FINAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN OF EXPANSION OF ANIALI RANA BORDI LIMESTONE MINING PROJECT PROJECT CATEGORY: A (EXPANSION) LOCATION: NEAR VILLAGE: ANIALI TALUKA: RANAVAV, DISTRICT: PORBANDAR, STATE: GUJARAT
TOTAL LEASE AREA-12.27 (Ha) PROPOSED PRODUCTION: 1, 75,000 TONS PER ANNUM
BASELINE MONITORING PERIOD DECEMBER 2018- JANUARY 2019- FEBRUARY 2019 PROJECT PROPONENT
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Reg office: Bombay House, 24 Homi Mody Street, Mumbai-400001, Site office: PO.- Mithapur, Tehsil- Okhamandal, District-Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat
EIA CONSULTANT IN SITU ENVIRO CARE PVT. LTD. QCI/NABET Accredited & ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company NABET Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1821/RA0070 To, Date: 01.06.2021
The Member Secretary Expert Appraisal Committee Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jor Bagh Road New Delhi-110003
Sub: Submission of final EIA/EMP report for grant of Environmental Clearance for Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project over an area of 12.27 Ha. near village-Aniali, Tehsil- Ranavav, District- Porbandar, State- Gujarat.
Ref: Terms of Reference (ToR) awarded by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, with vide letter no- J-11015/100/2018-IA.II (M) dated 09-10-2018
Dear Sir, This is with above reference and mentioned subject that the Final EIA/EMP report has been prepared as per the generic structure prescribed in MoEF&CC notification S.O.1533(E) dated 14th September 2006.
The report is submitted for your kind perusal and onwards needful action for grant of Environment Clearance.
Thanking you,
Paresh C. Tank General Manager-Corporate Affairs TATA Chemicals Limited Gujarat c TI'^-\ Trn
Date 1110912017
Authority Letter
This is to state that Sh. Paresh Tank will be the official correspondent from our side for carrying our Environmental clearance work of Limestone Mines.
He also holds the authority to present himself before the appraisal committee at the time of presentations.
He may sign the documents on behalf of Tata Chemicals Limited. Name - Sh. Paresh Tank Designation- General Manager- Corporate Affairs Phone number- 079-614061 05 Fax- 02892-223361 E, Mail - [email protected]
Authorised by /7* (B B Kathpalia) VP- Manufacturing Tata Chemicals Limited Mithapur (Gujarat)
IATA CHEMICALS UM]TED Mhhapur :16I :l4S Disrrid Devbhoomi Dwarka Gujarat Tel + 9l (02892) 665991 t 2I I I 4 Fax + 9l (028921 223361 www.ratachemica*com nrgirrctld Ofhcc Eomby tloure 24 tlomi Mody Stre€r Forr Mumbai lloo oor CtN : Uta2i9MHt939ptCOO2B93 tu I Scanned by CamScanner
UNDERTAKING
This EIA/EMP Report is prepared for obtaining Environment Clearance (EC) of Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project near village-Aniali, Tehsil- Ranavav, District- Porbandar, State- Gujarat with a mine lease area of 12.27 Ha for mining of Limestone mineral has been prepared as per the conditions laid down in Terms of Reference (ToR) prescribed by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, with vide letter no- J-11015/100/2018- IA.II (M) dated 09-10-2018. I, Paresh C. Tank, the authorised signatory for M/s TATA Chemicals Limited, affirm that all the data submitted and the information presented in this report are factually correct to the best of my knowledge.
Thanking You,
Paresh C. Tank General Manager-Corporate Affairs TATA Chemicals Limited Gujarat Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
INDEX Cover Letter Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Annexure List of Abbreviations Executive Summary in English Questionnaire
S NO TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO
CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble 1 1.2 General Information on Mining of Minerals 1 1.3 Description of lease area 1 1.4 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 2 1.4.1 Name of the Project 2 1.4.2 Identification of Project Proponents 2 1.4.3 Location of mine lease and study area 3 1.5 Brief Description of the Project 6 1.6 Mine Connectivity 8 1.7 Importance of Project 10 1.8 Scope of the Study 10 1.9 Compliance of TOR 11 CHAPTER-2: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2.0 General 26 2.1 Description of the project 26 2.1.1 Lease hold area 27 2.1.2 Location details 31
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
2.1.3 Need for the Project 37 2.1.4 Salient features of the project 37 2.1.5 Size/Magnitude of Operation 40 2.2 Geology 42 2.2.1 Topography 42 2.2.2 Regional Geology 42 2.2.3 Local Geology 42 2.2.4 Description of the rocks units within the lease area 43 2.3 General Features 44 2.3.1 Surface Drainage Pattern 44 2.3.2 Vegetation 44 2.3.3 Climate 44 2.3.4 Rainfall 44 2.4 Quality of Reserves 48 2.4.1 Method of Estimation of Reserve 48 2.5 Method of Mining 48 2.5.1 Existing method of mining 48 2.5.2 Proposed Method of Mining 48 2.5.3 Mining Equipment 50 2.5.4 Sorting of limestone 61 2.5.5 Proposed Rate of Production 61 2.6 Life of Mine 61 2.7 Details of Mining Process 61 2.7.1 Conceptual Mining Plan 61 2.7.2 Ultimate Pit Depth Limit 62 2.8 Waste Management 62 2.8.1 Overburden/Waste Management 63 2.9 Beneficiation/Processing 63 2.10 Site Facility 65 2.10.1 Mining Office 65
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
2.10.2 Rest Shelter 65 2.10.3 Blasting Shelter 65 2.11 Utilities required 65 2.11.1 Power Supply 65 2.11.2 Workshop and Stores 65 2.11.3 Fuel Detail 65 2.11.4 Water Requirement 65 2.12 Waste Water generation 66 2.13 Mine Drainage 66 2.14 Storm Water 67 2.15 Employment Generation 67 2.16 Land Use Pattern (Present Vs Conceptual) 68 2.17 Break-up of areas in the mining lease 69 2.18 Reclamation and Rehabilitation of mined out area 72 CHAPTER-3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.0 General 73 3.1 Study Area & Study period 73 3.1.1 Methodology 73 3.2 Land Environment of the Study area 76 3.2.1 Land Use in Core Zone 76 3.2.2 Land Use in Buffer Zone 77 3.2.3 Seismicity of the area 80 3.2.4 Major environmental features in Study Area 80 3.3 Water Environment 81 3.3.1 Sampling frequency 81 3.3.2 Ground water 82 3.3.2.1 Ground water quality results and conclusion 86 3.3.3 Surface water 87 3.3.3.1 Surface water results and conclusion 90 3.4 Air Environment 90
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
3.4.1 Site specific meteorological data 90 3.4.2 Secondary Data Collected from IMD 92 3.4.3 Wind Pattern 92 3.4.4 Temperature 96 3.4.5 Relative Humidity 97 3.4.6 Ambient Air Quality 97 3.4.6.1 Selection Criteria for Monitoring Location 98 3.4.6.2 Baseline Scenario 105
3.4.6.3 Mineralogical composition of PM10 110 3.5 Noise Environment 111 3.5.1 Noise Level in the Study Area 111 3.5.2 Sources of Noise 111 3.5.3 Ambient Noise Standards 114 3.5.4 Baseline Scenario 114 3.6 Soil Characteristics 115 3.6.1 Methodology 117 3.6.2 Results of analysis of the soil 120 3.7 Biological Environment 120 3.7.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies 120 3.7.2 Biogeography and Physiographic of the study area 120 3.7.3 Sampling Methodology of Study 121 3.7.4 Terrestrial Environment 121 3.7.4.1 Core Zone 121 3.7.4.2 Buffer Zone 121 3.7.5 Aquatic Biological Environment 125 3.7.6 Rare, endangered and threatened species (RET) of the Study Area 126 3.7.7 Ecologically Sensitive Areas 127 3.7.8 Biological Environment of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 127 3.7.8.0 General 127 3.7.8.1 Location of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 127
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
3.7.8.2 Physiography 127 3.7.8.3 Forest type of this sanctuary 128 3.7.8.4 Floral species in the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 128 3.7.8.5 Medicinal Plants found in the sanctuary 128 3.7.8.6 Faunal species present in the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 129 3.7.8.7 Importance of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 136 3.8 Socio-Economic Environment 137 3.8.1 Objectives 137 3.8.2 Methodology adopted for the study 137 3.8.3 Concepts & Definition 137 3.8.4(a) Description of the District 138 3.8.4(b) Description of the Study Area 140 3.8.4.1 Core Zone 140 3.8.4.2 Buffer Zone 140 3.8.5 Demographic Profile of the study area based on 2011 Census data 141 3.8.5.1 Population of the study area 142 3.8.5.2 Social Structure 143 3.8.5.3 Literacy 144 3.8.5.4 Illiteracy 144 3.8.6 Occupational structure 148 3.8.6.1 Total workers 148 3.8.6.1.1 Cultivators 148 3.8.6.1.2 Agricultural Laborers 148 3.8.6.1.3 Household Industry Laborers 149 3.8.6.1.4 Other Workers 149 3.8.6.2 Non workers 149 3.8.7 Infrastructural Facilities and Amenities in the Study Area 154 3.8.8 Conclusion 161 3.8.9 Measures adopted by M/s TATA Chemicals Limited for the development of 161 the social structure CHAPTER-4: ANTICIPATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
4.0 General 162 4.0.1 Impact Assessment Methodology 162 4.1 Land Environment 163 4.1.1 Change in Land use Pattern 163 4.1.2 Impact on Soil Environment 165 4.1.3 Top Soil Management 165 4.1.4 Conceptual Reclamation and Rehabilitation of the mined-out area 165 4.2 Water Environment 166 4.2.1 Wastewater Generation, Treatment & Disposal 167 4.2.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Resources 168 4.3 Impact on Air Quality 168 4.3.1 Emissions Details 168 4.3.2 Meteorological Data 169 4.3.3 Frame work of Computation & Model details 171 4.3.4 Model Results 171
4.3.4.1 Results of PM10GLC concentration 172
4.3.4.2 Result of PM2.5GLC concentration 174
4.3.4.3 Result of NO2GLC concentration 176
4.3.4.4 Result of SO2GLC concentration 178 4.3.4.5 Result of CO GLC concentration 180 4.3.5 Proposed Mitigation Measures For Dust Suppression 182 4.4 Noise Environment 182 4.4.1 Noise Impact on Working Environment 182 4.4.2 Noise Abatement and Control 182 4.4.3 Impact Due To Ground Vibrations and Abatement 183 4.5 Biological Environment 184 4.5.1 Impact on Biodiversity 184 4.5.2 Greenbelt development/ Plantation 185 4.6 Traffic Study and Transportation 193 4.7 Socio - Economic Environment 197
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
4.7.1 Anticipated Impacts 197 4.8 Mine Waste Management 199 4.9 Mine closure 199 CHAPTER-5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.0 General 200 5.1 Factors Behind the Selection of Project Site 200 5.2 Site Alternatives under Consideration 200 5.3 Analysis for Alternative Technology 200 5.3.1 Choice of Method of Mining 200 5.3.2 Impacts of Mining operations 201 CHAPTER-6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 6.1 General 202 6.1.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures 203 6.1.2 Administrative Aspects & Environmental Monitoring Programme 203 6.1.3 Formation of Environment Management Cell 203 6.1.4 Responsibilities of EMC 204 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Programme 206 6.2.1 Water Quality Monitoring 206 6.2.2 Air Quality Monitoring 207 6.2.3 Noise Levels and Vibration 208 6.2.4 Soil Sampling 209 6.3 Occupational Health & Safety 212 6.3.1 Public Health Implication 212 6.4 Corporate Environmental Policy 213 CHAPTER-7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.0 Additional Studies 214 7.1 Public Hearing 214 7.2 Risk Assessment 235 7.2.1 Blasting 236 7.2.2 Overburden 237
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
7.2.3 Heavy Machinery 237 7.2.4 Storage and use of explosives 237 7.2.5 Water Logging 237 7.2.6 Natural resource conservation 237 7.2.7 Safety Measures 238 7.3 Disaster Management Plan 239 7.3.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan 239 7.3.2 Disaster Management and Risk assessment 239 7.3.3 On-Site Disaster Management Plan 241 CHAPTER-8: PROJECT BENEFITS 8.0 General 245 8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 246 8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 246 8.3 Employment Potential 247 8.4 Socioeconomic benefits 247 8.5 Tangible Social Benefits 247 8.6 Other Benefits 248 CHAPTER-9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1 General 249 9.2 Environment Management System 249 9.2.1 Policy 249 9.2.2 Standard Operating Procedures 250 9.2.3 Environment Cell 250 9.2.4 Public Reporting 251 9.3 Proposed Environmental Management Plan 252 9.3.1 Air Quality Management and Control 252 9.3.1.1 Control of Fugitive Emissions 252 9.3.1.2 Prevention and control of Gaseous Pollution 252 9.3.2 Noise Pollution management and Control 254 9.3.2.1 Noise Abattement and Control 254
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
9.3.2.2 Control of Noise, Vibration and fly rock during blasting 255 9.3.3 Water Pollution Management and control 256 9.3.3.1 Surface water management 256 9.3.3.2 Ground water management 256 9.3.3.3 Details of water conservation measures proposed/Rain water Harvesting 256 proposal 9.3.4 Land Reclamation and waste management 258 9.3.4.1 Land use planning and mine closure 258 9.4 Waste Management 258 9.5 Greenbelt Development 259 9.5.1 Afforestation programme 260 9.5.2 Post plantation care 261 9.6 Solid waste management 262 9.7 Biological Management Measures 263 9.7.1 Plan for reduction of impact on fauna 263 9.7.1.1 Wild Life Conservation Plan 263 9.8 Greenbelt Development Plan 264 9.9 Occupational Hazards and Safety 265 9.10 Socio-economic Conditions of the Region 266 9.10.1 Community Development Activities 266 9.11 CER Project Details 270 9.11.1 Cost of Environment Control Measures/EMP Budget 271 9.12 Conclusion 272 CHAPTER-10: SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS 10.1 Description of Project 273 10.2 Salient Features of the project 273 10.3 Reclamation and Rehabilitation of mined out area 276 10.4 Baseline Environmental Status 276 10.4.1 Landuse Pattern 276 10.4.2 Water Quality 276
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
10.4.3 Air Environment 277 10.4.4 Noise Levels 278 10.4.5 Soil Quality 278 10.4.6 Biological Environment 279 10.4.7 Socio Economic Environment 279 10.5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and mitigation 280 10.5.1 Impact on Land Use Pattern 280 10.5.2 Impact on Water Resources 281 10.5.3 Impact on Air Quality 283 10.5.4 Impact on Noise Levels and Ground Vibrations 285 10.5.5 Impact on Biological Environment 287 10.5.5.1 Traffic Study and Transportation 288 10.5.6 Impact on Socio - Economic Environment 288 10.5.7 Mine Waste Management 289 10.6 Project benefits 289 10.7 Environmental Management Plan 289 10.8 Conclusions 289 CHAPTER-11: DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT 11.1 General 291 11.2 Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ 292 Authorized Person
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
TABLE LIST OF TABLES PAGE NO NO 1.1 Pillar coordinates of the project site 3 1.2 Brief Description of the Project 6 2.1 Project Profile 26 2.2 Existing Land Use Pattern 27 2.3 Details of Existing pits inside the lease area 27 2.4 Type of limestone 29 2.5 Past Production Details (Year wise) 30 2.6 Coordinates of the project site 31 2.7 Salient features of Project 37 2.8 Insitu Tentative Excavation 40 2.9 Regional Stratagraphic Sequence 42 2.10 Local Stratigraphic Sequence 43 2.11 Average depth of water table 44 2.12 Mineral Reserve as per approved scheme of mining 48 2.13 Salient features of proposed method of mining 49 2.14 List of Mining Machinery 50 2.15 Year-wise Production of Limestone (ROM: Chemical Grade) 61 2.16 Estimation of Life of mine 61 2.17 Year Wise Waste Generation (Top Soil, OB/Waste/Mineral reject) 62 2.18 Water Requirement 66 2.19 Manpower Requirement 68 2.20 Land Use Pattern (Present Vs Conceptual) 68 2.21 Existing vs. at the end of plan period land use pattern 69 2.22 Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing 72 3.1 Existing Vs At the end of Plan Period Land Use Pattern 76 3.2 Land use Details 77 3.3 Water Quality Criteria as per Central Pollution Control Board 81 3.4 Ground water sampling location 82
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
3.5 Ground water Monitoring Results 84 3.6 Surface water sampling location 87 3.7 Surface water result 89 3.8 Site specific meteorological data ( December 2018 to February 2019) 91 3.9 Climatological Data Station: IMD, Porbandar (1961-1990) 92 3.10 Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 98 3.11 Ambient Air Quality results 100 3.12 Mineralogical composition of PM10 (μg/m3) 110
3.13 Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area 111 3.14 Hourly Leq Noise Level in the Study Area 114 3.15 Ambient Quality Standards in respect of Noise 114 3.16 Soil Sample Collection Points 117 3.17 Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil 119 3.18 Flora Species in Buffer Zone 121 3.19 Fauna Species in Buffer Zone 122 3.20 List of crop species in the study area 123 3.21 List of Avifauna found within study area 125 The proportional availability of the Medicinal, Timber Forest Products 3.22 (TFP) and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) of the Barda Wildlife 128 Sanctuary. 3.23 List of mammals with their Schedule in the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 129 3.24 No. of Family and Species of Butterflies 130 3.25 List of Spiders from Barda Wildlife Sanctuary showing their status 131 3.26 List of Amphibians recorded at Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 132 3.27 List of Snakes found in Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 132 3.28 Density of Birds in Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 133 3.29 Details of the State Gujarat, District Porbandar and Study area 140 3.30 Total Geographical Area (in Hectares) of the Study Area 140 3.31 Demographic Structure of the Study Area 145 3.32 Occupational Pattern of the Study area 149
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
3.33 Occupation Structure of villages and Town in the Study Area 151 3.34 Amenities in the Study Area 156 3.35 Infrastructure facilities of the study area 159 4.1 Stage wise Change in Land use Pattern 163 4.2 Year Wise Waste Generation (Top Soil, OB/Waste/Mineral reject) 165 4.3 Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing 166 4.4 Average depth of water table 166 4.5 Water demand for the project 167 4.6(i) Incremental and predicted value of PM10concentration 171 4.6(ii) Incremental and predicted value of PM2.5 concentration 174 4.6(iii) Incremental and predicted value of NO2 concentration 176 4.6(iv) Incremental and predicted value of SO2concentration 178 4.6(v) Incremental and predicted value of CO concentration 180 4.7 Sources of Pollutants 182 4.8 Noise Exposure Levels & Its Effects 183 4.9 Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing 185 4.10 List of plants proposed for green belt development 186 4.11(i) Existing Traffic Scenario & LOS 193 4.11(ii) V/C Ratio & LOS 193 4.11(iii) Additional Traffic Scenario & LOS due to proposed project 194 6.1 Implementation Schedule 203 6.2 Composition of Environment Management Cell (EMC) 205 6.3 Water quality monitoring and control measures 206 6.4 Air quality monitoring and control measures 207 6.5 Noise quality monitoring and control measures 208 6.6 Post Project Monitoring Programme 209 7.1 Community Environmental Responsibility plan 234 7.2 Items in First Aid Kit 241 9.1 Air Pollution Management and Control 253 9.2 Noise Pollution Management and Control 254
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
9.3 Stage wise changes in Land use pattern 258 9.4 Year Wise Waste Generation (Top Soil, OB/Waste/Mineral reject) 259 9.5 Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing 260 9.6 Solid Waste Pollution Management and Control 262 9.7 Community Environmental Responsibility plan 270 9.8 Proposed Cost of Environment Management 271 10.1 Salient Features of the project 273
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
FIGURE LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO NO 1.1 Location of the project site/ Aerial Image 4 1.2 10 km Buffer Map of the Area/Study Area 5 1.3 Mine Connectivity Map as per Administrative Atlas of Porbandar 9 2.1 Location Map of the Project Site 28 2.2 Approved Mining plan letter 29 2.3 Location of the Project 32 2.4 Location map of the project site with pillar coordinates 33 2.5 5 km Buffer map of the study area 34 2.6 10 km Buffer map of the study area 35 2.7 15 km Buffer map of the study area 36 2.8 Surface Plan 41 2.9 Geological Plan 45 2.10 Geological Plan & sections 46 2.11 Drainage map of the study area 47 2.12(i) First Year Development Plan 51 2.12(ii) First Year Development Sections 52 2.13(i) Second Year Development Plan 53 2.13(ii) Second Year Development Sections 54 2.14(i) Third Year Development Plan 55 2.14(ii) Third Year Development Sections 56 2.15(i) Fourth Year Development Plan 57 2.15(ii) Fourth Year Development Sections 58 2.16(i) Fifth Year Development Plan 59 2.16(ii) Fifth Year Development Sections 60 Route map for transporting mineral from project site to Cement Plant 2.17 64 of M/s Tata Chemicals Limited at Mithapur 2.18 Water balance diagram 66 2.19 Working level through the life of mine 67
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
2.20 Land use Map of the study area 70 2.21 Conceptual Plan & Sections 71 3.1 10 km Buffer Map of the study area 75 3.2 Landuse map of the study area 78 3.3 False color composite map of the study area 79 3.4 Seismic Zone of study area 80 3.5 Ground water location map 83 3.6 Surface water Location Map 88 Normalized Wind Rose showing fractional contribution of different 3.7(a) 94 wind speed in different sectors. Wind Rose showing pre dominant wind direction North East to South 3.7(b) 95 West for December 2018- February 2019
3.8(a) Showing Daily Average Temperature (December 2018-February 96 2019) 3.8(b) Showing Diurnal Variation in Temperature (December 2018- 96 February 2019) 3.9(a) Showing Daily/ Average Relative Humidity (December 2018- 97 February 2019) 3.9(b) Showing Diurnal Variation in Relative Humidity (December 2018- 97 February 2019) 3.10 Air monitoring Location Map 99
3.11(a) Graph showing PM2.5 result 106
3.11(b) Graph showing PM10 result 107
3.11(c) Graph showing SO2 result 108
3.11(d) Graph showing NO2 result 109 3.11(e) Graph showing CO result 110 3.12 Noise Quality Location Map 113 3.13 Soil Quality Location Map 118 3.14 Graph Showing Demographic Structure of the Study Area 142 3.15 Pie Chart Showing Gender Structure of the Study Area 143 3.16 Pie chart showing Schedule Caste Structure of the Study Area 143 3.17 Pie chart showing Schedule Tribe Structure of the Study Area 144
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
3.18 Occupational Pattern in the Study area 150 3.19 Availability of Medical Facility in the Study area 154 3.20 Availability of Educational Facility in the Study area 155 4.1 Wind Rose Diagram 170
4.2 Iso-pleth of PM10 173
4.3 Iso-plethof PM2.5 175
4.4 Iso-pleth of NO2 177
4.5 Iso-pleth of SO2 179 4.6 Iso-pleth of CO 181 4.7 Photographs of the plants for greenbelt development 192 4.8 Traffic Route Map 195 Route map for transporting mineral from project site to Soda Ash and 4.9 196 Cement Plant of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited at Mithapur 4.10 Map showing nearest habitation from mine site 198 6.1 Organization Structure for Environment Management 204 7.1 Public Hearing Notice 215 7.2 Photographs of Public Hearing 216 7.3 Public Hearing proceedings 217 9.1 Hierarchal System of TATA Chemicals Ltd, Mines 251 9.2 Conceptual Plan & Sections 257 9.3 Existing Greenbelt 261 9.4 Major initiatives taken under Dharti Ko Aarpan program 269 9.5 Major initiatives taken in existing mining areas of TCL 269
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
LIST OF ANNEXURES Page No. Annexure I Previous Environmental Clearence dated 27 July, 2015 1-10 Annexure II Terms of References 11-18 Annexure IIIA Lease Order & lease deed (First-1966) 19-36 Annexure IIIB First Renewal Application (First Renewal- 1986) 37-44 Annexure IIIC Second Renewal 45-63 Annexure IIID Lease Extension Letter 64 Annexure IVA Approved Mining Plan 65-230 Annexure IVB Mine Plates 231-250 Annexure V Past production details 251-252 Annexure VI 500m Periphery Map 253 Annexure VII Authenticated location Map for Barda Wildlife 254-255 Sanctuary Annexure VIII ESZ demarcation notification of Barda Wildlife 256-285 Sanctuary Annexure IX List of Critically Polluted Areas issued by CPCB 286-288 Annexure X CGWA permission for groundwater withdrawal 289 Annexure XI Traffic Survey Forms duly filled during traffic study 290-313 Annexure XII CER Notification dated 1st May, 2018 314-317 Annexure XIII Affidavit in compliance of Ministry’s Office 318-319 Memorandum No. F: 3-50/2017-IA.III (Pt.), dated 30.05.2018. Annexure XIV Lab Reports 320-341 Annexure XV Sampling Photographs 342-345
Annexure XVI Socio Economic Survey Formats filled by locals 346-347 Annexure XVII Nearest Habitation Map duly authenticated by District 348 Geologist, Porbandar Annexure XVIII Questionnaire 349-418 Annexure XIX Certified Compliance Report 419-447 Annexure XX Consent to Establish 448
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
Annexure XXI Consent to Operate 449-451 Annexure XXII Public Hearing Proceedings 452-496
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring CER Corporate Environmental Responsibility Cm Centimeter CPCB Central Pollution Control Board dB Decibel DG Diesel Generator EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMC Environmental Management Cell EMP Environment Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agencies FCC False Colour Composite GLC Ground Level Concentration IMD Indian Meteorological Department ISCST Industrial Source Complex, Short Terms ISO International Organisational Of Standardization KLD Kilo Litre Per Day Km Kilometer M bgl Meter Below Ground Level mg Milligram MoEF&CC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change mRL Mean Reference Level MT Million Tonne MTPA Million Tonns Per Annum N North NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NE North- East NH National Highway
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NTU Naphelo Turbidity Unit
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
NW North-West OB Overburden OM Office Memorandum PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPM Part per Million Pvt. Private QCI Quality Council Of India R&R Rehabilitation & Resettlement RSPM Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter RO Reverse Osmosis SE South-East SEAC State Expert Appraisal Committee SEIAA State Level Environmental Assessment Authority
SO2 Sulphur Di-Oxide SOI Survey Of India SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPM Suspended Particulate Matter TDS Total Dissolved Solid ToR Terms Of Reference TS Total Solid TSS Total Suspended Solids US EPA United State Environment Protection Agencies ug/m3 Micro Gram Per Cubic Meter
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN ENGLISH Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Description of Project The proposed Expansion project of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is located near Village Aniali Tehsil Ranavav &District Porbandar in Gujarat. It is a captive mine of TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL), which supplies limestone as raw material to Soda Ash &Cement Plant of TCL at Mithapur, DevbhoomiDwarka, Gujarat for manufacturing of soda ash and cement.
The proposed project is an expansion project and categorized as category A-Mining (1A- Mining of Minerals) as per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.
Environment Clearance has been granted for this project vide letter no. J-11015/304/2012-IA.II (M) Dated 27.07.2015 by MoEF&CC for the production of 0.014 million tons TPA (ROM). TCL hereby proposes to expand the existing production capacity of 0.014 MT per annum to 0.175MT per annum. For the said reason, TCL filed online application vide IA/GJ/MIN/70670/2017 and obtained Terms of Reference (ToR) vide letter no. J- 11015/100/2018-IA.II (M) dated 9th October 2018.
The proposed lease is a Non-Forest Government waste land measuring 12.27 Ha, Survey No. 207/P with the highest proposed production target of 1,75000 TPA as per approved mine plan. Terms of reference (ToR) have also been granted for 1, 75000 TPA. The existing method of mining is Open Cast and the Category of Mine is ‘A’. Semi mechanized mining methodology is being adopted with occasional use of drilling and blasting for fragmentation of hard limestone strata.
1.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 1.2.1 Identification and location of Project: Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is located near village Aniali, tehsil Ranavav and district Porbandar and state Gujarat. The mine lease area falls in survey no. 207/p. It is located at about 2.30 km to the South East of Aniali village. From Village Aniali the mine site is approached by motorable road.
1.2.2 Identification of Project proponent TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL) was founded in 1939. TATA Chemicals Ltd is a global company with interests in businesses that focus on LIFE - living industrial and farming essentials. TATA Chemicals currently is the world's third largest producer of soda ash with manufacturing facilities in Asia Europe Africa and North America.
TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL) is operating Soda Ash Plant since 1943 at Villages Mithapur & Surajkaradi, Tehsil- Dwarka, District- Devbhoomi Dwarka, State-Gujarat. TCL products are key
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
ingredients for some of the world's largest manufacturers of glass, detergents and other industrial products. The registered office of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited is situated at Bombay House, 24 HomiMody Street, Mumbai-400001, andSite office address is PO.-Mithapur, Tehsil- Okhamandal, District-DevbhoomiDwarka, Gujarat. The mine lease of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine belongs to M/s TATA Chemicals Ltd. TATA Chemicals Limited is a public limited company registered under Company’s Act.The proposed project is for mining of limestone only. The present capacity of the mine is 14,000 tons per annum and proposed capacity under expansion is 1, 75000 tons Per annum. For 14,000 TPA Environment Clearance is obtained in year 2015. The mining methodology will remain same for the expansion. Semi Mechanized Mining with manual sizing, sorting and blending will be carried out by raising and crushing through mechanical means. The under sized material generated during the production after manual sizing or mechanized sizing will be send to TCL's own cement plant at Mithapur. The company's Mithapur plant is awarded an ISO-14001 certification and also the Chemicals Division is awarded the ISO-9001-2015 Quality Management System.This project will help in improvement of social, economic and environment structure, which will initiate sustainable development.
1.3 Brief Description of Project 1.3.1 Size of the Project Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine lease is present on a government waste land covering an area of 12.27 Ha. It is an existing mine with the production of 14,000 Tons per annum. Proposed rate of production is 1,75000 TPA for Limestone mineral. Mining is proposed for five years as per approved mine plan.
1.4 Project Description 1.4.1 Salient Features of Mine Lease
Table 1: Salient features of mine lease Sr . Details of project Description No. 1. Project Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project 2. Name of Lesse M/s TATA Chemicals Limited 12th Floor, GIFT One Tower, GIFT City, Gandhinagar-382355 Gujarat 3. Lease Area Email12.27 ID: ha [email protected] 4. Survey No. 207/P
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
5. Village/ Taluka Aniali/ Ranavav 6. District/ State Porbandar / Gujarat 7. Existing Production 14,000 Tons Per Annum 8. Proposed Production 1,75000 Tons per Annum 9. Mine lease period 07.07.1966 - 1986 17.11.2005 - 2025 - 30.03.2030 10. Mine lease extension under Deemed extension up to 31.03.2030 as per MMDR 2015 MMDR 2015 11. Lessee M/s TATA Chemicals Limited 12th Floor, GIFT One Tower, GIFT City, Gandhinagar-382355 Gujarat Email ID: [email protected] 12. Type of land Non Forest - Government waste land 13. Mining Method Semi Mechanized open cast mining method; Drilling and Blasting will also be carried out. 14. Life of Mine Approx. 5 years as per approved mine plan
15. Ultimate Pit Depth 44.0 mRL is expected at the end of mine life 16. Use of Mineral This is a captive mine. The limestone produced from this mine will be transported to Soda Ash and Cement Plant located at Mithapur, Gujarat. 17. Mineral reserve details Proved mineral reserve Chemical Grade : 269205 MT Marginal Grade: 91355 MT CementGrade: 369440MT Total Proved reserve: 730000 MT Probable mineral reserve 00 MT Total (proved + probable) 730000 MT reserve Pre-Feasibility mineral resource Chemical Grade : 14485 MT Marginal Grade: 8993 MT Cement Grade: 16538 MT Total: 40016 MT Measured mineral resources ChemicalGrade: 0MT Marginal Grade: 0 MT Cement Grade: 514887 MT Total: 514887 MT Total Reserves + Resources Chemical Grade : 283690 MT
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Marginal Grade: 100348 MT Cement Grade: 990865 MT Total Proved reserve: 1284903 MT 18. Project cost 75.0 Lakhs 19. Market value For captive use 20. Mineral composition (source – Approved Mine plan): 1. Chemical Grade (CaCO3%+MgCO3%)>92%, SiO2<4% 2. Marginal Grade 92%
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Nearest Town Ranavav is present at a distance of about 8.0 in South West direction. Jam Sakhpur Railway Station is about 4.81 Nearest Railway Station Km in North direction and, Ranavav Railway Station is about 10 km in West direction from the project site. NH-8B is about 4.89 km in South direction. Nearest National Highway SH-27 is about 4.50 km in West direction. State Highway Nearest Airport Porbandar Airport is about 17.77 km in SW direction. Seismic Zone As per GSDMA map, Gujarat falls in Zone III, which is a moderate risk zone for earthquake. Other Industries Limestone Mine leases of Tata Chemicals and other leases belongs to different owners 22. Water Requirement and source 10 KLD from Ground Water. CGWA Permission is already obtained in 2011. 23. Manpower Requirement 15 (additional for expansion) 24. Plantation Details 10000 saplings during next 5 year (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.1 Method of Mining 2.1.1 Existing method of mining: - The existing method of mining is Open cast mining method. The category of mine is ‘A’ Fully Mechanized Open Pit Mine. Benches of maximum 5m height, ramp gradient 1 in 16, drilling 102 mm dia deep hole blasting, excavation by diesel operated hydraulic excavator into tipper trucks. Transportation of mineral from mine site to destination through tipper trucks. Bench slope angles maintained at 800.
