DOCSLIB.ORG

William Shakespeare

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
William Shakespeare L I E) RA RY O F THL U N 1 V LRS ITY Of I LLI NOIS 1911 Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. University of Illinois Library Ft?2 -3ll:b^- L161—H41 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1-11/ 11 f« WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE BY VICTOR HUGO By MELVILLE B. ANDERSON EIGHTH EDITION CHICAGO A. C. McCLURG AND COMPANY 1911 Copyright By a. C. McClurg and Co. A.D. 1886, ; - TO ENGLAND 5 QeHicatt tJ)ts JSooft, THE GLORIFICATION OF HER POET. I TELL ENGLAND THE TRUTH BUT AS A LAND ILLUSTRIOUS AND FREE, I ADMIRE HER, AND AS AN ASYLUM, I LOVE HER. VICTOR HUGO. "v. Hautkvillb House, 1864. 4 PREFACE. THE true title of this work should be, ' Con- cerning Shakespeare.' The Author's original incentive was the desire to " introduce," as they say in England, the new translation of Shakespeare to the public. The tie that binds him so closely to the translator need not deprive him of the privi- lege of commending the translation.^ From an- other side, however, and still more closely, his conscience was engaged by the subject itself In contemplating Shakespeare, all the questions re- lating to art have arisen in the Author's mind. To deal with these questions is to set forth the mission of art ; to deal with these questions is to set forth the duty of human thought toward man. Such an opportunity' for speaking some true words imposes an obligation that is not to be shirked, especially in a time like ours. This the Author * Made by the poet's son, Fran9ois-Victor Hugo. — Tr. Vlll PREFACE. has understood. He has not hesitated to take every avenue of approach to these complex ques- tions of art and of civihzation, varying the horizon as the perspective shifted, and accepting every hint suppHed by the urgency of the task. From such an enlarged conception of the subject this book has sprung. Hauteville House, 1864. TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. THE work herewith presented to the public belongs to the literature of power rather than to the literature of knowledge. Beguiling his exile, remote from great libraries and from books of reference, by this sweeping review of all that he regarded as worthiest and noblest in the whole range of humane letters, Victor Hugo is sometimes pardonably inaccurate in details. The Translator has deemed it his duty to re- produce faithfully the text, and has taken the liberty to correct in footnotes (signed Tr.) the errors that seemed to him most noticeable, es- pecially those touching the life and works of Shakespeare. That he has corrected all which may appear important to others, he cannot venture to hope. Fortunately, this great work does not depend for its value upon the accuracy of its statements of fact, nor even, chiefly, upon the X TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. light it throws upon the Hfe and genius of Shake- speare. It is mainly to be prized as a masterly- statement of the Author's ideas concerning the proper relation of literature to human life, — a statement illuminated by wonderful flashes of poetry and eloquence, and illustrated by strong characterizations of many famous books and men. This is not to say, however, that the present work will not serve, better than most others, as an introduction to Shakespeare, to ^Eschylus, and perhaps to some other of the immortals whom it so glowingly celebrates. The Translator is responsible for the table of contents, and for the index, which makes no pre- tence of being exhaustive. M. B. A. Purdue UNrvERSixY, Lafayette, InA, October^ 1886. Topical Table of Contents. part Mx&U book I. SHAKESPEARE'S LIFE. CHAPTER I. PAGE Description of Marine Terrace, Isle of Jersey. — The Exiles . 