Ancient Egypt

Pyramid at Saqqara

Ancient Egypt

Obelisk

Ancient Egypt

Bent Pyramid

Ancient Egypt

Mastaba tombs

Ancient Egypt

Abu Simbel Ancient Egypt

Pyramid at Giza

Ancient Greek

Minoan Palace

Ancient Greek

The Caryatids

Ancient Greek

The Ionic Order

Ancient Greek

The Doric Order Ancient Greek

Acropolis

Ancient Greek

Agora -the meeting place where citizens shopped, discussed politics and issues of Athens

Ancient Greek

The Corinthian Order

Ancient Greek

Parthenon 447 BC, Athens

Ancient Roman

Colosseum Ancient Roman

House: Peristyle

Ancient Roman

Pont du Gard, Roman Gaul (now the South of France.) 1st century AD

Ancient Roman

Temple of Fortuna

Ancient Roman

Pantheon 118-128 AD, Rome

Ancient Roman

Temple of the Vesta 1st century BC Ancient Roman

Petra (Jordan)

Ancient Rome

Library of Celsus, Ephesus, Anatolia, Turkey

Ancient Rome

Domus

Ancient Rome

Basilica: Courthouse

Ancient Rome

Maison Carre 4-7AD, Nimes, France. Ancient Rome

Imperial Forum

Art Deco

(1925-1945) Chrysler Building. Decorative spandrel panels, bas relief panels, strong vertical form, stainless steel

Art Moderne

1920 to 1940 - Adaptations of the popular forms used on commercial buildings of the time (like New York City's Chrysler Building).

Art Nouveau

Casa Batlló 1877 Antoni Gaudi

Art Nouveau

1899-1902- Musee Horta, Dining Room. Brussels, Belgium. Archt: Victor Horta. Art Nouveau

During 1890's to 1910's, it was that attempted to copy elements of nature. Architects like Antonio Gaudi in created works of art with his architecture.

Art Nouveau Modernisme

Sagrada Familia March 19, 1882

Arts & Craft

William Morris House. The red house. 1859

Baroque

The Palace of Versailles 1623-1770

Baroque

St. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Rome Borromini 1634 Baroque

St. Andrea al Quirinale 1658-70 Rome Bernini

Baroque

St. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1634 Dome

Baroque

St. Ivo alla Sapienza 1642-50 Rome. Borromini

Beaux Art

Beaux Art, 1875 - Paris, France. The Paris Opera. Grand. Archt: Garnier

Blobitecture

Late 20th / 21st-century design movement in which all or part of the building has a bio-morphic form. Brutalism

Palace of the Assembly in Chandigarh 1947

Byzantine

St. Mark's Basilica 1063. A style of buildings with features such as large domes on square bases, rounded arches, spires, and mosaics

Byzantine

Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) 537 AD, Emperor Justinian I. Designed by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles

Cape Cod

1920s to 1940s - This cottage style is a subset of the Colonial Revival style. It's modeled after the simple houses of colonial , though early examples were almost always shingled, while 20th century examples can be , stucco, or brick. Many houses of the post World War II building boom were of this style, including many of the 17,400 cottages in Levittown, New York, the country's first housing development.

Chateau Sur-le-Mer

LATE VICTORIAN, 1872 - Chateau Sur-le-Mer, Newport, RI, French Ren. Revival, Mansard . Richard Morris Hunt, Archt. Chinese

Pagoda

Chinese

Temple of Heaven 1406 to 1420 Yongle Emperor

Chinese

Great Wall

Chinese

Forbidden City 1406 to 1420 Yongle Emperor

Chinese

Chinese temple Classic Revival Style

(1890-1930) temple front with pediment, entablature, and columns

Colonial Revival

1880 to 1955 - The American Centennial celebrations of 1876 brought about a want for the lifestyle of our country's past, including early house styles. But rather than copy those houses directly, architects McKim, Mead, and White mixed and matched details from several early styles, including Dutch Colonial, Georgian, and Federal. This is one of the country's most classic styles because millions of examples still stand today due to the building of "McMansions" of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Craftsman

1905 to 1930 - Followers of the Arts and Crafts movement (started in England in the late 19th century), particularly California architects emphasized the beauty of hand-crafted natural materials over Victorian-era excesses. The style also grew out of Frank 's work in the Prairie style at the turn of the 20th century.

