Ancient Egypt
Pyramid at Saqqara
Ancient Egypt
Obelisk
Ancient Egypt
Bent Pyramid
Ancient Egypt
Mastaba tombs
Ancient Egypt
Abu Simbel Ancient Egypt
Pyramid at Giza
Ancient Greek
Minoan Palace
Ancient Greek
The Caryatids
Ancient Greek
The Ionic Order
Ancient Greek
The Doric Order Ancient Greek
Acropolis
Ancient Greek
Agora -the meeting place where citizens shopped, discussed politics and issues of Athens
Ancient Greek
The Corinthian Order
Ancient Greek
Parthenon 447 BC, Athens
Ancient Roman
Colosseum Ancient Roman
House: Peristyle
Ancient Roman
Pont du Gard, Roman Gaul (now the South of France.) 1st century AD
Ancient Roman
Temple of Fortuna
Ancient Roman
Pantheon 118-128 AD, Rome
Ancient Roman
Temple of the Vesta 1st century BC Ancient Roman
Petra (Jordan)
Ancient Rome
Library of Celsus, Ephesus, Anatolia, Turkey
Ancient Rome
Domus
Ancient Rome
Basilica: Courthouse
Ancient Rome
Maison Carre 4-7AD, Nimes, France. Ancient Rome
Imperial Forum
Art Deco
(1925-1945) Chrysler Building. Decorative spandrel panels, bas relief panels, strong vertical form, stainless steel
Art Moderne
1920 to 1940 - Adaptations of the popular forms used on commercial buildings of the time (like New York City's Chrysler Building).
Art Nouveau
Casa Batlló 1877 Antoni Gaudi
Art Nouveau
1899-1902- Musee Horta, Dining Room. Brussels, Belgium. Archt: Victor Horta. Art Nouveau Modernisme
During 1890's to 1910's, it was architecture that attempted to copy elements of nature. Architects like Antonio Gaudi in Spain created works of art with his architecture.
Art Nouveau Modernisme
Sagrada Familia March 19, 1882
Arts & Craft
William Morris House. The red house. 1859
Baroque
The Palace of Versailles 1623-1770
Baroque
St. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Rome Borromini 1634 Baroque
St. Andrea al Quirinale 1658-70 Rome Bernini
Baroque
St. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1634 Dome
Baroque
St. Ivo alla Sapienza 1642-50 Rome. Borromini
Beaux Art
Beaux Art, 1875 - Paris, France. The Paris Opera. Grand. Archt: Garnier
Blobitecture
Late 20th / 21st-century design movement in which all or part of the building has a bio-morphic form. Brutalism
Palace of the Assembly in Chandigarh 1947
Byzantine
St. Mark's Basilica 1063. A style of buildings with features such as large domes on square bases, rounded arches, spires, and mosaics
Byzantine
Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) 537 AD, Emperor Justinian I. Designed by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles
Cape Cod
1920s to 1940s - This cottage style is a subset of the Colonial Revival style. It's modeled after the simple houses of colonial New England, though early examples were almost always shingled, while 20th century examples can be clapboard, stucco, or brick. Many houses of the post World War II building boom were of this style, including many of the 17,400 cottages in Levittown, New York, the country's first housing development.
Chateau Sur-le-Mer
LATE VICTORIAN, 1872 - Chateau Sur-le-Mer, Newport, RI, French Ren. Revival, Mansard Roof. Richard Morris Hunt, Archt. Chinese
Pagoda
Chinese
Temple of Heaven 1406 to 1420 Yongle Emperor
Chinese
Great Wall
Chinese
Forbidden City 1406 to 1420 Yongle Emperor
Chinese
Chinese temple Classic Revival Style
(1890-1930) temple front with pediment, entablature, and columns
Colonial Revival
1880 to 1955 - The American Centennial celebrations of 1876 brought about a want for the lifestyle of our country's past, including early house styles. But rather than copy those houses directly, architects McKim, Mead, and White mixed and matched details from several early styles, including Dutch Colonial, Georgian, and Federal. This is one of the country's most classic styles because millions of examples still stand today due to the building of "McMansions" of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Craftsman
1905 to 1930 - Followers of the Arts and Crafts movement (started in England in the late 19th century), particularly California architects emphasized the beauty of hand-crafted natural materials over Victorian-era excesses. The style also grew out of Frank Lloyd Wright's work in the Prairie style at the turn of the 20th century.