3 CHAPTER II. Shakespeare and the Ocean 7 CHAPTER III. Shakespeare's Birthplace. — Orthography of Name. — Youth- ful Escapades and Marriage. — London under Elizabeth. — The Actors, the Theatres, the Audience. — Moliere's Theatre and Louis XIV.'s Patronage. — Shakespeare's Person. — The Taverns. — Chronology of Shakespeare's Plays. — Shakespeare Manager and Money-lender. — New Place ; Mrs. Davenant. — The Last Years 9 XU TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. PAGE Shakespeare's Life embittered. — Contemporary Notice. — The Puritans close the Play-houses. — Shakespeare's Fame after the Restoration. — Dryden, Shaftesbury, Nahum Tate. — Shakespeare's " eclipse " 29 CHAPTER V. Recasts o£ Plays. — Voltaire, Garrick, Malone 34 BOOK II. MEN OF GENIUS. CHAPTER I. Art, Nature, God. — Science and the SupematuraL — The Poet's Inspiration 36 CHAPTER II. The Poet's Ascent to the Ideal. — Homer characterized.— Job characterized. — ^Eschylus characterized. — Isaiah characterized. — Ezekiel characterized. — Lucretius char- acterized. — Juvenal characterized. — Tacitus character- ized : Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero. — Saint John characterized. — Saint Paul characterized. — Dante char- acterized. — Rabelais characterized. — Cervantes charac- terized. — Shakespeare characterized 41 CHAPTER III. The Dynasty of Genius. — The Wreck of ^Eschylos .... 82 CHAPTER IV. The Great, Anonjonous, Collective Works of Orient and Occident. — The German Genius: Beethoven. — "Good Taste " an Incubus upon Genius 84 TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. xiii BOOK III. ART AND SCIENCE. CHAPTER I. PAGE Poetry made imperishable by Printing. — The Book the In- strument of Civilization 95 CHAPTER II. Number the Basis of Poetry and of Science 99 CHAPTER III. Poetry, being absolute in Nature, incapable of Progress . loi CHAPTER IV. The Relative and Progressive Nature of Science. — The Im- provement of the Telescope. — Examples of Outgrown Scientific Notions. — The Errors of Pythagoras. — The Errors of Chrysippus. — Science transitory, Art abiding. — The Eternal Power of Art illustrated by the Effect of Lucretius upon Hugo 105 CHAPTER V. The Decline of Poetry impossible 118 XIV TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. BOOK IV. THE ANCIENT SHAKESPEARE. CHAPTER I. FACE Formidable Character of ^schylus. — Vastness and Compre- hensiveness of the Drama. — Tragic Terror of ^schylus . 122 CHAPTER II. Description of the Greek Theatre. — Description of the Rep- resentation of a Greek Play . 126 CHAPTER III. The Renown of ^Eschylus after his Death 132 CHAPTER IV. Ptolemy Evergetes and the Alexandrian Library. — ^schylus stolen from Athens and transferred to Alexandria. — The Alexandrian Library burned by Omar 135 CHAPTER V. Attempts to justify Omar. — Shakespeare nearly meets the fate of iEschylus I40 CHAPTER VI. " iEschylus Lost." — The Number of Works irrevocably destroyed 143 TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. XV CHAPTER VII. PAGE The AflSnity of ^schylus with Asia. — His Geography. — His Priesthood of Nature. — His Bold Familiarity 146 CHAPTER VIII. The Relation of Aristophanes to ^schylus. — The Opposition of Socrates to their Religious Enthusiasm. — The Broad Farce of JEschylus. — The Alarming Mirth of Art. — The Two Ears of Poetry 153 CHAPTER IX. Greece the great Civilizer. — The Drama in her Colonies. — iEschylus the Poet of the Greek Fatherland 160 CHAPTER X. Explanation of the Loss of Books in Antiquity. — Gutenberg has made the Book immortal. — The Ruins of Greek and Roman Books. — Sources of our Knowledge of .