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Study of the Physicochemical Quality of Water in the Sebi-Ponty Basin at Diamniadio (Senegal)

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Study of the Physicochemical Quality of Water in the Sebi-Ponty Basin at Diamniadio (Senegal) International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-4, Issue-8, August 2017 Study of the physicochemical quality of water in the Sebi-Ponty basin at Diamniadio (Senegal) Ibrahima Thiam, Séni Tamba, Elhadji Bamba Diaw, Gregoire Sissoko Abstract— The Sebi-Ponty dam has a basin that is widely turbidity, color, temperature, conductivity, pH, hardness, used by the population for agro-pastoral activities (animal alkalinity, nitrite, iron, phosphate, boron and chlorine. watering, agriculture, etc.). This basin covers an average area of 106,000 m2 and an average depth of 7 m or about a volume of II. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDIED AREA 435,000 m3. The origin of the water is rainfall (runoff and direct descent). The availability of water is estimated to eight months taking into account the water being drawn, infiltration and 1.1 Location evaporation. A qualitative knowledge of the contents of this pool will be a great benefit to those activities of the population. It’s in Dam Sebi-Ponty is located in the municipality of Diamniadio this context that this study was carried out by this group of under the administrative authority of Rufisque department in researchers, following physic-chemical compositions were Dakar region. targeted: turbidity, color, temperature, conductivity, pH, The dam is located at a distance of thirty-five (35) kilometers hardness; alkalinity, nitrite, iron, phosphate, boron, and from the city of Dakar and between the turnpike and the N ° 1 chlorine concentrations. The physico-chemical results obtained on samples taken in in particular in the industrial area Diamniadio, 17 ° 11 the basin between October and December showed that the longitude West and 14 ° 43 North latitude. concentrations of boron, iron and nitrite exceeded the levels The following figure 1 gives an overview of the position of recommended by the standard for agro pastoral needs. While the basin. turbidity, color, temperature, conductivity, pH, hardness, alkalinity, phosphate and chlorine are at acceptable levels. Index Terms— Sebi-Ponty, water quality, alkalinity, pH, nitrite, iron, boron, animal drinking, agriculture, household needs.. I. INTRODUCTION In order to facilitate the supply of drinking water and watering the gardens of the former William Ponty School, dam Sebi-Ponty was built in 1937 by the State of Senegal. This dam is now actively used by the populations of Diamniadio and Sébikhotane for agro-pastoral and fish farming activities. On the other hand, although it is very useful for the population, this basin is confronted with problems of filling (or drying) [1, 2], and above all to control the positive or negative impact of water quality on the activities of the population. It's in this context that this study was designed to give some Figure1: Sebi-Ponty basin Site answers to this problem. In this study, we will conduct an analysis of the 1.2 History physico-chemical composition of water from the dam after presentation of the study area. The target parameters are Dam Sebi-Ponty was built in 1937 to facilitate drinking water supply and watering the gardens of the former William Ponty School. It had been ceded in 1952 and was rehabilitated by the Ministry of Justice for the exploitation of a 20-ha perimeter as Ibrahima Thiam, Laboratory for Water and Environmental Sciences and part of the social reintegration policy for juvenile delinquents. Technology (LaSTEE), Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) BP A10 Thies, Senegal Séni Tamba, Laboratory for Water and Environmental Sciences and 1.3 Study area climate Technology (LaSTEE), Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) BP A10 Thies, The study area is characterized by a tropical climate marked Senegal by the alternation of two seasons: - a rainy seasons of three (3) Elhadji Bamba Diaw, Laboratory for Water and Environmental Sciences months from June to October. During this period, the Alize and Technology (LaSTEE), Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) BP A10 Thies, Senegal and Mousson winds from Sainte Helene, enter the country Gregoire Sissoko, Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, with an important moisture load; Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal 80 www.ijeas.org Study of the physicochemical quality of water in the Sebi-Ponty basin at Diamniadio (Senegal) - a dry season of nine (9) months; this period is swept by the transparency. Turbid water is more or less disorder. In Harmattan and Alize continental hot dry wind. limnology (physicochemical and biological study of lakes), The average annual rainfall for Dakar region between 1985 the transparency of a water is measured according to the and 2014 is 401.30 mm, with a large variation over the last ten