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Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 17 PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series A - No.71 PAPERS IN AUSTRALIAN LINGUISTICS No.17 Peter Austin Leone Dunn Stephen M. Swartz William B. McGregor Lynette F. Oates Kathleen Glasgow Helen Geytenbeek Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Dunn, L., Geytenbeek, H., Glasgow, K., McGregor, W., Oates, L. and Swartz, S. editors. Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 17. A-71, iv + 277 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1988. DOI:10.15144/PL-A71.cover ©1988 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is issued through the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and consists of four series: SERIES A: Occasional Papers SERIES C: Books SERIES B: Monographs SERIES D: Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: S.A. Wunn EDITORIAL BOARD: D.C. Laycock, D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton, M.D. Ross EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender H.P. McKaughan University of Hawaii University of Hawaii David Bradley. P. Miihlhiiusler La Trobe University Linacre College, Oxford Michael G. Clyne G.N. O'Grady Monash University University of Victoria, B.C. S.H. Elbert A.K. Pawley University of Hawaii University of Auckland KJ. Franklin K.L. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W.Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W. Grace Gillian Sankoff University of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K. Halliday W.A.L. Stokhof University of Sydney University of Leiden E. Haugen B.K. T'sou Harvard University City Pol ytechnic of Hong Kong A. Healey E.M. Uhlenbeck Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Lciden L.A. Hercus J.W.M. Verhaar Australian National University Divine Word Institute, Madang John LynCh C.L. Voorhoeve, Umversity of Papua NewGuinea University of Lciden K.A. McElhanon Summer Institute of Linguistics All correspondence concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies The Australian National University G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601 Australia Copyright © The Authors First Published 1988 Typeset by Sue Tys Maps drawn by Theo Baumann Printed by A.N.U. Printing Service Bound by Adriatic Bookbinders Pty Ltd The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for assistance in the production of this series This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. ISSN 0078-7531 ISBN 08588337 7 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS CLASSIFI CATION OF SOUTHERN PILBARA LANGUAGES Peter Austin 1-17 BADI MAYA, A WESTERN AUSTRALIAN LANGUAGE Leone Dunn 19-149 PRAGMATIC STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER IN WARLPIRI Stephen M. Swartz 151-166 EXISTENTIAL CLAUSES IN GOONIYANDI: A SYSTEMIC­ FUNCTI ONAL DESCRIPTION William B. McGregor 167-184 BARRANBINYA: FRAGMENTS OF A N.S.W. ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE Lynette F. Oates 185-204 THE STRUCTURE AND SYSTEM OF BURARRA SENTENCES Kathleen Glasgow 205-251 CASE RELATIONSHIPS IN NYANGUMARTA Helen Geytenbeek 253-274 iii Dunn, L., Geytenbeek, H., Glasgow, K., McGregor, W., Oates, L. and Swartz, S. editors. Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 17. A-71, iv + 277 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1988. DOI:10.15144/PL-A71.cover ©1988 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. CLASSIFICATION OF SOUTHERN PILBARA LANGUAGES Peter Austin 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Th is paper is an attempt to provide evidence for a genetic classification of the Au stralian Aboriginal languages originally spoken in the area between the Ashburton and Gascoyne rivers in northern Western Australia. Following von Brandenstein 1967, I will refer to this area as the southern 'Pilbara region ', using the geographical term 'pilbara ' in a slight ly wider than normal sense . Traditionally , there were ten languages spoken in the southern Pilbara, some of them showing a degree of dialectal differentiation . These languages will be classified into four first-order genetic groups as follows (for language 2 locations , see map) : 1. Kartu - Yingkarta 2. Kanyara - Payungu , Purduna , Thalanyji, Pinikura 3. Mantharta - Tharrkari , Warriyangka , Thiin , Jiwarli 4. Ngayarta - Jurruru The higher-order relationships between these language groups , and other languages outside the southern Pilbara region , have yet to be fully established (but see O'Grady et al 1966, Wurm 1972) . Data sources for this study are as follows : (1) for Yingkarta: Dench 1979 , unpublished fieldnotes and recordings collected by G.N. O'Grady ; (2) for Payungu , Purduna, Thalanyj i, Tharkari , Thiin and Jiwarli: material collected by the author during fieldwork in 1978 and 1985 (supported by grants from the Department of Anthropology , University of Western Australia, the Au stralian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, La Trobe University and the Au stralian Research Grants Scheme) ; (3) for Payungu , Thalanyj i, Tharrkari, Warriyangka , Thiin and Jurruru : unpub­ lished notes and recordings made available by G.N. O'Grady ; (4) for Tharrkari : Klokeid 1969 and unpublished fieldnotes; (5) for Jurruru : notes made available by A. Dench and C.G. von Brandenstein; (6) for Warriyangka , Thiin and Pinikura : notes from C.G. von Brandenstein . In some cases , source transcriptions and analysis have been altered in minor ways . None of the scholars who kindly made their material available can be he ld responsible for errors of fact or interpretation in this paper . Papers in Australian linguistics No .17, 1-17. Paci fi c Linguistics , A-71, 1988. © Peter Austin 1 Austin, P. "Classification of Southern Pilbara Languages". In Dunn, L., Geytenbeek, H., Glasgow, K., McGregor, W., Oates, L. and Swartz, S. editors, Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 17. A-71:1-17. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1988. DOI:10.15144/PL-A71.1 ©1988 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 2 PETER AUSTIN INDIAN OCEAN o 50 , , Kilometres NGAYART A KURRAMA THALANYJI , PINIKURA KANYARA }.. PANYJIMA ,," " , ," PURDUNA " , " JIWARLI , " ... \, " " JURRURU .............., , MANTHART A THIIN \ I I I WARRIYANGKA I " ... , ... ... ... " ........ __ ....-- KARTU WAJARRI Map: Location of languages menti oned in the text 2. PREV IOUS CLASSIFICATIONS The earliest published classification mentioning southern Pilbara languages is O'Grady et al 1966 . In this lexicostatistical classification , there are four subgroups of the Nyungic group of the Pama-Nyungan family represented in the southern Pilbara region: 3 Kanyara - Payungu , Purduna , Thalanyji, Tharrkari , Watiwangka Mantharta - Warriyangka , Thiin, Jiwarli Kartu - Yingkarta 4 Ngayarta - Jurruru , Pinikura O'Grady (1966:121) presents a cognate density matrix for some of these languages . This was used by O'Grady to support the proposed classification (figure s repre­ sent percentage cognates on a standard wordlist) : CLASSIFICATION OF SOUTHERN PILBARA LANGUAGES 3 Thalanyji 79 Purduna 43 46 Tharrkari 31 36 45 Harriyangka 63 59 35 37 Payungu 36 36 36 33 51 Yingkarta The lexicostatistical classification was later amended by O'Grady with respect to Tharrkari, as Klokeid (1969:1) notes: according to comparisons made by G.N. O'Grady and the author in July 1967 , Thargari is a member of the Mantharda subgroup , Nyungic group of the Pama-Nyungan family. In his earlier classification in 1966 , p.37 and p.lll , O'Grady had tenta­ tively placed Thargari in the Kanyara subgroup . The reasons for th is amendment are not spe lled out by Klokeid and have not appeared in print (in the published matrix (see above ), Tharrkari shares 45% with Warriyangka but 46% with Purduna) . For evidence that the reassignment of Tharrkari is correct , see section 5 below. Wurm (1972 :125) adopts this revised classification and presents a listing identical to O'Grady et al 1966 , except that Tharrkari is assigned to the Mantharta subgroup . Austin 1981 accepts the lexically based classification of Kanyara and Mantharta groups , but , using an unpublished vocabulary from O'Grady , places Jurruru with the Mantharta languages . Grammatical criteria supporting such a classification are also invoked (op.cit. 298-299) . Data recently made available shows that Jurruru meets none of the distinguishing criteria and hence cannot be classed as a Mantharta language . The data points to an affiliation to the north with 5 the Ngayarta languages (see 3.4 below) . Wordick (1982:7) , in fact , lists Jurruru and Pinikura as Ngayartic languages , stating that they "apparently resemble Yindj ibarndi and Kurrama ." A somewhat different classification has been devised by von Brandenstein and reported in Oates (1975:65) . It dismantles the Mantharta grouping and sub­ divides Ngayarta into coastal and inland sections . The classification is as follows (von Brandenstein 's spelling of language names is retained here) : Kanyara subgroup - Bainggu , Dalandji, Burduna , Dargud i Coastal Ngayarda subgroup - Dj iwarli , Binigura , Nuala , Gurama , Jindj ibarndi Inland Ngayarda subgroup - Njamal , Bandjima , Djururu , Warianga , Inawanga Notice that Tharrkari , Jiwarli and Warriyangka are here classified into three 6 separate subgroups . Oates (1975:72) notes that Tharrkari was : classified by O'Grady et al as belonging to the Mantharta subgroup , but von Brandenstein says it is an AVC dialect so has been reclassified here , together with Denma , a sub- group. Also , she states (ibid. 76) that Warriyangka was: originally classified by O'Grady and Wurm as part of the Mantharta subgroup , but von Brandenstein shows it is linked with Bandjima , being basically an AVC language with PVC intrusions . 4 PETER AUSTIN For reasons detailed below (see 3.3 and Appendix), I believe these revisions are incorrect and that the Mantharta group must stand as a genetic unity . Unfortu­ nately , von Brandenstein's errors have been reproduced by Wurm and Hattori eds 1981 , in their Map 20, which appears to be based on the same classification as that described by Oates .
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