^schylus. — Similarity of .^schylus to Shakespeare 164 BOOK V. SOULS. CHAPTER I. The Genesis of the Soul. — No Tangible Law. — The Coinci- dences of Genius. — The Sacred Horror of the Great Mys- tery. — The Reality of the Soul. — The Reality of Great Souls. — Their Lofty Functions. — The Origin and the Mission of Genius 170 CHAPTER II. God the Ezhaustless Source of Genius 183 — xvi TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. part g)econti. BOOK I. SHAKESPEARE'S GENIUS. CHAPTER I. pag:c The Censurers of Shakespeare: Forbes, Greene, Rymer, Dryden, Ben Jonson, Warburton, Foote, Pope, Voltaire, Dr. Johnson, Frederick the Great, Coleridge, Knight, Hunter, Delandine iSp CHAPTER II. Shakespeare's Reality. — The Inexorable Law of his Genius. — His Sovereign Horror and his Charm. — His Philoso- phy. — His Imaginative Arabesque. — His Psychology. — His History. — His Universality 195 CHAPTER III. Shakespeare's Antithesis a Double Refraction of Nature . 203 CHAPTER IV. The Orthodox and Academical School condemns the Luxu- riance of Great Poets. — No Flirtation with the Muses. Genius bound over to keep the Peace 205 CHAPTER V. " " Shakespeare a Trial to the Sober Critics ; his Fertility and Virility. — Shakespeare intoxicated with Nature . .211 TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. xvii BOOK II. SHAKESPEARE'S WORK. — THE CULMI- NATING POINTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE The Great Poets Creators of Human Types. — Their Kinship with God. — The Infamy of their Censors 219 CHAPTER II. The Nature of the Living Types produced by the Poets. — How they differ from Historic Persons 223 CHAPTER III. The Man of ^schylus, Prometheus; the Man of Shake- speare, Hamlet 228 CHAPTER IV. Prometheus on Caucasus. — Hamlet 230 CHAPTER V. The Feigned Madness of Hamlet. — The Character of Ham- let 234 CHAPTER VI. Macbeth. — Othello. — Lear: Time of the Action; Nature of the Subject ; Character of Lear ; Lear and Cordelia . 240 b — xviii TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. BOOK III. ZOILUS AS ETERNAL AS HOMER. CHAPTER I. PAGE A Chapter of Calumnies 250 CHAPTER II. The Pedants and the Police 254 CHAPTER III. Calumniation of Voltaire and Rousseau. — Their Burial in the Pantheon. — Their Bones thrown into a Hole 257 CHAPTER IV. Pedantry solicitous about Genius 261 CHAPTER V. The Academical View of Genius. — The Comfortable Middle- Class View 263 CHAPTER VI. The Sun offensive to Weak Eyes. — Genius portentous. Its Humanity, Sympathy, Love, Beauty 268 TOPICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. XIX BOOK IV. CRITICISM. CHAPTER I. PAGE The Double Plots of Shakespeare's Plays a Reflection of all the Art of the Renascence 274 CHAPTER II. Genius to be accepted as Nature is accepted 377 CHAPTER III. Pegasus a Gift-Horse. — Prometheus the Progenitor of Mab and Titania 279 CHAPTER IV. The Romantic School has imitated neither Shakespeare nor iEschylus 282 CHAPTER V. The Poet original, personal, inimitable 285 CHAPTER VI. Definition of the Official French School of Letters.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369
    Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369, Fravardin & l FEZAN A IN S I D E T HJ S I S S U E Federation of Zoroastrian • Summer 2000, Tabestal1 1369 YZ • Associations of North America http://www.fezana.org PRESIDENT: Framroze K. Patel 3 Editorial - Pallan R. Ichaporia 9 South Circle, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 (732) 634-8585, (732) 636-5957 (F) 4 From the President - Framroze K. Patel president@ fezana. org 5 FEZANA Update 6 On the North American Scene FEZ ANA 10 Coming Events (World Congress 2000) Jr ([]) UJIR<J~ AIL '14 Interfaith PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF '15 Around the World NORTH AMERICA 20 A Millennium Gift - Four New Agiaries in Mumbai CHAIRPERSON: Khorshed Jungalwala Rohinton M. Rivetna 53 Firecut Lane, Sudbury, MA 01776 Cover Story: (978) 443-6858, (978) 440-8370 (F) 22 kayj@ ziplink.net Honoring our Past: History of Iran, from Legendary Times EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Roshan Rivetna 5750 S. Jackson St. Hinsdale, IL 60521 through the Sasanian Empire (630) 325-5383, (630) 734-1579 (F) Guest Editor Pallan R. Ichaporia ri vetna@ lucent. com 23 A Place in World History MILESTONES/ ANNOUNCEMENTS Roshan Rivetna with Pallan R. Ichaporia Mahrukh Motafram 33 Legendary History of the Peshdadians - Pallan R. Ichaporia 2390 Chanticleer, Brookfield, WI 53045 (414) 821-5296, [email protected] 35 Jamshid, History or Myth? - Pen1in J. Mist1y EDITORS 37 The Kayanian Dynasty - Pallan R. Ichaporia Adel Engineer, Dolly Malva, Jamshed Udvadia 40 The Persian Empire of the Achaemenians Pallan R. Ichaporia YOUTHFULLY SPEAKING: Nenshad Bardoliwalla 47 The Parthian Empire - Rashna P.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Programme Guernsey 28-30 June 2019 Organised by the Victor Hugo in Guernsey Society
    IN GUERNSEY CONFERENCE 2019 Conference Programme Guernsey 28-30 June 2019 Organised by The Victor Hugo in Guernsey Society Supported by the Guernsey Arts André Gill illustration for L’Eclipse, 25 April 1869, from the Gérard Pouchain collection. from the Gérard Pouchain April 1869, 25 L’Eclipse, André Gill illustration for Commission About The Victor Hugo In Guernsey Society Welcome from The Victor Hugo In Guernsey Society Victor Hugo wrote many of his greatest works on The Victor Hugo in Guernsey Society welcomes you to its 3rd In~ a letter to his publisher, Lacroix, in December the island of Guernsey, a small British dependency Victor Hugo in Guernsey conference. This weekend in the 1868, after he had announced the publication of 20 miles off the coast of France. Hugo was in exile, but island of Hugo’s exile will focus on the novel Hugo published a new work by Hugo which he characterised as a Roman despite his grief for his family and his homeland he was 150 years ago in 1869, L’Homme qui rit, (The Man who Laughs), historique, the famous novelist wrote: inspired by the beauty of the rocky landscape and seas written on Guernsey and set in England. Our sister island of “When I paint history I make my historical characters that surrounded him to produce magnificent novels – Alderney plays a pivotal part in the narrative, and even our old do only what they have done or could do, their characters including Les Misérables, and Les Travailleurs de la mer – Norman law finds its way into the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsr6903.Mu7.Ghotmu.C
    [ Official Game Accessory Gamer's Handbook of the Volume 7 Contents Arcanna ................................3 Puck .............. ....................69 Cable ........... .... ....................5 Quantum ...............................71 Calypso .................................7 Rage ..................................73 Crimson and the Raven . ..................9 Red Wolf ...............................75 Crossbones ............................ 11 Rintrah .............. ..................77 Dane, Lorna ............. ...............13 Sefton, Amanda .........................79 Doctor Spectrum ........................15 Sersi ..................................81 Force ................................. 