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G.C. Oeder's Conflict with Linnaeus and the Implementation of Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Ideas in the Monumental Flora Danica
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):53-85. 2019 53 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-07 G.C. Oeder’s conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumental Flora Danica project (1761–1883) I. Friis Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK–2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Hitherto unpublished parts of the history of the Icones … Florae Danicae (1761–1883), one of the largest illustrated botanical works published, are analysed; it covered the entire flora of the double monarchy of Denmark–Norway, Schleswig and Holstein and the North Atlantic dependencies. A study of the little noticed taxonomic and nomenclatural principles behind the Icones is presented. G.C. Oeder, founder of the project, approved the ideas of Buffon and Haller and rejected Linnaean binary nomenclature because of its lack of stability of genera. In the Icones …, Oeder cited all names used for each plant in chronological order, with the binary Linnaean name last, to which principle Linnaeus reacted. By the end of the 18th century, Linnaean nomenclature had become standard, apart from in Flora Danica and a very few other botanical works. Applying Linnaean nomenclature elsewhere, O.F. Müller, editor 1775–1782, and M. Vahl, editor 1787–1799, followed Oeder’s norm in the Icones. J.W. Hornemann, editor 1810–1840, followed Oeder in his first fascicles, but began experimenting with changes towards Linnaean nomenclature from 1810. After 1840, subsequent editors consistently applied Linnaean principles for accepted names and synonyms. Keywords. Accepted names, genera, natural classification, species, synonymy Introduction In his excellent monograph on how the Linnaean reforms gained general acceptance among botanists, Stafleu (1971: 260) specifically stated that he left out a discussion of C.G. -
Denmark–Norway, 1761–1769: Two Missed Opportunities?
MEETING VENUS C. Sterken, P. P. Aspaas (Eds.) The Journal of Astronomical Data 19, 1, 2013 Denmark–Norway, 1761–1769: Two Missed Opportunities? Per Pippin Aspaas University Library of Tromsø, N-9037 Norway Abstract. Despite a promising start in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Denmark–Norway was not a Great Power of Astronomy any longer when the eight- eenth-century transits of Venus occurred. Official activity relating to the transit of 1761 was very limited; in this respect, Denmark–Norway was completely overshad- owed by Sweden and Russia. In 1769 steps were taken to invite an astronomer of international reputation, the Jesuit Father Maximilianus Hell. He arrived in 1768 and left the country two years later, having published an elaborate report in the name of the King Christian VII. Although Hell’s observations from Vardøhus were successful, Denmark–Norway failed to re-establish itself as a country capable of deliv- ering noteworthy contributions to the European community of astronomers. Sweden and Russia displayed a higher level of activity, both quantitatively and qualitatively, making the impression of Denmark–Norway’s lagging behind even stronger. 1. Introduction Throughout the eighteenth century, the northernmost part of Europe was divided between three powers: Denmark–Norway, Sweden, and Russia. They all encom- passed territories with very similar advantages as far as the transits of Venus were concerned. However, the history of Venus transit activity in the three countries men- tioned is far from uniform. Other contributions to these Proceedings analyze Venus transit activities in Sweden (Widmalm) and Russia (Bucher). There are also case studies on individual astronomers active in these parts (Pekonen, St´en & Aspaas, Voje Johansen, Kontler). -
Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – Den Første Norske Botanikkprofessor
Blyttia Norges Botaniske Annaler Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – den første norske botanikkprofessor Per M. Jørgensen Jørgensen, Per M. 1999. Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – den første norske botanikkprofessor. Blyttia 57: 53-60. Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – the first Norwegian professor of botany. This paper commemorates the 250th anniversary of the birth of the Norwegian botanist Martin Vahl, present- ing the known facts about his childhood and youth in Bergen, his study years in Copenhagen and Uppsala (with Linnaeus 1770-1774)) and his scientific activity, mainly as professor in Copenhagen(1786-1804). His main contribution is that of preparing and publishing several fascicles of the prestigious «Flora danica», comprising both flowering plants and cryptogams, particularly fungi and lichens, and describing plants from exotic regions of interest to the Danish Crown (West Indies, West Africa and India (Tranquebar)), altogether 1100 new species. He was also occupied with redescribing the original material of Linnaeus to clarify the numerous misunderstandings that he had seen during travels in Europe, as contemporary botanists mainly relied on the illustrations cited by Linnaeus. However, Vahl died before he had finished this task, leaving his main work, «Enumeratio Plantarum», unfinished. At his death he had a position among European botanists rather like that of his teacher Linnaeus. Per M. Jørgensen, Botanisk institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5017 Bergen. Feil i overskriften? Den første norske botanikk- professor var vel Christen Smith, han som døde på Kongofloden i 1816, før han rakk å tiltre profes- soratet (Lynge 1951). Joda, han var den første som ble professor i faget ved Det kgl. -