2.1.2 Proposed Method of Mining Open cast mining method will be used, drilling and blasting will be done occasionally in case of encounter of hard strata to provide the shattering effect. The deposit is having at a shallow depth with no overburden present on the chemical grade limestone bed, is suitable for open cast mining method. Drilling and blasting is used and proposed to be used for fragmentation. ROM will be loaded by shovel/backhoe into dumpers/HEMM for transporting to the proposed crushing/sizing site outside the lease area. Thus, no material or mineral rejects will be remained inside the lease area.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
The category of mine is ‘A’ Open Pit Mine (OTFM) by using the shovel-dumper combination for mining operations.
The salient features of proposed method of mining are as follows: 1) Bench height maximum 5.0 meter (will be developed in two slices for the safety point of view) and width will be more the height. 2) Bench slope: 800 3) Ramp gradient:1 in 16 4) Face length: 50m to 90m 5) Advancement of faces: Perpendicular to strike towards NE and SW direction 6) Excavation: By diesel operated hydraulic excavator into tipper trucks. 7) Transportation: By tipper trucks of ROM from mine site to the proposed automated crushing/screening unit outside the lease on non-mineralized zone.
The sized (+50 to -100mm) limestone will be directly dispatched to Soda Ash Plant at Mithapur by conventional trucks of 17 tonnes capacity on contract basis, with private parties. The undersized material will be temporarily stored near to the crushing unit before it is sent to Cement Plant of TCL. No processing of ROM will be conducted inside the lease area.
8) Drilling and Blasting: Diamond core drilling was done with a view to prove depth continuity of deposit and to ascertain quality and its variation. Vertical boreholes were drilled at 100m* 100 m grid interval keeping nature of deposit in view. Altogether 17 boreholes of NXM size were drilled from 1.37 m to 6.38 m depth with total meterage drilling of 76.23 m. Dry drilling was also adopted in highly fractured, weathered and clayey limestone zones to obtain maximum core recovery. The core recovery in the core able limestone formation was 86%. The highly fractured, fragmented, weathered and clays limestone has recorded core recovery of around 52%. The collar of boreholes varies in between 49m to 58m. Bench dimension will be as per the scheme of mining. Bench slope will be 800 from the horizontal. Width of the benches will not be less than the height. The drilling will be done with the help of 102 mm diameter DTH drill machine in combination with compressor. Blast holes will be drilled in square/rectangular pattern 3m*4m (burden*spacing) for a 3.0-6.0m bench height. Blasting will be done mainly with ANFO (manufactures at the site by BMD owned by TCL) as column charge and cap sensitive explosive as the base charge. TCL has already obtained necessary permissions for storage and usage of explosives.
Ultimate Pit Depth Limit: The maximum working in the lease area is expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4 m deep from surface RL 44mRL as the deposit is in slope of hillock the bottom RL of the pit at the end of mining life will be similar to the general elevation of the area i.e. 40m. Therefore, the
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
mine floor will remain much above the water table. The average depth (m) of the water table based on observations from nearby village dug wells is given below:
Table 2: Average depth of water table Maximum Water Table(mRL) Minimum Water Table(mRL) 10.30 m 13.40 m (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.2 Waste Management Top soil in the lease area is of very thin bed of varying 0.25-0.45m, which will be used in plantation within the lease area. Overburden generated during mining plan period will be Nil. The waste likely to be generated will be in the form of associated clay with the limestone horizon, which is below the threshold grade and has no sale value. No dumping ground is proposed as the undersized ROM will be generated at the crushing/screening unit outside the lease area. Nearby the screening unit, the nature of dump will be temporary as the undersized ROM will be used in TCL’s Cement manufacturing Plant.
2.2.1 Overburden/waste Management There will be no overburden or waste removal in course of mining and therefore no land needed to be demarcated for such surface dumps and disposal. The under sized limestone will be stored temporarily, to be supplied to the cement plant at regular interval. There is a thin layer of soil cover varying 0.25-0.45 m in the area which will be used for plantation within the lease area.
2.3 Employment Generation The proposed mining project is expected to provide direct and indirect employment opportunities to the local people of different skills and trades. It is a positive impact that needs to be encouraged. There are already 28 workers engaged with this mine. Due to expansion, additional 15 workers will be required to achieve the targeted production. Total manpower requirement for this mine is 43 personnel.
2.4 Water Requirement There is a deep tube well near mine office from which water will be supplied for drinking and domestic purpose as well as for dust suppression measures. CGWA permission for ground water withdrawal is obtained for 10 cu m in the year 2011. Enclosed as Annexure X. Total water requirement is proposed to be 10.0 KLD, which includes 2.0 KLD for drinking & domestic uses, 4.0 KLD for plantation and 4.0 KLD for dust suppression.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
2.5 Reclamation and Rehabilitation of mined out area The mining area is almost flat. A thin layer of top soil 0.25- 0.45 m will be used in plantation within the lease. The slope of benches will be suitable graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The top of the benches shall be properly fenced to prevent fall of cattle/person. Total 33% of the lease area will be developed as green Belt which would be around 4.04 Ha. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, workshop, mine office, etc. Local species like Siris, Neem, Kachnar, Kashid, Shisham, Gulmohar, Karanj, Pipal, Drumstick, Imli, Banyan tree, Bel patra etc. will be planted in consultation with the Forest Department as well as CPCB Guidelines for greenbelt development. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation by means of fencing and regular watering to protect from grazing animals and nurture. At the end of the mining lease period, as per MOEF&CC Office Memorandum F. No. 22-34/2018-IA-III dated 16 January, 2020, "the mining lease holder shall, after ceasing mining operations, undertake re-grassing the mining area and any other area which may have been disturbed due to their mining activities and restore the land to a condition which is fit for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc" Table 3: Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing Year Number of saplings to be Fencing around Plantation planted (m) I 2000 90 II 2000 90 III 2000 90 IV 2000 90 V 2000 90 (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
3. Baseline Environmental Status 3.1 Landuse Pattern Land Use in Core Zone The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining.
Land Use in Buffer Zone Land use of study area has been prepared from latest satellite imagery. Specialized land use data has been prepared by using GIS software. Land use and land cover has been analyzed for Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project for the agricultural land, settlement,
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
forest, open scrub, waste land and water body etc., which shows that around 62.55% of the land in the study area is an agricultural land, 10.64% land is a forest land, whereas 5.91% is comprise of open scrub. Water bodies constitute to 2.56%, settlement is around 1.82% and rest 16.52% is a waste/other land.
3.2 Water Quality To assess the physical and chemical properties of water in the region, water samples were collected from various water sources present in the 10km study area. Water quality was analyzed as per Indian standards (IS 30525 part 4-62).
Ground water Ground water level as per approved mine plan is minimum at 13.40 mRL and maximum of 10.30 mRL. Ground water fluctuation is 27-35 meter. Ground water samples were collected from three location: Aniali village, Bordi village, and Daulatgadh. Ground water samples were analyzed and results were found as pH 7.2 to 7.6, total hardness 156 to 197 mg/l, Chloride 46 to 51 mg/l, total dissolved solids 259 -296 mg/l, Sulphate 2.9 to 3.8 mg/l, nitrate 0.7-1.3 mg/l.
Surface water Surface water was collected from two locations which are Khambada Reservoir and Minsar nadi (Valotra village). Surface water samples were analyzed which showed Results for Khambada Reservoir : pH 7.72, electrical conductivity 446 µS/cm, total alkalinity 179 mg/l, total hardness 191 mg/l, Chloride 98 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/l, total dissolved solids were found 141 mg/l.
Results of Minsar nadi: pH 7.4, electrical conductivity 487 µS/cm, total alkalinity 142 mg/l, total hardness 136 mg/l, Chloride 81 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen 6.6 mg/l, total dissolved solids were found 176 mg/l.
3.3 Air Environment The meteorological data has been recorded from near project site. Secondary data also has been purchased from Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi, which provided the climate information that helped in to find out the predominant present downwind direction to predict the incremental pollution load due to project activity. Primary site specific baseline and meteorological data was collected for winter season; December 2018 to February 2019.
Site specific meteorological data Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in the winter season (December 2018 to February 2019) and site specific data was collected. Secondary Meteorological data has been purchased from Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi, for the same period in order to complete the air modelling exercise and wind direction. Site specific meteorological data was collected by
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
installing an automated weather station near Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine project site. The result has been obtained for temperature, rainfall, wind speed, humidity and wind direction. Secondary data was also collected from nearest IMD station and climatological table 1961-1990.From the wind rose it was clearly observed that North-East is the predominant wind direction.
Ambient Air Quality Total 7 ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected to assess baseline ambient air quality which is near mine site, Daulatgadh village, Bhod village, Aniali village, Bordi village, Vadwala village and Valotra village. Parameter wise 98th percentile maximum and minimum values were observed at all the seven monitoring locations.
The minimum and maximum level of PM2.5 recorded within the study area was in the range of 29.9 µg/m3 to 43.9 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 31.8 µg/m3 to 43.9 µg/m3.
The minimum and maximum level of PM10 recorded within the study area was in the range of 68.8 to 91.8 µg/m3with the 98th percentile ranging between 73.4 µg/m3 to 91.6 µg/m3.
3 The minimum concentration of SO2 recorded within the study area was 9.4 to 11.6µg/m ,the 3 maximum concentration of SO2 recorded within the study area was 11.3 to 13.9 µg/m ,with the 98th percentile ranging between 11.3 µg/m3 to 13.9 µg/m3.
The minimum and maximum level of NO2 recorded within the study area was in the range of 11.5µg/m3to 22.9 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 13.9µg/m3 to 22.9µg/m3.
The minimum and maximum level of CO recorded within the study area was in the range of 605 µg/m3 to 878µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 713 µg/m3 to 878 µg/m3.
Mineralogical composition of PM10 Filter paper of PM10 sampler was used for mineralogical study from project site of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine. Whatman filter paper was used for mineralogical composition as per EPA method. Mineralogical composition for free silica and other minerals was analysed and this was found that free silica is present at concentration of 0.10 µg/m3 in PM10.
3.4 Noise Levels Ambient noise levels were measured at 09 locations around the proposed mine site. The values of noise level observed in some of the areas are primarily owing to vehicular traffic. Assessment of hourly night time Leq (Ln) varies from 29.0 to 53.8 dB (A) and the hourly daytime Leq (Ld) varies from 35.6 to 61.9 dB (A) within the study area. The status of noise quality within the 10 km zone of the study area is therefore, within the MoEF & CC standards.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
3.5 Soil Quality Total 05 soil samples were collected in and around the mine lease area to assess the present soil quality of the region. In the study area, variations in the pH of the soil were found to be slightly basic (7.1 to 7.6). Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the soluble salts and ionic activity in the soil. In the collected soil samples the conductivity ranged from 567-598 µmhos/cm. Bulk density of soil sample samples ranged from 1.38-1.42 gm/cc, moisture content was found 12.1- 15.8%, organic matter was present in the range of 0.51-0.86 % at all the soil quality monitoring locations.
3.6 Biological Environment Flora/fauna survey was done at core and buffer zone of the study area. This was observed that no floral species are present within mine lease area except some bushes. The wild plant species are anticipated in waste land only. Based on primary and secondary survey a total of 32 crop species were reported in the study area and based on their use value they have been grouped into four categories. Among these 8 species fall under grain crops, 10 species fruit crops, 11 vegetable crops and 3 commercial crops of the study area. The tree species which were found in waste land and along road side green belt are Neem (Azadirachta indica), Arduso (Ailanthus excelsa), Vad (Ficus benghalensis), Piplo (Ficus religiosa), Saragvo (Moringa oleifera), Awal (Alstonia scholaris) and herb species was found names as Gando baval vilayati (Prosopis Juliflora). The buffer zone of the study area is majorly agricultural land. The buffer zone includes Fodara reservoir and Khambada reservoir and Barda Wildlife Sanctuary of District Porbandar. There is no aquatic environment present in core zone of project area. Within study area of 10 km radius from mine lease boundary, there are throw aquatic environments which are present;
Fodara Reservoir Fodara Reservoir mainly known for its migratory birds. Various bird species found flying within study area of project site (in total 20 species). The water fowl species are found within Fodara Reservoir .
Ecologically Sensitive Areas From the mine lease boundary, Nadliyadhar Reserve forest is present at approx. 0.010km in South West direction, Khageshri reserve forest is at approx. 7.85km in East direction and Jambhuda reserve forest is present at 2.88km in North direction. Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is also present at a distance of 4.02 km in North West direction from the working mine lease. The sanctuary is endowed with rich floral and faunal species. The avifaunal species also displays high diversity. At least two species of birds, which were found in the Sanctuary, are rare/ endangered, to name a few: Spotted Eagle and Crested Hawk-Eagle. Apart from this, the Sanctuary exhibits great variety of invertebrate species including variety of butterflies.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
3.7 Socio Economic Environment Core Zone: - There is no human settlement in the core zone of the Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine.
Buffer Zone: - Area within 10km radius of the “Project Site” is considered as the “Study Area”. The study area of 10 Km radius area is spread over 28 villages and 2 towns (namely: Amardal and Ranavav) falling in three sub-districts namely Ranavav, Kutiyana of District Porbandar and Jamjhodpur in District Jamnagar as per census 2011. Out of these 28 villages 5 villages are present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary.
The salient features of the study area include: 1. Total population of study area is 107537. The percentages of male & female population are 51.00 % & 49.00 % respectively 2. Total household in the study area are 22828 with a family size of 4.71. 3. Total number of literates in the study area is 67531 (71.68%). 4. Sex ratio (number of Females per thousand Male) of the study area is 961 which shows that male population is higher in the study area as compared with the female population. 5. Out of the total population Scheduled Caste population in the study area is 10196 (9.48%) and Scheduled Tribe population is 4631 (4.30%). 6. The child population (0-6 years) in the study area is 13327 (12.39%) in which 6903 (6.41%) is the child male population and 6324 (5.88%) which is child female population. The child sex ratio in the study area is 916.
4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and mitigation 4.1 Impact on Land Use Pattern Proposed project is an expansion project where Environment Clearance has been obtained in the year 2015 vide no. J-11015/304/2012-IA.II(M) for the annual production of 14,000 Tons of Limestone. The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining.
Anticipated Impact A new tar or metallic road also has been proposed by TCL along which plantation will be done. Thus, the anticipated impact on land will be nearly insignificant. Area outside the mine lease will not get affected due to proposed project as mineral stack yard and overburden will be kept within mine lease area.
Change in Land use Pattern The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining. The ultimate depth of the pit at the end of life of mine is expected to be at 44.0 mRL, the voids in the northern side due to excavation in the lease area will be used for accumulating rain water. By the end of life of mine around 8.1975 ha will be planted on both undisturbed and mine out area. Land use Pattern of the core zone of mining area will be changed due to proposed mining activity. Original topography of the core zone will be affected. The impact of mining on land environment is due to excavation of pits.
Impact on Soil Environment Soil erosion in the mining areas is mainly caused due to stripping-off of the surface from vegetation cover leading to loosing compactness of soil, thereafter; causing surface degradation, along with the factor like surface run-off during the rainfall, erosion through wind and man- induced erosionetc causes soil erosion in the mine site. The lease area has been subjected to mining in one or pits exposing the lower layers of the limestone formation. The trap rock has not been drilled into and exposures of the same are also not seen in the vicinity. To be on the safeguard, control measures like dense plantation will be done to increase the holding capacity of the soil, to prevent soil erosion.
Top Soil Management Top soil in the lease area is of very thin bed of varying 0.25-0.45 m, which will be used in plantation within the lease area.
Mitigation Measure: 1.The green belt will be developed along the non-mining zone boundary passing through the lease area. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation made by regular watering. 2.Surface and ground water will not be affected due to mining activity. There is no perennial source of water within the leasehold area. 3.Frequent dust suppression will be done to minimize the risk of long term buildup of pollutants in the environment. Adopting suitable, site-specific mitigation measures can reduce the degree of impact of mining on land. Present land use pattern of the lease area is waste land and at the conceptual stage the land use pattern will remain the same, hence will not be changed as there is no overburden generated from the mining activity.
4.2 Impact on Water Resources Water Environment Mining and its associated activities not only use a lot of water but also likely to affect the hydrological regime of the area. The major impact of deep and large mines (both underground
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
and open cast) is of natural groundwater table. Lowering of water table may result in reduced groundwater availability. Extraction of different minerals is known to lead to water pollution due to heavy metals, acid discharges and increased suspended solids. Deep underground mines directly affect the water table of the area. However, the impact of mining projects on groundwater hydrology and surface water regime are site specific and depends upon the characteristics of the mineral, hydrogeology and requirement of groundwater for other uses.
Anticipated impacts on water sources Ground Water Average depth of the water table based on the observations from nearby wells is found to be maximum at 10.30 (mRL) and minimum at 13.40 (mRL) as per approved mining plan. The working in the lease area is expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4m deep from surface RL 44mRL as the deposit is in slope of hillock the bottom RL of the pit at the end of mining life will be similar to the general elevation of the area i.e. 40m. Therefore, the mine working will remain much above the water table. At conceptual stage the ultimate depth of pit is expected to be at 44.0mRL Therefore, the groundwater table will not likely to get affected.
Surface water The general slope of the lease area is NE to SW. No prominent water course or nalla is present. The mine floor is kept slightly sloppy for natural drainage. The waste water generation in the mining process is not envisaged. The deposit does not contain any harmful contents; hence it is not going to affect the quality of water in surrounding area. As there is no beneficiation involved with the use of water, discharge effluents does not happen. There is a natural drainage pattern within the lease area. Major part of the rain water from the lease area runoff is along the slope.
Wastewater Generation, Treatment & Disposal The waste water generation in the mining process is not envisaged. The total water consumption in the expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is about 10 KLD. There is a deep tube well near mine office from which water will be supplied for drinking and domestic purpose as well as for dust suppression measures. CGWA permission for ground water withdrawal is obtained for 10 cum in the year 2011. Enclosed as Annexure X. The water will be used in the following manner. For dust suppression (4.0 KLD) For domestic consumption (2.0 KLD) For greenbelt development (4.0 KLD)
The waste water generation from the above consumption is mainly from domestic consumption i.e. from toilets. This water will be treated in septic tanks followed by soak pits.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Resources a) Overall drainage planning has been done in such a manner that the existing pre- mining drainage conditions will be maintained to the extent possible so that run off distribution is not affected. b) Waste water generated from labor domestic uses will be treated in septic tank followed by soaking pits. c) At conceptual stage the maximum depth of working will be 44.0mRL m from the surface. Therefore, the groundwater table will not likely to get affected. d) Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure that there is no adverse impact due to Limestone mining project. e) No washing of equipment will be done inside the mining lease area.
4.3 Impact on Air Quality The proposed project includes various activities like development of benches, approach roads, haul roads, excavation and transportation of limestone and waste materials. These operations generally result in generation of dust and thereby pose health hazards. However, it is proposed that adequate control measures will be provided at every stage of operation such as, water sprinkling at loading, unloading points and on haul roads before transportation to reduce the fugitive dust emissions. Mining is proposed to be carried out by opencast semi mechanized method. The air borne particulate matter (PM10) generated by ore and waste handling operations, transportation and screening of ore is the main respirable air pollutant. The emissions of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) released by vehicles plying on haul roads will be marginal. Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out taking into consideration of proposed production and net increase in emissions.
Emissions Details Details of emission during loading/unloading and transportation on the haul road, wind erosion of the exposed area and road maintenance were discussed and combined impact was predicted in the worst-case scenario under worst meteorological condition given as follows:
Loading and Unloading - US EPA, 2008, revision of emission factor for AP-42 was used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during loading and unloading separately. It is assumed that moisture content in limestone ore was 10% and further moisture content will be increased to 10-20% to reduce emission of PM10 during unloading and average wind speed was 3.03 m/s as observed with site data with calm conditions 43.64 % as shown in wind rose and discussion of local meteorology of the area. Haul Road - US EPA, 2006, revision of emission factor for AP-42 was used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during transportation of ore by 5
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
trucks operated per hour on haul road of 1.6 km. Truck will be fully covered with tarpaulin material and emission of PM10 during transportation on the haul road will be insignificant. US EPA based AERMOD model was used for prediction of impact with 1-h meteorological data of the study period for the assessment of GLC.
Meteorological Data The meteorological data recorded at hourly interval during the month of December 2018 to February 2019 on wind speed 3.03 m/s, wind direction, dry & wet bulb temperature, humidity, cloud cover and rainfall was processed to extract hourly mean meteorological data as per the guidelines of CPCB/MoEF&CC for prediction of impacts from the area source. Stability was computed by Turner’s method and mixing height was obtained from publication of IMD “Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height in India, 2008.
Data recorded from authorized source Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi were used as meteorological input for Dispersion Model which was stored in the computer for further analysis and interpretation to study the local meteorology of the study area. It was observed that pre- dominant wind during winter season is North East to South West, with low wind speed and 43.64 % calm condition was observed during study period at the site which was very much close and cumbersome with long term meteorological data of IMD, Porbandar. Average wind speed was 3.03 m/s. Impact of the pollutants was anticipated in south west direction under influence of pre- dominant wind direction.
Stable atmospheric condition E & F dominates in early morning and night hours and B, C & D in day hours were observed. Pollutants were dispersed from the proposed source under influence of local meteorology and dispersed on the ground in downwind direction close to the source under influence of moderate to low wind speed. High temperature and low humidity were observed at site with high temperature in day hours and low during night. There was no significant rain fall received and sky was clear of clouds in most of the days. The Air Quality Impact Prediction has been done by using AERMOD. Impact was predicted in the worst-case scenario due to combined impact of loading and unloading and emission due to transportation of vehicles on Limestone mine, haul road and other mining activities. The secondary meteorological data for the period December 2018-February 2019 was fed in the AERMOD software to obtain isopleths.
Results of PM10GLC concentration: Iso-pleth of PM10ranges from 0.4 to 2.79 µg/m3.Maximum predicted GLC is observed at near mine site at 0.45 km distance with incremental value of 2.79 µg/m3. For the calculation of the total predicted GLC of 24 hours near mine site, the baseline value of (98th percentile) 91.6 µg/m3was added to the incremental value of 2.79µg/m3, resulting into 94.39 µg/m3. The total predicted value calculated near mine site including the incremental load
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
due to proposed mining activities like loading/unloading and transportation at haul road which are the responsible factors for dust emissions are found satisfactory and below the permissible limit of PM10 as prescribed by NAAQS. The results may allow the mining project in the vicinity.
Result of PM2.5GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of PM2.5calculated near mine site is 3 3 45.12 µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of PM2.5 (60 µg/m for industrial 3 zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of PM2.5ranges from 0.50 to 1.22 µg/m .
Result of NO2GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of NO2 calculated near mine site is 3 3 22.95 µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of NO2 (80 µg/m ) . The isopleths 3 showing the concentration of NO2 ranges from 0.05 to 1µg/m .
Result of SO2GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of SO2 calculated near mine site is 3 3 13.93µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of SO2 (80 µg/m for industrial 3 zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of SO2 ranges from 0.03 to 0.50µg/m .
Result of CO GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (8 hours) of CO calculated near mine site is 881µg/m3 or 0.881 milligram/m3, which is below the prescribed permissible limit of CO (2 mg/m3 for industrial zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of CO ranges from 3 to 80 µg/m3or 0.003 to 0.08 mg/m3
Proposed Mitigation Measures For Dust Suppression As per Approved Mine Plan drilling and basting is proposed for expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project but occasionally for giving the shattering effect to hard strata. Particulate matter emission from haul road will be reduced by water sprinkling. Vehicle used for excavation and haulage will be of latest Indian norms. High speed diesel will be used for mining equipment operation Green belt will be developed as per approved mining plan. Although green belt is already practiced at project site as it is an existing mine. Personal protecting equipment (PPE) like dust mask, ear plugs etc. will be used by mine workers. Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out periodically to know the implementation of environmental management plan.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
4.4 Impact on Noise Levels and Ground Vibrations Noise Impact on Working Environment Noise generated at the mine site is due to semi-mechanized mining operations and transportation. Noise generated due to mining activities dissipates within the mine. There is no major impact of mining activity on the nearby villages. However, pronounced effect of above noise level is felt only near the active working area. Impact of noise on the villages is negligible as the villages are far located from the mine workings.
Noise Abattement and Control Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals to reduce the noise level up to an extent. Adequate silencers and enclosures will be provided in all the diesel engines. Plantation along both the sides of approach road, around mine office building and mine area to minimize the propagation of noise. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided to all operators and employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone. Periodical noise level monitoring will be done.
Impact Due To Ground Vibrations and Abatement Blasting is proposed in Aniali Limestone Mine but occasionally. Drilling and blasting will be used only for giving shattering effect to the hard strata of limestone horizons. Blasting will be done mainly with ANFO as the column charge and slurry explosive as the base charge. The under sized material generated after manual sizing or mechanized sizing will be temporarily stored in the registered plot or near to the crushing unit before it is sent to TCL's Cement and Soda Ash Plant at Mithapur. Measures that will be followed for abatement of ground vibration, air blast and fly rocks are detailed below – a) Controlled Blasting will be performed strictly as per the guidelines specified under MMR, 1961; b) Proper design of blast with correct spacing, burden and optimum charge/delay will be performed; c) Supervision of drilling and blasting operations to ensure blast design geometry as per planning will be ensured; d) Sub-drilling will be kept adequate to eliminate toe formation. e) Blasting operations will be carried out only during day time as per DGMS guidelines; f) Proper warning signals will be used; g) Adequate safe distance from habitation as per standards from centre of blasting will be maintained; h) Drilling parameters like burden, depth, diameter and spacing will be properly designed to ensure proper blast;
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
i) Effective stemming of the explosives will be done in the drill holes.
4.5 Impact on Biological Environment Primary and secondary baseline data for flora and fauna was collected within core zone and buffer zone of the project. Barda wild life sanctuary is present within the study area of the project at a distance of 4.02 km from the mine site.
Impact on Biodiversity Mining activities generally result in the deforestation, land degradation, water, air and noise pollution which directly or indirectly affect the faunal and floral status of the project area. However, occurrence and magnitude of these impacts are entirely dependent upon the project location, mode of operation and technology involved. Impact prediction is the main footstep in impact evaluation and identifies project actions that are likely to bring significant changes in the project environment.
The present study was carried out to predict the likely impacts of the proposed limestone mining project at village Aniali in the surrounding environment with special reference to biological attributes covering habitats/ecosystems and associated biodiversity.
Although impacts on key habitat elements will occur on a local scale, but on a regional scale they would not be critical for the life cycle needs of the species observed or expected. Moreover the successive reclamation of mined out areas, following completion of mining activities, will replace habitat resources for faunal species in this locality over a longer time. Wild life is not commonly found in the plains because of lack of vegetal cover and surface water except domestic animals. Dust generated due to haulage vehicles can have adverse impact on crops and other plant species of nearby areas. Sprinkling with 4.0 KLD of water will be done to reduce fugitive emission up to an extent. Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project doesn’t include any forest land or diversion of forest land. The total mine lease area 12.27 Ha is a non- forest government waste land.
Mitigation measures a) Regular water sprinkling on haul road will be done to reduce the emission of suspended particulate matter which causes the blockage of the stomata of plants and interrupting the photosynthesis process. b) Thick green belt development will be done as per approved mining plan of mine lease. c) Green belt development reduces noise level, reduces gaseous pollution and particulate matter pollution.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
d) Pollution tolerant plant with consultation to state forest department has been proposed for plantation.
Greenbelt Development/Plantation The mining area is almost flat. A thin layer of top soil 0.25- 0.45 m will be used in plantation within the lease. The slope of benches will be suitable graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The top of the benches shall be properly fenced to prevent fall of cattle/person. As per approved mining plan greenbelt will be developed. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, workshop, mine office, etc. Around 2000 saplings will be planted per year. Local species like Siris, Neem, Kachnar, Kashid, Shisham, Gulmohar, Karanj, Pipal, Drumstick, Imli, Banyan tree, Belpatra etc. will be planted in consultation with the Forest Department as well as CPCB Guidelines for greenbelt development.
4.6 Traffic Study and Transportation Vehicular Traffic Density Traffic study was carried out as primary data to know the existing traffic density. Traffic survey forms are attached as Annexure XI. Incremental pollution load as per IRC 64 has been calculated to estimate the level of services (LOS). Traffic study was conducted for SH-27 and nearby intersection passes through the project site. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the number of trucks that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity as recommended by Indian Road Congress (IRC).
Existing traffic scenario: LI-Near village intersection the PCU/day is 203 and V/C ratio is 0.034, the LOS is 'A'. L2-- At SH-27, the PCU/day is 4100 and V/C ratio is 0.27, LOS is 'B'
After the proposed activity: LI-Near village intersection the PCU/day is 383 and V/C ratio is 0.06, the LOS is 'A'. L2-- At SH-27, the PCU/day is 4280 and V/C ratio is 0.28, LOS is 'B'
From the above analysis it can be seen that the V/C ratio will change to 0.06 and 0.28 with LOS being “A” which is “Excellent” near village intersection and “B” which is “Very good” at State highway as per classification. So the additional load on the carrying capacity of the concerned roads is not likely getting affected. 4.7 Impact on Socio - Economic Environment Impacts of a mining project may be positive or negative. The adverse impacts attribute to physical displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed by loss of livelihood, mental agony, changes in social structure, and risk to food security etc. People are also directly affected
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
due to pollution. However, in Aniali Limestone Mining Project, there is no displacement of people due to mining operations. Study on Socio-economic status of the project has already been carried out using primary socio-economic survey for generating the baseline data of socio- economic status.
Anticipated Impacts From the primary socio-economic survey & through secondary data available from established literature and census data 2011, it is found that there would be positive impact on socio- economic condition of the nearby area. The nearest habitation is present in the village Daulatgadh situated at a distance of about 1.6km from the project site in North East direction. There is no human habitation within 1 Km of mining lease. Hence the mining activity does not involve any displacement of human settlement. No public buildings, places, monuments etc. exist within the lease area or in the vicinity. The mining operation will not disturb/ relocate any village or need resettlement. Thus no adverse impact is anticipated. The impact of mining activity in the area is positive on the socio-economic environment of the region. Aniali Limestone Mine will be providing employment to the local population and preference will always be given to local people whenever there is a requirement of man power for mining related work.
Probable Impact Assessment Impact on population composition The impact of the proposed mining project on population composition will be marginal as there will be no major immigration of people from distant areas. Only few skilled and managerial staff will be recruited from outside and the rest will be recruited locally. Similarly, there is no scope for emigration of people and there will be no displacement of people due to land acquisition. TCL ensures that all the unskilled workers or labors deployed for mining activities are local people.
Impact on employment generation The proposed mining project is expected to provide direct and indirect employment opportunities to the local people of different skills and trades. It is a positive impact that needs to be encouraged. There are already 28 workers engaged with this mine. Due to expansion, additional 15 workers will be required to achieve the targeted production. It has been estimated that about 43 workers of various categories will be employed directly to the expansion of mining project. The employment potentiality of the project is expected to ameliorate the economic condition of the families of those persons who will get employed in the proposed mining project. Further, the project will provide indirect employment to people who will be involved in segregation of extracted mining materials, petty business and service-oriented industries.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Impact on consumption pattern The field survey has revealed that people in the study area are generally poverty ridden. Increased household income may slightly change and enhance the consumption pattern of few who are burdened with poverty.
4.8 Mine Waste Management As per approved mining plan there is practically no solid waste and overburden in present mining area. The mining area lies on hilly land having rocky exposure and has no soil cover; therefore storage of soil is not required so far no patches of soil were encountered during mining. The sized limestone will be transported after sizing and undersized material will be dispatched to Soda Ash and Cement Plant at Mithapur.
5. Alternative technology and site analysis No alternative has been proposed for project site reason being mining project. Mining will be semi-mechanized and blasting and drilling proposed. Only excavator will be used to fill tippers.
6. Environmental monitoring Programmers To ensure proper implementation of environmental management plan. Environmental monitoring program has been planned. Air quality, water quality, ambient noise, will be conducted six monthly to ensure compliance conditions in environmental clearance. Health checkup is proposed for all villagers nearby resident to project site.
7. Additional studies 7.1 Public Hearing Public Hearing of “M/s Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine (Mine Lease Area: 12.27 Ha) of M/s Tata Chemicals Limited” for Proposed expansion of Limestone mining from 14,000 MTPA to 1,75,000 MTPA, at Village Aniali, Ta. Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar was conducted on 26th March,2021 at 12:00 hrs at M/s Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine, (M/s Tata Chemicals Limited), Crusher Area, Opp. Office of Tata Chemicals, Survey No. 207/P, Village. Aniali, Ta.Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar.
7.2 In order to take care of hazard/disaster during mining period. Below mentioned precautions will be taken. All safety precautions and provisions of Mine Act 1952, Metalliferrous Mines Regulations 1961 and Mines Rules1955 will be strictly followed during all mining operations; Entry of unauthorized persons in the mining area will be prohibited; Fire fighting and first-aid provisions in the mines office complex and mining area; Provisions of all the safety appliances such as safety boots, helmets, goggles etc. will be made available to the employees free of cost for their use;
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Training programmes for all the employees working in hazardous premises; under Mines Vocational Training Rules all employees of mines shall have to undergo the training at a regular interval; Working of mine, as per approved plans and regularly updating the mine plans; Cleaning of mine faces will be regularly done; Handling of explosives, charging and blasting will be carried out by competent persons only; Provision of magazine at a safe place with fencing and necessary security arrangement; Regular maintenance and testing of all mining equipment as per manufacturer’s guidelines; Suppression of dust on the haulage roads and loading & unloading points ; Adequate safety equipment will be provided at explosive magazine; and Increasing the awareness of safety and disaster through competitions, posters and other similar drives.