Deconstructivism
It is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure's surface, shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture.
Deconstructivism
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Frank Gehry, Spain Deconstructivism
Frank Gehry House, 1978
Early Christian
Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, 432-40 AD
Early Christian
period from c. 320-600
Early Christian
Santa Costanza Rome c.350AD.
Early Christian
San Vitale, Ravenna, 540-8 Early Christian
Old St. Peters Basilica 318 and 322
Federal Style
1780 to 1820 - This style is based almost entirely on the English "Adamesque" style architecture, which took characteristics from ancient Roman architecture. This was the first style of homes in the United States, and it had a place in nearly every part of the country. This style was particularly found in bustling urban areas like Salem, Massachusetts.
Federal Style
(1780-1820) multi-paned windows, louvered shutters, lintels, gabled roof, brick facade, chimney
Folk Victorian
1870 to 1910 - As the industrial age made machine-cut wood details affordable and available to the average American, homeowners added mass-produced decorative trim (called gingerbread) to their small, simple folk cottages to dress them up in the style of the day.
French Revival
1915 to 1945 - American soldiers serving in France during World War I would have seen many houses with these characteristics in the French countryside. Like the Tudor Revival, which it resembles, the style was most popular in the growing suburbs of the 1920s. Geodesic Dome
American Pavilion" - EXPO 67, Montreal
Georgian
1700 to 1780 - This architecture style is based on earlier European styles, which emphasized classical Greek and Roman shapes. These houses could be found in every part of the colonies in the 18th century.
Gothic
St-Denis cathedral 1140-1145, Paris
Gothic
Chartres Cathedral
Gothic
San Denis Cathedral 1135 Paris Gothic
Type of European architecture that developed in the Middle Ages, characterized by flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, thin walls, and high roofs.
Gothic
Florence Cathedral Bell tower by Giotto Completed in 1359
Gothic Revival
Houses of Parliament 1835
Gothic Revival
1840 to 1880 - This style is another trend that started in England and made its way to the U.S. The style mimics the shapes found on Medieval churches and houses, and is almost always found in rural areas.
Greek Revival
1825 to 1860 - Americans, newly familiar with Greek democracy, built civic buildings that looked like Greek temples. The fashion for columns and pediments seeped into residential architecture as far as the most rural farmland. High Renaissance
Palladian Window
High Renaissance
St. Peters Basilica April 18, 1506
High Renaissance
Four Books of Architecture, 1570 Andrrea Palladio
Industrial Revolution
Wainwright Building, Louis Sullivan, St. Louis
Industrial Revolution
Eiffel Tower Industrial Revolution
1850-54 - London Crystal Palace, From Central Transept Toward North Transept, Archt: Paxton, Joseph
Indus Valley
Great Bath. Mohenjo Daro. Pakistan
Indus Valley
Drains and Toilet. Mohenjo Daro
Indus Valley
Citadel, Mohenjo Daro. Pakistan
Indus Valley
Residential Area, Mohenjo Daro International Style
1924 - Bauhaus School. Dessau, Germany. Brass and Silver Tea Sets. Marianne Brandt.
International Style
Habitat '67
International Style
Farnsworth House 1945 and 1951
International Style
Ronchamp Chapel, completed in 1954 Le Courbusier, France
International Style
Toronto City Hall 1958 International Style
Seagram Building, 1958 Mies van der Rohe, New York
International Style
1925 to present - The style took its name from a 1932 exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art that showed the new work of European Bauhaus architects like Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Before World War II, it was most popular in California (where this house by Richard Neutra is located) and in wealthy Northeast suburbs.
International Style
IIT Crown Hall, 1956, Chicago, Illlinois
International Style
German Pavilion, 1929 Barcelona
International Style
Glass House 1949 International Style
1924 - Schroder House. Utrecht, Holland. Archt: Gerrit Rietveld
International Style
MODERN, 1958 - Segram Building. New York, NY. Mies Vander Rohe
International Style
Fagus Shoe Company 1911 - 1913
International Style
20th century. Associated with Le Corbusier- simplicity and elegance of design came to influence the look of modern office buildings and skyscrapers.