Of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Vol. 25, No. 1 Bulletin Spring 2013 of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation Inside 4 What We Collect on display 4 In Memoriam Kazunori Kurokawa 4 Illustrated mushroom books, part 1 4 Open House 2013 Rumex obtusifolius leaf [Rumex obtusifolius Linnaeus, Polygonaceae], watercolor on paper by Julia Trickey, 2006, 55 × 36.5 cm, HI Art accession no. 7755, © 2006 Julia Trickey, All Rights Reserved. Gift from the artist. News from the Art Department What We Collect opens Whether working alongside botanists for scientific and horticultural publications or preparing artworks for collectors, galleries or commercial use, artists throughout the centuries have added their individual perspectives to portraying plants and have made lasting contributions to the botanical record and the history of art. What We Collect: Recent Art Acquisitions, 2007–2012, includes work by 41 artists active from the 18th century to the present in Europe, Asia and North and South America. The items in the exhibition are organized by topics and create a context for the collecting practices of the Hunt Institute’s Art Department. The artists working before 1900 include Pancrace Bessa (1772–1846), Sydenham Edwards (1769?–1819), Will Kilburn (1745–1818), James Sowerby (1757–1822), William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), W. A. Meyn (19th-century), Powe (18th-century) and Christian Schkuhr (1741–1811). The contemporary artists featured include Bobbie Angell, Wendy Brockman, John Cody, Felicity Rose Cole, Carolyn Crawford, Paul Dobe (1880–1965), John Doughty, Beverly Duncan, Josephine Eyston Elwes, Alison Gianangeli, Janice Glimn-Lacy, Audrey Hardcastle, Lizzie Harper, Christina Hart-Davies, Lyn Hayden, Richard Homala (1934–2009), Job Kuijt, Donelda LaBrake, Peter Loewer, Rogers McVaugh (1909–2009), Susan G. -
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK–2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
G.C. Oeder's conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumantal Flora Danica project Friis, Ib Published in: Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore Publication date: 2019 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Friis, I. (2019). G.C. Oeder's conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumantal Flora Danica project. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, 71((Supplement 2), 53-85. https://www.nparks.gov.sg/sbg/research/publications/gardens-bulletin-singapore/-/media/sbg/gardens- bulletin/gbs_71_s2_y2019/71_s2_07_y2019_v71s2_gbs_pg53.pdf Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):53-85. 2019 53 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-07 G.C. Oeder’s conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumental Flora Danica project (1761–1883) I. Friis Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK–2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Hitherto unpublished parts of the history of the Icones … Florae Danicae (1761–1883), one of the largest illustrated botanical works published, are analysed; it covered the entire flora of the double monarchy of Denmark–Norway, Schleswig and Holstein and the North Atlantic dependencies. A study of the little noticed taxonomic and nomenclatural principles behind the Icones is presented. G.C. Oeder, founder of the project, approved the ideas of Buffon and Haller and rejected Linnaean binary nomenclature because of its lack of stability of genera. In the Icones …, Oeder cited all names used for each plant in chronological order, with the binary Linnaean name last, to which principle Linnaeus reacted. -
Primula Egaliksensis Wormskjold Ex Hornemann: (Greenland Primrose): a Technical Conservation Assessment