7.3 Blasting is proposed in proposed mining activity. Measures to prevent accident due to trucks and tippers will be managed in following ways- All transportation within the main working area should be carried out under the direct supervision and control of the management; The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once a week by a competent person authorized for this purpose by the management; Broad signs should be provided at each and every turning point especially for the guidance of the drivers of vehicles. To avoid dangers while reversing the trackless vehicles, especially at the embankment and tripping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should, as far as possible, be made man free, and there should be a light and sound device to indicate reversing of trucks; and A statutory provision of the fence, constant education, training etc. will go a long way in reducing the incidence of such accidents.
8. Project benefits The proposed Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining project will generate various benefits which includes:
8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure As it is a captive limestone mine, it will have direct and indirect impacts to improve physical infrastructure in nearby community. The impact on the civic amenities after the commencement of mining activities is likely to be substantial. The basic requirements of the community needs will be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township for the community, providing drinking water to the villages, building/strengthening of existing roads in the area. TCL will initiate the above amenities either by providing or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of the local communities.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Medical facilities will be provided in the form of first-aid facility at the mine site. These medical facilities will also be available to local people in the surroundings in case of emergencies. The project will improve the physical infrastructure of the adjoining areas. This will include the following:-
Improved road communication; Strengthening of existing community facilities through the existing Community Development Programme; Awareness program and community activities, like health camps, medical aids, family welfare programs, immunization camp, sports & cultural activities, plantation etc. Mine pits will be re-grassed
8.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure The proposed project is expected to provide employment to local people in different activities such as Mining, sizing, transportation and plantation activities. The project activity will not have any major impact on the environment. At Post mining stage of proposed project, the existing waste land shall be used for green belt development. Generation of employment and improved standard of living; Increased revenue to the State by way of royalty, taxes and duties Superior communication and transport facilities etc. In addition to above, due to increase in purchasing power of local habitants: There will be significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area. The proposed project will enhance the prospects of employment. Recruitment for the unskilled and semiskilled workers for the proposed project will be from nearby villages. The development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation, electricity, drinking water, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment, etc. will be developed as far as possible. Overall the project will change living standards of the people and improve the socio- economic conditions of the area. Also the company's Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives will have a positive impact on socio economic fabric of the region.
8.3 Employment Potential Future production planning does not indicate some change from present, in the employment. There are already 28 workers engaged with this mine. Due to expansion, additional 15 workers will be required to achieve the targeted production. TCL will employ 43 miners for mining of ore, quarry cleaning & road repairing. The local labors shall be engaged for sizing of limestone and loading and handling of mineral in mining area, besides, watch and ward and plantation activity with proper maintenance. Beside this, TCL shall engage skilled and managerial staff to meet the statutory requirement under MMR 1961 and MCDR 1988.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
The employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of project will upgrade the prosperity of the region. These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the area. In addition to the above, contractual labors and indirect employment opportunities will also be getting benefited after installation of mining project. 8.4 Socio-economic benefits The benefits of mining activity will be similar to any industrial set-up. There will be opportunities of direct and indirect employments to the locals. As mentioned earlier there will be around 43 personnel, most of them will be skilled or semi-skilled & unskilled workers. Total 90% staff will be employed from the local villages. The indirect employment will be far reaching.
9.1 Environmental Management Plan 9.1.1 CER Project Details As per the MOEF&CC's office memo no. F NO 22-65/2017-IA-III dated 01/05/2018.(Attached as Annexure XII),Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project is a brownfield project and total project cost is Rs. 75.0 Lakhs which is less than Rs. 100 Crores. As per above notification, 1% of the project cost is applicable for CER budget for brownfield projects. In the same context it has proposed to provide financial assistance of Rs. 75,000 per year for the development of social infrastructure of the area. Table 4: Community Environmental Responsibility plan Sr. No Activity Total budgetary provision (Rs.) 1 Environmental awareness programme 10,000 2 Environmental conservation display to improve water 15,000 conservation 3 Installation of Central R.O. System in nearby villages 20,000 4 Construction of separate toilets for boys and girls in 30,000 village schools and installation of sanitary napkin vending machine in schools. 75,000
9.1.2 Cost of Environment Control Measures/EMP Budget As a part of its responsibility towards protection of environment, TCL has allocated budget for Environment protection measures. The same is detailed in Table 5.
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Table 5: Proposed Cost of Environment Management Particulars Approximate Approximate Basis for cost estimates recurring Capital cost cost per (Rs. In lacs) annum (Rs. in lacs) Air quality 0.5 - As in mining lease there are no any stacks monitoring hence capital cost is nil. Recurring cost would include cost of monitoring of ambient air quality in the mining lease season wise
Water 0.5 - There are no treatment plants so capital quality cost for water pollution control is nil. control While TCL will be monitoring tube well samples of 3 villages in each season.
Noise 0.25 - Recurring cost includes monitoring cost pollution of noise measurement at different control locations.
Green belt 3.0 1.5 Capital cost includes a plant cost @100 development Rs. and wire fencing of about 90 m recurring cost includes cost of post plantation care. Dust 1.25 2.5 Capital cost include the cost of tanker and Suppression/ recurring cost include the purchase of water spray water Total 5.50 4.0 Total capital cost for EMP is Rs. 4.0 lakh and recurring cost per year is Rs. 5.50 lakh.
10. Conclusions The mining operations will meet the compliance requirements of MoEF&CC. Community impacts will be beneficial, as the project will generate significant economic benefits for the region; Adoption of best available technology and best management practices with more environmental friendly process; and with the effective implementation of the Environment
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Executive Summary
Management Plan (EMP) during the mining activities, the proposed project can proceed without any significant negative impact on environment.
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M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process to identify the environmental, social & economic impacts of a project prior to decision making. It is a decision-making tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. EIA aims predicting environmental impacts at an early stage of project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision makers. By using EIA, both environmental & economic benefits can be achieved. By considering environmental effects prediction & mitigation, early benefits in project planning, protection of environment, optimum utilization of resources, thus saving overall time & cost of the project.This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is prepared for obtaining Environmental Clearance (EC) from EAC Non-Coal Mining, MoEF&CC, New Delhi for the proposed Productivity Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine, Gujarat, by M/s TATA Chemicals Limited of mine lease area 12.27 Ha.
The proposed project is an expansion project and categorized as category A-Mining (1A- Mining of Minerals) as per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.
Environment Clearance has been granted for this project vide letter no. J-11015/304/2012-IA.II (M) Dated 27.07.2015 by MoEF&CC for the production of 0.014 million tons TPA(ROM) (EC letter attached as Annexure I)
TCL hereby proposes to expand the existing production capacity of 0.014 MT per annum to 0.175MT per annum. For the said reason, TCL filed online application vide IA/GJ/MIN/70670/2017 and obtained Terms of Reference (ToR) vide letter no. J- 11015/100/2018-IA.II (M) dated 9th October 2018. The present report is being prepared as per the compliance of the given ToR. (ToR letter is attached as Annexure II).
1.2 General Information on Mining of Minerals Geologically, Gujarat is a treasure trove of various mineral-bearing rocks ranging in age from Pre-Cambrian, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary Formations. Gujarat is endowed with rich minerals like petroleum & natural gas, granite, lignite, bauxite, limestone, bentonite, fire-clay, china-clay, fluorspar, marble, agate, chalk, gypsum and decorative &dimension stones with which, the State possesses a prominent place in mineral production in India. Mineral production has been a major factor in providing employment especially in backward areas, earning valuable royalty and foreign exchange. The existence of high-class infrastructure facilities and business environment, further add to the prospect of mineral development and mineral based industries in the state.
1.3 Description of lease area The proposed Expansion project of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is located near Village Aniali Tehsil Ranavav & District Porbandar in Gujarat. It is a captive mine of TATA Chemicals
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Limited (TCL), which will supply limestone as raw material to Soda Ash &Cement Plant of TCL at Mithapur, Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat for manufacturing of soda ash and cement.
The proposed lease is a Non-Forest Government waste land measuring 12.27 Ha, Survey No. 207/P with the highest proposed production target of 1,75000 TPA as per approved mine plan. Terms of reference (ToR) have also been granted for 1, 75000 TPA. The existing method of mining is Open Cast and the Category of Mine is ‘A’. Semi mechanized mining methodology is being adopted with occasional use of drilling and blasting for fragmentation of hard limestone strata.
The mining lease for Limestone over 12.27 hectares was granted in name of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited vide order no MCR/1565/13876/CHH issued by Government of Gujarat, Industries, Mines &Power Department, Gandhinagar on 07.07.1966 on survey no. 207/P.(Annexure II1A). It was executed for a period of 20 years with effect from 23.12.1966 to 1986. First renewal was applied on by TCL in form J on 02.09.1985 for 20 years and State Government rejected renewal application on dated 14.05.1987. (Annexure III B)TCL filed court case in Gujarat High Court against rejection of renewal application by central Government and the Gujarat High Court give its decision in favor of company to State Government for renewal of lease. TCL applied for second renewal on 17.11.2005.(Annexure III C)Due to amendment in Section 8A(5) of the MMDR Amendment Act 2015, lease period of captive leases are deemed to be extended for fifty years from the initial grant or up to 30 March 2030vide letterno. MCR/1565- 13876-CHH dated 02.02.2018(Annexure II1 D), issued by Industries and Mines Department, Government of Gujarat.
Approved Mine Plan: The mine plan of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine (12.27 Ha), Ranavav, Porbandar, Gujarat, has been approved vide letter no. 682(23)(373)/2005 MMDR (N) Uday Dated 14/09/2016. Copy of the mine plan is attached as Annexure IVA.
1.4 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 1.4.1 Name of the Project: Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is located near village Aniali, tehsil Ranavav and district Porbandar and state Gujarat. The existing capacity of the mine for which EC was granted is 14,000 TPA. The annual proposed production capacity under expansion is 1, 75000tonns per annum.
1.4.2 Identification of Project proponent TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL) was founded in 1939. TATA Chemicals Ltd is a global company with interests in businesses that focus on LIFE - living industrial and farming essentials. TATA Chemicals currently is the world's third largest producer of soda ash with manufacturing facilities in Asia Europe Africa and North America.
TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL) is operating Soda Ash Plant since 1943 at Villages Mithapur & Surajkaradi, Tehsil- Dwarka, District- Devbhoomi Dwarka, State-Gujarat. TCL products are key ingredients for some of the world's largest manufacturers of glass, detergents and other industrial products. The registered office of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited is situated at Bombay House, 24
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Homi Mody Street, Mumbai-400001, and Site office address is PO.-Mithapur, Tehsil- Okhamandal, District-Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat.
The mine lease of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine belongs to M/s TATA Chemicals Ltd. TATA Chemicals Limited is a public limited company registered under Company’s Act. The proposed project is for mining of limestone only. The present capacity of the mine is 14,000 tons per annum and proposed capacity under expansion is 1, 75000 tons Per annum. For 14,000 TPA Environment Clearance is obtained in year 2015. The mining methodology will remain same for the expansion. Semi Mechanized Mining with manual sizing, sorting and blending will be carried out by raising and crushing through mechanical means. The under sized material generated during the production after manual sizing or mechanized sizing will be send to TCL's own cement plant at Mithapur. The company's Mithapur plant is awarded an ISO-14001 certification and also the Chemicals Division is awarded the ISO-9001-2015 Quality Management System. This project will help in improvement of social, economic and environment structure, which will initiate sustainable development.
1.4.3 Location of mine lease and study area The Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine is situated nearVillageAniali, Tehsil Ranavav and District Porbandar, State Gujarat.The area falls in Survey of India topo sheet no. F42P14, (old no. 41G/14) geographically the ML area extends from:
Table 1.1: Pillar coordinates of the project site Pillars Latitude Longitude Pillar A 21° 42' 4.535" 69° 49' 31.769" Pillar B 21° 42' 18.832" 69° 49' 23.698" Pillar C 21° 42' 20.617" 69° 49' 27.317" Pillar D 21° 42' 22.384" 69° 49' 26.318" Pillar E 21° 42' 24.163" 69° 49' 29.923" Pillar F 21° 42' 8.103" 69° 49' 39.002" (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
The aerial image or location of Aniali Rana bordi Limestone Mine project is presented in Figure 1.1.The mine area exhibits gently undulating to flat topography. Shape of the lease is rectangular. The elevation of the area varies between 50 to 58 m showing 8 m distance in relief. No permanent nalla is present within the lease area. The area is having gentle slope towards NE to SW. The surface run off water follows the natural slope. The core zone of the project is the mine area and buffer zone of 10 Km radius from the lease periphery is the study area. The study area is spread over 28 villages and 2 towns (namely: Amardal and Ranavav) falling in three sub-districts namely Ranavav, Kutiyana of District Porbandar and Jamjhodpur in District Jamnagar as per census 2011.Out of these 28 villages, 5 villages are present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary.
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Figure 1.1: Location of the Project site/ Aerial Image
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Figure 1.2: 10 km Buffer Map of the Area/Study Area
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1.5 Brief Description of the Project Salient features of the project is presented in Table 1.2 Table 1.2: Brief Description of the Project Sr . Details of project Description No. 1. Project Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project 2. Name of Lessee M/s TATA Chemicals Limited 12th Floor, GIFT One Tower, GIFT City, Gandhinagar-382355 Gujarat 3. Lease Area 12.27Email ha ID: [email protected] 4. Survey No. 207/P 5. Village/ Taluka Aniali/ Ranavav 6. District/ State Porbandar / Gujarat 7. Existing Production 14,000 Tons Per Annum 8. Proposed Production 1,75000 Tons per Annum 9. Mine lease period 07.07.1966 - 1986 17.11.2005 - 2025 - 30.03.2030 10. Mine lease extension under Deemed extension up to 31.03.2030 as per MMDR 2015 MMDR 2015 11. Lessee M/s TATA Chemicals Limited 12th Floor, GIFT One Tower, GIFT City, Gandhinagar-382355 Gujarat Email ID: [email protected] 12. Type of land Non Forest - Government waste land 13. Mining Method Semi Mechanized open cast mining method; Drilling and Blasting will also be carried out. 14. Life of Mine Approx. 5 years as per approved mine plan
15. Ultimate Pit Depth 44.0 mRL is expected at the end of mine life 16. Use of Mineral This is a captive mine. The limestone produced from this mine will be transported to Soda Ash and Cement Plant located at Mithapur, Gujarat. 17. Mineral reserve details Proved mineral reserve Chemical Grade : 269205 MT Marginal Grade: 91355 MT Cement Grade: 369440 MT Total Proved reserve: 730000 MT
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Probable mineral reserve 00 MT Total (proved + probable) 730000 MT reserve Pre-Feasibility mineral resource Chemical Grade : 14485 MT Marginal Grade: 8993 MT Cement Grade: 16538 MT Total: 40016 MT Measured mineral resources Chemical Grade : 0 MT Marginal Grade: 0 MT Cement Grade: 514887 MT Total: 514887 MT Total Reserves + Resources Chemical Grade : 283690 MT Marginal Grade: 100348 MT Cement Grade: 990865 MT Total Proved reserve: 1284903 MT 18. Project cost 75.0 Lakhs 19. Market value For captive use 20. Mineral composition (source – Approved Mine plan): 1. Chemical Grade (CaCO3%+MgCO3%)>92%, SiO2<4% 2. Marginal Grade 92%
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Dai River is about 10.25 km NE direction. Sorti River is about 11.44km in NW direction. Gulab Sagar Lake is about 14.71 Km in North. Krishnapur Lake is about 12.27 Km in NW direction. Dhangva Nadi is about 2.19 km in North direction. Nearest Village Daulatgadh is about 1.6 Km NE direction. Nearest Town Ranavav is present at a distance of about 8.0 in South West direction. Jam Sakhpur Railway Station is about 4.81 Nearest Railway Station Km in North direction and, Ranavav Railway Station is about 10 km in West direction from the project site. NH-8B is about 4.89 km in South direction. Nearest National Highway SH-27 is about 4.50 km in West direction. State Highway Nearest Airport Porbandar Airport is about 17.77 km in SW direction. Seismic Zone As per GSDMA map, Gujarat falls in Zone III, which is a moderate risk zone for earthquake. Other Industries Limestone Mine leases of Tata Chemicals and other leases belongs to different owners. 22. Water Requirement and source 10 KLD from Ground Water. CGWA Permission is already obtained in 2011. 23. Manpower Requirement 15 (additional for expansion) 24. Plantation Details 10000 saplings during next 5year. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
1.6 Mine Connectivity Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is present in village Aniali which is approx. 2.31 km from mine site in SE direction. State highway SH 27 connects with the mine at 4.50 Km in west direction of the mine site. Site is also connected with the National highway NH 8B which is about 4.89 Km in South direction of mine. Rail connectivity is also meets with the mine site of Aniali Rana Bordi, Jam Sakhpur railway station is at 4.81 Km in North direction as well as Ranavav railway station is also located at 10 Km from site in West direction. Besides it, the air connectivity Porbandar Airport is also present in the approachability of Aniali Rana Bordi Mine at about 17.77 Km in the South West direction.
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Figure 1.3: Mine Connectivity Map as per Administrative Atlas of Porbandar
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1.7 Importance of Project Limestone Mining is a very important economic activity in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Chemical Grade Limestone is mainly found in this region, is essential for Soda Ash Manufacturing. This region practically supplies limestone for all Soda Ash production of India. The Soda Ash based limestone mining industry contributes significantly to the State Gross Domestic Product and provides direct employment to about 7500 laborers. Additional jobs are created by way of transportation and related jobs, ancillary to mining. Subject mine lease aims to augment the limestone supply to TCL, Mithapur. The products of TCL’s Mithapur plant, especially soda ash, are a vital input for a number of basic industries such as glass, pulp and paper, chemicals and detergents, besides others. Consequently, this project aims at keeping many of the key industries within the country well supplied with an essential raw material. Cement, another product of TCL, also dependent on limestone inputs, is a key input to the infrastructure development of India.
1.8 Scope of the Study The scope of the study is as per Terms of Reference (TOR)prescribed by EAC Non Coal Mining MoEF&CC, New Delhi, vide letter no.J-11015/100/2018-IA.II(M) Dated 09.10.2018(attached as Annexure-II) as per the generic structure of EIA given in Appendix III in the EIA notification 2006.
The EIA study broadly covered: Literature review and collection of primary and secondary data relevant to the study area; Establish the baseline environmental aspects of buffer zone of the study area; Estimation of incremental pollution load due to mining and activity and mineral transportation Provide mitigation measures to control environmental pollution. Prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality; and Identify critical environmental attributes that are required to be monitored in the post-project scenario.
This Final EIA report of Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine covers the below mentioned chapters; 1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Description of the Environment 4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5. Analysis of Alternative (Technology & Site) 6. Environmental Monitoring Program 7. Additional Studies 8. Project Benefits 9. Environmental Management Plan 10. Summary and Conclusion 11. Disclosure of Consultant Engaged
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1.9 Compliance of TOR Terms of Reference for conducting Environment Impact Assessment is compiled in tabular format (point wise compliance)
Conditions Reply
1. The TOR will not be operational till such Not Applicable, as the project is an time the Project Proponent complies with all expansion project and prior EC is already the statutory requirements and judgment of obtained in 2015. (EC letter attached as Hon’ble Supreme Court dated the 2nd Annexure I at page 1). August 2017 in Writ Petition(Civil) No. 114 of 2014 in the matter of Common Cause versus Union of India and Ors. 2. Department of Mining & Geology, State Not Applicable Government shall ensure that mining operation shall not commence till the entire compensation levied, for illegal mining paid by Project Proponent through their respective Department of Mining & Geology in strict compliance of judgment of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated the 2nd August 2017 in Writ Petition(Civil) No. 114 of 2014 in the matter of Common Cause versus Union Of India and Ors. 3. Year-wise production details since 1993- The Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is an 1994 should be given, clearly stating the existing mine, where EC was obtained in highest production achieved in any one year year 2015 for the annual production of prior to 1993-1994. It may also be 14,000 Tons of limestone. After obtaining categorically informed whether there had the EC, mine become operational in year been any increase in production after the 2017-2018. However, the past production EIA Notification 1994 came into force, details are available from the date of mining w.r.t. the highest production achieved prior operation in the past (since 1985-86). About to 1994. The production details need to 12.150 thousand Tonnes of mineral has been submit since inception of mine duly mined out in the years 2017-2018. During the authenticated by Department of Mines and production period environmental Geology, State Government. management measures were taken care like green belt development etc. by TCL. The details of year wise production from the start of mining operation duly validated by district geologist, Porbandar is attached as Annexure V at page 251. 4. A copy of the document in support of the The mining lease for Limestone over 12.27 fact that the Proponent is the rightful lessee hectares was granted in name of M/s TATA of the mine should be given. Chemicals Limited vide order no
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MCR/1565/13876/CHH issued by Government of Gujarat, Industries, Mines &Power Department, Gandhinagar on 07.07.1966 on survey no. 2017/P. (Annexure II1A at page 19). It was executed for a period of 20 years with effect from 23.12.1966 to 1986. First renewal was applied on by TCL in form J on 02.09.1985 for 20 years and State Government rejected renewal application on dated 14.05.1987 (Annexure III B at page 37). TCL filed court case in Gujarat High Court against rejection of renewal application by central Government and the Gujarat High Court give its decision in favor of company to State Government for renewal of lease. TCL applied for second renewal on 17.11.2005.(Annexure III Cat page 45) Due to amendment in Section 8A(5) of the MMDR Amendment Act 2015, lease period of captive leases are deemed to be extended for fifty years from the initial grant or up to 30 March 2030vide letter no. MCR/1565- 13876-CHH dated 02.02.2018 (Annexure II1 D at page 64), issued by Industries and Mines Department, Government of Gujarat. 5. All documents including approved mine Mining plan was approved vide letter no. plan, EIA and Public hearing should be 682(23)(373)/2005 MMDR (N) Uday compatible with one another in terms of the 14.09.2016.(The mine approval letter is mine lease area, production levels, waste shown in Figure 2.2 of chapter 2 at page generation and its management, mining 29) in the name of M/s TATA Chemicals technology etc. and should be in the name of Limited for 12.27 Ha area. lessee. EIA report is prepared on the basis of information given in the approved mine plan and supportive documents like lease deed, khasra etc. Approved mine plan attached as Annexure IVA at page 65. Waste generation & its management are given in under Section 2.8 of Chapter 2 at page 62.
Public Hearing was conducted on 26th March, 2021 at 12:00 hrs at M/s Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine, (M/s Tata Chemicals
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Limited), Crusher Area, Opp. Office of Tata Chemicals, Survey No. 207/P, Village. Aniali, Ta. Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar. All the details regarding Public Hearing are provided in Chapter 7 section 7.1 at page no. 214.
All the documents including approved mine plan, EIA report, lease deed etc. are in the name of TATA Chemicals Limited. 6. All corner coordinates of the mine lease The corner co-ordinates of the mine lease area, superimposed on High Resolution area superimposed on High Resolution imagery/ Topo-sheet, topographic sheet, Imagery provided in Figure 2.4 of chapter 2 geomorphology and geology of the area at page 33. should be provided. Such an Imagery of the The land use, ecological features of the study proposed area should clearly show the land area are shown in the 10 Km buffer map use and other ecological features of the given in Figure 2.6 of chapter 2 at page 35 study area (core and buffer zone). and land use map given in Figure 2.20 of chapter 2 at page 70. 7. Information should be provided in Survey of Information has been provided in Survey of India Toposheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating India Toposheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating geological map of the area, geomorphology geological features, geomorphology of land of land forms of the area, existing minerals forms, important water bodies and rivers, soil and mining history of the area, important etc. in the 10 Km buffer map in Figure 2.6 at water bodies, streams and rivers and soil of chapter 2 at page 35. characteristics. 8. Details about the land proposed for mining Details of land proposed for mining activities activities should be given with information has been given under section 3.2 of chapter as to whether mining conforms to the land 3 at page 76. Present mining conforms to the use policy of the State; land diversion for land use policy of the State. No land mining should have approval from State diversion has been proposed. Lease deed and land use board or the concerned authority. sanction order attached as Annexure IIIA, Annexure IIIB, Annexure III C and Annexure III D from page 19 to 64. 9. It should be clearly stated whether the The Environment policy prescribed for proponent Company has a well laid down standard operating process to bring into focus Environment Policy approved by its Board any violation/deviation of the environment of Directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the and forest norms/conditions that the company EIA Report with description of the operations will implement operational and prescribed operating process/procedures to risk management practices that provide for bring into focus any infringement/deviation/ maximum protection of people and the violation of the environmental or forest environment. The hierarchical system or norms/ conditions? The hierarchical system administrative order of the Company to deal or administrative order of the Company to with the environmental issues and for
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deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions ensuring compliance with the EC conditions is given in Section 9.2.3 of Chapter 9 at may also be given. The system of reporting page 250. of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the Company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large, may also is detailed in the proposed safeguard measures in each case should be provided. 10. Issues relating to Mine Safety, including Opencast semi-mechanized mining method is subsidence study in case of underground proposed for the excavation of limestone mining and slope study in case of open cast mineral. mining, blasting study etc. should be Issues related to mine safety has been given detailed. The proposed safeguard measures in approved mine plan and provided in EIA in each case should also be provided. report under section 7.2.7 of Chapter 7 at page 238. 11. The study area will comprise of 10 km zone The EIA study has been carried out in the around the mine lease from lease periphery study area of 10 km radius zone from the and the data contained in the EIA such as periphery of the mine lease. Details of Waste waste generation etc. should be for the life generation have been given in Table 2.17 of of the mine / lease period. Chapter 2 at page 62 and life of mine is given under section 2.6 of chapter 2 at page 61. 12. Land use of the study area delineating forest Land use of the study area delineating forest area, agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife area, agricultural land, grazing land, water sanctuary, national park, migratory routes of bodies, human settlements, and other fauna, water bodies, human settlements and ecological features etc are shown in Figure other ecological features should be 3.2 of Chapter 3 at page 78 and is supported indicated. Land use plan of the mine lease by area breakup of the land use within 10 km area should be prepared to encompass radius from the mine site in Table 3.2 of preoperational, operational and post Chapter 3 at page 77. operational phases and submitted. Impact, if Bard wildlife sanctuary is present at a any, of change of land use should be given. distance of 4.02 km from the working mining lease area. The map duly authenticated by District Conservator of Forest, Porbandar Division showing distance of Barda WLS from the mine lease boundary is attached as Annexure VII at page 254. 13. Details of the land for any Over Burden There is no overburden dumps outside the Dumps outside the mine lease, such as mine lease area as per the approved mine extent of land area, distance from mine plan, also there is no project affected family lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any, hence no R&R issue exists. should be given.
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14. A Certificate from the Competent Authority Forest land is not involved in the ML area as in the State Forest Department should be per approved mine plan and land use map of provided, confirming the involvement of the project site. (Land Use Map is attached as forest land, if any, in the project area. In the Figure 3.2 in Chapter 3 at page 78.) event of any contrary claim by the Project The map duly authenticated by District Proponent regarding the status of forests, the Conservator of Forest, Porbandar Division site may be inspected by the State Forest showing distance of Barda WLS from the Department along with the Regional Office mine lease boundary which also show that of the Ministry to ascertain the status of the project site is not present in the forest forests, based on which, the Certificate in area is attached as Annexure VII at page this regard as mentioned above be issued. In 254. Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi all such cases, it would be desirable for limestone mine does not involve forest land, representative of the State Forest also the lease deed of mine shows that it is a Department to assist the Expert Appraisal non- forest government waste land. Committees. 15. Status of forestry clearance for the broken There is no forest land involved within the up area and virgin forestland involved in the mine lease area hence no forestry clearance is Project including deposition of net present applicable to this project. value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished. 16. Implementation status of recognition of As forest land is not involved to this project, forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and recognition of forest rights under scheduled other Traditional Forest Dwellers tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 under the Act of 2006, (Recognition of should be indicated. Forest Rights) is not applicable. 17. The vegetation in the RF / PF areas in the There are three Reserve forest present in the study area, with necessary details, should be study area as well as Barda wildlife sanctuary given. is also present within the study area. Details of same are incorporated under section 3.7.7 and 3.7.8 of chapter 3 from page 127 to 136. 18. A study shall be got done to ascertain the A detailed study of biological environment impact of the Mining Project on wildlife of including flora/fauna of 10 Km buffer area the study area and details furnished. Impact and separate study of Barda Wildlife of the project on the wildlife in the Sanctuary is done which is given under surrounding and any other protected area section 3.7 of chapter 3 from page 120 to and accordingly, detailed mitigative 136. The impact of mining operations on the measures required, should be worked out biological environment including flora and with cost implications and submitted. fauna of the study area along with mitigation measures is discussed under section 4.5 of chapter 4 at page 184.
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19. Location of National Parks, Sanctuaries, Barda wild-life sanctuary is present at a Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, distance of 4.02km from the working mining Ramsar site, Tiger/ Elephant lease area. The map duly authenticated by Reserves/(existing as well as proposed), if District Conservator of Forest, Porbandar any, within 10 km of the mine lease should Division showing distance of Barda WLS be clearly indicated, supported by a location from the mine lease boundary is attached as map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Annexure VII at page 254. Warden. Necessary clearance, as may be The 10 km map of the study area showing the applicable to such projects due to proximity presence of Barda WLS is provided as of the ecologically sensitive areas as Figure 2.6 of chapter 2 at page 35. Barda mentioned above, should be obtained from WLS is a notified sanctuary from MoEF&CC the Standing Committee of National Board and its ESZ demarcation is also declared in of Wildlife and copy furnished. 28th April 2017 hence NBWL clearance is not applicable to this project; the notification is also attached as Annexure VIII at page 256. 20. A detailed biological study of the study area A detailed study of biological environment [core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of covering 10 Km study area (Core and Buffer the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be zone) is done and details are given in section carried out. Details of flora and fauna, 3.7 of chapter 3 from page 120 to 136. endangered, endemic and RET Species duly authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be furnished based on such primary field survey, clearly indicating the Schedule of the fauna present. In case of any scheduled- I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan along with budgetary provisions for their conservation should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Department and details furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of the project cost. 21. Proximity to Areas declared as ‘Critically The mine lease area is not in the proximity to Polluted’ or the Project areas likely to come areas declared as "Critically Polluted" and under the ‘Aravali Range', (attracting court list is attached as Annexure IX at page 286 restrictions for mining operations), should and also does not fall in the Aravali Range. also be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Department should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed
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mining activities could be considered. 22. Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map The proposed project does not fall in the duly authenticated by one of the authorized Coastal Regulation Zone. agencies demarcating LTL. HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished. (Note: The Mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority). 23. R&R Plan/compensation details for the There are no project affected persons due to Project Affected People (PAP) should be this project. Hence R&R plan is not furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, applicable to this project. the relevant State/National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs /STs and other weaker sections of the society in the study area, a need based sample survey, family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirements, and action programmes prepared and submitted accordingly, integrating the sectoral programmes of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village(s) located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues relating to shifting of village(s) including their R&R and socio- economic aspects should be discussed in the Report. 24. One season (non-monsoon) [i.e. March-May One season non-monsoon data for December (Summer Season); October-December (post 2018 –February 2019 (winter) has been monsoon season) ; December-February collected by QCI/NABL accredited (winter season)]primary baseline data on laboratory for ambient air, surface and ambient air quality as per CPCB ground water quality, noise level and soil Notification of 2009, water quality, noise quality near Aniali village and in the 10 Km level, soil and flora and fauna shall be study area. Three months baseline data has collected and the AAQ and other data so been given date-wise in Chapter 3 in the compiled presented date-wise in the EIA and EIA report including air, water, soil, and EMP Report. Site- specific meteorological noise quality along with the flora fauna of the data should also be collected. The location study area. Site- specific meteorological data of the monitoring stations should be such as was also collected by installing an automated to represent whole of the study area and weather station at site. justified keeping in view the pre-dominant The data received from micro meteorological
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downwind direction and location of sensitive station is given in Table 3.8 of chapter 3 at receptors. There should be at least one page 91. monitoring station within 500 m of the mine Three months meteorological data from lease in the pre-dominant downwind Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi direction. The mineralogical composition of (December 2018- February 2019) was PM10, particularly for free silica, should be purchased for the preparation of Wind Rose. given. Predominant wind direction was found to be North East. Monitoring stations were selected on the basis of pre-dominant wind direction (North East), selection of sensitive receptors and their locations representing the whole of the study area including upwind, downwind and crosswind directions. The wind rose is given as Figure 3.7(b) of chapter 3 at page 95. One monitoring station, AAQ1 is fixed at a distance of 0.45 meter (within 500 meter) from mine lease boundary as shown in Figure 3.10 of chapter 3 at page 100.
The mineralogical composition of PM10 including free silica has been given in Table 3.12 of Chapter 3 at page 110. 25. Air quality modeling should be carried out Ambient air quality modeling has been for prediction of impact of the project on the carried out to predict the impact of project on air quality of the area. It should also take air quality of the study area by using into account the impact of movement of AERMOD model. vehicles for transportation of mineral. The Three months meteorological data from details of the model used and input Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi parameters used for modeling should be (December 2018- February 2019) was provided. The air quality contours may be purchased for the preparation of Wind Rose. shown on a location map clearly indicating Predominant wind direction was found to be the location of the site, location of sensitive North East. receptors, if any, and the habitation. The The details of model input parameters for wind roses showing pre-dominant wind modeling studies has been provided in direction may also be indicated on the map. section 4.3 chapter 4 at page 168. It includes the impact of movement of vehicles for transportation of mineral. The air quality contours with location map has been given as Figure 4.2 at page 173, Figure 4.3 at page 175, Figure 4.4 at page 177, Figure 4.5 at 179 and Figure 4.6 at page 181 of chapter 4 indicating the location of the site, location of sensitive receptors etc.
