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Download Full Article in PDF Format Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 2008, 29 (2): 157-177 © 2008 Adac. Tous droits réservés Records of French coprophilous fungi Michael J. RICHARDSON 165 Braid Road,Edinburgh EH10 6JE U.K. [email protected] Telephone: 0131 447 8165 Résumé – Des détails sont donnés sur 169 espèces de mycètes coprophiles se développant sur 86 échantillons de fumier collectés en France (67 de la métropole, 5 de Corse, 5 de Guadeloupe et 9 des îles Kerguelen) après incubation en chambres humides. ascomycètes / basidiomycetes / biogéographie / diversité / écologie / fimicoles Abstract – Details are given of 169 species of coprophilous fungi developing on 86 samples of dung from France (67 from mainland France, 5 from Corsica, 5 from Guadeloupe and 9 from the Kerguelen Islands) and incubated in moist chambers. ascomycetes / basidiomycetes / biogeography / diversity / ecology / fimicoles INTRODUCTION During various visits to France from 1997-2007 samples of herbivore dung were collected and, on return to the UK, incubated in a damp chamber. Additionally, through the kind help of Jean-Louis Chapuis (Muséum national de Histoire naturelle, Paris), some samples were obtained from the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean between Australia and South Africa. The coprophilous fungi that developed were recorded. MATERIAL AND METHODS Details of the samples collected and incubated to provide records are given in Table 1, and their distribution is shown in Fig. 1. Most were dry when collected, and were placed in paper envelopes. Those that were not were air dried and then packeted. Most samples, other than those from the Kerguelen Islands, were rehydrated and incubated soon after collection on moist paper towelling in plastic boxes with lightly fitting transparent lids, under ambient light and at room temperature (ca 15-18°C). Care was taken to ensure that cultures were not too wet. Samples were generally of similar size, with incubation chambers 10 × 7 cm, which would accommodate approx. 2-4 g D.W. (= 15 sheep/goat/deer - 20 rabbit pellets), or 13 × 8 cm for horse or cattle (approx. 10 - 20 g D.W.). Samples were 158 M.J. Richardson Fig. 1. Map showing the départements from which samples were collected, and the number from each. The two samples between Aude and the Pyrénées-Orientales were collected on the boundary between the two départements. In addition, 5 samples were collected from Guadeloupe and 9 from the Kerguelen Islands. examined frequently at intervals of a few days, with a × 7 - 45 magnification stereomicroscope. Fruiting bodies were removed and mounted in water for examination and identification at higher magnification. Samples were mostly incubated for up to 22 wk (exceptionally for one sample for over a year), with observations continuing whilst new fungi were being observed. Sample locality coordinates (latitude and longitude) for most were determined with a Magellan GPS 4000 XL or eXplorist 100 GPS unit; those for Corsica and the Kerguelen Islands were obtained by using Google Earth and the locality details provided by the collectors. Selected material has been placed in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden,Edinburgh (E). In considering diversity, a cumulative species French coprophilous fungi 159 Table 1. Details of French dung samples and collection localities Sample Elevation Latitude Longitude Locality Département Date Substrate no.