17 Set ................. ...................83 Gambit ................................21 Shadowmasters .... ... ..................85 Ghost Rider ............................23 Sif .................. ..................87 Great Lakes Avengers ....... .............25 Skinhead ...............................89 Guardians of the Galaxy . .................27 Solo ...................................91 Hodge, Cameron ........................33 Spider-Slayers .......... ................93 Kaluu ....... ............. ..............35 Stellaris ................................99 Kid Nova ................... ............37 Stygorr ...............................10 1 Knight and Fogg .........................39 Styx and Stone .........................10 3 Madame Web ...........................41 Sundragon ................... .........10 5 Marvel Boy .............................43
    [Show full text]
  • Numismata Graeca; Greek Coin-Types, Classified For
    NUMISMATA GRAECA GREEK COIN-TYPES CLASSIFIED FOR IMMEDIATE IDENTIFICATION PROTAT BROTHERS, PRINTERS, MACON (fRANCb). NUMISMATA GRAEGA GREEK GOIN-TYPES GLASSIFIED FOR IMMEDIATE IDENTIFICATION BY L^" CI flu pl-.M- ALTAR No. ALTAR Metal Xo. Pi.ACi: OBVEnSE Reverse V\t Denom . 1)a Pl.A Ri;it:iii;n(:i; SlZE II Nicaen. AVTKAINETPAIANOC. Large altar ready laid with /E.8 Tra- II un teriaii (]oll Jiilhijni:t. Ileadof Trajan r., laur. wood and havin^' door in 20 jan. p. 247, Xo 8. front; beneath AIOC. Ves- Prusiiis AYTKAilAPIIEBAI EniMAPKOYnAAN. P. I. R. .M. Pontus, etc, pasian, ad IIy])ium. TnOYEinAIIAN KIOYOY APOYAN- 22.5 12 p. 201, No 1. A. D. Billiynia. Headof Altar. nnPOYIIEII- eYHATOY. 200 Vespasian to r., laur. \:i .Aiiiasia. (]ara- 10, \o 31, AYKAIMAYP AAPCeYANTAMACIACM... , , p. Ponliirt. ANTnNINOC-Biislof in ex., eTCH. Altar of 1.2 caila. Caracalla r., laureale two stages. 30 A. n. in Paludamentum and 208 ciiirass. 14 l ariiini. Hust of Pallas r., in hel n A Garlanded altar, yE.5 H. C. R. M. Mysia, p. 1(11, Mijsiu. niet ; borderofdots. 12.5 P I 200 No 74. to Au- gus- tus. 15 Smyrna. TIB€PIOC C€BAC- ZMYPNAICON lonia. TOC- Ilead of Tibe- lePGONYMOC. Altar -ar- .E.65 Tibe- B. M. lonia, p. 268, rius r.,laur. landed. 10 No 263. 16 .\ntioch. BOYAH- Female bust ANTlOXenN- Altar. ^E.7 Babelon,/»^. Wadd., C.nria. r., veiled. 18 p. 116, \o 21.')9. 17 ANTIOXeWN cesAC CYNAPXiA AFAAOY .E.6 Au- ,, ,, No 2165. TOY- Nil^e staiiding. TOY AfAAOY. Altar, 15 gus- tus.
    [Show full text]
  • Louis-Napoléon and Mademoiselle De Montijo;
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library DC 276.132 1897 3 1924 028 266 959 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028266959 LOUIS NAPOLEON AND MADEMOISELLE DE MONTIJO LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE President if the French Republic LOUIS NAPOLEON AND MADEMOISELLE DE MONTIJO BY IMBERT DE SAINT-AMAND TRANSLATED BY ELIZABETH GILBERT MARTIN WITH PORTRAITS NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1899 COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NotiDOOtI ^tttt }. a. Cuahing & Co. —Berwick k Smith NsiTOod Mill. U.S.A. CONTENTS CHAPTSB PASZ Intboduction 1 I. Tee Childhood OF Louis Napoleon 15 II. The !Fibst Restoration 28 in. The Hundred Days 39 rv. The First Years op Exile 50 V. Rome 62 VI. The Birth op the Empress 69 Vn. 1830 77 VIII. The Italian Movement 90 IX. The Insurrection op the Romagna 97 X. Ancona 107 XI. The Journey in Erance 115 Xn. Arenenbeko 128 Xin. Stbasburg 142 XIV. The Childhood op the Empress 154 XV. The " Andromeda " 161 XVI. New York 170 V Vi CONTENTS OHAPTEE PAGB XVII. Some Days in London 179 XVIII. The Death op Queen Hoktensb 187 XIX. A Year IN Switzerland 197 XX. Two Years in England 211 XXI. Boulogne 222 XXn. The Conciehgerie 233 XXm. The Court OP Peers 240 XXIV. The Fortress op Ham 247 XXV. The Letters prom Ham 261 XXVI. The Prisoner's Writings 274 XXVII. The End op the Captivity 281 XXVIIL The Escape 292 XXIX.