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The wind rose diagram showing the pre- dominant wind direction is given in Figure 4.1 of chapter 4 at page 170. 26. The water requirement for the Project, its Total water requirement is proposed to be availability and source should be furnished. 10.0 KLD, which includes 2 KLD for A detailed water balance should also be drinking & domestic uses, 4 KLD for provided. Fresh water requirement for the plantation, 4 KLD for dust suppression. Project should be indicated. There is a deep tube well present near mine office from which water will be supplied for drinking and domestic purpose as well as for dust suppression measures. CGWA permission for ground water withdrawal is obtained for 10 cumin the year 2011. Enclosed as Annexure X at page 289.
Details of water requirement are given under section 2.11.4 of chapter 2 at page 65. The detailed water diagram is given as Figure 2.18 of chapter 2 at page 66. 27. Necessary clearance from the Competent CGWA permission is already obtained for Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of withdrawal of water in the year 2011, which water for the Project should be provided. is attached as Annexure X at page 289. 28. Description of water conservation measures The water conservation measures are proposed to be adopted in the Project should discussed under section 9.3.3 of chapter 9 at be given. Details of rainwater harvesting page 241. The proposal for rainwater proposed in the Project, if any, should be harvesting is also represented in Figure 9.2 provided. of chapter 9 at page 256. 29. Impact of the Project on the water quality, The proposed mining will not intersect the both surface and groundwater, should be existing ground water table. The test results assessed and necessary safeguard measures, of both surface and ground water are not if any required, should be provided. showing adverse impact on the water quality of the study area. The detailed impacts and mitigation measures w.r.t the quality of water (surface and ground) in the surrounding area is discussed under section 4.2 of Chapter 4 at page 166. 30. Based on actual monitored data, it may Based on actual monitored data, mining will clearly be shown whether working will not intersect ground water table hence no intersect groundwater. Necessary data and hydrological study is required. The detailed documentation in this regard may be impact and mitigation measures w.r.t the provided. In case the working will intersect quality of water in the surrounding area is groundwater table, a detailed Hydro discussed under Section 4.2 of Chapter 4 at
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Geological Study should be undertaken and page 166. No mining or working is proposed Report furnished. The Report inter-alia, shall below ground water level. However, for include details of the aquifers present and mining operations, pumping of ground water impact of mining activities on these aquifers. is proposed but when required, for which Necessary permission from Central Ground permission is already obtained from the Water Authority for working below ground CGWA. Copy attached as Annexure X at water and for pumping of ground water page 289. should also be obtained and copy furnished. 31. Details of any stream, seasonal or otherwise, There is no stream or seasonal water is passing through the lease area and passing through ML area hence no diversion modification / diversion proposed, if any, or modification is proposed. and the impact of the same on the hydrology should be brought out. 32. Information on site elevation, working Information on site elevation has been depth, groundwater table etc. should be provided in Figure 2.10 Geological plan of provided both in AMSL and bgl. A Chapter 2 at page 46. schematic diagram may also be provided for The elevation of the area varies between 50 the same. to 58 m, showing 8m difference in relief. The maximum working in the lease area is expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4 m deep from surface RL 44mRL.Ground water level as per approved mine plan is minimum at 13.40 mRL and maximum of 10.30 mRL. 33. A time bound Progressive Greenbelt Total 33% of the lease area will be developed Development Plan shall be prepared in a as green Belt which would be around 4.04 tabular form (indicating the linear and Ha. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 quantitative coverage, plant species and time plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for same will have to be executed up front on greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul commencement of the Project. Phase-wise roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, plan of plantation and compensatory workshop, mine office, etc. afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the area to be covered under In the approved mine plan also, the proposal plantation and the species to be planted. The for plantation of 2000 plants per annum and details of plantation already done should be fencing are proposed in the following phased given. manner. The plant species selected for green belt Year Number of Fencing should have greater ecological value and saplings to around should be of good utility value to the local be planted Plantation population with emphasis on local and (m) native species and the species which are I 2000 90 tolerant to pollution. II 2000 90
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III 2000 90 IV 2000 90 V 2000 90
Plant species for green belt development is given at Table 4.10 chapter 4 at page 186 which is based on CPCB guidelines for Green Belt Development, March 2000.Plant species selected for green belt will be of greater ecological value and of good utility value to the local population. Native and pollution tolerant species will be planted. 34. Impact on local transport infrastructure due Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the Project should be indicated. Projected to proposed project has been given in section increase in truck traffic as a result of the 4.6 of Chapter 4 at page 193. Project in the present road network Traffic survey was also conducted near (including those outside the Project area) village intersection and SH 27, survey forms should be worked out, indicating whether it are given as Annexure XI at page 290. is capable of handling the incremental load. From the traffic survey analysis it can be Arrangement for improving the seen that the V/C ratio will change to 0.06 infrastructure, if contemplated (including with LOS being “A” which is “Excellent” action to be taken by other agencies such as and 0.28 near village intersection with LOS State Government) should be covered. being “B” which is “Very good” at SH 27 as Project Proponent shall conduct Impact of per classification. Hence the additional load Transportation study as per Indian Road on the carrying capacity of the concerned Congress Guidelines. roads is not much significant and it is capable of handling the incremental load. The present road infrastructure is good enough however regular maintenance is required. 35. Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to Infrastructure facilities to be provided for be provided to the mine workers should be mine workers are rest shelter/ rest room, included in the EIA Report. separate facility for female and male workers, first aid room, training center, canteen facilities etc. The details are given under section 2.10 of chapter 2 at page 65. 36. Conceptual post mining land use and As per MOEF&CC Office Memorandum F. Reclamation and Restoration of mined out No. 22-34/2018-IA-III dated 16 January, areas (with plans and with adequate number 2020, "the mining lease holder shall, after of sections) should be given in the EIA ceasing mining operations, undertake re- report. grassing the mining area and any other area which may have been disturbed due to their mining activities and restore the land to a condition which is fit for growth of fodder,
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flora, fauna etc" Therefore, at the conceptual stage of the proposed mine the excavated area will be re- grassed for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc. Conceptual plans and sections are given in Figure 2.21 of Chapter 2 at page 71. 37. Occupational Health impacts of the Project Occupational health impacts of the project should be anticipated and the proposed are anticipated and preventive measures have preventive measures spelt out in detail. been discussed under section 6.3 of chapter Details of pre-placement medical 6 at page 212. Pre-placement medical examination and periodical medical examination and periodical medical examination schedules should be examination schedules are incorporated in incorporated in the EMP. The project the EMP. The project specific occupational specific occupational health mitigation health mitigation measures with required measures with required facilities proposed in facilities are proposed in the mining area is the mining area may be detailed. discussed under section 9.9 of chapter 9 at page 265. 38. Public health implications of the Project and Public health implications of the project and related activities for the population in the related activities for the population in the impact zone should be systematically impact zone systematically evaluated and evaluated and the proposed remedial proposed remedial measures are provided in measures should be detailed along with section 6.3.1 of Chapter 6 at page 212 and budgetary allocations. budgetary provision has been given in Table 9.7 of chapter 9 at page 270. 39. Measures of socio-economic significance TCL has identified measures of socio- and influence to the local community economic significance and influence to the proposed to be provided by the Project local community which is enlisted in EMP at Proponent should be indicated. As far as chapter 9 under the head of Corporate possible, quantitative dimensions may be Environmental Responsibility. The time given with time frames for implementation. bound implementation plan along with the budget is at Table 9.7 of chapter 9 at page 270. 40. Detailed environmental management plan Detailed environmental management plan is (EMP) to mitigate the environmental prepared as chapter 9 in the EIA report with impacts which should inter-alia include the necessary mitigation measures. impacts of change of land use, loss of Measures for the environmental impacts due agricultural and grazing land, if any, to project are presented in Chapter 9 at page occupational health impacts besides other 249 with budgetary allocation. impacts specific to the proposed Project. Occupational health impacts are discussed with the preventive measures are given in the same chapter under section 9.9 of chapter - 9 at page 265. 41. Public Hearing points raised and Public Hearing of “M/s Aniali Rana Bordi
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commitment of the Project Proponent on the Limestone mine (Mine Lease Area: 12.27 same along with time bound Action Plan Ha) of M/s Tata Chemicals Limited” for with budgetary provisions to implement the Proposed expansion of Limestone mining same should be provided and also from 14,000 MTPA to 1,75,000 MTPA, at incorporated in the final EIA/EMP Report of Village Aniali, Ta. Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar the Project. was conducted on 26th March, 2021 at 12:00 hrs at M/s Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine, (M/s Tata Chemicals Limited), Crusher Area, Opp. Office of Tata Chemicals, Survey No. 207/P, Village. Aniali, Ta. Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar. All the details regarding the Public Hearing is included in Chapter 7 at Page 214. Public Hearing proceeding is attached as Annexure XXII at page 452. 42. Details of litigation pending against the No litigation is pending against the project. project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of Law against the Project should be given. 43. The cost of the Project (capital cost and The cost of the project is Rs. 75 lakhs. recurring cost) as well as the cost towards Budget for environment protection towards implementation of EMP should be clearly implementation of EMP is given in Table spelt out. 9.7-9.8 of Chapter 9 at page 270-272 respectively. 44. A Disaster management Plan shall be A disaster management plan has been prepared and included in the EIA/EMP prepared and given in section 7.3 of chapter Report. 7 at page 239. 45. Benefits of the Project if the Project is Details of project benefits including implemented should be spelt out. The environmental, social, economic, benefits of the Project shall clearly indicate employment potential etc. have been environmental, social, economic, discussed in chapter 8 at page 245. employment potential, etc. 46. The activities and budget earmarked for The proposed project is an expansion project corporate environmental and CER has been calculated as per responsibility(CER) shall be as per MOEF&CC's office memo no. F NO 22- Ministry’s OM No. 22-65/2017-IA.II(M) 65/2017-IA-III dated 01/05/2018, attached as dated 01.05.2018 and the action plan on the Annexure XII at page 314. activities proposed under CER shall be Total project cost is Rs. 75.0 Lakhs which is submitted at the time of appraisal of the less than Rs. 100 Crores. As per above project included in the EIA/EMP Report. notification, 1% of the project cost is applicable for CER budget for brownfield projects. In the same context it has proposed to provide financial assistance of Rs. 75,000
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per year for the development of social infrastructure of the area. Budget for CER is given in Table 9.7 of chapter 9 at page 270 of the EIA Report. 47. The Action Plan on the compliance of the All the recommendations are noted and the recommendations of the CAG as per final EIA report is prepared by following the Ministry’s Circular No. J-11013/71/2016- compliance conditions. IA.I(M) dated 25.10.2017 needs to be submitted at the time of appraisal of the project and included in the EIA/EMP Report. 48. Compliance of the Ministry’s Office Affidavit in compliance of Ministry’s Office Memorandum No. F: 3-50/2017-IA.III (Pt.), Memorandum No. F: 3-50/2017-IA.III (Pt.), dated 30.05.2018 on the judgment of dated 30.05.2018 is attached as Annexure Hon’ble Supreme Court, dated the 2nd XIII at page 318. August, 2017 in writ petition (Civil) No. 114 of 2014 in the matter of Common Cause Versus Union of India needs to be submitted and included in the EIA/EMP Report. Besides the above, the below mentioned general points are also to be followed: (a) All documents to be properly referenced All documents are properly referenced with with index and continuous page numbering. index and continuous page numbering. (b) Where data are presented in the report The data in the EIA Report which is especially in Tables, the period in which the presented in tabular forms are annexed as data collected and the sources should be ‘list of tables’ in the Index and the period in indicated. which the data was collected and their sources are indicated in the tables. (c) Project Proponent shall enclose all the Lab reports prepared by MoEF&CC/NABL analysis/testing reports of water, air, soil, accredited laboratory are attached as noise etc. using the MoEF&CC/NABL Annexure XIV at page 320. All the original accredited laboratories. All the original analysis/testing reports will be available analysis/testing reports should be available during appraisal of the Project. during appraisal of the Project. (d) Where the documents provided are in a English version of all the documents has language other than English, an English been provided. translation should be provided. (e) The Questionnaire for environmental Questionnaire for environmental appraisal is appraisal of mining projects as devised filled and attached as Annexure XVIII at earlier by the Ministry shall also be filled page 349. and submitted. (f) While preparing the EIA report, the The MoEF&CC vide O.M. No. J- instructions for the Proponents and 11013/41/2006- IA.II (I) dated 4th August, instructions for the Consultants issued by 2009 is being followed in the preparation of
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MoEF&CC vide O.M. No. J- EIA Report. 11013/41/2006- IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry, should be followed. (g) Changes, if any made in the basic scope and No such changes have been made in the project parameters (as submitted in Form-I submitted Form-1, PFR for securing Terms and the PFR for securing the TOR) should of Reference. The EIA report is prepared be brought to the attention of MoEF&CC according to the Public Hearing process. The with reasons for such changes and details are provided in Chapter 7 at Page permission should be sought, as the TOR 214. may also have to be altered. Post Public Hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/EMP (other than modifications arising out of the P.H. process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation (h) As per the circular no. J-11011/618/2010- The proposed project is a expansion project IA. II (I) dated 30.5.2012, certified report of for which the EC was granted in the year the status of compliance of the conditions 2015. The Certified Compliance report (June stipulated in the environment clearance for 2018- December 2018) is attached Annexure the existing operations of the project, should XIX at page 419. be obtained from the Regional Office of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, as may be applicable. (i) The EIA report should include i) Surface The EIA report includes surface plan of the plan of the area indicating contours of main mining area given in Figure 2.8 of Chapter topographic features, drainage and mining 2 at page 41. The contours and drainage area. ii) Geological maps and sections iii) pattern is shown in Figure 2.11 of Chapter 2 sections of the mine pit and external dumps, at page 47. Geological plan and sections are if any, clearly showing the land features of shown in Figure 2.9 and Figure 2.10 of the adjoining area. Chapter 2 at page 45 and 46.
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 2- PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.0 General The proposed Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining project is located near Village Aniali, Tehsil Ranavav, and District Porbandar in Gujarat. It is a captive mine of TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL), which supplies limestone as raw material to Soda Ash & Cement Plant of TCL at Mithapur, Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat for manufacturing of soda ash and cement.
The proposed lease is a Non-Forest Government waste land (Non-Forest) measuring 12.27 Ha, with the highest production target of 1,75,000 TPA as per approved mine plan. Terms of reference (ToR) also have been granted for 1,75,000 TPA. The existing method of mining is Open Cast and the Category of Mine is ‘A’. Semi mechanized mining methodology is being adopted with occasional use of drilling and blasting for fragmentation of hard limestone strata.
The proposed project is categorized as category A-Mining (1A- Mining of Minerals) as per EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.
2.1 Description of Project The mining lease for Limestone over 12.27 hectares was granted in name of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited vide order no MCR/1565/13876/CHH issued by Government of Gujarat, Industries, Mines & Power Department, Gandhinagar on 07.07.1966 on survey no. 207/P. (Annexure III A). The proposed project is for capacity expansion of mine from 14,000 TPA to 1, 75000 TPA by open cast semi mechanized method. The total lease area is 12.27 ha which comprises totally of Govt. waste land. The total mineable reserves are 730000 MT. The expected life of the mine is approx. 5 years. Proposed Project is located near village – Aniali, Taluka – Ranavav, District- Porbandar, Gujarat. Limestone produced will be transported to the Mithapur chemical complex by road. Table 2.1: Project Profile 1. Project Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project 2. Name of Leasse Tata Chemicals Ltd 3. Lease Area 12.27 ha 4. Survey No. 207/P 5. Village/ Taluka Aniali/ Ranavav 6. District/ State Porbandar / Gujarat 7. Mining Method Semi Mechanized open cast mining method; Drilling and Blasting will also be 8. Life of Mine Approx.carried out. 5 years as per approved mine plan
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9. Ultimate Pit Depth 44.0 mRL is expected at the end of mine life 10. Existing Production 14,000 Tons Per Annum 11. Proposed Production 1,75000 Tons per Annum 12. Water Requirement 10 KLD 13. Manpower Requirement 15 (additional for expansion) Existing Manpower- 28 Total requirement of manpower=28+15=43 14. Plantation Details 10000 saplings during 5 years
2.1.1 Leasehold Area As per Approved Scheme of mining the lease area is a government wasteland and part of Survey No. 207/P, which falls under the revenue limit of Aniali village. There is no reserve forest or protected forestland within the lease area. Existing land use pattern is given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2– Existing Land Use Pattern Particulars Present position of the area in Ha A Mining Activity Mining 2.8266 Roads 0.2812 Processing Unit 0.00 Workshop 0.00 Township 0.00 Plantation 0.00 Etc 0.00 B Remaining virgin Govt. waste Land 9.1622
Total Area 12.27 (Source: As per Approved Mine Plan, 14.09.2016) As per IBM approved mine plan, the total lease area 12.27 Ha is a Govt. waste land. No forest land is involved in the mine lease area. The area exhibits gently undulating to flat topography. The elevation of the area varies between 50 to 58 m, showing 8 m difference in relief. The list of existing pit due to previous mining inside the lease area is as follows:
Table 2.3: Details of existing pits inside the lease Pit No Length Width Depth Lithology 1 260 138 2 Chemical Grade (Source: As per Approved Mine Plan, 14.09.2016)
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Figure 2.1: Location Map of the Project Site
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Limestone: Based on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the limestone, as revealed from drilling investigation, there are three types of limestone.
Table 2.4: Type of limestone 1 Chemical Grade CaCO3 % + MgCO3 % > 92%, SiO2 < 4% 2 Marginal Grade 92% < CaCO3 % + MgCO3 % > 90%, SiO2 > 4% 3 Cement Grade CaCO3 % + MgCO3 % < 90%, SiO2 > 5%
Approved Mine Plan: The mine plan of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine (12.27 Ha), Porbandar, Gujarat has been approved vide letter no. 682(23)(373)/2005 MMDR (N)Uday dated 14.09.2016. Approved Mining Plan letter is shown as Figure 2.2. Copy of the mine plan is attached as Annexure IVA.
Figure 2.2: Approved Mining plan letter Past Production Details: This is an existing mine, where EC was obtained in year 2015 for the annual production of 14,000 Tons of limestone. After obtaining the EC, mine become operational in year 2017- 2018. However the past production details are available from the date of mining operation in
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the past. About 12.150 thousand Tonnes of mineral has been mined out in the years 2017- 2018. During the production period environmental management measures were taken care like green belt development etc. by TCL. The details of year wise production from the start of mining operation duly validated by district geologist, Porbandar is presented in the below mentioned Table 2.5. Table 2.5 Past Production Details (Year wise) Sr. No. Year Production (in thousand T.) 1. 1985-86 00 2. 1986-87 23.025 3. 1987-88 29.404 4. 1988-89 18.232 5. 1989-90 00 6. 1990-91 00 7. 1991-92 00 8. 1992-93 00 9. 1993-94 00 10. 1994-95 00 11. 1995-96 00 12. 1996-97 00 13. 1997-98 00 14. 1998-99 00 15. 1999-2000 00 16. 2000-01 00 17. 2001-02 00 18. 2002-03 00 19. 2003-04 00 20. 2004-05 00 21. 2005-06 00 22. 2006-07 00 23. 2007-08 00 24. 2008-09 00 25. 2009-10 00 26. 2010-11 00 27. 2011-12 00 28. 2012-13 00 29. 2013-14 00 30. 2014-15 00 31. 2015-16 00 32. 2016-17 00 33. 2017-18 12.150 Source: Authenticated by Geologist, Geology and Mining department, Govt. of Gujarat, Porbandar.
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2.1.2 Location Details: The mine lease area falls in survey no. 207/p of the village Aniali, Taluka- Ranavav, Dist- Porbandar, Gujarat. It is located at about 2.31 km to the South East of Aniali village. From Village Aniali the mine site is approached by motorable road. The geographical location of the lease area is as under:- Table 2.6: Co-ordinates of the project site Pillars Latitude Longitude Pillar A 21° 42' 4.535" 69° 49' 31.769" Pillar B 21° 42' 18.832" 69° 49' 23.698" Pillar C 21° 42' 20.617" 69° 49' 27.317" Pillar D 21° 42' 22.384" 69° 49' 26.318" Pillar E 21° 42' 24.163" 69° 49' 29.923" Pillar F 21° 42' 8.103" 69° 49' 39.002"
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Figure 2.3: Location of the Project
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Figure 2.4: Location map of the project site with pillar coordinates
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Figure 2.5: 5 Km Buffer Map of the Study Area
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Figure 2.6: 10 Km Buffer Map of the Study Area
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Figure 2.7: 15 Km Buffer Map of the Study Area
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2.1.3 Need of the Project TCL had put their first Soda Ash Plant at Mithapur in 1939 with 50 TPD capacity and have gradually expanded their capacity and widened their product line over the years to become one of the most important national center for integrated production of basic chemicals in the country. The company has installed a cement plant in 1993 at its Mithapur Complex, mainly to consume the solid waste generated during soda ash manufacturing process. The cement plant has an installed capacity of 2,500 Tonnes per day and it manufactures two varieties of cement under the brand name of Tata Shudh.
1. Ordinary Portland cement (Grade 53)
2. Masonry cement
TCL has existing capacity of 10,91,000 TPA Soda Ash (Gross) in Mithapur chemical plant , which is about 34 % of the country capacity. The company has also established a cement plant with an annual rated capacity of 8,25,000 MTPA Clinker production with a view to utilize the fines(-50 mm) left behind after screening the RoM to obtain sized material for soda ash plant along with the other subgrade limestone obtained as overburden or inter-burden during mining of chemical grade limestone.
TCL now propose to expand the capacity of the soda ash plant to 13,16,000 TPA and the cement plant to 9,00,000 TPA in future.
The annual requirement of Chemical grade limestone for its soda ash plant is around 16.0 Lakhs MT, however to cater the limestone requirement for the soda ash plant, company is importing chemical grade limestone from the Gulf countries in the range of 6.0 to 7 lakhs tones per annum.
The need of the project is to meet the demand of the Soda ash plant and cement plant from the increased capacity of Aniali Limestone Mine to reduce the dependency on the import and generation of the employment at local level.
2.1.4 Salient features of the project The description of the project with its salient features is as following.
Table 2.7 Salient features of Project Sr . Details of project Description No. 1 Mine lease area Total lease area- 12.27 Ha 2 Existing Production 14,000 TPA 3 Proposed production 1,75000 TPA 4 Mine lease period 07.07.1966 - 1986 17.11.2005 - 2025 - 30.03.2030 5 Mine lease extension under Deemed extension up to 31.03.2030 as per MMDR 2015 MMDR 2015
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6 Lessee M/s TATA Chemicals Limited 12th Floor, GIFT One Tower, GIFT City, Gandhinagar-382355 Gujarat Email ID: [email protected] 7 Type of land Non Forest - Government waste land 8 Use of Mineral This is a captive mine. The limestone produced from this mine will be transported to Soda Ash and Cement Plant located at Mithapur, Gujarat. 9 Mineral reserve details Proved mineral reserve Chemical Grade : 269205 MT Marginal Grade: 91355 MT Cement Grade: 369440 MT Total Proved reserve: 730000 MT Probable mineral reserve 00 MT Total (proved + probable) 730000 MT reserve Pre Feasibility mineral resource Chemical Grade : 14485 MT Marginal Grade: 8993 MT Cement Grade: 16538 MT Total: 40016 MT Measured mineral resources Chemical Grade : 0 MT Marginal Grade: 0 MT Cement Grade: 514887 MT Total: 514887 MT Total Reserves + Resources Chemical Grade : 283690 MT Marginal Grade: 100348 MT Cement Grade: 990865 MT Total Proved reserve: 1284903 MT 10 Project cost 75.0 Lakhs 11 Market value For captive use 12 Mineral composition (source – Approved Mine plan): 1. Chemical Grade (CaCO3%+MgCO3%)>92%, SiO2<4% 2. Marginal Grade 92%
13. Details of Environmental Settings Ecological Sensitive Areas Barda wildlife sanctuary is present at a (National Park, Wild Life distance of 4.02 Km in NW direction and Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, 112.21 meters from ESZ. Reserve/ Protected Forest etc.) within 10 km distance Mokarsagar Bird Sanctuary is located app.
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13.45 Km in SW direction from the project site. Forests Naliyadhar Reserve Forest is approx. 0.010 Km in south west direction. Jambuda Reserve Forest is approx. 2.88km in North direction. Khageshri Reserve Forest: approx. 7.85 km in East direction. Water bodies Bileshwari Nadi is about 5.60 Km in NE direction. Minsar Nadi is about 5.25 Km in East direction. Khambhala reservoir is about 7.33km in NW direction. Fodara reservoir is about 9.75km in NW direction. Dai River is about 10.25 km NE direction. Sorti River is about 11.44km in NW direction. Gulab Sagar Lake is about 14.71 Km in North. Krishnapur Lake is about 12.27 Km in NW direction. Dhangva Nadi is about 2.19 km in North direction. Nearest Village Daulatgadh is about 1.6 Km NE direction. Nearest Town Ranavav is present at a distance of about 8.0 in South West direction. Jam Sakhpur Railway Station is about 4.81 Nearest Railway Station Km in North direction and, Ranavav Railway Station is about 10 km in West direction from the project site. NH-8B is about 4.89 km in South direction. Nearest National Highway SH-27 is about 4.50 km in West direction. State Highway Nearest Airport Porbandar Airport is about 17.77 km in SW direction. Seismic Zone As per GSDMA map, Gujarat falls in Zone III, which is a moderate risk zone for earthquake. Other Industries Limestone Mine leases of Tata Chemicals and other leases belongs to different owners.
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Water Requirement and source 10 KLD from Ground Water. CGWA Permission is already obtained in 2011. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.1.5 Size/Magnitude of Operation Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining lease is present on a government waste land covering an area of 12.27 Ha. It is an existing mine with the production of 14,000 Tons per annum. Proposed rate of production is 1,75000 TPA for Limestone mineral. Mining is proposed for five years as per approved mine plan. Details of mineral and waste generation as per approved mine plan provided in Table 2.8.
Table 2.8 Insitu Tentative Excavation Year Pit Total Top IB ROM Miner ROM/ no. tentative Soil (cum) (Chemical+Margi al Waste Excavatio (cum) nal+Cement)) reject Ratio n (cum)* (cum) (cum) Ore Mineral (cum) reject** * 20% (cum) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I 1 42500 800 4250 30600 7650 Nil Nil II 2 60000 1100 6000 43200 10800 Nil Nil III 3 87500 1250 8750 63000 15750 Nil Nil IV 4 87500 850 8750 63000 15750 Nil Nil V 5 87500 850 8750 63000 15750 Nil Nil * Tentative tonnage of the ore may be arrived by computing approximate bulk density of 2.00 te per cu m. **Undersized mineral will be used for cement manufacturing. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
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Figure 2.8 Surface Plan
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2.2 Geology 2.2.1 Topography: - The allotted lease area is 12.27 ha falling under survey no. 207/P in the revenue village Aniali. The lease area is rectangular in shape and bounded by six boundary pillars. Pillar Coordinates are given in Table 2.6. The elevation of the area varies between 50-58 m showing a relief of about 8 meter. Lease area is a limestone outcropping ridge with moderate height. Details of Existing pits within the lease area Pit Length Width Max. Depth (m) Lithology Encountered No. (m) (m)
1 260 138 2.0 Chemical Grade (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.2.2 Regional Geology The rock formation belonging to late Pleistocene to early Holocene age and designated as miliolite formation occupies the Saurashtra coastal plain extending from northwest of Porbandar to near Gopnath point in Bhavnagar district. This formation overlaps the Pliocene and Miocene rocks and also rests directly over the Deccan Trap formation of upper Cretaceous to Paloecene towards the North and East. The regional geology of the area comprises igneous rock and their derivatives, calcareous, argillaceous sedimentary rocks and alluvium/blown sand. The outcrops are very scanty because of alluvium cover. The limestone usually occurs as cap-rock of mounds and knolls. The regional stratigraphic sequence is shown in Table 2.9.
Table 2.9: Regional Stratagraphic Sequence AGE FORMATION ROCK TYPE Recent (Holocene) Alluvium/ Recent Alluvial soil, black-brown soil, Limestone coastal limestone Early Holocene to Late Miliolite Formation Aranaceous limestone and calcareous Pleistocene sandstone Pliocene Dwarka Beds Gypsiferous clay and sandy foraminifer limestone Miocene Gaj Beds Clay and calcareous clay ------Uniformity ------
Paleocene to upper Deccan Trap Basalt and its derivatives including cretaceous the intermediate and acidic rock types like, dacites, granophyre etc. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 18.03.2019)
2.2.3 Local geology The lease area has been subjected to mining in several pits exposing the lower layers of the limestone formation. The undisturbed area is also covered by the limestone excepting the
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northern corner where the trap rocks of the Deccan Trap formation exposed. The trap rock has not been drilled into and exposures of the same are also not seen in the vicinity. The local stratigraphic sequence as could be deciphered from the exploratory drilling data is presented in the Table 2.10.
Table 2.10: Local Stratigraphic Sequence AGE FORMATION ROCK TYPE Recent (Holocene) Alluvium/ Recent Alluvial soil, black-brown soil, Limestone coastal limestone Early Holocene to Late Miliolite Formation Medium to fine grained, brownish Pleistocene grey, high grade limestone with occasional thin lenses of impure limestone and calcareous clay towards the bottom. Pliocene Dwarka Beds Gypsiferous clay and sandy foraminifer limestone Miocene Gaj Beds Clay and calcareous clay ------Uniformity ------
Paleocene to upper Deccan Trap Granophyre is not exposed and cretaceous encountered in drilling. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 18.03.2019)
The limestone occurs in form of beds showing gentle dips towards north east. The deposit is strata bound of regular habit.
2.2.4 Description of the rocks units within the lease area Limestone: A part of limestone deposit has already mined manually from more than a dozen small to medium sized pits within the lease area in the past. The maximum thickness of the limestone horizon within the lease is a little less than seven meters. The limestone shows alternating layers, band and lenses of chemical and inferior (or cement) grade varieties. The distribution of the three types limestone is shown on Geological Plan as Figure 2.9 and does not exhibit any regular pattern. Classification of Limestone S. No. Type of Limestone Description/Criteria 1 Chemical Grade CaCO3 % + MgCO3 % > 92%, SiO2 < 4% 2 Marginal Grade 92% < CaCO3 % + MgCO3 % > 90%, SiO2 > 4% 3 Cement Grade CaCO3 % + MgCO3 % < 90%, SiO2 > 5% (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
This is a fine to medium grained, gray to grayish white limestone with generally consistent high carbonate and low silica content. Towards the bottom, the limestone becomes more and
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more impure passing on to clayey limestone and calcareous clay before resting unconformably over the basement rock. As revealed by the drilling operation, the calcareous rock sequence resting over the granophyre basement and constituting the limestone deposit in the area can be broadly grouped under two lithological type based on physical characteristic and chemical composition of the limestone strata. 1. Chemical Grade Limestone: - Suitable for soda ash manufacture 2. Inferior grade Limestone: - Suitable for cement manufacture
2.3 General Features 2.3.1 Surface Drainage Pattern The area is having gentle slope from north east to south west. The surface runoff water follows the natural slope. There is no prominent nalla present within the lease area.
In this area groundwater occurs under unconfined or water table condition in limestone strata and underlying formations down to upper portion of the trap rocks. The average depth (m) of the water table based on observations from nearby village dug wells is given below: Table 2.11: Average depth of water table Maximum Water Table(mRL) Minimum Water Table(mRL) 10.30 m 13.40 m (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
The working in the lease area are expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4m deep from surface RL 44mRL as the deposit is in slope of hillock the bottom RL of the pit at the the end of mining life will be similar to the general elevation of the area i.e. 40m. Therefore the mine floor will remain much above the ground water table.
Drainage of water may not be much problem in this area as annual rainfall is only about 400 mm to 500 mm. The mine is situated at higher altitude from surrounding level so during rainy season water drain out from nearby areas into nalla. The entire lease boundary will be provided with green barrier by formation of barrier of 1.5m height within the boundary restricted zone of 7.5 m thus there will be no surfaces wash off from mine surface during the monsoon season. The contour map of the study area is given in Figure 2.11.
2.3.2 Vegetation: The area is scanty of vegetation with scattered babul (Prosopis juliflora) and bushes. No other prominent tree species exist. The common tree found in the plain area is Gogad, Bawal, Khair, Rayan, Ber, Limbo, Neem, Awala etc.
2.3.3 Climate: The climate of the area as a whole is dry, generally hot and humid. The maximum and minimum temperature in the area ranges from 42oC to 12oC. The relative humidity ranges 70 to 80% during post monsoon, 40 to 50% during winter whereas during it ranges 60-70%. 2.3.4 Rainfall: The average rainfall ranging 400 to 500 mm per annum between June to September months.
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Figure 2.9 Geological Plan
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Figure 2.10 Geological Plan & Sections
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Figure 2.11- Drainage map of the study area
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2.4 Quality of Reserve 2.4.1 Method of estimation of reserve The total mineral resources and reserves have been calculated by cross sectional area method. In this method the cross-sectional area of section line is multiplied by the influence of the section line to give the volume. This in turn has been multiplied by the bulk density (2.0) to find out the tonnage. The mineral reserve thereafter has been calculated by depleting remaining resources from total mineral resources.
Table-2.12 Mineral Reserve and Resources as per approved scheme of mining United Nations Frame-work Classification UNFC Limestone (Chemical (UNFC) code and Inferior Grade) (In MT) Proved Mineral Reserve 111 730000 Pre-Feasibility mineral Resource 221 40016 Measured mineral resources 331 514887 Total Reserves + Resources 1284903 (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.5 Method of Mining 2.5.1 Existing method for mining: - The existing method of mining is Open cast mining method. The category of mine is ‘A’ Fully Mechanized Open Pit Mine. Benches of maximum 5m height, ramp gradient 1 in 16, drilling 102 mm dia deep hole blasting, excavation by diesel operated hydraulic excavator into tipper trucks. Transportation of mineral from mine site to destination through tipper trucks. Bench slope angles maintained at 800.