Primula egaliksensis Wormskjold ex Hornemann: (Greenland primrose): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project October 30, 2006 David G. Anderson, Stephanie Neid, Ph.D., and Karin Decker Colorado Natural Heritage Program Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Peer Review Administered by Society for Conservation Biology Anderson, G.D., S. Neid, and K. Decker (2006, October 30). Primula egaliksensis Wormskjold ex Hornemann (Greenland primrose): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/primulaegaliksensis.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was facilitated by the helpfulness and generosity of many experts, particularly Alessia Guggisberg, Bonnie Heidel, Tass Kelso, Betsy Neely, Steve Olson, Susan Spackman Panjabi, and John Sanderson. Their interest in the project and time spent answering questions were extremely valuable, and their insights into the distribution, threats, habitat, and ecology of Primula egaliksensis were crucial to this project. Tass Kelso (professor at Colorado College, Colorado Springs) was especially generous with her time, expertise, and knowledge, providing critical information, literature, photos, and contacts. Alessia Guggisberg generously offered resources and expertise, and provided Figure 1. Thanks to Kimberly Nguyen for the work on the layout and for bringing this assessment to Web publication. Thanks also to Janet Coles, Kathy Roche, Beth Burkhart, Richard Vacirca, Gary Patton, Jim Maxwell, Andy Kratz, and Joy Bartlett for assisting with peer review and project management. Jane Nusbaum, Mary Olivas, and Carmen Morales provided financial oversight. Annette Miller provided information on seed storage status. Michelle Fink offered advice and technical expertise on map production for this assessment. -
Plantas, Espacios Y Públicos. El Desarrollo De La Botánica En La España Peninsular Entre 1833 Y 1936
INSTITUTO DE ESPAÑA REAL ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE FARMACIA PLANTAS, ESPACIOS Y PÚBLICOS. EL DESARROLLO DE LA BOTÁNICA EN LA ESPAÑA PENINSULAR ENTRE 1833 Y 1936 DISCURSO DEL EXCMO. SR. D. ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ BUENO LEÍDO EL 8 DE OCTUBRE DE 2020 EN EL ACTO DE SU TOMA DE POSESIÓN COMO ACADÉMICO DE NÚMERO Y CONTESTACIÓN DEL EXCMO. SR. DON FRANCISCO JAVIER PUERTO SARMIENTO MADRID MMXX REAL ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE FARMACIA PLANTAS, ESPACIOS Y PÚBLICOS. EL DESARROLLO DE LA BOTÁNICA EN LA ESPAÑA PENINSULAR ENTRE 1833 Y 1936 INSTITUTO DE ESPAÑA REAL ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE FARMACIA PLANTAS, ESPACIOS Y PÚBLICOS. EL DESARROLLO DE LA BOTÁNICA EN LA ESPAÑA PENINSULAR ENTRE 1833 Y 1936 DISCURSO DEL EXCMO. SR. D. ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ BUENO LEÍDO EL 8 DE OCTUBRE DE 2020 EN EL ACTO DE SU TOMA DE POSESIÓN COMO ACADÉMICO DE NÚMERO Y CONTESTACIÓN DEL EXCMO. SR. DON FRANCISCO JAVIER PUERTO SARMIENTO MADRID MMXX Queda rigurosamente prohibida, sin la autorización escrita de los derechos del copyright, bajo las sanciones establecidas en la ley, la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra, por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la reprografía y tratamiento informático y la distribución de ella mediante alquiler o préstamo. © 2020 de los textos, sus autores Edita: Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia ISBN: 978-84-949499-9-9 Depósito legal: M-25069-2020 Maquetación: La Botella de Leyden Impresión: Booksfactory, Madrid. DISCURSO DE INGRESO EN LA REAL ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE FARMACIA DEL EXCMO. SR. D. ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ BUENO Agradecimientos 7 PLANTAS, ESPACIOS Y PÚBLICOS. EL -
Library Books Available for Sponsorship Under the Celebratory and Commemorative Giving Scheme
Library books available for sponsorship under the Celebratory and Commemorative Giving scheme Kew’s Library, Art and Archives is one of the most important botanical reference sources in the world, containing more than seven and a half million items, including books, illustrations, photographs, manuscript and maps. Dedicating a new botanical book in Kew’s library is a wonderful way to celebrate the life of a loved one or to remember a special anniversary or family event. The following books are available for a gift of £250 each. A book-plate carrying your personal dedication will be added to the front of your sponsored book. In addition, all sponsorships are recorded on Kew’s Commemorative Register, and you will be sent a certificate complete with your dedication as a thank you for helping Kew. Please contact [email protected] or call 020 8332 3645 Native flora of Louisiana, folio edition. Margaret Stones & L.E. Urbatsch. Louisiana State University Press, 2018. A new folio-size edition of “Flora of Louisiana : watercolour drawings by Margaret Stones”, first published in 1991. Margaret Stones (1920-2018) was widely acknowledged as one of the world’s foremost botanical artists, and worked at Kew for 25 years as principal illustrator for “Curtis’s botanical magazine”. When commissioned for the original edition of this book, she produced over 200 superb botanical watercolours of native plants of Louisiana, here reproduced in a larger size which allows appreciation of their delicate detail. They are accompanied by botanical descriptions by L. Urbatsch, updated for this new edition. Flora Danica : the story behind Flora Danica. -
The Mycological Legacy of Elias Magnus Fries