* (m a.s.l.) (°) (°) 106/97 le Caroux Herault 1000 N43.59 E2.98 2.10.97 deer 107/97 le Caroux Herault 1000 N43.60 E2.98 2.10.97 hare 108/97 la Tour Herault 1050 N43.60 E3.00 2.10.97 deer 109/97 la Tour Herault 1050 N43.60 E3.00 2.10.97 hare 110/97 le Caylar Herault750 N43.88 E3.32 7.10.97sheep 111/97 la Couvertoirade Aveyron 800 N43.91 E3.32 7.10.97 hare 112/97 la Couvertoirade Aveyron 780 N43.90 E3.30 7.10.97sheep 113/97 la Couvertoirade Aveyron 780 N43.90 E3.30 7.10.97rabbit 114/97 le Caylar Herault725 N43.87 E3.30 7.10.97 cattle 115/97 Colombieres Herault740 N43.60 E3.018.10.97 deer 116/97 St Gervais Herault350 N43.66 E3.06 10.10.97 deer 117/97 St Gervais Herault350 N43.66 E3.06 10.10.97rabbit 18/98 Montgrand Tarn1240 N43.69 E2.72 20.4.98 hare 19/98 Roc de Montalet Tarn1240 N43.68 E2.74 20.4.98 cattle 20/98 Roc de Montalet Tarn1240 N43.68 E2.74 20.4.97 hare 21/98 Roc de Montalet Tarn1240 N43.68 E2.74 20.4.98 hare 22/98 Bois de Lause Tarn1200 N43.67 E2.8720.4.98 mouflon 23/98 Soumal,Douch Herault 950 N43.62 E2.9722.4.98 mouflon 24/98 Soumal,Douch Herault 950 N43.62 E2.9722.4.98 mouflon 25/98 Salis,Douch Herault750 N43.62 E2.95 22.4.98 hare 26/98 Douch Herault 920 N43.62 E2.9722.4.98 hare 50/98 Garabit Cantal850 N44.97 E3.18 8.6.98 rabbit 51/98 Montagne de Herault 500 N43.63 E3.37 11.6.98 hare Liausson 52/98 Monts de Herault 900 N43.67 E2.93 16.6.98 cattle l’Espinouse 53/98 Monts de Herault 900 N43.67 E2.95 16.6.98 hare l’Espinouse 54/98 Monts de Herault 900 N43.67 E2.93 16.6.98 deer l’Espinouse 160 M.J. Richardson Table 1. Details of French dung samples and collection localities (continued) Sample Elevation Latitude Longitude Locality Département Date Substrate no.* (m a.s.l.) (°) (°) 55/98 le Caylar Herault 800 N43.89 E3.30 18.6.98 sheep 56/98 le Caylar Herault 800 N43.89 E3.30 18.6.98 sheep 57/98 le Caylar Herault 800 N43.89 E3.30 18.6.98 rabbit 13/99 Gourdon Lot300 N44.68 E1.423.6.99 sheep 15/99 Carnac Morbihan15 N47.60 W3.0814.6.99 horse 23/99 le Fourquet Lot300 N44.73 E1.40 4.8.99 deer 3/01 Île Cimetiere Kerguelen 40 S49.49 E70.08 31.1.01 rabbit 4/01 Port-aux-Francais Kerguelen 100 S49.35 E70.22 13.2.01 rabbit 5/01 Col de SerraCorsica 360 N42.97 E9.37 9.4.01goat 6/01 Cascades des Corsica 1100 N42.12 E9.10 10.4.01 sheep Anglais 7/01 Acqua DoriaCorsica 250 N41.76 E8.72 12.4.01 sheep 8/01 S of Col de LavaCorsica 400 N42.23 E8.6413.4.01goat 9/01 OtaCorsica 350 N42.26 E8.76 13.4.01donkey 11/01 Île Cimetiere Kerguelen 40 S49.49 E70.084.1.01 rabbit 12/01 Île Cimetiere Kerguelen 40 S49.49 E70.084.1.01 rabbit 13/01 Île Cimetiere Kerguelen 40 S49.49 E70.084.1.01 rabbit 14/01 Île Cimetiere Kerguelen 40 S49.49 E70.084.1.01 rabbit 15/01 Île Haute Kerguelen 50 S49.39 E69.936.2.01 sheep 16/01 Île Haute Kerguelen 50 S49.39 E69.936.2.01 sheep 17/01 Île Haute Kerguelen 50 S49.39 E69.936.2.01 sheep 86/01 Lac de Montbel, Ariège 400 N42.96 E2.02 4.11.01horse Puivert 03/02 Espéraza cross, Aude 340 N42.94 E2.22 28.3.02 rabbit Aude 04/02 W of Espéraza Aude 350 N42.94 E2.22 28.3.02 sheep cross 05/02 W of Espéraza Aude 350 N42.94 E2.22 28.3.02 deer cross French coprophilous fungi 161 Table 1. Details of French dung samples and collection localities (continued) Sample Elevation Latitude Longitude Locality Département Date Substrate no.