2.5.2 Proposed Method of Mining Open cast mining method will be used, drilling and blasting will be done occasionally in case of encounter of hard strata to provide the shattering effect. The deposit is having at a shallow depth with no overburden present on the chemical grade limestone bed, is suitable for open cast mining method. Drilling and blasting is used and proposed to be used for fragmentation. ROM will be loaded by shovel/backhoe into dumpers/HEMM for transporting to the proposed crushing/sizing site outside the lease area. Thus, no material or mineral rejects will be remained inside the lease area. The category of mine is ‘A’ Open Pit Mine (OTFM) by using the shovel-dumper combination for mining operations.
The salient features of proposed method of mining are as follows: 1) Bench height maximum 5.0 meter (will be developed in two slices for the safety point of view) and width will be more the height. 2) Bench slope: 800 3) Ramp gradient: 1 in 16 4) Face length: 50m to 90m 5) Advancement of faces: Perpendicular to strike towards NE and SW direction 6) Excavation: By diesel operated hydraulic excavator into tipper trucks.
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7) Transportation:By tipper trucks of ROM from mine site to the proposed automated crushing/screening unit outside the lease on non-mineralized zone.
The sized (+50 to -100mm) limestone will be directly dispatched to Soda Ash Plant at Mithapur by conventional trucks of 17 tonnes capacity on contract basis, with private parties. The undersized material will be temporarily stored near to the crushing unit before it is sent to Cement Plant of TCL. No processing of ROM will be conducted inside the lease area.
8) Drilling and Blasting: Diamond core drilling was done with a view to prove depth continuity of deposit and to ascertain quality and its variation. Vertical boreholes were drilled at 100m* 100 m grid interval keeping nature of deposit in view. Altogether 17 boreholes of NXM size were drilled from 1.37 m to 6.38 m depth with total meterage drilling of 76.23 m. Dry drilling was also adopted in highly fractured, weathered and clayey limestone zones to obtain maximum core recovery. The core recovery in the core able limestone formation was 86%. The highly fractured, fragmented, weathered and clays limestone has recorded core recovery of around 52%. The collar of boreholes varies in between 49m to 58m. The boreholes logs are marked on section and geological plan as shown in Figure 2.9 and 2.10. TCL has necessary permissions from DGMS for use of drilling and blasting system. Bench dimension will be as per the scheme of mining. Bench slope will be 800 from the horizontal. Width of the benches will not be less than the height. The drilling will be done with the help of 102 mm diameter DTH drill machine in combination with compressor. Blast holes will be drilled in square/rectangular pattern 3m*4m (burden*spacing) for a 3.0- 6.0m bench height. Blasting will be done mainly with ANFO (manufactures at the site by BMD owned by TCL) as column charge and cap sensitive explosive as the base charge. TCL has already obtained necessary permissions for storage and usage of explosives.
Table 2.13: Salient features of proposed method of mining Category of Mine Category A Method of Mining By Open cast method (using drilling and blasting) Targeted Production Proposed Production under expansion is 1,75000 TPA Bench height and width Max. Height: 5m (Into 2 slices of 2.5m) Width: width of bench shall be more than 5m First bench- Limestone Maximum 5m from surface Drilling and blasting Occasional adoption of drilling and blasting to give shattering effect to hard strata (TCL already has necessary permission from the DGMS for use of drilling and blasting system)
Pit slope The edge of excavation shall be adequately sloped and secured so as to prevent danger of sliding as per the regulation 106 of the Metalliferous Mines Regulation, 1961. The slope of each bench will be kept around 800 Loading One no. of shovel of 1.3 cum bucket capacity
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Transportation within mine Tippers/Dumpers of 17 tonnes capacity Transportation outside Contractual Trucks/ dumpers, private parties mine Source: Approved Mine Plan (14.09.2016)
2.5.3 Mining Equipment The mine will be developed and operated using the following machines are given in Table 2.14. Table-2.14: List of Mining Machinery Capacity Units Used in of (in which Electrical/ No. of Opencast/ Type of each capacity non Owned/ Machine undergro Machinery type of is Electrical Hired ry und machine reported (specify) (Specify) ry ) Air Compressor Non- 400 cfm 125 1 Opencast Owned XA 190 electrical Wagon Drill - 110 mm. - 1 " " Owned BVB 25 Back Hoe EX - 1.3 M3 125 2 " " Owned 200 Tipper/ Hyva- 17 MT 112 4 " " Hired 2518 Water Tanker 8000 Ltr 80 1 " " Owned Payloader HM 1.53 M3 110 1 " " Owned 2021 Tata Hitachi - 0.3 EX 70/ Rock- M3/100 65 2 " " Owned Breaker TPH
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Figure 2.12(i): First Year Development Plan
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Figure 2.12 (ii): First Year Development Sections
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Figure 2.13 (i): Second Year Development Plan
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Figure 2.13 (ii): Second Year Development sections
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Figure 2.14(i): Third Year Development Plan
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Figure 2.14 (ii): Third Year Development Sections
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Figure 2.15 (i): Fourth Year Development Plan
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Figure 2.15 (ii): Fourth Year Development Sections
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Figure 2.16 (i): Fifth Year Development Plan
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Figure 2.16 (ii): Fifth Year Development sections
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2.5.4 Sorting of Limestone No processing of ROM will be conducted inside the lease area. The ROM will be sent to the proposed automated crushing/screening unit outside the lease area on non-mineralized zone. The sized material (+50 to -100mm) generated will be directly sent to TCL's own Soda Ash Plant at Mithapur. The under sized material will be temporarily stored near to the crushing unit before it is sent to Cement Plant. Route map for transporting mineral from project site to Cement and Soda Ash Plant of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited at Mithapur is shown in Figure 2.17. Water sprinkling is done for dust suppression and the regular upkeep and maintenance of HEMM for taking care of the environment concern.
2.5.5 Proposed Rate of Production The proposed rate of production for five years as per mine plan is given below:
Table 2.15: Year-wise Production of Limestone (ROM: Chemical Grade) Year Total Tentative Excavation ( In Tonne) I 85000 II 120000 III 175000 IV 175000 V 175000 (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
Recovery of ROM The recovery will be kept nearly 90% to ensure the proper mineral conservation. To increase the recovery of ROM, the sorting of ROM will be done manually outside the lease area by the company as per approved mining plan. This will improve the maximum use of ROM.
2.6 Life of mine The life of mine is given in following table:-
Table 2.16: Estimation of Life of mine Total Mineable Reserve (Chemical & cement grade) 730000 MT Proposed production 1,75000 Tons Expected Life of Mine 4.17 or Say 5 years (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.7 Details of Mining Process 2.7.1 Conceptual Mining Plan The Lease area has been fully explored and reserves have been established. The mining scheme has been conceived on the basis that the chemical grade limestone deposit, proved within the lease area would be sized after crushing/screening at registered plot outside the lease area. The lease area is presently having remaining reserve of approx. 1.28 million MT
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of both combining chemical and cement grade limestone. The ultimate depth of the pit at the end of life of mine is expected to be at 44.0mRL, the voids in the northern side due to excavation in the lease area will be converted into water reservoir for accumulating rain water. By the end of life of mine around 8.1975 ha will be planted on both undisturbed and mined out area as shown in the conceptual plan. Wire fencing is proposed surrounding the pits for safety purpose. The plantation is proposed in the non-mineralized zone along with green belt in SBZ area. Conceptual Plan is shown as Figure 2.21.
2.7.2 Ultimate Pit Depth Limit: The maximum working in the lease area is expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4 m deep from surface RL 44mRL as the deposit is in slope of hillock the bottom RL of the pit at the end of mining life will be similar to the general elevation of the area i.e. 40m. Therefore, the mine floor will remain much above the water table. The average depth (m) of the water table based on observations from nearby village dug wells is given below:
Average depth of water table Maximum Water Table(mRL) Minimum Water Table(mRL) 10.30 m 13.40 m (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.8 Waste Management Top soil in the lease area is of very thin bed of varying 0.25-0.45m, which will be used in plantation within the lease area. Overburden generated during mining plan period will be Nil. The waste likely to be generated will be in the form of associated clay with the limestone horizon, which is below the threshold grade and has no sale value. No dumping ground is proposed as the undersized ROM will be generated at the crushing/screening unit outside the lease area. Nearby the screening unit, the nature of dump will be temporary as the undersized ROM will be used in TCL’s Cement manufacturing Plant. The year wise waste generation and reusing of Top Soil for plantation purpose is tabulated under Table 2.17. Table 2.17 Year Wise Waste Generation (Top Soil, OB/Waste/Mineral reject) Year Top soil (cum) Mineral Rejects (cum) Reuse/Spreading Storage Backfilling Storage* Blending Beneficiation
I 800 Nil Nil 7650 Nil Nil II 1100 Nil Nil 10800 Nil Nil III 1250 NA NA 15750 NA NA IV 850 NA NA 15750 NA NA Total 4000 Nil Nil Nil Nil NA *The mineral rejects (under sized of Chemical Grade) will be temporary stored inside the lease area before using in cement manufacturing (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
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2.8.1 Overburden/waste Management There will be no overburden or waste removal in course of mining and therefore no land needed to be demarcated for such surface dumps and disposal. The under sized limestone will be stored temporarily, to be supplied to the cement plant at regular interval. There is a thin layer of soil cover varying 0.25-0.45 m in the area which will be used for plantation within the lease area.
2.9 Beneficiation/ Processing No beneficiation/ processing will be done in the mining lease area, screening/sizing of ROM/ crushing screen will be done at plot near mine site from which it will be transported to TCL Soda Ash/ Cement Plant located at Mithapur, Gujarat.
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Figure 2.17: Route map for transporting mineral from project site to Cement Plant of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited at Mithapur
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2.10 Site Facility The Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine would be captive source of supply of limestone to the Soda Ash Plant and the Cement plant at Mithapur. Normally in such case, the mine site services are an integral part of the plants. A mine office is already established inside the lease area for providing the site services. As regards to others mine site service requirements, the position is as follows:
2.10.1 Mining Office: An office cum store with maintenance shed is available inside the lease area. A first-aid box with all necessary medical facilities will be made available and maintained at mine office.
2.10.2 Rest Shelter: Rest shelter along with first aid station complying with all the provisions of Mines Rules is constructed in the lease area itself.
2.10.3 Blasting Shelter: A portable blasting shelter will be provided for the mine employees to take shelter during blasting operations. Blasting will be usually carried out during lunch hours.
2.11 Utilities Required: 2.11.1 Power Supply The mining equipment will be operated by using diesel. Mine will work in one shift only, in day time. Therefore, no electric power supply is required for mining operations. The use of electricity will be limited to lighting/illumination of the project site at night. The electric supply will be made available by GEB. Electricity/DG power will also be provided at the site office.
2.11.2 Workshop and Stores Infrastructure for repair and maintenance is already available at TCL’s nearby mines, so no need of additional facilities to be installed.
2.11.3 Fuel Detail High Speed Diesel (HSD) is used for running of mining equipment and vehicles at the mine site. Average daily consumption of HSD, considering periodic cycle of machinery used will be 0.02 MT/day for running the mining machineries.
2.11.4 Water Requirement There is a deep tube well near mine office from which water will be supplied for drinking and domestic purpose as well as for dust suppression measures. CGWA permission for ground water withdrawal is obtained for 10 cum in the year 2011 Enclosed as Annexure X.
Total water requirement is proposed to be 10.0 KLD, which includes 2.0 KLD for drinking & domestic uses, 4.0 KLD for plantation and 4.0 KLD for dust suppression. The break- up of total water requirement of the mines is given in Table-2.18.
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Table-2.18: Water Requirement Activity Water requirement, KLD Dust suppression /allied mining activity 4.0 Plantation 4.0 Drinking & Domestic 2.0 Total 10.0 Source Ground Water
Ground water (10 KLD)
Human consumption Dust suppression Greenbelt development (2 KLD) (4 KLD) (4KLD)
Residual Quantity into Soak pit
Figure 2.18: Water balance diagram
Several water conservation methods will be adopted as follows: 1. Rain water harvesting in mined out pits 2. Truck mounted sprinkler system 3. Development of drip irrigation for watering the plants
2.12 Waste Water generation There will be no waste water generation form mine or mining operations. Small quantity of domestic waster will be generated which will be disposed in septic tanks followed by soak pits.
2.13 Mine Drainage The lime stone deposit in this lease is elevated from the ground hence mining excavation will not go deeper down the ground level, hence will never touch the ground water table. The details of site levels and ground water table are given as below in Figure 2.19. Hence the proposed mining will not intersect the ground water table.
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General Ground Level – 50 mRL
Pit limit after five years working -44 mRL (6 BGL)
Ultimate Pit Limit - 44 RL (6 m BGL)
Ground water Level Post-Monsoon - 35 RL (17.5 m BGL)
Ground water level Pre-monsoon - 27 m RL (25.5 m BGL)
Figure 2.19: Working level through the life of mine
2.14 Storm Water: The regional drainage show radial pattern and nearest major river Minsar River finally merge into Arabian Sea. Minsar river is approximately present at 5.30 Km away from mine site in South East direction. Draining of water may not be much problem in this area as annual rain fall is only about 400mm to 500 mm. Further it is observed that due to porous nature of the exposed formation the rain water gets percolated quickly by ground seepage. The rain water dries up quickly whenever there is substantial rain fall. During the past years no significant accumulation of water has been observed in the small working pits of earlier quarrying operation of the area. The mine is situated at higher altitude average RL 58 m from surrounding level about 50 m RL so during rainy season water drain out from nearby areas into nalah. There is no mine out stone is present within the lease area hence the situation of rolling of stone during rainy season does not arise.
2.15 Employment Generation There are already 28 workers engaged with this mine. Due to expansion, additional 15 workers will be required to achieve the targeted production. Total manpower requirement for this mine is 43 personnel. The employment of the mine is as below: General management and mines office. Time keeping, Personal welfare, Training and mines safety. Mining operations Stores, minor repairs and garage. The manpower requirement is given below in Table 2.19
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Table 2.19 Manpower Requirement Highly Skilled: 2 Full Time Mining Engineer 1No. As per Rule 42 of MCDR 1988 Full Time Geologist 1 No. As per Rule 42 of MCDR 1988 Skilled: 9 Foreman(Supervisor) 1 No. Part time blaster 1 No. Dumper Drivers 3 No. Excavator Operators 2 Nos. Drilling & Blasting Operation 2 Nos Semi- skilled and Unskilled Manpower: 4 Semi-skilled 3 Nos. Helper for dumper operator Un-skilled 1 Nos. Plantation Work Total 15 Nos. Existing 28 Nos. Total Manpower Requirement 43 Nos. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
2.16 Land Use Pattern (Present Vs Conceptual) The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining. The existing vs at the end of plan period land use pattern is given the following Table 2.20.
Table 2.20: Land Use Pattern (Present Vs Conceptual) Particulars Present position of Position at the end the area in Ha of plan period in Ha A Mining Activity Mining 2.8266 11.2339 Roads 0.2812 0.00 Processing Unit 0.00 0.00 Workshop 0.00 0.00 Township 0.00 0.00 Plantation 0.00 0.05 Etc 0.00 0.00 B Remaining virgin Govt. waste 9.1622 0.9861 Land Total Area 12.27 12.27 (Source: As per Approved Mine Plan, 14.09.2016)
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2.17 Break-up of areas in the mining lease
Table 2.21: Existing vs. at the end of plan period land use pattern S. Head Area put Additional Total Area Net area No. on use at requirement Area considered as consider start of during plan (ha) fully ed for Mining period (ha) reclaimed and calculati Plan rehabilitated on (ha) (ha) (ha) 11.233 1 Area under mining 2.8266 8.4073 0 11.2339 9 2 Storage for top soil 0 0 0 0 0 3 Waste dump site 0 0 0 0 0 4 Mineral storage 0 0 0 0 0 Infrastructure – workshop, 5 0 0 0 0 0 administrative building etc. 6 Roads 0.2812 0 0.2812 0 0.2812 7 Railways 0 0 0 0 0 8 Tailing pond 0 0 0 0 0 Effluent Treatment 9 0 0 0 0 0 Plant Mineral Separation 10 0 0 0 0 0 Plant 11 Township area 0 0 0 0 0 12 Others (Green Belt) 0 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 11.565 Grand Total 3.1078 8.4573 0 11.5651 1
Total 11.5651 Ha out of 12.27 Ha will be put in use area for the next 5 years of mining.
(Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016))
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Figure 2.20- Land use Map of the Study area
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Figure 2.21- Conceptual Plan & Sections
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2.18 Reclamation and Rehabilitation of mined out area The mining area is almost flat. A thin layer oftop soil 0.25- 0.45 m will be used in plantation within the lease. The slope of benches will be suitable graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The top of the benches shall be properly fenced to prevent fall of cattle/person. Greenbelt will be developed as per approved mining plan. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, workshop, mine office, etc. Local species like Siris, Neem, Kachnar, Kashid, Shisham, Gulmohar, Karanj, Pipal, Drumstick, Imli, Banyan tree, Bel patra etc. will be planted in consultation with the Forest Department as well as CPCB Guidelines for greenbelt development. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation by means of fencing and regular watering to protect from grazing animals and nurture. At the end of the mining lease period, as per MOEF&CC Office Memorandum F. No. 22-34/2018-IA-III dated 16 January, 2020, "the mining lease holder shall, after ceasing mining operations, undertake re-grassing the mining area and any other area which may have been disturbed due to their mining activities and restore the land to a condition which is fit for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc" Table 2.22: Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing Year Number of saplings to be Fencing around planted Plantation* (m) I 2000 90 II 2000 90 III 2000 90 IV 2000 90 V 2000 90 *Plant species like Thor (Cactus) etc. will be used for natural fencing.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 3-DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.0 General The baseline environment conditions are important factor to study while preparing the EIA Report. We can compare the predicted anticipated environmental impacts due to project and can prepare mitigation plan to manage the harmful effects. The main objective of describing the environment which may be potentially affected, are i) To assess present environmental quality and the environmental impacts and ii) to identify environmentally significant factors that could preclude mine development. Mining activities affect the existing status of environment at site. In order to maintain the existing environmental status at mining site it is an essential study of existing environmental status and assesses the impact of upcoming project on various environmental components. This Chapter gives an idea of description of environment status of the study area and this will be helpful for assessment of impacts on the environment due to proposed mining activities.
Baseline environmental status in and around proposed mining lease area describes the existing conditions of air, noise, water, soil, biological and socio-economic environment. The proposed project as a centre, a radial distance of 10 km is considered as study area for baseline data collection and environmental monitoring. The data was collected by an accredited NABL laboratory for various environmental attributes so as to compute the impacts that are likely to be arise due to proposed development activity.
3.1 Study Area & Study period The baseline environment quality was carried out over a radial distance of 10 km around the mining lease area during winter season covering the months of December 2018-January 2019- February 2019. Laboratory reports are attached as Annexure XIV. The monitoring or sampling photographs are attached as Annexure XV.
3.1.1 Methodology Base line attributes like Ambient Air, Water, Meteorology, Noise, Soil, Ecology and Biodiversity & Socio Economic condition were collected as per approved Terms of Reference issued by MoEF&CC dated 09.10.2018. Secondary data was also collected from various government departments as well as through consultation with local people. Methodology adopted in this study is as follows.
By setting up meteorological station near project site. Collection of ecological data at the mine site.
Installation of air monitoring dust samplers (for PM10, PM2.5) at 07 locations in the study area for the collection of primary air pollutants. Carrying out a detailed biological study for the core and buffer Zone.
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Soil sample were collected from 05 locations in the study area to analyse physical and chemical characteristics of soil quality. Surface water samples were also collected from the Khambada Reservoir and Minsar nadi (Valotra village). Ground water samples were collected from three locations, Aniali village, Bordi village and Dualtagadh village within study area to analyse the existing water quality in the study area. Noise measurement has been done in core zone as well as buffer zone to analyse the existing situation in the study area. Literature review that includes identification of relevant data and articles from various publications, various government agencies and other sources for socio-economic, demography has been done with primary data collection in 10 km of the study area. Accordingly, field studies were carried out during the study period (December 2018 to February 2019) to establish the existing baseline conditions.
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Figure 3.1: 10 km Buffer Map of the study area
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3.2 Land Environment of the Study area (i) Land use Land-use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods. It also has been defined as "the total of arrangements, activities, and inputs that people undertake in a certain land cover type.
(ii) Land cover Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent being vegetation. The expression continues to be used by the Bureau of Land Management.
Land Environment Since open-cast method has been adopted for this mining project, studies of land use and terrain information is required.. The main objective of land baseline data is to take remedial measures for any change in land use due to proposed mining project. In this section both core and buffer zone areas have been considered for land use study.
3.2.1 Land Use in Core Zone The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining. The existing vs at the end of plan period land use pattern is given the following Table 3.1.
Table 3.1– Existing Vs At the end of Plan Period Land Use Pattern Particulars Present position of Position at the end of the area in Ha plan period in Ha Mining Activity A Mining 2.8266 11.2339 Roads 0.2812 0.00 Processing Unit 0.00 0.00 Workshop 0.00 0.00 Township 0.00 0.00 0.05 Plantation 0.00 Etc 0.00 0.00
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B Remaining virgin Govt. waste 9.1622 0.9861 Land Total Area 12.27 12.27 (Source: As per Approved Mine Plan, 14.09.2016)
3.2.2 Land Use in Buffer Zone Land use of study area has been prepared from latest satellite imagery. Specialised land use data has been prepared by using GIS software. Different components are provided in this section. Land use and land cover has been analysed for Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project for the agricultural land, settlement, forest, open scrub, waste land and water body etc.
To assess the land use pattern, a detailed study was carried out. Land use pattern study reveals that the 10 km radius area is predominantly an agricultural land. Details are given in Table 3.2 and Fig. 3.2 along with the false colour composite map in Fig. 3.3.
Table 3.2 Land use Details SI. No Description Area (ha) Area% 1 Agricultural land 19779.35 62.55 2 Forest 3365.47 10.64 3 Open Scrub 1868.32 5.91 4 Settlement 574.10 1.82 5 Waste/other land 5223.52 16.52 6 Water-body/River/Canal 811.03 2.56 Total 31621.78 100
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Figure 3.2: Land use map of the study area
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Figure 3.3: False colour composite map of the study area
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3.2.3 Seismicity of the area The Bureau of Indian Standards publishes seismicity map and codes in India. The Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine is present in a govt. waste land near Porbandar coastal area and falls under seismic zone III. India has been divided into four seismic zones from zone II to zone V where zone II is lease vulnerable and zone V is most variable. In Gujarat, zone III has been classified as moderate risk of earth quake by Gujarat Disaster Management Authority. Seismic zone showing the study area in the figure below:
Figure 3.4: Seismic Zone Map of Study Area
3.2.4 Major environmental features in Study Area Barda wildlife sanctuary is present at a distance of 4.02 Km in NW direction and 112.21 meters from ESZ. Naliyadhar Reserve Forest is approx. 0.010 Km in south west direction. Jambuda Reserve Forest is approx. 2.88km in North direction. Khageshri Reserve Forest is approx. 7.85 km in East direction. The main environmental features are surface water bodies which includes Bileshwari Nadi, Minsar Nadi, Khambhala reservoir, Fodara reservoir, Dhangva Nadi. There is no tiger and elephant corridors present in the study area.
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3.3 Water Environment Water quality assessment is one of the essential components of EIA study. Such assessment helps in evaluating the existing health of water body and suggesting appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the potential impact from mining project. Water quality of ground water has been studied in order to assess proposed water-uses in construction, drinking, cooling and horticulture purpose.
The water quality at the site and other locations within the 10 km impact zone was monitored during months of December 2018-Febraury 2019.
3.3.1 Sampling frequency
Parameters for analysis of water quality were selected based on the utility of the particular source of water as per CPCB guidelines. Surface water quality was monitored for parameters as per Methods of Monitoring & Analysis published by CPCB and it was rated according to the CPCB Water Quality Criteria against A, B, C, D & E class of water. Water samples were collected from sampling location for complete physico-chemical and bacteriological tests respectively. The samples were analyzed as per standard procedure / method given in IS: 10500.
The surface water quality is compared with CPCB water quality criteria mentioned in Table 3.3 below:
Table 3.3 Water Quality Criteria as per Central Pollution Control Board
Designated-Best- Class of Criteria Use water Drinking Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be Water Source without 50 or less A conventional pH between 6.5 and 8.5 treatment but after Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more Biochemical disinfection Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/l or less Outdoor bathing Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be (Organized) 500 or less; B pH between 6.5 and 8.5; Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Drinking water source Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be after conventional 5000 or less; C treatment and pH between 6 to 9; disinfection Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild D pH between 6.5 to 8.5
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life and Fisheries Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Cooling, Controlled Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm E Waste disposal Max.2250 Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria
As per the standard practice, one sample from each station was taken each month in the study period. Sampling was done by standard sampling technique as per the Standard Methods. Necessary precautions were taken for preservation of samples.
3.3.2 Ground water Samples were collected & tested from different sites. The quality of ground water was studied by collecting 03 water samples from representative open dug wells and tube wells. Water sampling stations are shown in Table 3.4 and Figure no. 3.5. Table 3.4: Ground water sampling location
Station Monitoring Distance Direction Longitude Latitude Code Location from Mine from mine lease (km) lease GW1 Aniali 2.32 SE 69° 51' 2.900"E 21° 41' 38.502"N Village GW2 Bordi 2.45 N 69° 49' 5.697"E 21° 43' 45.344"N Village GW3 Daulatgarh 1.73 NE 69° 50' 44.877" 21° 42' 53.876"N Village E
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Figure 3.5: Ground water location map
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Table 3.5 Ground Water Monitoring Results S. Parameters Units Limits (as per Test Method December-18 No. IS:10500-2012) Desira Permiss Aniali Bordi Daulatgarh ble ible Village Village Village Limit Limit GW1 GW2 GW3 1 Color Hazen 5 15 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) <5 <5 <5 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour - Agreea Agreeab IS : 3025 (Pt-5) Agreea Agreeab Agreeable ble le 1983, RA 2017 ble le 3 Taste - Agreea Agreeab IS : 3025 (Pt-8)- Agreea Agreeab Agreeable ble le 1984, RA 2017 ble le 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 IS: 3025 (Pt- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No IS : 3025 (Pt- 7.2 7.6 7.3 Relaxati 11)1983, RA on 2017 6 Total mg/l 200 600 IS : 3025 (Pt- 197 167 156 Hardness (as 21)1983, RA
CaCO3) 2014 7 Calcium mg/l 75 200 IS : 3025 (Pt- 58 41 47 (as Ca2+) 40)1991, RA 2014 8 Magnesium mg/l 30 100 IS 3025 (Pt-21) 9.1 6.2 7.7 (as Mg2+) 9 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 No 3111B (AAS), 0.13 0.11 0.14 Relaxati APHA 23nd Ed. on 2017 10 Chlorides mg/l 250 1000 IS : 3025 (Pt- 48 46 51 (as Cl) 32)1988, RA 2014 11 Fluoride (as mg/l 1 1.5 4500F(D), ˂0.2 ˂0.2 ˂0.2 F) APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 12 Total mg/l 500 2000 IS: 3025(Pt- 296 276 259 Dissolved 16)1984, RA Solids 2017 (TDS) 13 Copper (as mg/l 0.05 1.5 3111B (AAS), <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Cu) APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 14 Manganese mg/l 0.1 0.3 3111B (AAS), <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
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(as Mn) APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 15 Sulphate mg/l 200 400 IS : 3025(Pt- 3.8 2.9 3.1
(as SO4) 24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as mg/l 45 No IS : 3025(Pt- 0.7 0.9 1.3
NO3) Relaxati 34)1988, RA on 2014 17 Cadmium mg/l 0.003 No 3111B (AAS), <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (as Cd) Relaxati APHA 23nd Ed. on 2017 18 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.01 No 3111B (AAS), <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Relaxati APHA 23nd Ed. on 2017 19 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 3111B (AAS), <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 20 Chromium mg/l 0.05 No IS : 3025(Pt- <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 (as Cr6+) Relaxati 52)-2003 RA on 2014 21 Alkalinity mg/l 200 600 IS: 3025(Pt- 141 167 154
(as CaCO3) 23)1986, RA 2014 22 Aluminum mg/l 0.03 0.2 3111B (AAS), <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 (as Al) APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 23 Boron (as mg/l 0.5 1 3111B (AAS), <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 B) APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 24 Special µm/cm - - IS : 3025(Pt-14) 458 487 369 Electrical Conductivit y 25 Total mg/l - - 4500-P D, <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Phosphorus APHA 23rd Ed. (as P) 26 Phenolic mg/l 0.001 0.002 IS : 3025(Pt- <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Compounds 43)1992, RA 2014 27 Mercury mg/l 0.001 No 3114 (AAS), <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Relaxati APHA 23nd Ed. on 2017 28 Selenium mg/l 0.01 No 3114 (AAS), <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
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(as Se ) Relaxati APHA 23nd Ed. on 2017 29 Arsenic (as mg/l 0.01 0.05 3114 (AAS), <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 As) APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 30 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 No IS : 3025(Pt- <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Relaxati 27)1986, RA on 2014 31 Anionic mg/l 0.2 1 IS : 13428, <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Detergents 2005, RA 2014 32 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.5 No IS : 7299, 2017 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Relaxati on
3.3.2.1 Ground water quality results and conclusion Interpretation Ground Water: The physico-chemical characteristics of ground water in the study area are presented in the Tables 3.5 and is compared with the standards (IS 10500: 2012 Indian Standards/Specifications for Drinking Water) reference values.
Colour: The colour of ground water samples was found <5 hazen unit and meets the acceptable limit for drinking water standard. Odour: The odour of ground water samples was found agreeable and meets the acceptable limit for drinking water standard. pH: The pH value of ground water samples was found 7.2 to 7.6 and meets the drinking water acceptable standard. Turbidity: The Turbidity of ground water samples was found between BDL to < 1 NTU and meets the permissible limit for drinking water standard. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in ground water samples was found 259 to 296 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 500 mg/l in some samples. Total Hardness: Total hardness value of ground water samples was found 156 to 197 mg/l. Hardness value meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l in some samples. Iron: The iron content in ground water samples was found BDL 0.11 mg/l to 0.14 mg/l. Chloride: Chloride content of ground water samples was found 46 to 51 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 250 mg/l. Calcium: Calcium content in ground water samples was found 41 to 58 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l in water samples. Magnesium: Magnesium content in ground water samples was found 6.2 to 9.1 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 30 mg/l in water samples
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Sulphate: Sulphate content in ground water samples was found 2.9 to 3.8 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l for potable water. Nitrate: Nitrate content in ground waters samples was found 0.7 to 1.3 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 45 mg/l for potable water. Fluoride: Fluoride content of water samples was found <0.2 mg/l. Zinc: Zinc content of ground water sample was found <5 mg/l. Conclusions: The results of ground water were compared to Indian Standard Specification of drinking water IS: 10500:2012 and found fit for drinking purpose.
3.3.3 Surface Water Sampling of surface water was conducted as per Indian Standards. Surface water quality has been analyzed from the Khambada Reservoir and Minsar Nadi (Valotra village) Surface water analysis results are tabulated below.
Table 3.6: Surface water sampling location Station Monitoring Location Distance Direction Longitude Latitude Code from from Mine mine lease lease (km) SW1 Khambada Reservoir 7.48 NW 69° 45' 50.098" E 21° 44' 33.746" N SW2 Minsar Nadi (Valotra 5.75 SE 69° 53' 3.393" E 21° 41' 37.227" Village) N
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Figure 3.6: Surface Water Location Map
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Table 3.7: Surface water result S. No. Parameter Unit Limits as Test Method Khambad Minsar Nadi s per a (Valotra IS:2296/Cl Reservoir Village) ass C SW1 SW2 1 Colour Haze 5 IS:3025 (Pt 4) <5 <5 n 1983, RA 2017 2. Odour - Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) Agreeable Agreeable 1983, RA 2017 3. Temperature 0C IS 3025 (Pt-9) 21 24 4 Turbidity NTU 5 IS: 3025(Pt-10) 3 1 1984, RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.9 – 9.0 IS : 3025 (Pt-11) 7.72 7.4 1983, RA 2017 6 Conductivity µmoh - IS : 3025 (Pt-14) 446 487 s/cm 1984, RA 2013 7 Alkalinity mg/l 200 IS : 3025 (Pt-23) 179 142 (as CaCO3) 1986, RA 2014 8 Total mg/l 300 IS : 3025 (Pt-21) 191 136 Hardness 1983, RA 2014 (as CaCO3) 9 Calcium (as mg/l 75 IS : 3025 (Pt-40) 58 67 Ca2+) 1991, RA 2014 10 Magnesium mg/l 30 IS : 3025 (Pt-21) 5.9 5.1 (as Mg2+) 11 Chlorides (as mg/l 600 IS : 3025 (Pt-32) 98 81 Cl) 1988, RA 2014 12 Fluoride (as mg/l 1.5 4500F(D), APHA ˂0.2 ˂0.2 F) 23nd Ed. 2017 13 Dissolved mg/l - IS : 3025 (Pt-38) 6.9 6.6 Oxygen as 1989, RA 2014 O2 14 Nitrate as mg/l 50 IS : 3025 (Pt-34) 3.9 3.3 NO3 1988, RA 2003 15 Biological mg/l 30 IS : 3025 (Pt-44) 8.1 8.9 Oxygen 1993, RA 2009 Demand (BOD) 16 Chemical mg/l - IS : 3025 (Pt-58) 26 30 Oxygen 2006 Demand (COD) 17 Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.1 3110, APHA 23rd ˂0.01 ˂0.01 Ed. 2017 AAS 18 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 3110, APHA 23rd ˂0.01 ˂0.01 (Cd) Ed. 2017 AAS 19 Copper (Cu) mg/l 1.5 3110, APHA 23rd ˂0.05 ˂0.05 Ed. 2017 AAS 20 Zinc (Zn) mg/l 1.5 3110, APHA 23rd ˂0.5 ˂0.5 Ed. 2017 AAS 21 Iron (Fe) mg/l 1 3110, APHA 23rd 0.17 0.12 Ed. 2017 AAS 22 Total mg/l - IS: 3025(Pt-17) 37 31 Suspended 1984, RA 2012 Solids (TSS) 23 Total mg/l 1500 IS: 3025(Pt-16) 141 176 Dissolved 1984, RA 2017 Solids (TDS)
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24 Sodium (as mg/l -- IS: 3025(Pt-45) 6.3 7.4 Na) 1993, RA 2014 25 Potassium mg/l -- IS: 3025(Pt-45) 8.3 6.1 (as K) 1993, RA 2014 26 Sulphate (as mg/l 400 IS: 3025(Pt-24) 6.7 5.2 SO4) 1986, RA 2014 27 Phosphorus mg/l -- 4500 P(D), APHA <0.2 <0.2 as P 23nd Ed.
