Thesis Spinning in Circles: Poverty Alleviation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
THESIS SPINNING IN CIRCLES: POVERTY ALLEVIATION VENTURES IN LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO Submitted by Cheryl Alane Distaso Department of Social Work In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Social Work Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2014 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Kim Bundy-Fazioli Roe Bubar Norberto Valdez Copyright by Cheryl Alane Distaso 2014 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT SPINNING IN CIRCLES: POVERTY ALLEVIATION VENTURES IN LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO Weaving together grounded theory and autoethnography as methodologies, this thesis interrogates two companion antipoverty initiatives in Larimer County, Colorado. The initiatives studied were Bridges out of Poverty and the Circles Campaign, during the years 2012 and 2013, when they were being piloted locally by funding provided by Bohemian Foundation. Data used in the study include website materials, YouTube videos, notes gathered at public meetings, autoethnographic memos, and artifacts such as tax forms, reports, and other public documents. This study concludes that the initiatives have no reliable efficacy data, reinforce stereotypes, and do not examine root causes of poverty. It is argued that the initiatives are ineffective and dangerous, as they engage in victim blaming and offer the false illusion that poverty is being addressed in our community. Recommendations for the implementation of effective poverty alleviation approaches are given. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many people whose friendship and mentoring gave life to this project. I didn’t realize how touched I would be by the experience of having my piece read and critiqued by a core group of people whom I admire as greatly as those on my committee. Kim Bundy-Fazioli offered consistent feedback over years of work. Roe Bubar’s insights helped me refine my approach to intersectionality. Norberto Valdez, as a mentor, friend, and activist, taught me how to blend scholarship and activism into true praxis. Matt Aronson, an intellectual giant, met on a moment’s notice to help me craft my ideas, find my voice, and make me laugh. Maggie Cummings, and other CSU library staff, never hesitated to hunt down an obscure book or document. Evelyn Swiss was always available to untangle complications inherent in institutional review board needs and grounded theory demands. The entire Ethnic Studies department provided me with constant support. Lynn Stutheit’s editing was as invaluable as her friendship. Maricela DeMirjyn welcomed me into her qualitative research class. Marie Schaffner and Sue Tungate, proof that critical social workers are invaluable to our profession, provided constant guidance, and embraced my nontraditional perspective. Vani Kannan was a stellar writing partner. The household on Sunset Street was unsurpassed. Becca Sorber and Zach Heath were relentlessly supportive. Kim Baker-Medina, Nancy York, Dave Bell, Mike Devereaux, and my community of friends insisted that I breathe and take breaks, and then helped me to focus. Gabriel Balogh and Kevin Balogh, I’m proud to be your mom, and I am grateful that you pushed me to finish this thesis. And to everyone who attended my defense, thank you for helping me to move this work from the relative isolation of academia to a place of dynamic popular education. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... vii QUOTATIONS ........................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1 Autoethnographic Voice ......................................................................................................1 Background ..........................................................................................................................1 Researcher’s Positionality ....................................................................................................3 Purpose .................................................................................................................................8 Rationale ..............................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................10 Introduction ........................................................................................................................10 Materials that Describe and Support the Ruby Payne Model/Framework ........................10 Academic Critiques of the Ruby Payne Model/Framework ..............................................24 Research Question .............................................................................................................40 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................42 Qualitative Research Paradigm ..........................................................................................42 Grounded Theory ...............................................................................................................42 Autoethnography................................................................................................................47 Integration of Grounded Theory and Autoethnography ....................................................50 Ethical Concerns ................................................................................................................53 iv CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS ......................................................................................................55 Introduction ........................................................................................................................55 Thematic Concept One: Bridges and Circles’ Approaches to Intersectionality ................56 Thematic Concept Two: Efficacy of the Payne Model (Bridges) and Circles ..................71 Thematic Concept Three: Circles for a New Age .............................................................94 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................104 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION ................................................................................................111 Introduction ......................................................................................................................111 Limitations .......................................................................................................................112 Reflections on the Future of Bridges and Circles ...........................................................112 Implications for Social Work ...........................................................................................114 Local Actions ...................................................................................................................115 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................120 APPENDIX I: WORKING BRIDGES PROMOTIONAL FLIER ..............................................143 APPENDIX II: BOHEMIAN FOUNDATION REPORT TO THE COMMUNITY ..................148 APPENDIX III: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS .............................................................................165 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Bridges out of Poverty Northern Colorado/Circles Larimer County Events, 2008-2013 .............................................................................................................74 Table 2: Circles’ Changing Goals..................................................................................................80 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Target Audiences ............................................................................................................12 Figure 2: The Payne Model in Different Sectors ...........................................................................13 Figure 3: Hidden Rules ..................................................................................................................15 Figure 4: Circles’ Organization .....................................................................................................20 Figure 5: Grounded Theory Process ..............................................................................................45 Figure 6: Impact Data from Circles USA Website ........................................................................92 Figure 7: Cover of Until It’s Gone ...............................................................................................100 Figure 8: Circles’ Results from Bohemian Report ......................................................................105 Figure 9: Income Statistics from Bohemian Report ....................................................................106 vii QUOTATIONS Our critique should