International Style
Villa Savoye 1928 and 1931 International Style
Unite d'habitation 1947
Islamic Architecture
Minaret
Islamic Architecture
Ablutions Fountain
Islamic Architecture
Shah Mosque (Imam Mosque), 1611
Islamic Architecture
Ka'bah Islamic Architecture
Alhambra, Granada Spain, a small fortress in AD 889, rebuilt in the mid-13th century
Islamic Architecture
Multi-Domed Mosques
Islamic Architecture
Iwan Mosques
Islamic Architecture
Minbar
Islamic Architecture
Taj Mahal, India Islamic Architecture
Courtyard
Islamic Architecture
Mihrab
Islamic Architecture
Dome of the Rock - 685-691 AD, Old City of Jerusalem
Islamic Architecture
The Great Mosque at Damascus (706-15)
Italianate
(1840-1880) bracketed cornice, window hoods, corbelled brick Italianate
1840 to 1885 - Modeled after a fashion started in England, this style rejected the rigid rules of classical architecture and instead looked to the more informal look of Italian rural houses. Ironically, the style became very popular as an urban townhouse.
Log Cabin
Up to the 1850s - These early settler houses went up quickly, using the most abundant material around - wood, used to protect against the harsh weather. This house was common in the middle Atlantic colonies.
Meso America
Warrior Columns with Butterfly Breastplates
Meso America
Hieroglyph Mayan Calendar
Meso America
Caracol Observatory Meso America
Temple of the Great Jaguar
Meso America
Tulum
Meso America
Ball Court
Meso America
Temple of the Frescoes
Meso America
El Castillo Mesopotamia
Ziggurat at Ur - 2100 BC
Mesopotamia
Hammurabi Steele
Mesopotamian
The City State of Ur, Iraq
Mesopotamian
Ishtar Gate
Mesopotamian
Residential area Ur, Iraq Neo-Classical
style of art in late 18th and early 19th centuries, characterized by simple, symmetrical forms of ancient Greek and Roman art.
Neoclassical
1895 to 1950 - The World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 featured a classical theme, sparking a renewed interest in Greek and Roman architecture. The style is closely related to Colonial Revival, as both look back on a time in American architecture when classical forms dominated.
Neolithic Period
Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England. 3000 B.C. - 2000 B.C
Neolithic Period
Skara Brae, Scotland 3180 BCE-2500 BCE
Neolithic Period
Catal Huyuk - flourished in 7000 BC with a population of 10,000 Organic Architecture
Johnson Wax Building 1936 to 1939
Organic Architecture
Kaufman House, FallingWater Pennsylvania. 1935
Organic Architecture
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1959 F.L. Wright, New York
Organic Architecture
Taliesin West 1937
Postmodern
Vanna Venturi House 1962 -1964 Postmodern
1977 - The Pompidou Center. Paris, France. Archts: Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers.
Postmodern
Buildings combine pleasant-looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and to create new spaces that are more people friendly than their modernist predecessors.
Prairie House
1907 - Robie House, Chicago, IL. Archt.; Frank Lloyd Wright. Modern Style.
Prehistoric
time in human history before writing introduced documentation
Prehistoric
Lascaux Cave circa 17,300 Prehistoric
Terra Amata about 400,000 BC
Prehistoric Era in Canada
Igloo
Prehistoric Era in Canada
L'Anse aux Meadows 1000 AD
Prehistoric Era in Canada
Long House
Prehistoric Era in Canada
Wigwam Prehistoric Era in Canada
Teepee
Prehistoric Era in Canada
Plank House
Pueblo Revival
1910 to present - These houses have their roots in adobe houses built by Native Americans and Spanish colonial settlers in the Southwest. The style prevails in that part of the country, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico where originals survive.
Queen Anne
1880 to 1910 - This style is what most people would call "Victorian" and is the first product of the American Industrial Age. After the Civil War, many factories converted to make metal house parts and the machinery to cut wood trim. The railroads brought these products to all regions at an affordable price. The invention of air heating removed the need for rooms structured around stoves and fireplaces, meaning new shapes emerged. Advances in paint technology introduced vibrant new colors.
Queen Anne Style
(1876-1900) bay window or turret, roof cresting, leaded glass transoms Ranch
1930s to 1960s - Loosely based on Spanish colonial houses in the Southwest, this style of house is a creation because of the use of cars. When homeowners began using their cars for transportation, they could put their houses farther apart on larger plots of land. This was one of the most popular house forms of the second half of the 20th century.