3.3.3.1 Surface water results and conclusion Interpretation Results for Khambada Reservoir : pH 7.72, electrical conductivity 446 µS/cm, total alkalinity 179 mg/l, total hardness 191 mg/l, Chloride 98 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/l, total dissolved solids were found 141 mg/l.
Results of Minsar nadi: pH 7.4, electrical conductivity 487 µS/cm, total alkalinity 142 mg/l, total hardness 136 mg/l, Chloride 81 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen 6.6 mg/l, total dissolved solids were found 176 mg/l.
3.4 Air Environment Assessment of impact on air environment due to the proposed developmental project for preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMP) requires information on existing ambient air quality status in and around the project site. They include reconnaissance study, identification of the air pollutants and measuring their existing level in ambient air with in the study area prior to implementation of the project. The data required to access the status is collected analysed and evaluated through a designed air quality monitoring network. The study area was defined as area within 10 Km distance from the project site.
Air quality monitoring network was formulated based on the following parameters
Population and sensitive area Topography of the study area Representation of regional background Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind direction. Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in the winter season (December 2018 to February 2019) and site specific data was collected.
Secondary Metrological data has been purchased from Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi, for the same period in order to complete the air modelling exercise and wind direction.
3.4.1 Site specific meteorological data Site specific meteorological data was collected by installing automated weather station near Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine project site. The result has been obtained for
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temperature, rainfall, wind speed, humidity and wind direction. It has been summarised in the following table:
Table 3.8 Site specific meteorological data ( December 2018 to February 2019)
Hour Temperature Rainfall Wind speed Wind Relative Direction Humidity % Degree Celsius (mm) Meter/Second Degree 100 20.9 0 2 350 42
200 20.2 0 2.1 24 44
300 19.8 0 2.3 20 45
400 18.7 0 2 24 45
500 18.5 0 1.8 23 45
600 17.8 0 1.8 18 46
700 17.6 0 2.1 40 48
800 17.9 0.16 2.2 30 47
900 23.1 0 2.4 40 38
1000 22.2 0 3.8 20 27
1100 24.1 0 5.2 145 25
1200 26.2 0 4 220 25
1300 28.1 0 3.6 255 25
1400 29.7 0 3.6 310 25
1500 30.2 0 5.5 340 25
1600 29.1 0 5.8 335 26
1700 28.4 0 6.2 330 26
1800 27.8 0.33 5 305 34
1900 26.3 0 3.8 308 37
2000 24.2 0 2 280 38
2100 23.7 0 1.6 290 39
2200 22.8 0 1.4 295 40
2300 21.6 0 0.5 340 41
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2400 20.8 0 2.2 345 41
Average – Total – Average – Average – 23.32oC 0.49mm 3.0375 m/s 36.41 %
3.4.2 Secondary Data Collected from IMD Table Secondary data was also collected from nearest IMD station and climatological table 1961- 1990. Significant parameters are summarized in Table 3.9
Table-3.9 Climatological Data Station: IMD, Porbandar (1961-1990) Month Temperature Relative humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Cloud oktas (°C) Max Min 8:30 Hrs 17:30 Hr Monthly Total 8:30Hr 17:30Hr January 28.8 13.9 60 42 0.9 1.0 0.9 February 30.0 15.4 65 46 1.7 1.0 0.7 March 32.4 19.0 70 51 2.3 1.3 0.9 April 33.2 22.3 77 60 0.2 1.7 1.1 May 33.0 25.8 78 70 1.7 2.1 1.5 June 32.6 27.6 80 75 140.7 4.0 4.1 July 31.0 26.7 83 79 222.4 6.0 5.8 August 30.0 25.7 85 80 140.4 6.1 5.7 September 31.0 24.7 82 73 63.6 3.7 3.4 October 34.2 22.2 74 55 20.3 1.3 1.5 November 33.4 19.1 60 47 15.8 1.1 1.3 December 30.4 15.7 57 43 1.5 1.0 1.1
3.4.3 Wind Pattern Wind plays a significant role in pollutant dispersion. Wind speed and wind direction of the can be represented simultaneously with the help of a special diagram called Windrose. The wind rose is a very useful way of summarizing meteorological data. It is particularly useful for showing how wind speed and wind direction conditions vary over a certain period of time. Wind rose for the current project has been shown in Figure 3.7(a).
Wind directions (Blowing From) have been divided into 12 sectors at an interval of 30 degree. Different wind speeds (m/s) are represented according to the colour scale in the bottom of the figure. Grey circles represent percentage frequency counts of different wind sectors. From the wind rose it can be clearly observed that north-east is the predominant wind direction as shown in Figure 3.7(b).Statistics shows that average wind speed of the study period (1 Dec 2018 to 29 Feb 2019) was 3.75 m/s and frequency count of calm wind was 4.8 %. In order to find out the detailed fractional contribution of different wind speeds in each direction (i.e. 12 Sectors) a separate normalized Windrose has been plotted, as shown in Figure 3.7(a). Normalization is done in such a way that cumulative sum of different wind classes of any
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particular wind sector is always 1. Normalized Windrose shows that higher wind speed classes are associated with NE and SE directions however we have seen in Figure 3.7(a) that percentage frequency count of SE direction is very low as compared to NE direction hence wind blowing from NE will be most dominant.
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Figure 3.7(a): Normalized Wind Rose showing fractional contribution of different wind speed in different sectors.
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Figure 3.7 (b): Wind Rose showing pre dominant wind direction North East to South West for December 2018- February 2019
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3.4.4 Temperature: Temperature is one the most important parameter in meteorology as it play a significant role in atmospheric stability. Daily averaged temperature of the project location during winter season has been shown in Figure 3.8(a). From figure it can be observed that daily average temperature varies from 289 to 298 kelvin. As mining operation will be done in day time, so it becomes very important to study the diurnal pattern of temperature. Considering this fact detailed statistical analysis of diurnal variation in temperature has done and results are presented in the form of box-whisker plot in Figure 3.8(b). Mean values at different hours are represented by black lines in the red boxes. Bottom of the red box represents 25 percentile and the top is 75 percentile. Whiskers shows 95 % confidence interval. From figure it is clear that temperature during day hour are than night hours. Higher temperature during day time are favourable for dispersion and hence it will be good to carry out air modelling.
Figure 3.8 (a) Showing Daily Average Temperature (December 2018-February 2019)
Figure 3.8(b) Showing Diurnal Variation in Temperature (December 2018-February 2019)
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3.4.5 Relative Humidity Humidity is defined as the moisture contained in the atmosphere. Humidity was measured on hourly basis and it can be observed that the value ranges from 25 %to 48 %. It is also observed that the value of humidity between 10 am to 5 pm ranges between 24 to 27 per cent. The graph of humidity increases as we approach towards the late evening and onward night, wherein the variation records the low value as 34 per cent and highest value is recorded as 48 per cent.
Figure 3.9 (a) Showing Daily/ Average Relative Humidity (December 2018-February 2019)
Figure 3.9 (b) Showing Diurnal Variation in Relative Humidity (December 2018- February 2019)
3.4.6 Ambient Air Quality The study area represents rural environment and occurrence of established industries like Saurashtra Cement and several lease of limestone. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to assess the ambient air quality of the mining lease area.
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3.4.6.1 Selection Criteria for Monitoring Location Ambient air quality monitoring stations for Expansion of Aniali Rana bordi Limestone Mining Project was selected on the basis of nearest anticipated receptors with reference to the predominant wind direction. As per ToR condition, one sample location was selected within 500 meter of mine lease in the predominant downwind direction. One location was selected in upwind direction and one station on downwind direction. Four locations record the air data at crosswind directions.
Monitoring has been carried out by using calibrated instruments for five ambient air quality parameters PM10,PM2.5, NO2, CO and SO2. Instrument was operated 3 meter above ground surface to ignore any fugitive temporary emissions. Monitoring has been carried out as per standard operating procedure.
Respirable dust sampler (make Envirotech) was used for particulate matter sampling by using fibre filter of Whatman. Sulphur dioxide was sampled by scrubbing in Tetrachloromerchurate solution (IS 5182 (Part 2)). Nitrogen oxides were measured by bubbling oxides of nitrogen in sodium hydroxide and sodium arsenate mixture (IS 5182 (Part 6)). Locations marked on high imagery satellite are presented in Figure 3.10.
The winter season (December 2018 –February 2019) was selected for ambient air quality study. The baseline values of the air pollutants of concern statistical parameters like minimum, maximum, average and 98th percentiles for all 07 locations have been computed from the observed field data are also given in Table-3.11.These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial, residential and rural zone. One monitoring location is situated in the upwind direction, one in the downwind direction.
Table-3.10 Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations Station Monitoring Distance Direction Reason for site Longitude Latitude Code Locations from from selection mine mine (Predominant NE to lease lease SW) (Km) AAQ1 Near Mine 0.45 NE Within 500 m in the 69° 49' 21° 42' Site predominant 44.930" E 33.318" N downwind direction AAQ2 Daulatgarh 1.73 NE Upwind direction 69° 50' 21° 42' village 44.877" E 53.876" N AAQ3 Bhod 3.47 SW Downwind direction 69° 47' 21° 40' village 59.116" E 36.183" N AAQ4 Aniali 2.32 SE Crosswind direction 69° 51' 21° 41' village 2.900" E 38.502" N AAQ5 Bordi 2.45 N Crosswind direction 69° 49' 21° 43' village 5.697" E 45.344" N AAQ6 Vadwala 5.07 S Crosswind Direction. 69° 50' 21° 39' village 14.401" E 20.307" N AAQ7 Valotra 5.86 SE Crosswind Direction. 69° 53' 21° 41' village 3.393" E 37.227" N
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Figure 3.10: Air Monitoring Location Map
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Table-3.11 Ambient Air Quality Results (At AAQ1, Near Mine Site)
PM2.5,µg/m3 PM10,µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 , NO2 ,µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Date GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt-23 IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 /03 10 03.12.2018 39.8 88.3 11.9 20.6 835 06.12.2018 40.8 87.6 11.8 21.7 824 10.12.2018 41.3 88.2 12.7 20.9 839 13.12.2018 40.5 87.3 12.1 21.3 824 17.12.2018 42.7 89.1 12.5 20.8 832 20.12.2018 43.9 89.7 13.7 22.7 878 24.12.2018 42 87.8 13.1 22.2 807 27.12.2018 43.8 90.5 13.9 22.9 813 01.01.2019 42.6 90.1 12.8 21.7 825 04.01.2019 41.8 89.7 11.6 21.1 845 08.01.2019 42.3 90.3 12.7 22.0 832 11.01.2019 39.7 87.8 12.4 21.2 817 15.01.2019 43.2 91.3 13.8 22.3 845 18.01.2019 42.8 88.4 12.6 21.6 829 22.01.2019 42.5 89.6 12.1 20.9 833 25.01.2019 41.8 90.8 11.9 20.3 835 01.02.2019 42.6 90.1 12.4 20.8 846 05.02.2019 42.7 89.2 12.1 21.5 877 08.02.2019 41.2 88.7 11.8 22.1 838 12.02.2019 41.7 89.3 11.9 21.8 832 15.02.2019 42 90.4 12.3 22.3 847 19.02.2019 43.7 91.8 12.9 22.8 868 22.02.2019 42.5 90.6 12.5 21.8 857 26.02.2019 41.6 89.7 11.8 21.6 851 Min 39.7 87.3 11.6 20.3 807.0 Max 43.9 91.8 13.9 22.9 878.0 Average 41.8 89.6 12.8 21.6 842.5 98th %le 43.9 91.6 13.9 22.9 877.5 Location AAQ2, Dualatgadh village
PM2.5,µg/m3 PM10,µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 , NO2 ,µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Date GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt-23 IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 /03 10 04.12.2018 33.2 71.2 10.2 14.8 710 07.12.2018 34.5 72.3 10.4 15.4 675 11.12.2018 32.9 72.9 10.1 16.5 685
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14.12.2018 32.7 71.1 9.9 15.3 705 18.12.2018 36.9 74.2 10.8 16.2 678 21.12.2018 37.8 77.9 11.5 13.5 755 25.12.2018 32.6 76.8 11.2 14.9 730 28.12.2018 35.2 77.1 11.7 15.4 718 02.01.2019 34.7 78.2 12.6 14.9 671 05.01.2019 33.6 76.2 10.7 14.6 665 09.01.2019 34.2 75.8 10.1 13.8 695 12.01.2019 34.8 75.1 9.9 14.4 655 16.01.2019 33.2 74.6 10.7 15.1 645 19.01.2019 35.5 76.2 10.5 14.9 678 23.01.2019 35.9 73.1 11.3 16.7 644 26.01.2019 37.1 74.2 11.1 15.9 640 02.02.2019 34.8 73.1 10.8 13.9 676 06.02.2019 37.4 77 10.3 14.3 646 09.02.2019 36.8 76.1 11.7 13.8 678 13.02.2019 36.1 75.9 11.4 14.3 645 16.02.2019 36.9 75.8 12.2 15.2 678 20.02.2019 37.1 74.2 11.9 14.9 656 26.02.2019 37.3 74.8 11.6 16.9 675 27.02.2019 35.1 76.3 10.8 16.1 731 Min 32.6 71.1 9.9 13.5 640.0 Max 37.8 78.2 12.6 16.9 755.0 Average 35.2 74.7 11.3 15.2 697.5 98th %le 37.6 78.1 12.4 16.8 744.0 Location AAQ3 Bhod village
PM2.5,µg/m3 PM10,µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 , NO2 ,µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Date GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt-23 IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 /03 10 05.12.2018 31.9 73.1 11.6 13.9 610 08.12.2018 31.7 73.4 11.1 13.4 608 12.12.2018 31.0 72.7 10.1 12.5 640 15.12.2018 30.6 71.9 10.5 12.7 628 19.12.2018 30.8 72.7 10.2 12.3 605 22.12.2018 30.1 72.3 10 12.1 678 26.12.2018 30.7 73.4 10.3 12.5 710 29.12.2018 30.9 70.7 9.9 11.7 685 03.01.2019 30.1 70.1 10.2 12.9 705 07.01.2019 29.9 69.9 9.8 11.8 715
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10.01.2019 30.1 70.2 10.1 12.6 665 14.01.2019 31.5 72.6 9.7 11.9 649 17.01.2019 30.2 72.1 9.9 12.2 640 21.01.2019 31.6 73.3 10.8 12.8 633 24.01.2019 30.3 72.6 10.1 11.9 644 24.01.2019 30.2 70.7 9.7 11.5 625 28.01.2019 30.1 70.1 10.2 12.6 635 04.02.2019 30.2 70.2 10.5 11.7 620 07.02.2019 31 73.3 10.7 11.5 670 11.02.2019 30.6 73.1 10.9 13.5 645 14.02.2019 30.2 72.8 10.4 12.3 645 18.02.2019 30.3 72.6 10.1 12.7 628 21.02.2019 31.4 72.9 11.3 13.2 665 25.02.2019 30.8 73.1 11.5 13.8 670 Min 29.9 69.9 9.7 11.5 605.0 Max 31.9 73.4 11.6 13.9 715.0 Average 30.9 71.7 10.7 12.7 660.0 98th %le 31.8 73.4 11.6 13.9 712.7 Location AAQ4, Aniali village
PM2.5,µg/m3 PM10,µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 , NO2 ,µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Date GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt-23 IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 /03 10 03.12.2018 36.9 75.2 11.1 18.7 716 06.12.2018 36.5 73.8 10.8 17.7 728 10.12.2018 34.8 79.3 11.3 18.1 707 13.12.2018 36.4 76.4 10.9 17.9 703 17.12.2018 35.7 78.3 10.6 17.1 745 20.12.2018 37.6 74.5 10.9 16.2 719 24.12.2018 35.8 80.5 11.5 16.8 734 27.12.2018 34.1 76.3 10.1 17.3 744 01.01.2019 33.5 73.4 10.5 18.1 756 04.01.2019 35.9 79.3 10.2 17.6 709 08.01.2019 37.7 81.4 12.9 17.2 718 11.01.2019 34.6 75.4 10.2 16.6 733 15.01.2019 35.7 76.6 10.4 16.2 739 18.01.2019 36.5 72.6 10.7 17.8 741 22.01.2019 37.4 72.7 10.1 17.3 729 25.01.2019 35.2 74.5 10.5 16.7 731 01.02.2019 33.4 73.8 10.6 15.3 743
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05.02.2019 35.3 79.3 10.3 17.8 752 08.02.2019 33.9 76.4 10.9 18.1 717 12.02.2019 34.3 78.3 10.2 16.6 719 15.02.2019 33.7 74.5 11.1 17.2 708 19.02.2019 36.6 80.5 10.9 16.9 749 22.02.2019 37.2 76.3 10.1 18.2 726 26.02.2019 34.9 74.5 11.7 16.1 731 Min 33.4 72.6 10.1 15.3 703.0 Max 37.7 81.4 12.9 18.7 756.0 Average 35.6 77.0 11.5 17.0 729.5 98th %le 37.7 81.0 12.3 18.5 754.2 Location AAQ5, Bordi village
PM2.5,µg/m3 PM10,µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 , NO2 ,µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Date GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt-23 IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 /03 10 04.12.2018 33.2 71.6 10.1 11.9 719 07.12.2018 33.8 72.5 9.9 12.3 729 11.12.2018 32.5 72.9 10.4 15.3 736 14.12.2018 31.7 73.1 10.2 13.4 741 18.12.2018 32.8 74.6 10.8 14.5 747 21.12.2018 33.9 77.7 11.3 14.9 743 25.12.2018 32.2 76.9 11.1 15.2 690 28.12.2018 31.9 75.9 10.6 17.6 689 02.01.2019 33.5 72.3 9.8 16.7 677 05.01.2019 30.9 69.7 9.9 17.9 669 09.01.2019 30.7 70.3 10.2 14.5 661 12.01.2019 31.2 73.6 10.4 12.6 655 16.01.2019 31.8 72.7 9.9 14.8 679 19.01.2019 33.7 73.8 10.1 13.6 645 23.01.2019 31.4 74.2 10.2 17.5 650 26.01.2019 33.1 72.5 9.8 16.7 644 02.02.2019 32.4 74.8 10.8 14.9 641 06.02.2019 31.8 73.6 9.9 15.1 655 09.02.2019 33.8 75.5 11.1 15.3 670 13.02.2019 31.7 72.9 10.5 14.5 667 16.02.2019 30.8 74.8 9.8 16.1 690 20.02.2019 31.8 75.2 11.1 14.2 641 26.02.2019 31.2 68.8 11.8 17.1 678 27.02.2019 30.1 71.3 10.2 18.1 654
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Min 30.1 68.8 9.8 11.9 641.0 Max 33.9 77.7 11.8 18.1 747.0 Average 32.0 73.3 10.8 15.0 694.0 98th %le 33.9 77.3 11.6 18.0 745.2 Location at AAQ6, Vadwala village
PM2.5,µg/m3 PM10,µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 , NO2 ,µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Date GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt-23 IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 /03 10 05.12.2018 35.1 75.2 9.9 16.1 655 08.12.2018 35.8 75.7 10.6 16.7 638 12.12.2018 35.2 74.6 10.7 15.6 645 15.12.2018 34.5 69.8 9.6 14.5 650 19.12.2018 32.1 73.8 9.5 13.8 644 22.12.2018 32.8 69.1 9.7 13.1 641 26.12.2018 33.7 69.5 9.8 12.8 655 29.12.2018 34.1 69.2 9.7 14.2 680 03.01.2019 34.2 71.6 9.6 13.9 699 07.01.2019 35.6 70.4 9.9 13.1 701 10.01.2019 33.7 70.1 10.2 14.3 727 14.01.2019 35.8 72.6 10.7 14.5 731 17.01.2019 34.2 73.8 10.3 14.2 677 21.01.2019 34.8 76.8 11.6 15.4 669 24.01.2019 33.5 75.8 11.8 15.1 690 24.01.2019 34.7 74.3 10.7 14.8 712 28.01.2019 33.9 70.2 10.8 16.9 695 04.02.2019 32.6 72.1 9.6 15.2 675 07.02.2019 35.2 75.2 11.3 17.0 670 11.02.2019 35.6 73.2 10.9 16.6 645 14.02.2019 33.8 73.7 11.9 17.5 635 18.02.2019 33.2 75.5 10.9 16.4 716 21.02.2019 34.7 74.6 11.7 17.1 655 25.02.2019 32.8 73.2 11.1 16.8 670 Min 32.1 69.1 9.5 12.8 635.0 Max 35.8 76.8 11.9 17.5 731.0 Average 34.0 73.0 10.7 15.2 683.0 98th %le 35.8 76.3 11.9 17.3 729.2 Location AAQ7, Valotra village PM ,µg/m3 PM ,µg/m3 SO µg/m3 NO µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Date 2.5 10 2 , 2 , GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR IS:5182:Pt-23 IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-
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/03 10 03.12.2018 33.2 74.1 9.8 13.9 643 06.12.2018 32.8 75.3 9.6 13.2 635 10.12.2018 32.5 72.7 9.9 13.4 641 13.12.2018 31.7 71.9 9.4 12.5 623 17.12.2018 31.4 71.2 10.2 14.8 665 20.12.2018 32.9 72.6 10.7 15.1 656 24.12.2018 34.8 73.8 11.2 15.8 658 27.12.2018 35.1 74.6 9.6 13.0 689 01.01.2019 34.9 74.5 10.3 14.5 695 04.01.2019 34.2 73.4 9.7 13.1 675 08.01.2019 34.8 74.8 10.1 13.8 670 11.01.2019 34.1 74.6 10.3 14.1 676 15.01.2019 33.7 75.1 11.1 15.1 715 18.01.2019 32.9 73.9 10.7 14.7 709 22.01.2019 32.5 73.2 10.6 14.5 710 25.01.2019 32.1 72.8 10.2 14.1 703 01.02.2019 31.3 70.7 9.7 13.2 698 05.02.2019 30.7 68.9 9.6 13.1 681 08.02.2019 31.9 69.7 9.8 13.5 691 12.02.2019 32.3 70.2 10.1 14.9 718 15.02.2019 32.9 70.8 10.3 15.1 721 19.02.2019 34.9 72.9 11.1 15.5 731 22.02.2019 35.3 73.2 11.3 15.8 746 26.02.2019 34.8 72.8 10.9 15.3 735 Min 30.7 68.9 9.4 12.5 623.0 Max 35.3 75.3 11.3 15.8 746.0 Average 33.0 72.1 10.4 14.2 684.5 98th %le 35.2 75.2 11.3 15.8 740.9 NAAQ Standards, 60 100 80 80 4000 EPA,1986 IS 5182 (Part IS 5182 (Part IS 5182 (Part IS 5182 (Part GEL/LAB/SOP/AIR Protocol 23): 2006, RA 2): 2001, RA 6): 2006, RA 10): 1999, /03 2017 2017 2017 RA 2014
3.4.6.2 Baseline Scenario Based on the statistical analysis graphical representation has been done for all the parameters at each location. All the measured parameters were found below the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB New Delhi).
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a) Suspended Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
70.0 PM 2.5 60.0
r 50.0 43.9 e t e 37.6 37.7 m 40.0 33.9 35.8 35.2 c
i 31.8 Min b
u 30.0 c Max r e p 20.0 98th Percentile m a
r NAAQS
g 10.0 o r c i 0.0 m AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7
Ambient Air Quality Locations
Figure 3.11(a): Graph showing PM2.5 result
Suspended particulate matter in general terms is the particulate matter in suspension remains in ambient air. PM2.5 refers to particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns. These are usually called fine particles and contain secondary aerosols, combustion particles and re-condensed organic metallic vapour, and acid components. Fine particles can reach all the way down to the alveoli in the lungs.
The minimum and maximum level of PM2.5 recorded within the study area was in the range of 29.9 µg/m3 to 43.9 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 31.8 µg/m3 to 43.9 µg/m3.
The 24 hourly average values of PM2.5 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and found that all sampling stations recorded in the study area are within the 3 applicable limits i.e., 60 µg/m for PM2.5 in rural areas.
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b) Suspended Particulate Matter ( PM10)
120.0 PM 10 r e
t 100.0 91.6 e
m 81.0 78.1 c 77.3 76.3 i 80.0 73.4 75.2 b u c Min r
e 60.0 p Max m a r 40.0 98th Percentile g o r
c NAAQS i 20.0 m
0.0 AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 Ambient Air Quality Locations
Figure 3.11(b): Graph showing PM10 result
PM10 refers to particles with a diameter less than 10 microns. These are commonly called coarse particles - they contain dust from roads and industries as well as particles formed under combustion. Depending on their size, coarse particles can lodge in the trachea (upper throat) or in the bronchi.
The minimum and maximum level of PM10 recorded within the study area was in the range of 68.8 to 91.8 µg/m3with the 98th percentile ranging between 73.4 µg/m3 to 91.6 µg/m3.The 24 hourly average values of PM10 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and found that all sampling stations recorded in the study area are within the applicable limits i.e., 100 µg/m3 for PM10 in rural areas.
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c) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
90.0 r SOx e t 80.0 e
m 70.0 c i b
u 60.0 c
r Min
e 50.0 p 40.0 Max m a r
g 30.0 98th Percentile o r
c 20.0 13.9 i 12.4 11.6 12.3 11.6 11.9 11.3 NAAQS m 10.0 0.0 AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 Ambient Air Quality Locations
Figure 3.11(c): Graph showing SO2 result
Sulphur dioxide gas is an inorganic gaseous pollutant. Sulphur dioxide emissions are expected to be emitted wherever combustion of any fuel containing Sulphur takes place. The Sulphur present in the fuel will combine with oxygen and form Sulphur dioxide. The following sources of Sulphur dioxide in the study area are identified: Emissions from domestic/consumption of fuel (coal, diesel, etc) Sulphur dioxide in atmosphere is significant because of its toxicity; Sulphur dioxide is capable of causing illness and lung injury. Further it can combine with water in the air to form toxic acid aerosols that can corrode metal surfaces, fabrics and the leaves of plants. Sulphur dioxide is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory system. Excessive exposure to Sulphur dioxide causes breathing related diseases as it affects the lungs. 3 The minimum concentration of SO2 recorded within the study area was 9.4 to 11.6µg/m ,the 3 maximum concentration of SO2 recorded within the study area was 11.3 to 13.9 µg/m ,with the 98th percentile ranging between 11.3 µg/m3 to 13.9 µg/m3.
The 24 hourly average values of SO2 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/m3 for rural areas.
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d) Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2)
90.0
r NOx e t 80.0 e
m 70.0 c i b
u 60.0 c
r Min
e 50.0 p 40.0 Max m a r
g 30.0 22.9 98th Percentile
o 18.5 18.0 r 16.8 17.3 15.8 c 20.0 13.9
i NAAQS
m 10.0 0.0 AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 Ambient Air Quality Locations
Figure 3.11(d): Graph showing NO2 result
The important sources of oxides of Nitrogen are from utilities and auto exhaust due to vehicular movement in mine lease area. The following sources of oxides of nitrogen in the study area are identified.
Emissions from vehicular movements in the study area Oxides of Nitrogen in the presence of sunlight will undergo reactions with a number of organic compounds to produce all the effects associated with photochemical smog. NO2 has inherent ability to produce deleterious effects by themselves like toxicity. It causes asphyxiation when its concentration is great enough to reduce the normal oxygen supply from the air.
The minimum and maximum level of NO2 recorded within the study area was in the range of 11.5µg/m3to 22.9 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 13.9µg/m3 to 22.9µg/m3.
The 24-hourly average values of NO2 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/m3 for rural areas.
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e) Carbon Monoxide (CO)
CO r
e 1000 t e 900 m c i 800 878 b u c 700 744 754 745 r 713 729 741 e 600 p
m 500
a Min r
g 400 o
r Max
c 300 i
m 200 98th Percentile 100 0 AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 Ambient Air Quality Locations Figure 3.11(e): Graph showing CO result
Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly dense than air. It is toxic to haemoglobic animals when encountered in concentrations above 35ppm. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone.
The minimum and maximum level of CO recorded within the study area was in the range of 605 µg/m3 to 878µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 713 µg/m3 to 878 µg/m3.
The 1 hourly average values of CO were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 4000 µg/m3 for rural areas.
3.4.6.3 Mineralogical composition of PM10 Filter paper of PM10 sampler was used to mineralogical study from project site of Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining. Whatman filter paper was used for mineralogical composition as per EPA method. Composition of PM10 along with free silica presented in below Table 3.12.
Table 3.12 Mineralogical composition of PM10 (μg/m3) Location Ca Mg Na K Cl Pb Fe Silica Project site 1.20 0.22 0.40 0.41 1.3 0.03 0.45 0.10
Mineralogical composition for free silica and other minerals was analysed and this was found that free silica is present at concentration of 0.10 µg/m3 in PM10.
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3.5 Noise Environment Noise can be defined as an unpleasant and unwanted sound. Noise is a physical form of pollution and is not directly harmful to the life supporting systems namely air, soil and water. Noise pollution is the result of modern industrialized urban life and congestion due to over population.
3.5.1 Noise Level in the Study Area The baseline noise levels have been monitored at 09 locations within the study zone. Locations were identified for assessment of existing noise level status, keeping in view the land use pattern, industrial area, silence zone, residential areas in villages etc., if available within 10 km radius of the study area.
Sound was measured in dB (A) at all the receptors. Baseline noise quality monitoring was carried out with calibrated Sound Level Meter (make Envirotech) instrument as per CPCB procedure.
24 hourly noise monitoring was conducted at all locations and divided in two parts. One is day time from 6 am to 10 pm and second is night time from 10 pm to 6 am as per CPCB guidelines to compare the baseline from the prescribed standards.
3.5.2 Sources of Noise The main sources of noise in the study area were domestic activities, industrial activities and vehicular traffic movement. The main occupation of the villagers in the study area is agriculture.
The noise monitoring stations are shown in Figure 3.12 and detailed out in Table 3.13. Results are presented in Table 3.14.
Table 3.13 Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area Station Monitoring Category Distance Direction Longitude Latitude Code Locations from from mine mine lease lease (Km)
NQ1 Near Mine Commerc 0.5 NE 69° 49' 44.930"E 21° 42' Site ial 33.318" N NQ2 Valotra Residenti 5.86 SE 69° 53' 3.393" E 21° 41' al 37.227" N NQ3 Aniali Residenti 2.32 SE 69° 51' 2.900" E 21° 41' al 38.502" N NQ4 Vadvala Commerc 5.07 S 69° 50' 14.401"E 21° 39' ial 20.307" N NQ5 Near Barda Silence 4.25 NW 69° 49' 44.930"E 21° 42' WLS 33.318" N
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NQ6 Jam Commerc 4.74 N 69° 50' 2.802" E 21° 44' Sakhpur ial 54.886" N Railway Station NQ7 Khirsara Residenti 4.57 E 69° 52' 18.667"E 21° 43' 9.335" al N NQ8 Near Silence 0.45 NW 69° 49' 10.173" E 21° 42' Naliadhar 26.364" N RF NQ9 Kondorna Commerc 8.16 SE 69° 53' 0.586" E 21° 38' ial 46.658" N
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Figure 3.12: Noise Quality Location Map
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Table 3.14 Hourly Leq Noise Level in the Study Area S. Locations Equivalent Noise Level, dB (A) No. Limit (as per CPCB Observed value Guidelines),Leq, Leq, dB(A) dB(A) DAY* NIGHT** DAY* NIGHT** 1 Near Mine Site Commercial 65 55 58.9 44.3 2 Valotra Residential 55 45 47.6 35.5 3 Aniali Residential 55 45 48.4 37.6 4 Vadvala Commercial 65 55 53.8 46.5 5 Near Barda WLS Silence 50 40 35.6 29.0 6 Jam Sakhpur Commercial 65 55 61.9 53.8 Railway Station 7 Khirsara Residential 55 45 46.4 38.2 8 Near Naliadhar Silence 50 40 37.3 28.7 RF 9 Kondorna Commercial 65 55 57.5 43.2 *Day values considered from 6 am to 10 pm * Night values considered form 10 pm to 6 am
3.5.3 Ambient Noise Standards Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has notified the noise standards vide gazette notification dated February 14, 2000 for different zones under the Environment Protection Act (1986). These standards are given in Table-3.15
Table 3.15: Ambient Quality Standards in respect of Noise Noise dB (A) L Area Code Category of Area eq Daytime* Night time* A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40
Note: Daytime is from 6.00 am to 10.00 pm and Night time is from 10.00 pm to 6.00 am. Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Vehicle horns, loud speakers and bursting of crackers are usually banned in these zones.