Deconstructivism

It is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure's surface, shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture.

Deconstructivism

Guggenheim Museum , , Spain Deconstructivism

Frank Gehry House, 1978

Early Christian

Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, 432-40 AD

Early Christian

period from c. 320-600

Early Christian

Santa Costanza Rome c.350AD.

Early Christian

San Vitale, Ravenna, 540-8 Early Christian

Old St. Peters Basilica 318 and 322

Federal Style

1780 to 1820 - This style is based almost entirely on the English "Adamesque" style architecture, which took characteristics from ancient Roman architecture. This was the first style of homes in the United States, and it had a place in nearly every part of the country. This style was particularly found in bustling urban areas like Salem, .

Federal Style

(1780-1820) multi-paned windows, louvered shutters, lintels, gabled roof, brick facade, chimney

Folk Victorian

1870 to 1910 - As the industrial age made machine-cut wood details affordable and available to the average American, homeowners added mass-produced decorative trim (called gingerbread) to their small, simple folk cottages to dress them up in the style of the day.

French Revival

1915 to 1945 - American soldiers serving in France during World War I would have seen many houses with these characteristics in the French countryside. Like the Tudor Revival, which it resembles, the style was most popular in the growing suburbs of the 1920s. Geodesic Dome

American Pavilion" - EXPO 67, Montreal

Georgian

1700 to 1780 - This architecture style is based on earlier European styles, which emphasized classical Greek and Roman shapes. These houses could be found in every part of the colonies in the 18th century.

Gothic

St-Denis cathedral 1140-1145, Paris

Gothic

Chartres Cathedral

Gothic

San Denis Cathedral 1135 Paris Gothic

Type of European architecture that developed in the Middle Ages, characterized by flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, thin walls, and high roofs.

Gothic

Florence Cathedral Bell tower by Giotto Completed in 1359

Gothic Revival

Houses of Parliament 1835

Gothic Revival

1840 to 1880 - This style is another trend that started in England and made its way to the U.S. The style mimics the shapes found on Medieval churches and houses, and is almost always found in rural areas.

Greek Revival

1825 to 1860 - Americans, newly familiar with Greek democracy, built civic buildings that looked like Greek temples. The fashion for columns and pediments seeped into residential architecture as far as the most rural farmland. High Renaissance

Palladian Window

High Renaissance

St. Peters Basilica April 18, 1506

High Renaissance

Four Books of Architecture, 1570 Andrrea Palladio

Industrial Revolution

Wainwright Building, Louis Sullivan, St. Louis

Industrial Revolution

Eiffel Tower Industrial Revolution

1850-54 - Crystal Palace, From Central Transept Toward North Transept, Archt: Paxton, Joseph

Indus Valley

Great Bath. Mohenjo Daro. Pakistan

Indus Valley

Drains and Toilet. Mohenjo Daro

Indus Valley

Citadel, Mohenjo Daro. Pakistan

Indus Valley

Residential Area, Mohenjo Daro International Style

1924 - School. Dessau, . Brass and Silver Tea Sets. Marianne Brandt.

International Style

Habitat '67

International Style

Farnsworth House 1945 and 1951

International Style

Ronchamp Chapel, completed in 1954 Le Courbusier, France

International Style

Toronto City Hall 1958 International Style

Seagram Building, 1958 Mies van der Rohe, New York

International Style

1925 to present - The style took its name from a 1932 exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art that showed the new work of European Bauhaus architects like Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Before World War II, it was most popular in California (where this house by is located) and in wealthy Northeast suburbs.

International Style

IIT Crown Hall, 1956, , Illlinois

International Style

German Pavilion, 1929 Barcelona

International Style

Glass House 1949 International Style

1924 - Schroder House. Utrecht, Holland. Archt: Gerrit Rietveld

International Style

MODERN, 1958 - Segram Building. New York, NY. Mies Vander Rohe

International Style

Fagus Shoe Company 1911 - 1913

International Style

20th century. Associated with Le Corbusier- simplicity and elegance of design came to influence the look of modern office buildings and .