    [Show full text]
  • Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
    Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Idea of the Labyrinth
    ·THE IDEA OF · THE LABYRINTH · THE IDEA OF · THE LABYRINTH from Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages Penelope Reed Doob CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS ITHACA AND LONDON Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Copyright © 1990 by Cornell University First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 1992 Second paperback printing 2019 All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-8014-2393-2 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-5017-3845-6 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-5017-3846-3 (pdf) ISBN 978-1-5017-3847-0 (epub/mobi) Librarians: A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress An open access (OA) ebook edition of this title is available under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by- nc-nd/4.0/. For more information about Cornell University Press’s OA program or to download our OA titles, visit cornellopen.org. Jacket illustration: Photograph courtesy of the Soprintendenza Archeologica, Milan. For GrahamEric Parker worthy companion in multiplicitous mazes and in memory of JudsonBoyce Allen and Constantin Patsalas Contents List of Plates lX Acknowledgments: Four Labyrinths xi Abbreviations XVll Introduction: Charting the Maze 1 The Cretan Labyrinth Myth 11 PART ONE THE LABYRINTH IN THE CLASSICAL AND EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIODS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
    APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei
    [Show full text]
  • THE REACH of the ROMAN EMPIRE in ROUGH CILICIA by HUGHW.ELTON
    THE ECONOMIC FRINGE: THE REACH OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN ROUGH CILICIA By HUGHW.ELTON Many discussions of the Roman economy are rather vague about what they mean by 'Roman'. Phrases such as 'Roman Europe' or 'the Roman Empire' often blur two different concepts, that of the cultures of Iron Age Europe and the political institution of the Roman Empire. Cultures in Iron Age Europe varied widely. The Welsh uplands or the Atlas mountains, for example, had an aceramic culture with few public buildings, though were mIed directly by Rome for several centuries. Other regions, not under Roman control, like the regions across the middle Danube, showed higher concentrations of Mediterranean consumer goods and coins than some of these aceramic areas. 1 In Mesopotamia, many societies were urban and literate, not differing in this respect from those in Italy or Greece. Thus, determining what was imperial Roman territory by archaeological criteria alone is very difficult? But these archaeological criteria are important for two reasons. First, they allow us to analyse the cultural and economic changes that occurred in Iron Age Europe between 100 B.C. and A.D. 250. Second, they allow for the possibility of change within Europe that was not caused by the Roman state? Unlike cultures within Iron Age Europe, the Roman Empire was a political structure, imposed by force and dedicated to extracting benefits for the mling elite of the city of Rome.4 As the empire developed and matured, its form changed, but it was never about the mIed, only the rulers. If we accept that the Empire was a political, not an archaeological, structure, it follows that an examination of 'Impact of Empire: Transformation of Economic Life', has to mean an examination of the impact of the Roman imperial state.
    [Show full text]
  • Pausanias' Description of Greece
    BONN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY. PAUSANIAS' DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. PAUSANIAS' TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH \VITTI NOTES AXD IXDEX BY ARTHUR RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Soiiii'tinie Scholar of Trinity L'olltge, Cambridge. VOLUME IT. " ni <le Fnusnnias cst un homme (jui ne mnnquo ni de bon sens inoins a st-s tlioux." hnniie t'oi. inais i}iii rn>it ou au voudrait croire ( 'HAMTAiiNT. : ftEOROE BELL AND SONS. YOUK STIIKKT. COVKNT (iAKDKX. 188t). CHISWICK PRESS \ C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCEKV LANE. fA LC >. iV \Q V.2- CONTEXTS. PAGE Book VII. ACHAIA 1 VIII. ARCADIA .61 IX. BtEOTIA 151 -'19 X. PHOCIS . ERRATA. " " " Volume I. Page 8, line 37, for Atte read Attes." As vii. 17. 