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Sarız (Kayseri) Yöresinde Yetişen Makromantarlar Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştırmalar.Pdf

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Sarız (Kayseri) Yöresinde Yetişen Makromantarlar Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştırmalar.Pdf SARIZ (KAYSERİ) YÖRESİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLAR ÜZERİNDE TAKSONOMİK ARAŞTIRMALAR Osman Yaşar ATİLA Yüksek Lisans Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran-2013 i T.C KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ SARIZ (KAYSERİ) YÖRESİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLAR ÜZERİNDE TAKSONOMİK ARAŞTIRMALAR YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Osman Yaşar ATİLA Anabilim Dalı: Biyoloji Programı: Yüksek Lisans Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA KARAMAN-2013 ii TEZ ONAYI Osman Yaşar ATİLA tarafından hazırlanan “Sarız (Kayseri) Yöresinde Yetişen Makromantarlar Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştırmalar” adlı tez çalışması aşağıdaki jüri tarafından oy birliği / oy çokluğu ile Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı’nda Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Danışman Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Juri Üyeleri İmza: Ünvanı, Adı ve Soyadı Ünvanı, Adı ve Soyadı Ünvanı, Adı ve Soyadı Tez Savunma Tarihi: ……/…../……. Yukarıdaki sonucu onaylarım Enstitü Müdürü iii TEZ BİLDİRİMİ Yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Osman Yaşar ATİLA i ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi SARIZ (KAYSERİ) YÖRESİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLAR ÜZERİNDE TAKSONOMİK ARAŞTIRMALAR Osman Yaşar ATİLA Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran, 2013, 145 sayfa Bu çalışma Sarız (Kayseri) yöresinde yetişen makromantarlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2010-2012 yılları arasında periyodik olarak gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları sürecinde 364 makromantar örneği toplanmıştır. Laboratuar ortamına taşınan örnekler, kurutularak fungaryum materyali haline getirilmiştir. Gerekli tür tanı işlemleri sonucunda Ascomycota ve Basidiomycota bölümleri içinde yer alan 6 takım, 22 familya ve 45 cinse ait toplam 53 takson teşhis edilmiştir. Tanımlanan taksonlardan 2 tanesi Pezizomycetes (1 Helvellaceae, 1 Morchellaceae) 51 tanesi ise Agaricomycetes (9 Agaricaceae, 7 Psathyrellaceae, 7 Strophariaceae, 4 Polyporaceae, 4 Tricholomataceae, 2 Inocybaceae, 2 Marasmiaceae, 2 Physalacriaceae, 2 Pleurotaceae, 2 Pluteaceae, 1 Bolbitiaceae, 1 Cyphellaceae, 1 Helvellaceae, 1 Hymenochaetaceae, 1 Incertae Cedis, 1 Lyophyllaceae, 1 Meruliaceae, 1 Morchellaceae, 1 Paxillaceae, 1 Russulaceae, 1 Schizophyllaceae, 1 Stereaceae) sınıfları içinde yer almaktadır. Otuz iki tür (%60,4) yenilebilir, 13 tür (%24,5) yenmez, 8 tür (%15,1) ise az ya da çok zehirli niteliktedir. Yedi tanesi (Agaricus campestris, Bovista plumbea, Calvatia gigantea, Lycoperdon molle, Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus ve Stropharia coronilla) yörede toplanmakta ve besin olarak tüketilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Makromantar, taksonomi, Sarız, Kayseri ii ABSTRACT Ms Thesis Taxonomic Investigations on the Macrofungi Growing in Sarız (Kayseri) District Osman Yaşar ATİLA Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA June, 2013, 145 pages This study was carried out on the macrofungi growing in Sarız (Kayseri) district. 364 macrofungi samples were collected during pediodical field trips between 2010 and 2012. Transfering the samples to the lab, they were dried and prepared as fungarium materials. As a result of necessary idendification processes, 53 taxa belonging to 6 orders, 22 families and 45 genera, within the divisions of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, were determined. Two of the determined taxa belong to Pezizomycetes (1 Helvellaceae, 1 Morchellaceae) and 51 to Agaricomycetes (9 Agaricaceae, 7 Psathyrellaceae, 7 Strophariaceae, 4 Polyporaceae, 4 Tricholomataceae, 2 Inocybaceae, 2 Marasmiaceae, 2 Physalacriaceae, 2 Pleurotaceae, 2 Pluteaceae, 1 Bolbitiaceae, 1 Cyphellaceae, 1 Helvellaceae, 1 Hymenochaetaceae, 1 Incertae Cedis, 1 Lyophyllaceae, 1 Meruliaceae, 1 Morchellaceae, 1 Paxillaceae, 1 Russulaceae, 1 Schizophyllaceae, 1 Stereaceae). Thirty two (%60,4) are edible, 13 (%24,5) are inedible and 8 (%15,1) are more or less poisonous. Seven of them (Agaricus campestris, Bovista plumbea, Calvatia gigantea, Lycoperdon molle, Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus ve Stropharia coronilla) are collected and consumed in the region. Keywords: Makrofungus, taxonomy, Sarız, Kayseri iii ÖN SÖZ Günümüzde ayrı bir alem olarak ele alınan mantarlar, dünyanın