International Style

Villa Savoye 1928 and 1931 International Style

Unite d'habitation 1947

Islamic Architecture

Minaret

Islamic Architecture

Ablutions Fountain

Islamic Architecture

Shah Mosque (Imam Mosque), 1611

Islamic Architecture

Ka'bah Islamic Architecture

Alhambra, Granada Spain, a small fortress in AD 889, rebuilt in the mid-13th century

Islamic Architecture

Multi-Domed Mosques

Islamic Architecture

Iwan Mosques

Islamic Architecture

Minbar

Islamic Architecture

Taj Mahal, India Islamic Architecture

Courtyard

Islamic Architecture

Mihrab

Islamic Architecture

Dome of the Rock - 685-691 AD, Old City of Jerusalem

Islamic Architecture

The Great Mosque at Damascus (706-15)

Italianate

(1840-1880) bracketed cornice, window hoods, corbelled brick Italianate

1840 to 1885 - Modeled after a fashion started in England, this style rejected the rigid rules of and instead looked to the more informal look of Italian rural houses. Ironically, the style became very popular as an urban townhouse.

Log Cabin

Up to the 1850s - These early settler houses went up quickly, using the most abundant material around - wood, used to protect against the harsh weather. This house was common in the middle Atlantic colonies.

Meso America

Warrior Columns with Butterfly Breastplates

Meso America

Hieroglyph Mayan Calendar

Meso America

Caracol Observatory Meso America

Temple of the Great Jaguar

Meso America

Tulum

Meso America

Ball Court

Meso America

Temple of the Frescoes

Meso America

El Castillo Mesopotamia

Ziggurat at Ur - 2100 BC

Mesopotamia

Hammurabi Steele

Mesopotamian

The City State of Ur, Iraq

Mesopotamian

Ishtar Gate

Mesopotamian

Residential area Ur, Iraq Neo-Classical

style of art in late 18th and early 19th centuries, characterized by simple, symmetrical forms of ancient Greek and Roman art.

Neoclassical

1895 to 1950 - The World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 featured a classical theme, sparking a renewed interest in Greek and Roman architecture. The style is closely related to Colonial Revival, as both look back on a time in American architecture when classical forms dominated.

Neolithic Period

Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England. 3000 B.C. - 2000 B.C

Neolithic Period

Skara Brae, Scotland 3180 BCE-2500 BCE

Neolithic Period

Catal Huyuk - flourished in 7000 BC with a population of 10,000

Johnson Wax Building 1936 to 1939

Organic Architecture

Kaufman House, FallingWater Pennsylvania. 1935

Organic Architecture

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1959 F.L. Wright, New York

Organic Architecture

Taliesin West 1937

Postmodern

Vanna Venturi House 1962 -1964 Postmodern

1977 - The Pompidou Center. Paris, France. Archts: Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers.

Postmodern

Buildings combine pleasant-looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and to create new spaces that are more people friendly than their modernist predecessors.

Prairie House

1907 - Robie House, Chicago, IL. Archt.; Frank Lloyd Wright. Modern Style.

Prehistoric

time in human history before writing introduced documentation

Prehistoric

Lascaux Cave circa 17,300 Prehistoric

Terra Amata about 400,000 BC

Prehistoric Era in Canada

Igloo

Prehistoric Era in Canada

L'Anse aux Meadows 1000 AD

Prehistoric Era in Canada

Long House

Prehistoric Era in Canada

Wigwam Prehistoric Era in Canada

Teepee

Prehistoric Era in Canada

Plank House

Pueblo Revival

1910 to present - These houses have their roots in adobe houses built by Native Americans and Spanish colonial settlers in the Southwest. The style prevails in that part of the country, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico where originals survive.

Queen Anne

1880 to 1910 - This style is what most people would call "Victorian" and is the first product of the American Industrial Age. After the Civil War, many factories converted to make metal house parts and the machinery to cut wood trim. The railroads brought these products to all regions at an affordable price. The invention of air heating removed the need for rooms structured around stoves and fireplaces, meaning new shapes emerged. Advances in paint technology introduced vibrant new colors.

Queen Anne Style

(1876-1900) window or turret, roof cresting, leaded glass transoms Ranch

1930s to 1960s - Loosely based on Spanish colonial houses in the Southwest, this style of house is a creation because of the use of cars. When homeowners began using their cars for transportation, they could put their houses farther apart on larger plots of land. This was one of the most popular house forms of the second half of the 20th century.