2<i. (Catullus' Aft is.) ' " Page 150, line '22, for Auxesias" read Anxesia." A.-> ii. 32. " " Page 165, lines 12, 17, 24, for Philhammon read " Philanimon.'' " " '' Page 191, line 4, for Tamagra read Tanagra." " " Pa ire 215, linu 35, for Ye now enter" read Enter ye now." ' " li I'aijf -J27, line 5, for the Little Iliad read The Little Iliad.'- " " " Page ^S9, line 18, for the Babylonians read Babylon.'' " 7 ' Volume II. Page 61, last line, for earth' read Earth." " Page 1)5, line 9, tor "Can-lira'" read Camirus." ' ; " " v 1'age 1 69, line 1 , for and read for. line 2, for "other kinds of flutes "read "other thites.'' ;< " " Page 201, line 9. for Lacenian read Laeonian." " " " line 10, for Chilon read Cliilo." As iii. 1H. Pago 264, " " ' Page 2G8, Note, for I iad read Iliad." PAUSANIAS. BOOK VII. ACIIAIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Sum 41 Alive
    SSUMUM 4411 AALIVELIVE IS SCREAMO B.S.? FLORIA’S FUEL IAN BLURTON~MINISTRY~THE TEA PARTY~WILDHEARTS CLAIRE STANSFIELD~MOONEY SUZUKI~DFA 1979 THE JERRY CAN The summer is the season of rock. Tours roll across the coun- try like mobile homes in a Florida hurricane. The most memo- rable for this magazine/bar owner were the Warped Tour and Wakestock, where such bands as Bad Religion, Billy Talent, Alexisonfire, Closet Monster, The Trews and Crowned King had audiences in mosh-pit frenzies. At Wakestock, in Wasaga Beach, Ont., Gasoline, Fox Racing, and Bluenotes rocked so hard at their two-day private cottage party that local authorities shut down the stage after Magneta Lane and Flashlight Brown. Poor Moneen didn't get to crush the eardrums of the drunken revellers. That was day one! Day two was an even bigger party with the live music again shut down. The Reason, Moneen and Crowned King owned the patio until Alexisonfire and their crew rolled into party. Gasoline would also like to thank Chuck (see cover story) and other UN officials for making sure that the boys in Sum41 made it back to the Bovine for another cocktail, despite the nearby mortar and gunfire during their Warchild excursion. Nice job. Darryl Fine Editor-in-Chief CONTENTS 6 Lowdown News 8 Ian Blurton and C’mon – by Keith Carman 10 Sum41 – by Karen Bliss 14 Floria Sigismondi – by Nick Krewen 16 Alexisonfire and “screamo” – by Karen Bliss 18 Smash it up – photos by Paula Wilson 20 Whiskey and Rock – by Seth Fenn 22 Claire Stansfield – by Karen Bliss 24 Tea Party – by Mitch Joel
    [Show full text]
  • Time Travelers Camporee a Compilation of Resources
    1 Time Travelers Camporee A Compilation of Resources Scouts, Ventures, Leaders & Parents…. This is a rather large file (over 80 pages). We have included a “Table of Contents” page to let you know the page numbers of each topic for quick reference. The purpose of this resources to aid the patrols, crews (& adults) in their selection of “Patrol Time Period” Themes. There are numerous amounts of valuable information that can be used to pinpoint a period of time or a specific theme /subject matter (or individual).Of course, ideas are endless, but we just hope that your unit can benefit from the resources below…… This file also goes along with the “Time Traveler” theme as it gives you all a look into a wide variety of subjects, people throughout history. The Scouts & Ventures could possibly use some of this information while working on some of their Think Tank entries. There are more events/topics that are not covered than covered in this file. However, due to time constraints & well, we had to get busy on the actual Camporee planning itself, we weren’t able to cover every event during time. Who knows ? You might just learn a thing or two ! 2 TIME TRAVELERS CAMPOREE PATROL & VENTURE CREW TIME PERIOD SELECTION “RESOURCES” Page Contents 4 Chronological Timeline of A Short History of Earth 5-17 World Timeline (1492- Present) 18 Pre-Historic Times 18 Fall of the Roman Empire/ Fall of Rome 18 Middle Ages (5th-15th Century) 19 The Renaissance (14-17th Century) 19 Industrial Revolution (1760-1820/1840) 19 The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) 19 Rocky Mountain Rendezvous (1825-1840) 20 American Civil War (1861-1865) 20 The Great Depression (1929-1939) 20 History of Scouting Timeline 20-23 World Scouting (Feb.
    [Show full text]