3.5.4 Baseline Scenario The values of noise level observed in some of the areas are primarily owing to vehicular traffic. Assessment of hourly night time Leq (Ln) varies from 29.0 to 53.8 dB (A) and the hourly daytime
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Leq (Ld) varies from 35.6 to 61.9 dB (A) within the study area. The status of noise quality within the 10 km zone of the study area is therefore, within the prescribed standards.
3.6 Soil Characteristics Soil can be defined as upper horizon of soil layers. Soil serves as a natural medium to plant growth. Soil physical and chemical parameter has been analysed at seven locations including near project site. Secondary data of soil has also been collected to know the different soil types present in Gujarat.
Soil types in Gujarat The state is having with a wide range of macro and microclimates, physiography, landforms, geology and vegetation that have an influence on the genesis of soil. Soil systems have developed over many millions of years. The soil characteristics in a given area at a given point of time are a function of both natural influences and human activities. This section deals with the different types of soils found in Gujarat.
A) Black Soil is the most dominant soil type of Gujarat. Three major variations recorded are: i) Shallow black soils: Shallow black soils have been developed from the basaltic trap in Saurashtra and the Deccan trap in extreme eastern part while the remaining strips in Chhotaudepur and Saurashtra districts have been developed from granite and gneiss parent material. The depth of soil ranges from a few cm to 30 cm. (Gujarat State Agricultural Marketing Board (GSAMB) 2007). Shallow black soils are light grey in colour and mainly sandy clay loam in texture. The soil is poor in fertility. ii) Medium black soil: Medium black soils have a basaltic trap parent material. Such soils in some parts of Sabarkantha and Panchmahals have been also developed from the granite and gneiss parent material. These soils vary in depth from 30 to 60 cm. They are calcareous in nature except in the Panchmahals and Sabarkantha districts. A layer of murum (unconsolidated material of decomposed trap and limestone) is found below a depth of about 40 cm, especially in the Saurashtra region (GSAMB 2007). The soils are silt loam to clay in texture and neutral to alkaline in reaction. These soils are adequately supplied with potassium and poorly supplied with phosphorous and nitrogen. iii) Deep black soils: The districts of Bharuch, Surat, Valsad and southern part of Vadodara, and the Bhal region have deep black soils. Similarly, in the Ghed tract of Junagadh districts mostly covering the talukas of Porbandar, Kutiyana, and Manavadar and part of the Mangrol taluka, the deep black soils have been formed due to the deposition of basaltic trap materials transported by the rivers Bhadar, Minsar, Osat Madhuvanti etc. They have faced the problem of salinity and alkalinity. They are also impregnated with a fairly high amount of free lime. The soils are dark brown to very dark greyish brown in colour. They contain 40 to 70 percent clay minerals. The
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deep black soils, in general, are clay-like in texture, poor in drainage, and neutral to alkaline in reaction. These soils are most fertile soil in Black soils.
B) Mixed red and black soils: The mixed red and black soils are shallow in depth with reddish brown colour at higher and greyish brown colour at lower elevations. Texturally, they are clay loam to clay and skeletal in nature, with stony material as high as 50 percent in subsurface layer. This provides an ideal drainage conditions for these soils. The soils are highly calcareous in nature and alkaline in reaction. The soils are low in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, and high in potassium (GSAMB 2007).
C) Laterite soil: True laterites in the real sense of the term don't occur in Gujarat. However, in the Dangs district, which has an abundant forest vegetation and high annual precipitation of about 250 cm, lateritic soils have developed. They support good forests. Clayey in texture they become hard within hours of receiving irrigation and rainfall.
D) Alluvial soils: These soils are very deep. These soils are further divided into alluvial sandy to sandy loam soils, alluvial sandy loam to sandy clay loam, and coastal alluvial soil.
E) Alluvial sandy to sandy loam soils: These soils cover all the northern districts, namely, Banaskantha and Mehsana except the southern part and the area of Sabarkantha bordering the Kheralu and Vijapur talukas of Mehsana district. The original alluvial material in Banaskantha and some parts of the Mehsana district has been overlaid by sandy material brought in by the winds blowing through the desert of Kutch. From a fertility point of view, these soils are low in available nutrients.
F) Alluvial sandy loam to sandy clay loam: Alluvial sandy loam to sandy clay soils are found in the Kheda, Gandhinagar, Ahmadabad and Mehsana district and the western part of the Vadodara district. These soils are the most productive soils in the state and contains fairly good amount of potassium.
G) Coastal alluvial soils: The coastal alluvial soils are sandy clay loam to clay in texture. The fertility of this type of soil is of medium class.
H) Hill soils: This type of soil occurs in the hilly areas and eastern strip of the mainland Gujarat. The soil profile is not well developed due to steep slope and erosion. Soil is shallow in depth formed by under composed rock and poor in fertility. Hill soils have been developed from parent materials existing in the respective areas. Shallow and composed of under composed rock fragments, they are poor in fertility.
I) Desert Soils: Desert soil is generally found in the little and greater desert of Kutch. The soil is deep and light grey in colour with no definite structure. It is sandy to sandy loam with silt clay
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loam in structure. This type of salt has high salt content and sufficient amount of gypsum in the soil profile.
3.6.1 Methodology The composite soil samples were collected from site and the study area and were analysed for characterization. The locations of the monitoring sites are depicted in Figure 3.13 and given in Table 3.16 showing Soil Sample Collection Points marked within the Study Area.
The soil samples were collected in the month of December 2018. Soil samples were collected from 05 locations. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labelled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis. The test results are given inTable-3.17.
Table 3.16: Soil Sample Collection Points Station Monitoring Distance Direction Longitude Latitude Code Locations from mine from lease (Km) mine lease SQ1 Near Mine Site 0.5 NE 69° 49' 44.930" 21° 42' 33.318" E N SQ2 Valotra village 5.86 SE 69° 53' 3.393" E 21° 41' 37.227" N SQ3 Aniali village 2.32 SE 69° 51' 2.900" E 21° 41' 38.502" N SQ4 Vadvala village 5.07 S 69° 50' 14.401" 21° 39' 20.307" E N SQ5 Near Barda 4.25 NW 69° 49' 44.930" 21° 42' 33.318" WLS E N
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Figure 3.13: Soil Quality Location Map
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Table 3.17 Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil SQ1 SQ2 SQ3 SQ4 SQ5 S. Parameters Units Test Method Near Valotra Aniali Vadvala Near No. Mine village village village Barda Site WLS 1 Texture - GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/22 Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Clay Clay Clay Clay Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Sand % 45 42 44 43 60 Silt % 20 22 27 26 23 Clay % 35 36 29 31 17 2 Color - GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/07 Brown Yellowis Yellowis Greyish Yellowis h Brown h Brown Brown h Brown 3 pH (1:2 - IS 2720 (P-26): 1987, 7.3 7.1 7.5 7.6 7.4 Suspension) RA 2011 4 Specific µmhos IS 14767: 2000, RA 598 581 572 567 589 Conductivit /cm 2016 y 5 Moisture % IS 2720(Part-2): 1973, 13.6 14.5 15.8 12.1 14.3 RA 2015 6 Exchangeab mg/kg GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/07 11.2 11.8 12.3 12.1 13.8 le Potassium 7 Exchangeab mg/kg GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/06 31.2 33.6 28.5 25.3 24.1 le Sodium 8 Exchangeab mg/kg GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/08 276 301 289 313 401 le Calcium
9 Exchangeab mg/kg GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/08 76.2 79.5 75.9 78.7 82.4 le Magnesium 10 Porosity % GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/20 18.5 21.6 22.7 20.3 21.2
11 Organic % IS 2720 (P-22) : 1972, 0.51 0.55 0.56 0.61 0.86 Matter RA 2010 12 Phosphorou mg/kg GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 7.8 7.4 7.9 6.9 8.2 s 13 Nitrogen mg/kg GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/09 120 119 126 133 141
14 Chloride mg/kg GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/14 71 68 69 63 74
15 Bulk gm/cc IS 2720 (P-28) : 1974, 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.39 1.4 Density RA 2010
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3.6.2 Results of Analysis of the Soil Physical characteristics of soil were characterized through specific parameters viz bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity and texture. Soil pH plays an important role in the availability of nutrients. Soil microbial activity as well as solubility of metal ions is also dependent on pH. In the study area, variations in the pH of the soil were found to be slightly basic (7.1 to 7.6). Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the soluble salts and ionic activity in the soil. In the collected soil samples the conductivity ranged from 567-598 µmhos/cm. Bulk density of soil sample samples ranged from 1.38-1.42 gm/cc, moisture content was found 12.1-15.8%, organic matter was present in the range of 0.51-0.86 % at all the soil quality monitoring locations.
3.7 Biological Environment Baseline biological environment has been considered for Environment Impact Assessment study because mining of limestone mineral may affect the flora and fauna of the surroundings due to mining activities and its mineral transportation. There are two types of biological environment found in the study area of Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project. One is terrestrial flora and fauna and other is aquatic flora and fauna. Secondary data also has been collected from State Forest Department to know the variability of species of flora and fauna residing in the study area.
As per Terms of References prescribed by the Environmental Impact Assessment Committee of MoEF&CC, separate study of flora and fauna has been conducted for all endangered, endemic and rare, endangered and threatened (RET) species.
Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is present within the study area of the project site. Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is notified as per the final notification published by MOEF & CC with notification no. S.O. 1365(E) dated 28th April, 2017. Due to its presence in the study area, its biological environment is also studied and also incorporated in our EIA report.
3.7.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies The objectives of ecological study are as follows: 1. To characterize the environmental components like land, water, flora and fauna; 2. To understand their present status; 3. To assess present biodiversity; 4. To understand carrying capacity of the ecosystem; 5. To identify susceptible and sensitive areas.
3.7.2 Biogeography and Physiographic of the study area The proposed project is situated near Village Aniali of Tehsil Ranavav and District Porbandar in the State Gujarat. As per the bio-geographical classification by Rodgers and Panwar, 1988 the project area comes under Bio-geographic province (4B) Semi-Arid Gujarat Rajputana region. However, as per Champion & Seth, 1968 vegetation types of the area can be grouped as Dry
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tropical thorn forest. Most of the western part is arid where average rainfall is varying from 600- 800mm. Soil of the area varies from Black soil to gray brown soil. Winter is severe and the summer is harsh, because the Tropic of Cancer passes through the northern borders of Gujarat.
3.7.3 Sampling Methodology of Study Core zone has been considered within mine lease area and buffer zone has been considered outside mine lease area up to 10 km from lease boundary. Study period for ecological study has been considered winter season from December 2018 – January 2019. To know the baseline flora and fauna species composition primary and secondary survey was conducted by Functional Area Expert with Forest Department Officials.
The proposed site is a non-forest government waste land, hence very less species was found in core zone and buffer zone except crop species. Mostly area outside the mine lease is agricultural land. Separate survey was conducted for wild flora fauna and agricultural species. Within study area two types of environment found where species diversity is present.
1. Terrestrial environment
2. Aquatic environment
3.7.4. Terrestrial Environment The project site is a government waste land. The study area comprised of two types of terrestrial environment. One is waste land or small shrubs and other is agricultural land throughout the study area.
3.7.4.1 Core Zone- There is no vegetation within mine lease except some seasonal grasses. General fauna was observed like squirrel and field rat etc. Common local bird species were also found flying above the mine lease as blue rock pigeon, house crow, koel and dove.
3.7.4.2 Buffer zone- There is two types of terrestrial environments were found for flora and fauna. One is waste land and other is agricultural land. The flora and fauna species found in waste land terrestrial environment are presented in Table 3.18 and Table 3.19.
Table 3.18: Flora Species in Buffer Zone
Sr. No. Species Botanical Name Family Tree 1 Bawal (Dashi) Acacia arabica Mimoseae 2 Limdo or Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 3 Arduso Ailanthus excelsa Simarubaceae 4 Vad, Vadio Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 5 Piplo Ficus religiosa Moraceae 6 Saragvo Moringa oleifera Moringaceae
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7 Awal Cassia auriculata L Cassalpiniaceae Herbs and shrub 1 Gando baval vilayati Prosopis juliflora Mimoseae
Table 3.19: Fauna Species in Buffer Zone
Wildlife Protection S. No Local name English name Scientific name Act 1972 Schedule Mammals 1 Jarakh Hyena Hyaena hyaena III 2 Shiyal Jackal Canis aureus II 3 Lamad Fox Vulpus bengalensis II 4 Jungli Biladi Jungle cat Felis chaus II 5 Noliyo Mongoose Herpestes edwarsi IV Funambulus 6 Khiskoli Squirrel IV palmarum 7 Ghorkhodiyu Indian Ratel Molivora capensis I 8 Sasaja Hare Lepus ruficaudatus IV Boselaphus 9 Nil Gai Blue Bull III tragacamelus 10 Jungle Suwar Wild boar Sus scrofa III 11 Bhediya Wolf Canis Lupus I 12. Tendua Leopard Panthera pardus I 13 Chhipkali Pangolin Manis Cassicaudata I Reptiles Common 1 Gho or patla gho indian Varranus bengalensis I monitor lizard Chandan Gho or Spiny Tailed Uromastyx 2 II Sandho Lizard hardwickil Common 3 Kakido Calotes versocolor II garden lizard Indian Champaceion 4 Kakido II Chameleon Zylanicus Common 5 Sapni Mashi Mabuya carinata II Skink Fan Throated 6 Kakido Sitana Ponticereana II Lizard
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Checkered Xenochrophis 7 Dedu II Keelback piscator 8 Dhaman Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus II 9 Cobra Elapidai Naja naja (linn.) II Birds Indian 1 Peacock Pavo Cristatus I Peafowl
The floral species found in agricultural environment are presented in this section.
The buffer zone of the study area is majorly agricultural land. The buffer zone contains the agricultural, non-cultivated land, Fodara reservoir, Khambada reservoir, Bileshwari nadi, Minsar nadi, Dhangya Nadi, Naliadhar Reserve forest, Jambhuda Reserve forest, Khageshri Reserve Forest and Barda Wildlife Sanctuary.
Based on primary and secondary survey a total of 32 crop species were reported in the study area of Expansion of Aniali Rana bordi Limestone mine lease area and based on their use value they have been grouped into four categories. Among the species list, 8 species fall under grain crops, 10 species fruit crops, 11 vegetable crops and 3 commercial crops of the study area. Within the grain crops, Bajra, Juwar, Makai and Arenda were cultivated extensively. Though, 10 fruit yielding species were reported, they grown in small extent of areas along the agricultural hedges and mainly for local use and marketing. Three commercial crops are cultivated extensively for major income of the local agriculturalists (Table 3.20.)
Table 3.20: List of crop species in the study area S. Botanical Name Family Local Name Habit No. Grain crops 1 Pennisetum typhoides A. Rich. Poaceae Bajri, Bajaro Herb 2 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Poaceae Jawar, Baru Grass 3 Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Fabaceae Tuver Herb 4 Triticumaes tibvum L. Poaceae Wheat, Grass Gahu 5 Vigna radiate (L.)wilczek.Var. radiate Fabaceae Udad Herb 6 Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Arando, Shrub Divel 7 Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdcourt Fabaceae Mung, Math Herb 8 Zea mays L. Poaceae Makai Grass Fruit crops 1 Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Sitafal Small
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Tree 2 Annona reticulate L. Annonaceae Ramphal Small Tree 3 Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Jamphal Tree 4 Citrus aurantifolia (Chr.) Swingle Rutaceae Kag Ji Small Limbu Tree 5 Limonia elephantum (Correa) Rutaceae Kotha Tree Panigrahi 6 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Rutaceae Limbu Shrub 7 Musa paradisiacal L. Musaceae Kela, Kelu Small Tree 8 Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Dadam Small Tree 9 Phyllantus embelica Euphorbiaceae Amala Small tree 10 Morus alba L. Moraceae Shetur Tree Vegetable Crops 1 Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Malvaceae Bhinda, Under Bhindo Shrub 2 Capsicum annuum L. var acuminatum Solanaceae Marchi Herb Fingerh. 3 Cucumis sativus L. Cucurbitaceae Kakadi Climber 4 Lageneria leucantha (Duch.) Rusby. Cucurbitaceae Dudhi Herb 5 Cicer arietinum L. Fabaceae Chana Herb 6 Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Karela Climber 7 Allium sativum vineale Liliaceae Lasun Herb 8 Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Mitho Tree Saragvo 9 Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. Solanaceae Tamata, Herb 10 Solanum melongena L. Solanaceae Ringana, Under Shrub 11 Daucus carota L. var.sativa Apiaceae Gajar Under Shrub Cash/Commercial crops 1 Saccharum officinarum L. Poaceae Sherdi, Grass 2 Gossypium herbaceum auct. Non Malvaceae Kapas, Desi Shrub L. var. acerifolium (Guill. & Perr.) Kapas Chevalier 3 Arachis hypogea L. Fabaceae Magphali Herb
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3.7.5 Aquatic Environment There is no aquatic environment present in core zone of project area. Within study area of 10 km radius from mine lease boundary, the aquatic environments which is present in the study area are- Fodara reservoir, Khambada reservoir area, Bileshwari nadi, Minsar nadi and Dhangya Nadi,
Khambhada reservoir
The Khambhada reservoir is naturally formed in the interior of the Barda hills. It is about 12km. North-West of Ranavav. The surrounding natural scenery on account of forest and the Barda hills attractsmany avifaunas as well as it’s a tourist spot.
Fodara Reservoir
Fodara Reservoir mainly known for its migratory birds. Various bird species found flying within study area of project site (in total 20 species). The water fowl species are found within Fodara Reservoir. The Bird species present in Fodara Reservoir are given in the table below, (Source: https://ebird.org/india/hotspot).
Table 3.21: List of Avifauna found within study area S.No Species Scientific name Waterfowl 1 Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos 2 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 3 Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha 4 Green-winged Teal Anas crecca Cranes 5 Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo Shorebirds 6 Great Thick-knee Esacus recurvirostris 7 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers 8 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 9 River Tern Sterna aurantia Storks 10 Black Stork Ciconia nigra 11 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala Cormorants and Anhingas 12 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster
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13 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger Herons, Ibis, and Allies 14 Gray Heron Ardea cinerea 15 Great Egret Ardea alba 16 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 17 Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa 18 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia Vultures, Hawks, and Allies 19 Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Indian Sarus Local name is Sarus. There are two species of the migratory cranes viz. common crane (kunj) and demoiselle crane (Karkara). Indian sarus is an endangered species has a global population of about 8000-10000 birds, all in India. There are about 1400 to 1600 sarus in Gujarat. Over 80% of Sarus population of Gujarat found in Ahmedabad, Anand and Kheda districts.
Indian Spot-billed Duck, also known as Spot-billed Duck, is a resident in India. The Spotbill Duck is classified in to three subspecies – the Indian Spot-billed Duck, Eastern Spot-billed Duck and Burmese Spot-billed Duck. The name comes from the red spots at the base of their yellow- tipped black bills, which the females of the species lack. These ducks are “dabbling ducks” meaning that they do not dive for their meals but instead stick their heads underwater with their tails in the air to forage.
Painted Stork is a large wading bird in the stork family. Painted Storks are predominately non- migratory and most make only local movements. It is found in the Asian continent, covering the area from India and Sri Lanka to Southeast Asia. Their distinctive pink tertian feathers are what give them their name. They are voiceless and the only sounds they make are weak moans or those produced by their bills clattering. The Painted Stork is classified as Near Threatened and unfortunately is close to qualify for threatened category in the near future.
Herons and Egrets are the group of birds is most commonly found in Gujarat wet land. Most of these are resident birds.
Osprey It is a pure fish eating migratory raptor of Gujarat. It is fairly common and usually found throughout the waterbodies. It is one of those birds with single species in the family & genus.
3.7.6 Rare, endangered and threatened species (RET) of the Study Area Important endemic and RET species have been assessed in this EIA study from primary and secondary survey from forest department. To verify scheduled species all the species available in Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project, data was checked with updated Red data book published by Botanical survey of India. Information of scheduled species within study area has
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also been collected from office of state forest department and respected divisional forest offices. No such Rare, endangered and threatened species (RET) are present in the core zone of the study area.
3.7.7 Ecologically Sensitive Areas From the mine lease boundary, Nadliyadhar Reserve forest is present at approx. 0.010km in South West direction, Khageshri reserve forest is at approx. 7.85km in East direction and Jambhuda reserve forest is present at 2.88km in North direction. Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is also present at a distance of 4.02 km in North West direction from the working mine lease. The sanctuary is endowed with rich floral and faunal species. Amongst the mammal’s Ratel, Leopard and Wolf are threatened. Amongst the reptiles found here, Crocodile and Chameleon are rare and endangered. Of the four common venomous snakes, three are found here. The avifaunal species also displays high diversity. At least two species of birds, which were found in the Sanctuary, are rare/ endangered, to name a few: Spotted Eagle and Crested Hawk-Eagle. Apart from this, the Sanctuary exhibits great variety of invertebrate species including variety of butterflies.
3.7.8 Biological Environment of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 3.7.8.0 General Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is present within the study area of the project site. It is also popularly known as Rana Barda and Jam Barda. Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is notified as per the final notification published by MOEF & CC with notification no. S.O. 1365(E) dated 28th April, 2017. Due to its presence in the study area, its biological environment is studied and incorporated in the EIA report.
3.7.8.1 Location of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary The Barda Wildlife Sanctuary located in Porbandar, Jamnagar and Devbhoomi Dwarka Districts in the State of Gujarat and lying between latitudes 21o 40'N and 210 55'N and longitudes between 690 40'E and 690 55'E is spread over an area of 192.31 square kilometres.
3.7.8.2 Physiography The Sanctuary is distributed in two districts i.e. Porbandar and Jamnagar. The hilly terrain with patches of flat plains at places, the crisscrossing of numerous rivulets and streams and existing dams impart a divine look to the forest. The Sanctuary hardly has 192.31 sq. km area, but has one of the most diverse floral compositions and therefore a potential source of remedies of many ailments, and therefore deserves to be safeguarded. The terrain of Barda is almost hilly and undulating with an altitude ranging from 79.2 m to 617.8 m. above sea level. At places, there are gentle slopes with exposed rocks. The two main ephemeral rivers are Bileshwary and Joghri. Khambala and Fodara are important dams in the Sanctuary.
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3.7.8.3 Forest type of this sanctuary The forest sub-types found in the Sanctuary are: Type: 5A-Southern tropical forests (5A/C3- Southern dry mixed deciduous forests; 5D/S3-Euphorbia scrub; 5/DS1 -Dry deciduous scrub; 5/E3-A. nilotica; 5/E9-Dry bamboo brakes in small areas; 5/E1-Anogeissu scrub) and Type 6B- Northern tropical thorn forest (6B/DS1-Zizyphus scrub; 6/E2-Acacia Senegal). Having canopy density ranging between 0.1 and 0.4, with dense forest in scattered patches near Kileshwar (Jambarda), the area is largely degraded. As per the remote sensing study carried out by the GEER Foundation, 16.3% of the area was under dense forest, 29.9% under open forest and the rest was under degraded forest. Although the forest cover has increased from 24.6% in 1986 to 46.2% in 1997, a large area is still under degraded category. (Source:https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/barda-sanctuary.htm)
3.7.8.4 Floral species in the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary The Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the richest and compact bio-diversity patches covered on all sides by good quality dry deciduous miscellaneous forests, dry thorn forest, shrub lands and wetland forests along with bamboo patches dotted in between and it maintains rich bio-diversity comprising 759 species of 430 genera of tree, herbs, shrubs and climber species. There are main flora's in the sanctuary Sitaphal (Annona squamosa), Umda (Miliusa tomentosa), Ashok (Polyalthia longifolia), Venivel (Cissampelos pareira linn), Vevdi, Vadhi (Cocculus hirsutus), Orap, Parwat (Cocculus pendulus), Karipat (Cyclea peltata), Galo vel (Tinospora glabra), Poyanu, kama (Nymphaea pubescens), Darudi (Argemone mexicana lonn), Halim, Ashal (Lepidium sativum linn), Khordu (Cadaba fruticosa), Ghuti,Thikar (Capparis grandis linn.), Kantharo (Cpparis sepiaria linn.), Tanmani (Cleome gynandra.), Bethi Talvan (Cleome simplicfolia), Pili Talvan (Cleome viscosa linn.), Varno,Vayvar (Crateva tapia), Dolo Katkiya (Maerua oblongifolia), Lodri (Lflacourtia indica), Pili Bhoysan (Polygala chinensis linn.). (Source: Final notification published by MOEF & CC with notification no. S.O. 1365(E) dated 28th April, 2017)
3.7.8.5 Medicinal Plants found in the sanctuary In the Barda Hills and its surrounding the local inhabitants have been using the indigenous plant species in a crude form or as syrup. Around 466 plant species present in the sanctuary have medicinal properties, out of which 92 plants are used as astringent, 69 species as febrifuge, 68 species as tonic, 57 species for dysentery, 56 species to treat skin diseases, 55 species for diuretic, 51 species for rheumatism and 50 species used as purgative, also represented in table below. These plants are presently receiving an enormous amount of attention.
Table-3.22 The proportional availability of the Medicinal, Timber Forest Products (TFP) and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) of the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary. Sr. No Bio-resoures No. of % of State of Species Species Availability
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1 Medicinal 466 53.4 Very Good Timber Forest Products 2 Timber 35 4.0 Poor Non-Timber Forest Product 3 Fuel wood 23 2.6 Poor 4 Paper & Pulp 3 0.3 Exiguous 5 Fodder 98 11.2 Good 6 Fibers 34 3.9 Poor 7 Fruits 28 3.2 Poor 8 Beverages 7 0.8 Very Good 9 Narcotics 8 0.9 Poor 10 Omamental 42 4.8 Good 11 Cereals & Millets 12 1.4 Fair 12 Condiments/Spices 6 0.7 Fair 13 Pulses 8 0.9 Fair 14 Dyes 8 0.9 Fair 15 Gums 13 1.5 Poor 16 Tannins 12 1.4 Poor 17 Resins 5 0.6 Poor 18 Oils 28 3.2 Fair 19 Vegetables 37 3.2 Fair (Source: Ecological and Socio- Economic Study of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat Ecological and Research GEER Foundation, Gandhinagar, Gujarat Forest Department, Gandhinagar)
3.7.8.6 Faunal species present in the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary Barda Wildlife Sanctuary has varied habitats like thorn forest, dry deciduous scrubs, riverine forest, mixed dry thorn vegetation, rocky area, wetlands as well as flatlands. Habitat structure and food availability are ultimate factors, which affect the population and abundance of the fauna. Isolation of forest and degradation has results into negative impacts on the wildlife. As a result, some of the large mammals like Lion, Chinkara, Sambar, Spotted Deer and other species are now exterminated from Barda. Except some species left have very low population. The table shown below gives a broad view of the fauna which are present in the sanctuary.
Table 3.23: List of mammals with their Schedule in the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary Sr No English name Scientific name Sighting in the Wildlife Sanctuary Protection Act 1972 Schedule 1 Nilgai Boselaphus Abundant II
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tragocamelus 2 Wild boar Sus scrofa Abundant III 3 Small Indian Viverricula indica Rare II Civet 4 Common Herpestes edwarsi Abundant IV Mongoose 5 Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena Common III 6 Wolf Canis Lupus Rare I 7 Jackal Canis aureus Abundant II 8 Indian Fox Rare II 9 Ratel Molivora capensis Rare I 10 Leopard Panthera pardus Uncommon I 11 Jungle Cat Felis chaus II 12 Indian Hare Lepus ruficaudatus Abundant IV 13 Five striped Funambulus Abundant IV Palm squirrel pennantii 14 Porcupine Hystrix indica Common IV 15 Spiny Field Mus platythrix Common Mouse 16 House Rat Rattus Rattus Abundant V 17 Pangolin Manis Cassicaudata I 18 Grey Musk Suncus murinus Uncommon Shrew 19 Pale Hedgehog Paraechinus micropus Rare IV 20 Indian Flying Pteropus giganteus Common Fox 21 Common Presbytis entellus Rare II Languar
Table-3.24 No. of Family and Species of Butterflies
Sr. No Family No. of Genus No. of Species % of Species 1 Danaidae 1 3 5.367 2 Satyridea 2 2 3.57 3 Nymphalidea 9 13 23.21 4 Lycaenidae 11 14 25.00 5 Papilionidea 3 4 7.14
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6 Pieridea 8 16 28.57 7 Hesperiidea 4 4 7.14 Total 38 56 100.00
Table-3.25 List of Spiders from Barda Wildlife Sanctuary showing their status
Sr. No Family Name of the species Status I Filistatidea Pritha sp. Sahastata sp. C II Oecobiidea Occobious putus C III Dictynidea Dictyna sp. C IV Eresidea Spegodyplius CCUC srarsinorunS.SocialisS.pacificus V Uloboridea Uloborius khasiensis C VI Pholcidea Pholcus phallangiodes Crossopriza layoni CCUC VII Thendiidea Argyrodes dipaliA. Sp. CCUC VIII Araneidea Argeope anasuja Neoscona mukerjeiN. CCCCCUCUCUC pavidaN. theisN. rumfiN. ellipticaN. CCCUCUCRCUC nauticaN. Sp. Cyclosa insulanaC. MoonduensisC. Sp. Cyrtophora citricola Laiania chlorisPoltys sp. Nov. Zygilla indicaZ. Sp. IX Tetragnathide Tertagnatha mendibulataT. Sp. CC a X Harsiliidea Harsilia savignyi C XI Pisauridea Pisaura sp. UC XII Clubionidea Clubiona sp. Cheiracanthium saraswatii CC XIII Gnaphosidea Gnaphosa sp. Phaeocedus sp. Drassodes CUCC XIV Thomisidea Thomisus projectusT. ShivajiensisT. Sp. UCRCR Bomis sp. nov. XV Selenopidea Selenops sp. UC XVI Heteropodide Heteropoda bhaikakai C a XVII Oxyopidea Oxyopes wroughtoniO. Sp. CC XVIII Lycosidea Hippasa pisaurinaPordosa birmanicaP. CCCCUCUCCC SumatranaP. AnnandaleiP. PusiolaP. CUCC timidaP. Sp.P. sp. Evippas sp. E. sp. Lycosa sp. L. sp.
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XIX Salticidea Plexypus payakuliP. Sp. Phidippus sp. CCUCUC Marpissa sp. Salticus sp.
Table-3.26 List of Amphibians recorded at Barda Wildlife Sanctuary
Name of species Sr. No (Common & Scientific) Family:Bufonidea 1 Common Asia toad (Bufo melanostictus) 2 Marbled toad (Bufo stomaticus) Family:Microhylidea
3 Omate narrow-mouthed frog (Microhylaomata) Family:Bufonidea Indian skipping frog 4 (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) 5 Indian bull frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) 6 Cricket frog (Limnonectes limnocharis) 7 Unidentified frog (Limnonectes sp.) Family:Rhacophoridea 8 Indian tree frog (Polypedates sp.)