Renaissance

Palazzo Medici 1445, Michelozzo

Renaissance

Built during the 1400's with a large dome, columns, triangular niches, round windows, arches, courtyard, Basilica.

Renaissance

De re aedificatoria 1452, "10 Books on Architecture"

Renaissance

Cathedral of Florence "Dome" by Brunelleschi 1296-1469 Renaissance

Pazzi Chapel

Renaissance Revival

LATE VICTORIAN, 1887 - Boston, MA. Boston Public Library. Archts: McKim, Mead, and White, Renaissance Palazzo Style.

Richardson Romanesque

1879 - Ames Free Library. Easton, MA,

Richardson Romanesque

Auditorium Building Hotel, Completed in 1889 Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler

Richardson Romanesque

1880 to 1900 - Closely related to the Queen Anne and Shingle styles, these houses are always stone or brick. Though civic buildings were built earlier in this style, it didn't show up in houses until the popular architect Henry Hobson Richardson started his practice in New York and Boston in the 1870s. Rococo

1718-44 - Wurzburg Residenz (Palace), Court of Honor Façade. Germany. Archt: Balthasar Neumann

Rococo

Everything is elegant and stylish, sculpture, goes along with the building, churches avoid stained glass, sculptures are placed everywhere, painted figures on ceilings.

Rococo

Amalienburg Palace, 1734-1739 , Germany, Décor: Zimmermann & Dietrich,

Romanesque

Cluny Abbey Reconstruction 910 AD

Romanesque

St. Sernin Cathedral 1080 and 1120 Romanesque

Mont Saint-Michel, 11th century, France

Romanesque

Krak des Chevaliers, Syria 1142-1220

Romanesque

Pisa cathedral 1063

Romanesque

Florence Cathedral Baptistry of San Giovanni 1059 to 1128

Romanesque

Toulouse. Basilica Of St.-Sernin 1080 and 1120. Relating to a style of architecture that prevailed in Europe circa 900-1200, although sometimes dated back to the end of the Roman Empire (5th century). Romanesque Style

(1880-1900) heavy arches, rough wall material

Romantic

Royal Pavillion, England 1786

Romanticism

Royal Crescent 1774

Romanticism

Houghton Hall 1722 - 1735

Saltbox

1607 to early 1700s - These houses existed around New England. Their steep roof pitch is a form of thatching. Early settlers learned that wood shingles were better for snow and rain. Few originals of these houses are still standing - those few left are in museums, like this house in East Hampton, New York. Second Empire

1855 to 1885 - The style is closely related to Italianate, but is always characterized by its mansard roof, named for the 17th-century French architect, François Mansart. The style name refers to France's second empire—the reign of Napoleon III from 1852-1870, during which the mansard roof was popular.

Second Empire Style

(1850-1890) mansard roof, paired arched windows, ornate cornice

Shingle

1880 to 1900 - A style mostly popular along the coast in the Northeast, these houses were usually large architects' masterpieces - free-form mansions built into the rocks and hills of the shore.

Spanish Colonial Revival

1915 to 1940 - The Panama-California Exposition in San Diego in 1915 featured the California pavilion, a building with details borrowed from Spanish, Mission, and Italian architecture. The style was to the Southwest and Florida what the Colonial Revival and Tudor were to the Northeast and Midwest: an incredibly popular style that filled out the suburbs in the years after World War I.

Sustainable

Architecture with zero energy consumption (i.e. independent from the energy grid supply) and created using materials that are renewable and local. Tapestry Brick Style

(1900-1930) patterned brickwork, crowning parapet wall, square topped windows

Tudor Revival

1890 to 1940 - Mostly a medieval style, these houses have details that relate to early English architecture. Though the style began in the late 19th century, it was immensely popular in the growing suburbs of the 1920s. A version of Tudor came back into architecture in the late 20th century.

Tudor Style

A house with the half-timbered style look (probably its most dominant characteristic). These style homes feature steeply pitched gables at the front and sides; tall, narrow windows, usually placed in groups, with many small panes; and massive chimneys. Stucco, brick, and stone are among the most commonly used exterior wall surfaces.