Thef baryon asymmetry is 12 417 390 YB 2 η m2 + τ η mτ , ' −37g 589 589 ∗ 1 f 1 f3 1.16 − ml − 0.2 10− eV − η (ml) + × . ' 8.25 10 3 eV m × − l ! f f Y = (12/37) (Y2 + Yτ ), f B −
Y2 = Ye+µ, ε2 = ε1e + ε1µ, m2 = m1e + m1µ A. Abada et al., 2006; E. Nardi et al., 2006 f g g A. Abada et al., 2006 M1 M2 M3, m1 m2 m3 (NH)
Dirac CP-violation
α32 = 0 (2π), β23 = π (0); β23 β12 + β13 arg(R12R13). ≡ ≡
2 2 2 R12 = 0.85, R13 = 1 R12 = 0.15 - maximise τ and Y : | | ∼ | | − | | ∼ | | | B|
13 s13 M1 YB = 2.8 10− sin δ . | | ∼ × | | 0.2 109 GeV 11 11 YB > 8 10− , M1 < 5 10 GeV imply | | ∼ × ∼ ×
sin θ13 sin δ > 0.11 , sin θ13 > 0.11 . | | ∼ ∼ The lower limit corresponds to
2 JCP > 2.4 10− | | ∼ ×
FOR α32 = 0 (2π), β23 = 0 (π):
2 sin θ13 sin δ > 0.09 , sin θ13 > 0.09 ; JCP > 2.0 10− | | ∼ ∼ | | ∼ × M1 M2 M3, m1 m2 m3 (NH)
Majorana CP-violation
δ = 0, real R12, R13 (β23 = π (0));
2 2 2 α32 = π/2, R12 = 0.85, R13 = 1 R12 = 0.15 - maximise τ and Y : ∼ | | ∼ | | − | | ∼ | | | B|
2 12 ∆m31 M1 YB = 2 10− . | | ∼ × 0.05 eV 109 GeV p ! 11 10 We get YB > 8 10− , for M1 > 3.6 10 GeV | | ∼ × ∼ × 15
12.5
L 10 11 10 7.5 B Y H 5
2.5
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ∆
M1 M2 M3, m1 m2 m3; Dirac CP-violation, α32 = 0; 2π; 2 2 real R12, R13, R12 + R13 = 1, R12 = 0.86, R13 = 0.51, sign (R12R13) = +1; | | | | | | | | i) α32 = 0 (κ0 = +1), s13 = 0.2 (red line) and s13 = 0.1 (dark blue line); ii) α32 = 2π (κ0 = 1), s13 = 0.2 (light blue line); 11 − M1 = 5 10 GeV. × S. Pascoli, S.T.P., A. Riotto, 2006. 0.04
0.02
CP 0 J
-0.02
-0.04
-11.5 -11 -10.5 -10 -9.5 -9 Log Y 10 B
11 M1 M2 M3, m1 m2 m3; M1 = 5 10 GeV; × Dirac CP-violation, α32 = 0 (2π); R12 = 0.86, R13 = 0.51, sign (R12R13) = +1 ( 1) (β23 = 0 (π), κ = +1); | | | | − 0 The red region denotes the 2σ allowed range of YB. S. Pascoli, S.T.P., A. Riotto, 2006. 30
25
20 L 11
10 15 B Y
H 10
5
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Α21
11 M1 M2 M3, m3 m1 < m2; M1 = 2 10 GeV; × Majorana CP-violation, δ = 0; 2 2 purely imaginary R11R12 = iκ R11R12 , κ = 1, R11 R12 = 1, R11 = 1.2; | | − | | − | | | | s13 = 0 (blue line) and 0.2 (red line). S. Pascoli, S.T.P., A. Riotto, 2006. -9.8
-9.9
B -10 Y 10 -10.1 Log -10.2
-10.3
0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 mΝ eV
11 M1 M2 M3, m3 m1 < m2; M1 = 2 10 GeV; È×X \È Majorana CP-violation, δ = 0, s13 = 0; 2 2 purely imaginary R11R12 = iκ R11R12 , κ = +1 R11 R12 = 1, R11 = 1.05. | | | | − | | | | The Majorana phase α21 is varied in the interval [ π/2, π/2]. − S. Pascoli, S.T.P., A. Riotto, 2006. Conclusions Determining the nature - Dirac or Majorana, of massive neutrinos is of funda- mental importance for understanding the origin of neutrino masses.
The see-saw mechanism provides a link between ν-mass generation and BAU. Majorana CPV phases in UPMNS: (ββ)0ν-decay, YB. Any of the CPV phases in UPMNS can be the leptogenesis CPV parameters.
Obtaining information on Dirac and Majorana CPV is a remarkably challenging problem.
Dirac and Majorana CPV may have the same source.
Low energy leptonic CPV can be directly related to the existence of BAU.
Understanding the status of the CP-symmetry in the lepton sector is of funda- mental importance.
These results underline further the importance of the experiments aiming to mea- sure the CHOOZ angle θ13 and of the experimental searches for Dirac and/or Majorana leptonic CP-violation at low energies. To Frank and Ettore:
Happy Anniversary!
Thank you for being the driving force in the field of (ββ)0ν-decay reserach and inspiration for the younger generation of researchers working in this field.
My best wishes for personal happiness and many professional successes!