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COMED Toolkit TOOLKIT COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Launch Edition July 2010 1 A new partnership has developed between WG COMED and OSISA. We cherish such a partnership. OSISA is the current Working Group Leader and Chair of WG COMED ISBN: 978-92-9178-104-1 Working Group on Communication for Education and Development Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) African Development Bank (AfDB) - ATR e-mail: [email protected] WANAD Centre, 01 B.P. 378 Cotonou, BENIN Tel: + 229 21 32 03 53 Fax: + 229 21 32 04 12 cell: +229 95 29 51 55 Website: http://www.adea-comed.org / http://www.adeanet.org TOOLKIT 2 COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword .................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 13 Introduction ............................................................................................... 17 Rationale for the Toolkit....................................................................... 17 Why Now? ........................................................................................... 18 Objectives of the Toolkit ...................................................................... 19 Expected Outcomes............................................................................ 15 Methodology of the Toolkit.................................................................. 16 Structure of the Toolkit ........................................................................ 16 How to use this Toolkit ........................................................................ 17 Acronyms............................................................................................. 19 Section I: Foundations and Theoretical Framework............................................... 22 Module 1 Foundations of Communication .......................................... 23 Module 2 What is Education?.............................................................. 32 Module 3 The Role of Communication in Education & Development . 41 Section II: Contemporary Forms of Education......................................................... 47 Module 4 Early Childhood Care and Development ............................ 48 Module 5 Primary Education ............................................................... 55 Module 6 Secondary Education .......................................................... 69 Module 7 Education of Adolescents.................................................... 81 Module 8 Tertiary Education ............................................................... 89 Section III: Life-Long Learning ................................................................................. 105 Module 9 Adult Education ................................................................ 106 Module 10 Principles of Adult Learning............................................. 117 Module 11 Parental Education .......................................................... 124 TOOLKIT 3 COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Module 12 Alternative Schooling....................................................... 131 Module 13 Inclusive Education.......................................................... 149 Section IV: Current Issues in Education................................................................... 171 Module 14 Education and Gender..................................................... 172 Module 15 HIV and AIDS Issues in Education................................... 184 Module 16 Education and Human Rights.......................................... 200 Module 17 Education in Conflict and Post Conflict Situations.......... 209 Module 18 Special Needs in Education............................................. 218 Module 19 Quality in Education......................................................... 224 Module 20 Health Education ............................................................. 244 Section V: Emerging Issues in Education ............................................................... 254 Module 21 Popular Culture and Education........................................ 255 Module 22 Use of National Languages in Education ........................ 268 Section VI: Reporting Educational Issues................................................................ 286 Module 23 The Role, Strengths and Limitations of the Media .......... 287 Module 24 Media and Education....................................................... 299 Module 25 News in Education........................................................... 305 Module 26 Using Reporting Genres Effectively. ................................ 313 Module 27 Ethics in Journalism......................................................... 325 Module 28 Information and Documentation in Education................. 332 Module 29 Quality Assurance in Reporting Education...................... 338 Module 30 Media Monitoring............................................................. 344 Module 31 Training and Skills Development...................................... 352 TOOLKIT 4 COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Section VII: Advocacy and Social Mobilization......................................................... 360 Module 32 Advocacy for Education and Development ..................... 361 Module 33 Social Mobilization and Development.. ........................... 368 Module 34 The Role of the Media in Advocacy and Social Mobilization...................................................................... 377 Section VIII: Resources in Education ......................................................................... 384 Module 35 Institutions of Education.................................................. 385 Module 36 Human Resources Development in Education................ 391 Module 37 Resource Management in Education Systems................ 398 Section IX: Resourcing for Education ...................................................................... 414 Module 38 Financing Education ........................................................ 415 Module 39 Partnerships in Education................................................ 424 Module 40 Education and Research ................................................. 432 Appendix A: Glossary.............................................................................................. 436 TOOLKIT 5 COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLKIT 6 COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Foreword The Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) is a forum for policy dialogue which aims at bringing African Ministers of Education and their development partners from cooperating agencies to acquire a shared understanding of the stakes and challenges of education in Africa, which would lead to a concerted vision on the policies and strategies to be implemented. Based on analytical work and the capitalisation of experiences gained from Africa and elsewhere, policy dialogue is not limited only to policy decision-makers. It also involves other stakeholders in education, namely, parents of students, teachers, communities, civil society, etc... And hence the importance of communication on education and development, and its most important role which is that played by African journalists. These latter, by the quality of information and knowledge which they diffuse and disseminate, contribute a great deal in formulating public opinion – both within Africa and beyond the continent - on the challenges and stakes, as well as on progress made on education in Africa. This crucial work of journalists cannot be improvised or played by the ear. It requires knowledge and specific competencies. It is in order to help African journalists develop such competencies and to better play their role that ADEA, through its working group COMED, put in place during the last ten years a training programme for journalists and communication officers working in ministries of education. The completion of this Tool kit is one more step that COMED has come through within the scope of this training programme. To this end, this Tool kit, written for the first time in Africa by experts, journalists and other actors in education will permit, without any doubt, a larger number of African journalists to have easier access to training on education and development, and to thus contribute in promoting quality education for all in Africa. Ahlin Byll-Cataria, Executive Secretary, ADEA TOOLKIT 7 COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLKIT 8 COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Preface The ADEA Working Group on Communication for Education and Development (WG COMED) set out to do this task of preparing a Tool kit for journalists, communication officers in ministries of education in Africa and education campaign activists on the continent because it has been realized that there is a dire need for journalists and communication officers to be adequately trained to take on the tasks of promoting education in Africa and indeed the rest of the globe in order to contribute effectively in meeting the developmental needs of Africa. WG COMED embarked on this project to develop this tool kit for journalists and communicators since April 2008, and held four production workshops on the kit. The first workshop was held in Cotonou, Benin from April 23 – 24, 2008, and
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