Presentazione Professor Fiorini
Trends in searches on ultrarare events
1. Neutrino oscillations and mass
2. Rare decays or interactions => Reduction of environmental background
3. Direct detection of dark matter
4. The second mystery of Ettore Majorana
5. Conclusion.
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 1 Neutrino oscillations
Sterile neutrinos LSND,Miniboon,Gallex,reactors Great discovery requires great evidence (P. de Bernardis) Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 2 Measurement of the neutrino mass
decay
Present 2 eV => KATRIN .2 eV
decay .3-.5 eV => .03-.05 eV
Cosmology .23-1.08 eV
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 3 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 4 RARE events ?
One of the main problem => background
Cosmic rays => underground physics
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 5 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 6 Where to go ?
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 7 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 8 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 9 The Jin Ping Laboratory (700 m.w.e)
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 10 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 11 CUORICINO
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 12 Radioactivity
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 13 Searches for direct interactions of Weakly Interacting Massive particles (WIMPS) Galactic WIMPs interact on a nucleus depositing tens to hundreds of keV of kinetic e nergy to a single nucleus.
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini J-Lanfranchi Thermal detectors Q T Thermal sensor CV
v T 3 CV 1944 ( ) J/K vm absorber crystal
Incident particle
Energy resolution <1 eV ~ 1eV @ 6 keV ~10 eV ~keV @ 2 MeV
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 15 Evidence of a seasonal variation by DAMA/LIBRA Positive => CRESST,Cogent, CDMS II silicon? Negative => CDMS II, Xenon100,Picasso, COUPP
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 16 ROSEBUD SrF2
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 18 The second mystery of Ettore Majorana
Majorana in solid state physics !
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 19 Dirac or Majorana neutrino?
: LEFT
RIGHT :
→ → Majorana <= => =>1937
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 20 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 21 Double beta decays
2nbb SM DL=0 1935 M.Goeppert-Mayer, P.R. 48 (1935) 512 T>1020 1967: 130Te, Geochemical Ogata and Takaoka, Kirsten et 1987: 82Se, Direct counting Moe et al . 1989 -2008 100Mo, 116Cd, 76Ge etc. ELEGANT V, NEMO, HM-IGEX, etc
Majorana, Nuovo Cimento 14 (1937) 171 Symmetric Theory of Electron and Positron
G. Racah, Nuovo Cimento 14 (1937) 322 0nbb for Majorana
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 22 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 23 - 1. (A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e + 2 e Two neutrino double beta decay Allowed by the standard model Found in eleven nuclei ( 130Xe is new!) to ground state and in two to excited state
2. (A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e- + ( …2,3 ) Emission of a massless Goldston boson named Majoron (Gelmini and Roncadelli)
3. (A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e- Neutrinoless double beta decay. The two electrons share the total
transition energy E1 + E2 => E => a peak appers in the sum spectrum of the two electrons
Other possible “L=2” decays - Double positron decay => + + - Positron decay + Electron Capture => EC- + - Double electron capture => EC-EC
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 24 Two neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decay
Measurement of the CP phase in the decay Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 25 How to search for decay
Geochemical experiments 82Se = > 82Kr, 96Zr = > 96Mo, 128Te = > 128Xe (non confirmed), 130Te = > 130Te Radiochemical experiments 238U = > 238Pu (non confermato)
Direct experiments
Source = detector Source detectors
e-
e-
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 26 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 27 EXO-200 => 2.71±0.017(stat.)±0.06(sys.)×1021 yr. Kamland-Zen 2.38 ± 0.02(stat) ± 0.14(syst) × 1021 yr GERDA I 1.84 +0.14 -10(stat) × 1021 yr
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 28 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 29 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 30 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 31 Nuclear Matrix Elements
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 32 Bracking news then 0 in 76Ge
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 33 And now 0 in 76Ge
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 34 Bracking news unpleasant F.Iachello => S.Dell’Oro and F.Vissani
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 35 Quenching g A from 2decay
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 36 Future experiments on DBD
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 37 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 38 Scintillation
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 39 CUORICINO CUORE0 CUORE
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 40 Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 41 Now a competitor AMORE Advanced Mo based Rare process Experiment
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 42 And Now a Dream Detection of relic neutrinos
WMAP
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 43 DASI Inverse beta decay
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 44 NEVER SAY NEVER (James Bond)
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 45 There are more things in Earth and Heaven , Polonius, that can be dreamt of by your Philosophy Hamlet
Rome Sept.22,2014 Ettore Fiorini 46