* (m a.s.l.) (°) (°) 06/02 Route D54,Arques Aude 460 N42.96 E2.381.4.02 hare 07/02 les Plas,Antugnac Aude 370 N42.94 E2.23 5.4.02 hare 08/02 Camps de la Borde, Aude 400 N42.85 E2.22 6.4.02 deer Cavirac 09/02 Bitrague,Quillan Aude 300 N42.88 E2.19 6.4.02 rabbit 17/02 Pic de Brau, Aude 600 N43.01 E2.23 1.7.02 sheep Roquetaillade 18/02 Pic de Brau, Aude 620 N43.01 E2.23 1.7.02 sheep Roquetaillade 19/02 Pic de Brau, Aude 620 N43.01 E2.23 1.7.02 hare Roquetaillade 08/03 Soumal,Douch Herault 940 N43.61 E2.96 18.3.03 mouflon 09/03 Soumal,Douch Herault 940 N43.61 E2.96 18.3.03 hare 10/03 Soumal,Douch Herault 960 N43.61 E2.97 18.3.03 rabbit 11/03 path to Pic de Aude 800 N42.87 E2.38 21.3.03 cattle Bugarach 12/03 la Frau Haute Aude 600 N42.97 E2.36 23.3.03 horse 56/03 Quéribus, Aude 640 N42.84 E2.62 15.11.03 goat Cucugnan 57/03 road to le Poux, Aude 300 N42.94 E2.2117.11.03 rabbit Espéraza 18/04 Col de Jau Aude 1510 N42.69 E2.25 21.4.04hare 19/04 Pic Dourmidou Aude/ 1840 N42.71 E2.26 21.4.04hare Pyrénées- Orientales 20/04 Pic Dourmidou Aude/ 1840 N42.71 E2.26 21.4.04 cattle Pyrénées- Orientales 21/04 Col de Jau Aude 1510 N42.69 E2.25 21.4.04 vole? 22/04 Rennes-le-Château Aude 400 N42.92 E2.26 24.4.04hare 88/04 Granès,Quillan Aude 300 N42.89 E2.2111.9.04hare 89/04 Antugnac, CouizaAude 470 N42.95 E2.2112.9.04hare 162 M.J. Richardson Table 1. Details of French dung samples and collection localities (continued) Sample Elevation Latitude Longitude Locality Département Date Substrate no.* (m a.s.l.) (°) (°) 1/05 Domaine de Aude 250 N42.95 E2.23 14.3.05hare Garenaud, Montazels 28/05near Fa Aude 400 N42.93 E2.20 21.6.05hare 29/05 GR36,Col de Aude 575 N42.87 E2.54 22.6.05 cattle Gardiole, nr Peyrepertuse 30/05 GR36,Col de Aude 565 N42.87 E2.55 22.6.05 sheep Gardiole, nr Peyrepertuse 31/05 La Girude, Aude 460 N42.93 E2.20 22.6.05 sheep/goat Soulatgé 6/06 nr la Toupine, Aude 420 N42.91 E2.22 28.4.06 hare St-Ferriol 1/07 Fond Heliot, Guadeloupe 20 N16.28 W61.80 8.2.07 goat Deshaies, Basse- Terre 2/07 Fond Heliot, Guadeloupe 20 N16.28 W61.80 8.2.07 donkey Deshaies, Basse- Terre 3/07 Roches Caraibes, Guadeloupe 200 N16.03 W61.748.2.07 cattle? Bailiff, Basse-Terre 4/07 nr Plage Bois Jolan, Guadeloupe 5 N16.23 W61.3511.2.07 goat St-Anne,Grande- Terre 5/07 nr Plage Bois Jolan, Guadeloupe 5 N16.23 W61.3511.2.07 cattle St-Anne,Grande- Terre 44/07 Tourtrès Lot-et- 175 N44.51 E0.43 11.10.07 rabbit Garonne 45/07 D619, road junction Pyrénées- 880 N42.67 E2.43 15.10.07 hare to Comes,Eus Orientales 46/07 Camp Gast,Puivert Aude 610 N42.90 E2.07 21.10.07 cattle 50/07 la Coume,EspérazaAude 450 N42.93 E2.20 27.12.07 hare * = MJR sample no.
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