ikinci kalabalık canlı grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Yenilebilen ve zehirli türleri bulunan mantarlar çok eski devirlerden beri insanlar tarafından tanınmakta, besin kaynağı olarak tüketilmekte ve ilaç yapımında kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye mikotasının belirlenmesine yönelik birçok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen henüz çalışılmamış alanlar bulunmaktadır. Sarız yöresinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile yörenin makromantar çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi, yöre insanının bilgilendirilmesi ve ülkemiz makromikotasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yüksek Lisans Tez danışmanlığımı üstlenen, mantarların teşhisinde ve tezin yazımında öneri ve yardımlarını esirgemeyen hocam sayın Doç. Dr. Abdullah Kaya’ya, çalışmalarım esnasında desteğini her zaman gördüğüm eşim Bircan ATİLA’ya ve mantarların toplanmasında bana eşlik eden yöre halkından Eşe Çetinkaya, Osman Pekacar, Fidan Pekacar ve Günsel Kenç’e teşekkür ederim. Osman Yaşar ATİLA Haziran, 2013 iv İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖZET ............................................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... iii ÖN SÖZ .......................................................................................................................... iv ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................ vii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ..................................................................................................... viii SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ ................................................................. x 1.GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. KAYNAK ARAŞTIRMASI ....................................................................................... 3 3. MATERYAL VE METOT ....................................................................................... 15 3.1. Araştırma yöresinin genel tanıtımı .......................................................................... 15 3.1.1. Coğrafi konum ...................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2. İklim ve bitki örtüsü .............................................................................................. 16 3.1.3. Jeolojik yapı ve toprak özellikleri ......................................................................... 17 3.2. Materyal ................................................................................................................... 17 3.3. Metot ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.3.1. Arazi çalışması ...................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2. Labaratuar çalışması ............................................................................................. 18 4. BULGULAR .............................................................................................................. 19 4.1. Teşhisi yapılan türlerin sistematiği .......................................................................... 19 4.2. Belirlenen Türlerin Özellikleri ................................................................................. 23 4.2.1. Helvella leucopus Pers. ........................................................................................ 23 4.2.2. Morchella deliciosa Fr. ........................................................................................ 24 4.2.3. Agaricus campestris L. ........................................................................................ 25 4.2.4. Bovista plumbea Pers.:Pers. ................................................................................. 27 4.2.5. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. ................................................................... 28 4.2.6. Calvatia gigantea (Batsch) Lloyd ........................................................................ 30 4.2.7. Lepiota erminea (Fr.) Gillet ................................................................................. 31 4.2.8. Leucoagaricus leucothites (Vittad.) M.M. Moser ex Bon ................................... 32 4.2.9. Lycoperdon molle Pers.: Pers. .............................................................................. 33 4.2.10. Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. ................................................................................ 35 4.2.11. Macrolepiota excoriata (Schaeff.: Fr.) Wass. ................................................... 36 4.2.12. Conocybe apala (Fr.: Fr.) Arnolds ..................................................................... 37 4.2.13. Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.)
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