Renaissance
Palazzo Medici 1445, Michelozzo
Renaissance
Built during the 1400's with a large dome, columns, triangular niches, round windows, arches, courtyard, Basilica.
Renaissance
De re aedificatoria 1452, "10 Books on Architecture"
Renaissance
Cathedral of Florence "Dome" by Brunelleschi 1296-1469 Renaissance
Pazzi Chapel
Renaissance Revival
LATE VICTORIAN, 1887 - Boston, MA. Boston Public Library. Archts: McKim, Mead, and White, Renaissance Palazzo Style.
Richardson Romanesque
1879 - Ames Free Library. Easton, MA,
Richardson Romanesque
Auditorium Building Hotel, Completed in 1889 Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler
Richardson Romanesque
1880 to 1900 - Closely related to the Queen Anne and Shingle styles, these houses are always stone or brick. Though civic buildings were built earlier in this style, it didn't show up in houses until the popular architect Henry Hobson Richardson started his practice in New York and Boston in the 1870s. Rococo
1718-44 - Wurzburg Residenz (Palace), Court of Honor Façade. Germany. Archt: Balthasar Neumann
Rococo
Everything is elegant and stylish, sculpture, goes along with the building, churches avoid stained glass, sculptures are placed everywhere, painted figures on ceilings.
Rococo
Amalienburg Palace, 1734-1739 Munich, Germany, Décor: Zimmermann & Dietrich,
Romanesque
Cluny Abbey Reconstruction 910 AD
Romanesque
St. Sernin Cathedral 1080 and 1120 Romanesque
Mont Saint-Michel, 11th century, France
Romanesque
Krak des Chevaliers, Syria 1142-1220
Romanesque
Pisa cathedral 1063
Romanesque
Florence Cathedral Baptistry of San Giovanni 1059 to 1128
Romanesque
Toulouse. Basilica Of St.-Sernin 1080 and 1120. Relating to a style of architecture that prevailed in Europe circa 900-1200, although sometimes dated back to the end of the Roman Empire (5th century). Romanesque Style
(1880-1900) heavy arches, rough wall material
Romantic
Royal Pavillion, England 1786
Romanticism
Royal Crescent 1774
Romanticism
Houghton Hall 1722 - 1735
Saltbox
1607 to early 1700s - These houses existed around New England. Their steep roof pitch is a form of thatching. Early settlers learned that wood shingles were better for snow and rain. Few originals of these houses are still standing - those few left are in museums, like this house in East Hampton, New York. Second Empire
1855 to 1885 - The style is closely related to Italianate, but is always characterized by its mansard roof, named for the 17th-century French architect, François Mansart. The style name refers to France's second empire—the reign of Napoleon III from 1852-1870, during which the mansard roof was popular.
Second Empire Style
(1850-1890) mansard roof, paired arched windows, ornate cornice
Shingle
1880 to 1900 - A style mostly popular along the coast in the Northeast, these houses were usually large architects' masterpieces - free-form mansions built into the rocks and hills of the shore.
Spanish Colonial Revival
1915 to 1940 - The Panama-California Exposition in San Diego in 1915 featured the California pavilion, a building with details borrowed from Spanish, Mission, and Italian architecture. The style was to the Southwest and Florida what the Colonial Revival and Tudor were to the Northeast and Midwest: an incredibly popular style that filled out the suburbs in the years after World War I.
Sustainable
Architecture with zero energy consumption (i.e. independent from the energy grid supply) and created using materials that are renewable and local. Tapestry Brick Style
(1900-1930) patterned brickwork, crowning parapet wall, square topped windows
Tudor Revival
1890 to 1940 - Mostly a medieval style, these houses have details that relate to early English architecture. Though the style began in the late 19th century, it was immensely popular in the growing suburbs of the 1920s. A version of Tudor came back into architecture in the late 20th century.
Tudor Style
A house with the half-timbered style look (probably its most dominant characteristic). These style homes feature steeply pitched gables at the front and sides; tall, narrow windows, usually placed in groups, with many small panes; and massive chimneys. Stucco, brick, and stone are among the most commonly used exterior wall surfaces.