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Presentazione Professor Fiorini Trends in searches on ultrarare events 1. Neutrino oscillations and mass 2. Rare decays or interactions => Reduction of environmental background 3. Direct detection of dark matter 4. The second mystery of Ettore Majorana 5. Conclusion. Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 1 Neutrino oscillations Sterile neutrinos LSND,Miniboon,Gallex,reactors Great discovery requires great evidence (P. de Bernardis) Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 2 Measurement of the neutrino mass decay Present 2 eV => KATRIN .2 eV decay .3-.5 eV => .03-.05 eV Cosmology .23-1.08 eV Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 3 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 4 RARE events ? One of the main problem => background Cosmic rays => underground physics Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 5 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 6 Where to go ? Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 7 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 8 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 9 The Jin Ping Laboratory (700 m.w.e) Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 10 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 11 CUORICINO Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 12 Radioactivity Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 13 Searches for direct interactions of Weakly Interacting Massive particles (WIMPS) Galactic WIMPs interact on a nucleus depositing tens to hundreds of keV of kinetic e nergy to a single nucleus. Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini J-Lanfranchi Thermal detectors Q T Thermal sensor CV v T 3 CV 1944 ( ) J/K vm absorber crystal Incident particle Energy resolution <1 eV ~ 1eV @ 6 keV ~10 eV ~keV @ 2 MeV Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 15 Evidence of a seasonal variation by DAMA/LIBRA Positive => CRESST,Cogent, CDMS II silicon? Negative => CDMS II, Xenon100,Picasso, COUPP Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 16 ROSEBUD SrF2 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 18 The second mystery of Ettore Majorana Majorana in solid state physics ! Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 19 Dirac or Majorana neutrino? : LEFT RIGHT : → → Majorana <= => =>1937 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 20 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 21 Double beta decays 2nbb SM DL=0 1935 M.Goeppert-Mayer, P.R. 48 (1935) 512 T>1020 1967: 130Te, Geochemical Ogata and Takaoka, Kirsten et 1987: 82Se, Direct counting Moe et al . 1989 -2008 100Mo, 116Cd, 76Ge etc. ELEGANT V, NEMO, HM-IGEX, etc Majorana, Nuovo Cimento 14 (1937) 171 Symmetric Theory of Electron and Positron G. Racah, Nuovo Cimento 14 (1937) 322 0nbb for Majorana Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 22 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 23 - 1. (A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e + 2 e Two neutrino double beta decay Allowed by the standard model Found in eleven nuclei ( 130Xe is new!) to ground state and in two to excited state 2. (A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e- + ( …2,3 ) Emission of a massless Goldston boson named Majoron (Gelmini and Roncadelli) 3. (A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e- Neutrinoless double beta decay. The two electrons share the total transition energy E1 + E2 => E => a peak appers in the sum spectrum of the two electrons Other possible “L=2” decays - Double positron decay => + + - Positron decay + Electron Capture => EC- + - Double electron capture => EC-EC Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 24 Two neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decay Measurement of the CP phase in the decay Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 25 How to search for decay Geochemical experiments 82Se = > 82Kr, 96Zr = > 96Mo, 128Te = > 128Xe (non confirmed), 130Te = > 130Te Radiochemical experiments 238U = > 238Pu (non confermato) Direct experiments Source = detector Source detectors e- e- Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 26 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 27 21 EXO-200 => 2.71±0.017(stat.)±0.06(sys.)×10 yr. Kamland-Zen 2.38 ± 0.02(stat) ± 0.14(syst) × 1021 yr GERDA I 1.84 +0.14 -10(stat) × 1021 yr Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 28 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 29 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 30 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 31 Nuclear Matrix Elements Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 32 Bracking news then 0 in 76Ge <m> ~ 0.34eV Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 33 And now 0 in 76Ge Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 34 Bracking news unpleasant F.Iachello => S.Dell’Oro and F.Vissani Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 35 Quenching g A from 2decay Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 36 Future experiments on DBD Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 37 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 38 Scintillation Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 39 CUORICINO CUORE0 CUORE Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 40 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 41 Now a competitor AMORE Advanced Mo based Rare process Experiment Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 42 And Now a Dream Detection of relic neutrinos WMAP Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 43 DASI Inverse beta decay Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 44 NEVER SAY NEVER (James Bond) Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 45 There are more things in Earth and Heaven , Polonius, that can be dreamt of by your Philosophy Hamlet Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 46.
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