maximum depth at which a submerged object can be (10) years. The days of precipitation per year are very low perceived distinctly [5, 6]. Table 1 below shows the turbidity with an average of 25 days. results. This confirms that the water potential of the area is similar to that of the country (Senegal) greatly reduced in recent Table1 : Turbidity in “fau” of Sebi-Ponty Lake between decades. Intervals between 5 and 100 years are sufficient for October and December determining the annual rainfall [3, 4]. Depth October November December The thermal regime of the zone is characterized by relatively above 500 500 500 low temperatures with two (2) seasons. The cold season from 0,5 m 500 500 500 December to March and the hot season between April and 1 m 500 500 500 November. The results show that the Sebi-Ponty basin has a turbidity that III. QUALITY OF WATER exceeds 500 FAU.This high turbidity is caused by the presence of suspended matter in the water. These materials In this section, we will study some physico-chemical may include clay, silt, plankton, fine particles of organic and properties of the sebi-ponty basin. inorganic matter, and microscopic organisms from the erosion An analysis of some important parameters considered for of bare soil through runoff and the multiple avian species at agriculture or harmful to agricultural development, pastoral the edge of the basin. and fisheries will be made, in order to judge the quality of the 1.3.2 Color water.Water stored in a basin with the soil composition is Natural waters are always more or less colorful. Their colors dominated as a whole, by fine sand and clay. range from straw yellow to barely perceptible to reddish brown, depending on the nature and concentration of coloring 1.1 Materials used matter. These materials are often naturally or come from the degradation of plant materials: wood, lignin, bark, tannin [6]. The samples and tests were carried out with a material made In Table 2 below, we present the results of color measurement of a water analysis briefcase including a conductivity meter of samples in the Sébi-Ponty basin. with a built-in thermometer, a cooler for storing samples, a HANNA pH meter, water samplers for sampling in depth and Table2 : Colors in pt-co of Sebi-Ponty Lake between October 500 ml bottles with labels to mention the origin, location, date and December and time of sampling. Depth October November December In the laboratory, we used an AL 800 spectrophotometer, above 56 46 49 reagents for different dosages, bowls, agitators, beakers, 0,5 m 42 42 48 flasks and pipettes. 1 m 47 47 48 1.2 Methodology We observe that the interval of the coloration observed varies Different locations were identified in the basin for sampling at from one month to another. It is strong as a whole with a different times in order to make the results as representative as minimum of 42 (pt-Co) and a maximum of 56 (pt-Co).The possible. Three sampling campaigns were conducted between acceptable potable limit value of water is 15 (pt-Co) [6,7], October and December. All samples were held between 11am values that we exceed by far in our pool. Colored water is and 1 pm in October, November and December, at different suspect for consumption regardless of its qualities. depths through the water samplers. The cooler was used to keep the samples in the vials, and this 1.3.3 Temperature to avoid a temperature change that would result in chemical Key physical parameter, temperature acts strongly on reactions that may change the chemical composition of water. chemical and biological processes within a lake. In Table 3 Some parameters such as pH, conductivity and temperature below, we present the results of measuring the temperature at were measured on site, and the other analyzes were done in the time of the samples taken in the Sebi-Ponty basin. laboratory. 1.3 Presentation and interpretation of results Table3 : Temperatures in °C of Sebi-Ponty Lake between October and December In this section, we present the results of the different quality Depth October November December analysis. Results will be compared to standards of above 31,4 32,5 25,3 agro-pastoral used and analysis of the positive or negative 0,5 m 31,4 31,9 25,7 consequences will be done. The target parameters are: 1 m 30,9 33,3 25,2 turbidity, color, temperature, conductivity, pH, hardness, alkalinity, iron, phosphate, boron, chlorine and nitrite. The analysis of these results shows an average of 32 ° C 1.3.1 Turbidity between the months of October and November.This average Turbidity is one of the most important properties of natural decreases slightly during the month of December to 25.4 ° C waters; it is defined as the inverse of the clarity or coinciding with the onset of cold in Senegal.These variations 81 www.ijeas.org International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-4, Issue-8, August 2017 in the thermal water regime strongly affect the distribution of Water with a pH of less than 5 may cause excessive living species.
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