The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries Petersen, Ronald H.; Knudsen, Henning Published in: IMA Fungus DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04 Publication date: 2015 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Petersen, R. H., & Knudsen, H. (2015). The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries. IMA Fungus, 6(1), 99- 114. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04 Download date: 08. apr.. 2020 IMA FUNGUS · 6(1): 99–114 (2015) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04 ARTICLE The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries Ronald H. Petersen1, and Henning Knudsen2 1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996–1100 USA; corresponding author e–mail: [email protected] 2Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 2 C, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract: The taxonomic concepts which originated with or were accepted by Elias Magnus Fries Key words: were presented during his lifetime in the printed word, illustrative depiction, and in collections of dried Biography specimens. This body of work was welcomed by the mycological and botanical communities of his time: Fungi students and associates aided Fries and after his passing carried forward his taxonomic ideas. His legacy Systema mycologicum spawned a line of Swedish and Danish mycologists intent on perpetuating the Fries tradition: Hampus Taxonomy von Post, Lars Romell, Seth Lundell and John Axel Nannfeldt in Sweden; Emil Rostrup, Severin Petersen Uppsala and Jakob Lange in Denmark. Volumes of color paintings and several exsiccati, most notably one edited by Lundell and Nannfeldt attached fungal portraits and preserved specimens (and often photographs) to Fries names. -
Royal Copenhagen
20 19 1 CATALOGUE — 2019 1 bl ue For more than 240 years, the universe of blue has encapsulated Royal Copenhagen. It lives in ration, proud craftsmanship, and treasures from the past. Leaving marks of memories in the the cobalt blue depths of the hand-painted decorations, floating as calm seas across porcelain sand, passing on stories of heritage. Pulling on history as they are drawn back into the sea, surfaces. And it lives in the three waves marked on every piece of porcelain; an ocean of blue bringing the future with them as they return. The colour of the waves is the deepest of blue, that surrounds us, defines us, and connects us, and that tells tales of legacy, nationality, and embracing mind and soul as it takes you on a journey to the calmness of the oceans. A journey authenticity. The waves carry stories from far away, whispering legacy fables of cultural inspi- to stories reflected in blue. 2 3 Foreword by Lone Rahbek Ethnologist the sea As Danes, we are drawn towards the sea, as our feeling of happiness increases as we walk along the beach, swim in the cool waters, surf and sail the white-tipped waves, or enjoy the view of the sea. One might be led to believe that the geography of Denmark is the sole reason for the impact from the ocean on the happiness of the Danes. Our country is surrounded by the ocean – the Baltic Sea, the Kattegat, the Skagerrak, and the Northern Sea – and is made up of the peninsula Jutland and more than 1,400 islands connected by fer- ries, air routes, and many bridges, the latter of which are such a sub- stantial part of our identity that they are depicted on our banknotes. -
A Transnational Study of Arctic Travel Narratives, 1818-1883
From science in the Arctic to Arctic science: a transnational study of Arctic travel narratives, 1818-1883 Nanna Katrine Lüders Kaalund A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Science and Technology Studies, York University Toronto, Ontario April 2017 © Nanna Katrine Lüders Kaalund 2017 Abstract This thesis examines the making and communicating of knowledge about the Arctic from a transnational perspective between 1818 and the First International Polar Year in 1882-83. By examining both well-known and hitherto neglected narratives from Danish, British, and British-Canadian Arctic explorations, I show that changes in ideas about what it meant to be an authoritative observer of Arctic phenomena were linked to tensions in imperial ambitions, national identity, and international collaboration. By framing polar surveying in the broadest sense as the ordering and quantifying of nature through travel, I analyse how abstract notions of the Arctic became tangible in the nineteenth century. I am concerned with the practices of writing the Arctic experience, especially the relationship between science, and the strategies for constructing a trustworthy narrative voice. That is, I investigate the ways in which the identities of the explorers and the organizing bodies shaped the expeditions, and by extension the representation of the ventures, the explorers, and the science they produced. In doing so, I argue that the Arctic played a key role in shaping Western science, and understandings of national and imperial identities, and that travel narratives were a significant resource for communicating this knowledge. -
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