Table-3.27 List of Snakes found in Barda Wildlife Sanctuary
Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name Habits IUCN Category Typhlopidea 1 Brahminy worm snake Ramphotyphlops Fossorial LR-nt braminus 2 Beaked worm snake Rhinotyphlops acutus Boidea 3 Common sand boa Erix conicus Fossorial LR-nt 4 Red sand boa Erix johnii Fossorial LR-lc Colubridea 5 Indian trinket snake Elaphe helena Terrestrial LR-nt 6 Common bronze-back Dendrelaphis tristis tree snake
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7 Common wolf snake Lycodon aulicus Terrestrial LR-nt 8 Western rat snake Ptyas mucosus Arboreal LR-nt 9 Chekered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator Aquatic LR-nt water snake 10 Dumerils black-headed Sibynophis subpunctatus snake Elapidea 11 Spectacled cobra Naja naja Terrestrial LR-nt Viperidea 12 Indian saw-scaled viper Echis carinatus Terrestrial LR-nt 13 Russell's viper Daboia russelii Terrestrial LR-nt Abbreviation: VU: Vulnerable; LR-nt: Lower Risk-near threatened; LR-lc: Lower Risk- least concern
Table-3.28 Density of Birds in Barda Wildlife Sanctuary
Density/km2 Sr. No Common Name Monsoon Summer Winter 1 2 3 4 5 PHALACROCORACIDEA 1 Little Corinorant 3 4.29 ARDEIDEA 2 Pond Heron 7 4.29 3 Cattle Egret 11 2.86 4 Median Egret 1.43 ACCIPITRIDEA 5 Crested Hawk-Eagle 1.43 6 Spotted Eagle 1.43 7 Crested Serpent Eagle 2.86 PHASIANIDEA 8 Grey Patridge 5 14.29 13 9 Jungle Bush Quail 1 10 Common Peafowl 12 11.43 11 TURNICIDEA 11 Little Bustard-Quail 1.43 12 Common Bustard-Quial 6 2.86 2 RALLIDEA 13 White-breasted Waterhen 1.43
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CHARADRIDEA 14 Red-wattled Lapwing 8 2.86 4 15 Yellow-wattled Lapwing 5 1.43 1 16 Marsh Sandpiper 1.43 17 Common Sandpiper 1 4.29 18 Temminck's Stint 2.86 PTEROCLIDIDEA 19 Painted Sandgrouse 2 4.29 2 COLUMBIDEA 20 Blue Rock Pigeon 2 1.43 1 21 Ring Dove 3 4.29 4 22 Red Turtle Dove 1 1 23 Spotted Dove 6 1.43 1 24 Little Brown Dove 14 4.29 7 PSITTACIDEA 25 Rose-ringed Parakeet 7 10 5 CUCULIDEA 26 Pied Crested Cuckoo 10 27 Koel 6 1.43 2 28 Sirkeer Cuckoo 1 29 Crow-Pheasant or Caucal 1 1 STRIGIDEA 30 Spotted Owlet 2 ALCEDINIDEA 31 Pied Kingfisher 2 32 Small Bule Kingfisher 4.29 33 White-breasted Kingfisher 4 1.43 1 MEROPIDEA 34 Small Green Bee-eater 1 1.43 1 CORACIIDEA 35 Roller or Blue Jay 1.43 UPUPIDEA 36 Hoopoe 3 2.86 2 PICIDEA 37 Yelllow-fronted pied Woodpecker 1 1.43 1 PITTIDEA 38 Indian Pitta 1 ALAUDIDEA 39 Red-winged Bush Lark 3 4.29
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40 Black-bellied Finch-Lark 7 7.14 2 41 Short-toed-Lark 4.29 2 42 Crested Lark 2.86 2 43 Sykes's Crested Lark 3 HIRUNDIDEA 44 Dusky Crag Martin 4 45 Swallow 1 46 Red-rumped swallow 3 DANIDEA 47 Grey Shrike 2 48 Bay-backed Shrike 1 2.86 1 49 Red-backed Shrike 1 50 Pale Brown Shrike 2 51 Rufousbacked Shrike 6 1.43 DICRURIDEA 52 Black Drongo 4 1.43 2 STURNIDEA 53 Brahminy Myna 9 1.43 8 54 Rosy Pastor 22 55 Common Myna 2 4.29 8 CORVIDEA 56 Treepie 5 10 3 57 House Crow 4 2 IRENIDEA 58 Iora 6 10 5 PYCNONOTIDEA 59 Red-vanted Bulbul 115 108.57 69 MUSCICAPIDEA 60 Common Babbler 14 8.57 3 61 Striated Babbler 2 8.57 3 62 Jungle Babbler 40 20 32 63 Spotted Flycatcher 4 4.29 64 Tickell's Blue Flycatcher 1 5.71 65 White-browed Fantail Flycatcher 2.86 66 Paradise Flycatcher 12.86 67 Franklin's Wren-Warbler 18 1.43 1 68 Rufous-fronted Wren-Warbler 1 4.29 69 Streaked Wren-Warbler 1.43 70 Plain Wren-Warbler 7 1
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71 Ashy Wren-Warbler 3 10 3 72 Tailobird 1 1.43 1 73 Lesser White-throat 10 74 Magpie-Robin 2.86 3 75 Balck Redstart 12.86 76 Indian Robin 23 45.71 28 PARIDEA 77 Grey Tit 2 2.86 3 MOTACILLIDEA 78 Grey Wagtail 1.43 79 White Wagtail 3 NECTARINIDEA 80 Purple Sunbird 13 2.86 ZOSTEROPIDEA 81 White-eye 11 2.86 2 PLOCEIDEA 82 House Sparrow 2.86 2 83 Yellow-throated sparrow 4.29 1 84 Baya Weaver Bird 15 1.43 1 85 White-throated Munia 14 15.71 9 EMBERIZIDEA 86 Grey-necked Bunting 3 1.43 87 Rock Bunting 9 88 Striolated Bunting 2 4.29 (Source: Ecological and Socio- Economic Study of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat Ecological and Research GEER Foundation, Gandhinagar, Gujarat Forest Department, Gandhinagar)
3.7.8.7 Importance of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary The area supports about 750 'maldhari' families (4000 people) in 68 'nesses'. The agriculture fields and wasteland, where acute water scarcity is experienced during the summer months, surround the forest area. However, this green patch of forest provides ecological security and environmental stability, since it improves the water regime of the area by recharging the ground water and forming catchment for the minor dams in the sanctuary. Located barely at distance of 15 km from the Arabian Sea, the forest is standing as the guard against the salinity ingress in the region. The forest is endowed with very rich floral composition. Kileshwar, a temple and camping site developed by 'Jamsaheb' of Jamnagar, is a beautiful site in the heart of the forest.
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3.8 Socio-Economic Environment Socio Economic is a study to identify, evaluate and determine the potential of socio economics and cultural impacts of a proposed development project on the lives of current or future residents of a community or geographic area. Socio economics study includes the demographic structure of the study area, social group present, livelihood profile of the community, literacy & Illiteracy structure, Occupational structure including total worker, main worker, marginal worker and non- worker, basic amenities like Education facilities, medical facilities etc.
The proposed Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project is located near village Aniali, Tehsil Ranavav, District Porbandar and State Gujarat. The various attributes have been taken into account to conduct socio economic study which includes population composition, employment generation, occupational shift, household income, consumption pattern, ethnic issue and law & order problem.
3.8.1 Objectives The objectives of the socio-economic study are as follows: To study the socio-economic status of the people living in the study area of the proposed mining project. To assess the impact of the project on socio-economic environment in the study area. To assess the impact of the project on Quality of life of the people in the study area. To evaluate the community development measures proposed to be taken up by the project proponent, if any. To recommend Community Development measures needs to be taken up in the study area 3.8.2 Methodology adopted for the study a. The study has been conducted based on primary and secondary data. b. The secondary data has been collected from the administrative records of the Government of Gujarat, Census 2011. c. The primary data is collected through a sample survey of selected villages & town present in the study area. The photographs of the socio economic survey are attached as Annexure XV and the survey forms are attached as Annexure XVI. d. The details regarding population composition, number of literates, workers etc. have been collected from secondary sources and analyzed. Also, village /city/town wise details regarding amenities available in the study area have been collected from secondary sources. e. Based on the above data, impacts due to mining operation on the community have been assessed and recommendations for improvement have been made.
3.8.3 Concepts & Definition (a) Study Area: “Study Area”, also known as “Impact Area” has been defined as the sum total of “Core Area and Buffer Area” within a radius of 10 Kilometres from the periphery of the Core Area. The study area includes all the land marks both natural and manmade, falling therein.
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(b) Household: A group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen are called a household. Persons living in a household may be related or unrelated ora mix ofboth.
(c) Sex Ratio: “Sex Ratio” is the ratio of Females to Males in a given population. It is expressed as 'number of Females per 1000 Males’.
(d) Literates: All persons aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language are taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literate. People who are blind but can read in Braille are also treated as literates.
(e) Literacy Rate: “Literacy Rate” of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the total population aged 7 years and above.
(f) Labor Force: “Labor Force” is the number of people employed and unemployed in a geographical entity. The size of the “Labor Force” is the sum total of persons employed and unemployed. An unemployed person is defined as a person not employed but actively seeking work.
(g) Work: “Work” is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit, it can part time, full time, or unpaid work in a farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work.
(h)Worker: All persons engaged in 'work' are defined as “workers”. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers.
Work participation rate: the percentage of total workers (main and marginal) to total population.
Main Workers: Those workers, who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more in the case of a year), are termed as “Main Workers”.
Marginal Workers: Those workers, who did not work for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months), are termed as “Marginal Workers”.
3.8.4 (a) Description of the District Porbandar forms a part of the erstwhile Kathiawar peninsula located in the western part of Gujarat. The district headquarter is Porbandar. The Porbandar district is situated between the parallels of latitude 21º 20' and 22º 10’ and the meridians of longitude 69º 40’ and 70º 10’. The length from north to south of this territory is about 83.6 km and from east to west about 80.2 km. It is bounded in the north and west by Jamnagar district and in east by Junagadh district and in the
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south by the Arabian Sea. For administrative convenience, the district has been divided into 3 talukas, with total 179 villages and 6 towns. The area covered by this district is 2,316.00 sq. km and density is 253 population per sq.km against the density of the Gujarat is 308 and ranks 23rd in comparison to other districts of the state. Porbandar district is situated in Saurashtra region. (Source: Part-XII-A, Series-25, District Census Handbook, Porbandar, Gujarat, Census of India 2011).
(i) History of Porbandar District Porbandar was known by the name of Paur Velakul in the tenth century. From the day of Gandhi Jayanti, on 2nd October 1997, Government of Gujarat formed Porbandar as a new district from the Junagadh district. Porbandar district has three Talukas, which are Porbandar, Ranavav and Kutiyana. Porbandar is well known throughout India and abroad as the Birthplace of the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. It is mentioned in the Hindu sculptures as Sudamapuri. Every year in the Porbandar district the festival for birth of Lord Krishna, “Janmastami” is celebrated. Porbandar has been on the world map, mainly because it is the birthplace of ‘Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’Besides Sudama Temple, Porbandar is also famous for potteries, cement factories, mills and of course, its sea-shore. (Source: Part-XII-A, Series-25, District Census Handbook, Porbandar, Gujarat, Census of India 2011). (ii) Cropping Pattern Being agriculture oriented district, large portion of population is engaged in agriculture and animal rearing. Most of clayey to clayey loam soil predominant in the district is derived from basalt, lime stone and alluvium material. In Kutiyana taluka, clay to clay loam type soil is found while in Ranavav taluka sandy clay to sandy clay loam type of soils are also found in some parts of taluka. Medium black type and medium red type of soil is present in some of the part of district. The main crops in the district is wheat, cereals, bajra, gram, pulses, jowar, sesame and maize. (Source: Part-XII-A, Series-25, District Census Handbook, Porbandar, Gujarat, Census of India 2011).
(iii) Fisheries The fisheries sector has played an important role in the national economy through food supply, employment generation and income. The major part of Porbandar district is located on the coastal area of Arabian Sea. This coastal area is blessing for the small fishermen. Fish is also exported. The main fishes are cear, dhol hilcia, ribban, crukar and rok ked. This coastal way is more useful for fishing activity. There is long sea coast from Mayan to Madhupur on Arabian Sea and rich qualities of species. Hence fisheries and fish based industries like manufacturing fishing nets is there. Fishing industry is a prominent activity in Porbandar with Silver Sea Foods emerging as one of the major sea food processing companies in the district. Fish processing industry is a major sector in Porbandar. Processed fishes from Porbandar are exported to Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Dubai and other parts of the world. (Source: Part-XII-A, Series-25, District Census Handbook, Porbandar, Gujarat, Census of India 2011).
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3.8.4 (b) Description of the Study Area 3.8.4.1 Core Zone: -There is no human settlement in the core zone of the Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine.
3.8.4.2 Buffer Zone: - Area within 10km radius of the “Project Site” is considered as the “Study Area”. The study area of 10 Km radius area is spread over 28 villages and 2 towns (namely: Amardal and Ranavav) falling in three sub-districts namely Ranavav, Kutiyana of District Porbandar and Jamjhodpur in District Jamnagar as per census 2011. List of villages along with the sub-district is given in Table 3.30:
Table 3.29: Details of the State Gujarat, District Porbandar and Study area S.N PARTICULAR DETAILS OF DETAILS STUDY O. STATE OF AREA GUJARAT DISTRIC DETAILS T PORBAN DAR 1. Area (in sq.km) 1,96,024 2316 458.5127 2. No. of households 12,248,428 124117 22828 3. Density(sq.km) 308 253 234.53 4. Total Population 60,439,692 585449 107537 5. Male Population 31,491,260 300209 54848 6. Female Population 28,948,432 285240 52689 7. Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males) 919 950 961 8. Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 77,77,262 65926 13327 9. Male child population (0-6 Age) 4,115,384 34648 6903 10. Female child population (0-6 Age) 3,661,878 31278 6324 11. Child Sex Ratio (Girls per 1000 Boys) 890 902 916 12. Schedule Caste Population 89,17,174 51830 10196 13. Schedule Tribe Population 4,074,447 13039 4631 14. Literate Population 41,093,358 393678 67531 15. Male Literates 23,474,873 221621 38375 16. Female Literates 1,76,18,485 172057 29156
Table 3.30: Total Geographical Area (in Hectares) of the Study Area S.No. Name Sub-district Total Geographical Area (in Hectares) 1 Amar Kutiyana 1451.67 2 Amardal Ranavav 504
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3 Aniali Ranavav 1358.79 4 Ashiyapat Ranavav 1113.94 5 Bapodar Ranavav 1757.32 6 Bhod Ranavav 2218.68 7 Bileshwar Ranavav 522 8 Bordi Ranavav 1211.47 9 Daiyar Ranavav 627.2 10 Devda Kutiyana 3005.85 11 Dolatgadh Ranavav 419.98 12 Hanumangadh Ranavav 548.02 13 Jarera Nes Ranavav 5 14 Kandorna-Rana Ranavav 2702.83 15 Khambhala Ranavav 1300 16 Khijdad Ranavav 635.14 17 Khirsara Ranavav 1427.48 18 Mokar Ranavav 7537.8 19 Ramgadh Ranavav 806.58 20 Ramnagar Kutiyana 1421.33 21 Ranavav Ranavav 7966 22 Sukhpur Jamjodhpur 1459.98 23 Tarsai Jamjodhpur 2246.92 24 Vadwala-Rana Ranavav 2652.74 25 Valotra Ranavav 943.5
Villages Present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 26 Dhoria Nes Ranavav 1 27 Kharavira Khunano Nes Ranavav 0.25 28 Kharavira Nes Ranavav 3 29 Morivirda Nes Ranavav 0.8 30 Shermlanki Khunano Nes Ranavav 2 Total 45851.27
3.8.5. Demographic Profile of the study area based on 2011 Census data The proposed project’s study area covers 28 Villages & 2 Towns of Porbandar & Jamnagar District in Gujarat State. Out of these 28 villages, 5 villages are present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary. Study has been undertaken with respect to demography, occupational pattern, literacy
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rate and other important socio-economic indicators of these villages/town to reveal the socio- economic structure of the entire project area.
The salient features of the study area include: 1. Total population of study area is 107537. The percentages of male & female population are 51.00 % & 49.00 % respectively 2. Total household in the study area are 22828 with a family size of 4.71. 3. Total number of literates in the study area is 67531 (71.68%). 4. Sex ratio (number of Females per thousand Male) ofthe studyarea is 961 which shows that male population is higher in the studyarea as compared with the female population. 5. Out of the total population Scheduled Caste population in the study area is 10196 (9.48%) and Scheduled Tribe population is 4631 (4.30%). 6. The child population (0-6 years) in the study area is 13327 (12.39%) in which 6903 (6.41%) is the child male population and 6324 (5.88%) which is child female population. The child sex ratio in the study area is 916.
3.8.5.1 Population of the study area Total population of study area is 107537. The percentages of male & female population are 51.00 % & 49.00 % respectively. Sex ratio (number of Females per thousand Male) ofthe study area is 961 which shows that male population is higher in the study area as compared with the female population. Breakup of the population for male and female is given in the following consisting of gender-wise details of population as per census data 2011.
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY AREA 120000
100000 107537
80000
60000 54848 52689 40000
20000
0 TOTAL POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION Figure 3.14: Graph Showing Demographic Structure of the Study Area
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GENDERSTRUCTUREOFTHESTUDYAREA
Male Population Female population
49% 51%
Figure 3.15: Pie Chart Showing Gender Structure of the Study Area
3.8.5.2 Social Structure (a) The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 10196 (9.48%) of the total population with 5273 (4.90%) Male and 4923 (4.58%) are female.
Schedule Caste Structure of the Study Area
10%
Total Population Total Schedule Caste Population
90%
Figure 3.16: Pie chart showing Schedule Caste Structure of the Study Area
(b) The Schedule Tribe (ST) population within the Study Area is 4631 (4.30%) of the total population with 2369 (2.20%) Male and 2262 (2.10%) Female. Detailed status of social structure is given below in Table 3.31.
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Schedule Tribe Structure of the Study Area
4%
Total Population Total Schedule Tribe Population
96%
Figure 3.17: Pie Chart showing Schedule Tribe structure of the Study area
3.8.5.3 Literacy The total number of literates within the study area is approximately 67531 which are 71.68% of total population. Male literacy rate of the study area is 80.04% and female literacy rate is 62.88%. Detailed status of literacy is given below in Table 3.31.
3.8.5.4 Illiteracy The total number of illiterates within the study area is approximately 40006 which are 37.20% of total population. Male Illiteracy rate of the study area is 30.03% and female Illiteracy rate is 44.66 %. Detailed status of Illiteracy is given below in Table 3.31.
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Table 3.31: Demographic Structure of the Study Area Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Child Male Female Child Sched Total Househ Total Sex SC SC S.N Total Male Female populati child child Sex ule NAME House old populat Ratio Male Female o population populati on (0-6 populat populat Ratio Caste holds Size ion popula populat on years) ion (0-6 ion (0-6 popula tion ion years) years) tion 1 Amar 463 4.58 2122 1093 1029 941 240 129 111 860 160 86 74 2 Amardal 1263 4.65 5872 3014 2858 948 671 345 326 945 1265 653 612 3 Aniali 373 4.75 1771 916 855 933 218 117 101 863 240 131 109 4 Ashiyapat 96 4.46 428 218 210 963 64 22 42 1909 36 17 19 5 Bapodar 387 4.54 1757 856 901 1053 240 114 126 1105 60 27 33 6 Bhod 947 4.79 4540 2260 2280 1009 654 299 355 1187 384 195 189 7 Bileshwar 364 4.80 1748 911 837 919 200 101 99 980 141 70 71 8 Bordi 431 4.59 1979 990 989 999 334 179 155 866 63 30 33 9 Daiyar 266 4.83 1285 657 628 956 152 80 72 900 127 65 62 10 Devda 773 4.94 3821 1980 1841 930 484 254 230 906 340 177 163 11 Dolatgadh 327 5.21 1703 847 856 1011 274 140 134 957 32 14 18 Hanumanga 12 326 4.53 1476 732 744 1016 167 91 76 835 0 0 0 dh 13 Jarera Nes 101 4.16 420 228 192 842 38 25 13 520 0 0 0 Kandorna- 14 1850 4.70 8690 4453 4237 951 976 527 449 852 432 217 215 Rana 15 Khambhala 270 5.33 1438 747 691 925 217 131 86 656 60 33 27 16 Khijdad 311 5.09 1584 800 784 980 191 96 95 990 173 93 80 17 Khirsara 571 4.09 2335 1172 1163 992 254 146 108 740 324 163 161 18 Mokar 820 3.93 3224 1556 1668 1072 358 187 171 914 419 212 207 19 Ramgadh 300 4.98 1494 763 731 958 236 141 95 674 5 3 2 20 Ramnagar 301 5.20 1564 821 743 905 171 97 74 763 97 53 44 21 Ranavav 9635 4.78 46018 23550 22468 954 5682 2870 2712 945 4792 2509 2283 22 Sukhpur 383 4.34 1663 829 834 1006 185 100 85 850 78 36 42 23 Tarsai 1026 4.53 4644 2371 2273 959 543 283 260 919 226 111 115
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Vadwala- 24 784 4.60 3608 1848 1760 952 463 255 208 816 447 223 224 Rana 25 Valotra 393 5.09 2001 1050 951 906 253 141 112 794 295 155 140 Villages Present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 26 Dhoria Nes 6 5.67 34 21 13 619 12 8 4 500 0 0 0 Kharavira 27 Khunano 8 4.88 39 22 17 773 3 1 2 2000 0 0 0 Nes Kharavira 28 20 5.45 109 53 56 1057 18 10 8 800 0 0 0 Nes Morivirda 29 5 5.40 27 15 12 800 6 1 5 5000 0 0 0 Nes Shermlanki 30 Khunano 28 5.11 143 75 68 907 23 13 10 769 0 0 0 Nes TOTAL 22828 4.71 107537 54848 52689 961 13327 6903 6324 916 10196 5273 4923
Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Schedule ST Total ST Total Male Female Literacy Female Illiterate Illiterate S.No NAME Tribe Male Female Literacy Illiteracy populatio Literacy populati Male populatio popula population population Male n population on population n tion population 1 Amar 0 0 0 1227 708 519 895 385 510 2 Amardal 214 102 112 3876 2294 1582 1996 720 1276 3 Aniali 434 221 213 1138 661 477 633 255 378 4 Ashiyapat 119 51 68 213 129 84 215 89 126 5 Bapodar 137 68 69 1025 576 449 732 280 452 6 Bhod 116 57 59 2372 1369 1003 2168 891 1277 7 Bileshwar 297 158 139 991 580 411 757 331 426 8 Bordi 465 249 216 1144 648 496 835 342 493 9 Daiyar 118 56 62 818 463 355 467 194 273 10 Devda 4 3 1 2469 1450 1019 1352 530 822 11 Dolatgadh 55 33 22 936 524 412 767 323 444 12 Hanumangadh 154 79 75 856 488 368 620 244 376
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13 Jarera Nes 46 26 20 41 25 16 379 203 176 14 Kandorna-Rana 678 345 333 5727 3263 2464 2963 1190 1773 15 Khambhala 157 83 74 784 451 333 654 296 358 16 Khijdad 3 1 2 1068 610 458 516 190 326 17 Khirsara 126 62 64 1555 854 701 780 318 462 18 Mokar 0 0 0 2120 1150 970 1104 406 698 19 Ramgadh 447 218 229 866 488 378 628 275 353 20 Ramnagar 6 3 3 959 573 386 605 248 357 21 Ranavav 772 405 367 29946 16894 13052 16072 6656 9416 22 Sukhpur 32 17 15 1061 565 496 602 264 338 23 Tarsai 48 29 19 2930 1656 1274 1714 715 999 24 Vadwala-Rana 55 28 27 2142 1226 916 1466 622 844 25 Valotra 0 0 0 1244 716 528 757 334 423 Villages Present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 26 Dhoria Nes 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 21 13 Kharavira 27 39 22 17 0 0 0 39 22 17 Khunano Nes 28 Kharavira Nes 109 53 56 0 0 0 109 53 56 29 Morivirda Nes 0 0 0 3 0 3 24 15 9 Shermlanki 30 0 0 0 20 14 6 123 61 62 Khunano Nes Total 4631 2369 2262 67531 38375 29156 40006 16473 23533 (Source: As per Census Data, 2011)
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3.8.6. Occupational structure “Occupational Structure” of the population in the ‘Study Area’ has been studied with reference to the total workers and non-workers. Further total workers grouped into two categories “main workers” and “marginal workers”. Main workers and marginal worker have been grouped into four categories namely: Cultivators, Agricultural Labourers, Household Workers and Other Workers.
3.8.6.1 Total workers Work” is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit; such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. The number of total workers in the study area is approximately 43717 (40.65%). Out of which 29.42% is male and 11.22% is female.
Total workers further divided into main workers and marginal workers: -
(i) Main workers The workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as “Main Workers”. Total number of main workers in the Study Area is approximately 38117 persons, which is 87.19% of total workers and 35.44% of total population.
(ii) Marginal Workers Marginal Workers are those workers, who are engaged in some work for a period of less than six months, during the reference year prior to the census survey. Total number of marginal workers in the Study Area is approximately 5600 persons which is 12.80 % of the total workers and 5.20% of total population.
3.8.6.1.1 Cultivators: A person is classified as ‘Cultivators’ if he or she is engaged in cultivation of land own or from government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. A person working on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or combination of both is not treated as “Cultivator”. Total Cultivators in the “Study Area” is approximately 11072 persons which is 25.32% of total working population and 10.29% of total population.
3.8.6.1.2 Agricultural Laborers Persons working on the land of others for wages and employment, or person who do not have their own land to do agricultural practices (also known as 'Landless Labour') or have share in the yield are all classified under as Agricultural laborers. Total workers of this category in the “Study Area” are approximately 14458 persons which are 33.07% of total working population and 13.44% of total population.
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3.8.6.1.3 Household Industry Laborers Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The main criterion of a Household industry even in urban areas is the participation of one or more members of a household. Total Household Industry Laborers of this category in the “Study Area” is approximately 275 persons which are 0.62% of total working population and 0.25% of total population
3.8.6.1.4 Other Workers All workers except “Cultivators” or “Agricultural labour” or “Household Industry” Workers are Other Workers. Total other workers of this category in the “Study Area” is approximately 17912 persons which are 40.97% of total working population and 16.65% of total population
3.8.6.2 Non workers The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars etc. The total number of non-workers population is approximately 63820 which is 59.34% of the total population. Out of which 21.57% is male and 37.77% is female. The percent distribution of Occupational pattern within the study area is given in Table 3.32.
Table 3.32: Occupational Pattern of the Study area
Number of Workers in the Study Area
S.No. Particulars MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE WORKER FEMALE WORKER % % 1 Total Workers 43717 31647 72.39 12070 27.61 2 Non-Workers 63820 23201 36.35 40619 63.65 3 Main Workers 38117 29978 78.65 8139 21.35 4 Marginal Workers 5600 1669 29.80 3931 70.20 Cultivators (Main 5 11072 8201 74.07 2871 25.93 +Marginal) Agricultural Labour 6 14458 8267 57.18 6191 42.82 (Main +Marginal) Household Industry 7 275 200 72.73 75 27.27 (Main +Marginal) Other workers (Main 8 17912 14979 83.63 2933 16.37 +Marginal) (Source: As Per Census Data, 2011)
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Occupational Structure of the Study Area 70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0 Agricultur Household Other Cultivator al Labour Industry workers Total Non- Main Marginal s (Main (Main (Main (Main Workers Workers Workers Workers +Marginal +Marginal +Marginal +Marginal ) ) ) ) TOTAL 43717 63820 38117 5600 11072 14458 275 17912 MALE 31647 23201 29978 1669 8201 8267 200 14979 FEMALE 12070 40619 8139 3931 2871 6191 75 2933
Figure 3.18: Occupational Pattern in the Study area
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Table 3.33: Occupation Structure of villages and Town in the Study Area
S.N Total worker Non worker Main worker Marginal worker NAME o Total Male Female Total Total Male Female Total Total Male Female Total 1 Amar 932 708 224 1190 385 805 929 707 222 3 1 2 2 Amardal 2311 1693 618 3561 1321 2240 1806 1514 292 505 179 326 3 Aniali 768 535 233 1003 381 622 550 498 52 218 37 181 4 Ashiyapat 237 133 104 191 85 106 58 56 2 179 77 102 5 Bapodar 704 516 188 1053 340 713 700 514 186 4 2 2 6 Bhod 1859 1232 627 2681 1028 1653 1347 1147 200 512 85 427 7 Bileshwar 759 540 219 989 371 618 538 399 139 221 141 80 8 Bordi 808 567 241 1171 423 748 747 558 189 61 9 52 9 Daiyar 506 418 88 779 239 540 465 413 52 41 5 36 10 Devda 1585 1062 523 2236 918 1318 1574 1057 517 11 5 6 11 Dolatgadh 885 514 371 818 333 485 610 482 128 275 32 243 Hanumanga 12 493 419 74 983 313 670 342 311 31 151 108 43 dh 13 Jarera Nes 261 141 120 159 87 72 253 134 119 8 7 1 Kandorna- 14 3854 2613 1241 4836 1840 2996 3385 2494 891 469 119 350 Rana 15 Khambhala 748 431 317 690 316 374 416 393 23 332 38 294 16 Khijdad 532 502 30 1052 298 754 507 486 21 25 16 9 17 Khirsara 1046 685 361 1289 487 802 788 648 140 258 37 221 18 Mokar 1225 843 382 1999 713 1286 1036 822 214 189 21 168 19 Ramgadh 621 459 162 873 304 569 449 398 51 172 61 111 20 Ramnagar 492 475 17 1072 346 726 487 470 17 5 5 0 21 Ranavav 17175 13351 3824 28843 10199 18644 16103 12794 3309 1072 557 515 22 Sukhpur 712 503 209 951 326 625 698 496 202 14 7 7 23 Tarsai 2169 1451 718 2475 920 1555 2117 1436 681 52 15 37 Vadwala- 24 1578 1080 498 2030 768 1262 1443 1049 394 135 31 104 Rana 25 Valotra 1224 651 573 777 399 378 600 582 18 624 69 555
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Villages Present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 26 Dhoria Nes 16 8 8 18 13 5 15 7 8 1 1 0 Kharavira 27 Khunano 31 18 13 8 4 4 18 18 0 13 0 13 Nes Kharavira 28 85 42 43 24 11 13 42 42 0 43 0 43 Nes Morivirda 29 11 7 4 16 8 8 11 7 4 0 0 0 Nes Shermlanki 30 Khunano 90 50 40 53 25 28 83 46 37 7 4 3 Nes TOTAL 43717 31647 12070 63820 23201 40619 38117 29978 8139 5600 1669 3931
(MAIN WORKER+MARGINAL WORKER) Cultivators Agriculture Household Industry Others workers S.No NAME laborers Total Male Female Total Total Male Female Total Total Male Female Total 1 Amar 443 372 71 376 241 135 0 0 0 113 95 18 2 Amardal 189 139 50 912 484 428 28 18 10 1182 1052 130 3 Aniali 436 273 163 219 161 58 0 0 0 113 101 12 4 Ashiyapat 58 56 2 91 49 42 1 0 1 87 28 59 5 Bapodar 570 439 131 113 62 51 0 0 0 21 15 6 6 Bhod 746 468 278 432 282 150 1 0 1 680 482 198 7 Bileshwar 149 111 38 472 308 164 0 0 0 138 121 17 8 Bordi 286 216 70 304 161 143 0 0 0 218 190 28 9 Daiyar 264 241 23 165 106 59 1 1 0 76 70 6 10 Devda 390 298 92 1007 616 391 7 6 1 181 142 39 11 Dolatgadh 360 216 144 322 167 155 0 0 0 203 131 72 Hanumanga 12 256 241 15 145 103 42 31 24 7 61 51 10 dh
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13 Jarera Nes 5 2 3 10 5 5 0 0 0 246 134 112 Kandorna- 14 1078 699 379 1639 934 705 62 40 22 1075 940 135 Rana 15 Khambhala 372 209 163 256 117 139 0 0 0 120 105 15 16 Khijdad 373 362 11 111 96 15 2 2 0 46 42 4 17 Khirsara 350 264 86 485 272 213 0 0 0 211 149 62 18 Mokar 366 334 32 604 281 323 0 0 0 255 228 27 19 Ramgadh 254 253 1 266 120 146 2 1 1 99 85 14 20 Ramnagar 245 244 1 197 186 11 1 1 0 49 44 5 21 Ranavav 2054 1456 598 3116 1689 1427 69 39 30 11936 10167 1769 22 Sukhpur 233 201 32 404 242 162 7 7 0 68 53 15 23 Tarsai 571 420 151 1344 817 527 6 5 1 248 209 39 Vadwala- 24 562 371 191 806 524 282 46 46 0 164 139 25 Rana 25 Valotra 461 316 145 660 242 418 11 10 1 92 83 9 Villages Present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 26 Dhoria Nes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 8 8 Kharavira 27 Khunano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 18 13 Nes Kharavira 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 42 43 Nes Morivirda 29 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 9 5 4 Nes Shermlanki 30 Khunano 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 50 39 Nes TOTAL 11072 8201 2871 14458 8267 6191 275 200 75 17912 14979 2933 (Source: Census Data, 2011)
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3.8.7 Infrastructural Facilities and Amenities in the Study Area: Information on amenities has been provided based on information available in 2011 Census. The Infrastructural facilities and amenities like Education, Health, Drinking Water, Electricity, Transport and Communication Network. The information is provided in subsequent paragraphs of this section.
(a)Medical Facilities: According to the Census-2011, there are 3 primary Health Centre, 13 Primary Health Sub Centre, 5 Dispensary/Health Centre, 4 Veterinary Hospital,1 Family Welfare Centre, 1 Nursing Home, 1 Hospital Allopathic, 1 Maternity & Child Welfare, 2 Maternity Home centre present in the study area. The data for the medical facilities of the study area demonstrate the not too good condition of basic health facilities in the Study Area. The statistical data representing the type and number of medical facilities available within the study area is given in Table 3.34.
Medical Facilities present in the Study Area 13
5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1
Primary Primary Hospital Dispensary/ Maternity & Maternity Nursing Veterinary Family Health Health Sub Allopathic Health Child Home Home Hospital Welfare Centre Centre Centre Welfare Centre Centre Figure 3.19: Availability of Medical Facility in the Study area
(b) Educational Facilities: In the study area, the number of Primary schools include 70 Govt. and 10 Private, Secondary School includes 50 Govt. and 3 private and Senior secondary School includes 5 Govt., 1 Government degree College of Art & Commerce. The data shows that Primary schools, Secondary schools / Senior Secondary Schools and College are not good enough in the ‘Study Area’. The educational facilities within the study area are given in Table 3.34.
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Educational Facilities Present in the Study Area
Government Private
70
50
10 5 3 1 1
Primary School Secondary School Senior Secondary School Degree College Are & Commerce Figure 3.20: Availability of Educational Facility in the Study area
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Table 3.34: Amenities in the Study Area Educational Facilities Health Facilities Senior Govt Primary Secondary Govt. Secondary . Disp Mater Degre Prim Degr Primar ensa nity Ma Fa Vete S.No Name e ary Hospit Nurs ee y ry/ &chil ter mil rinar Colleg Heal al ing pri Colle health Heal d nity y y Go Gov Priv Priv e (Art th Allopa Hom va Govt. ge(A Sub th Welfa Ho Wel Hosp vt. t. ate ate & Cent thic e te rt & Centre centr re me fare ital Comm re Scie e centre erce) nce) 1 Amar 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Amardal 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
3 Aniali 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Ashiyapat 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Bapodar 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 Bhod 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Bileshwar 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Bordi 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9 Daiyar 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 Devda 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 Dolatgadh 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Hanumangadh 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Jarera Nes 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 Kandorna-Rana 6 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 Khambhala 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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16 Khijdad 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Khirsara 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 Mokar 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
19 Ramgadh 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 Ramnagar 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 Ranavav 16 8 3 2 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 22 Sukhpur 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Tarsai 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 24 Vadwala-Rana 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 Valotra 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Villages Present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 26 Dhoria Nes 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kharavira 27 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Khunano Nes 28 Kharavira Nes 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 Morivirda Nes 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shermlanki 30 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Khunano Nes TOTAL 70 10 50 3 5 1 1 0 3 13 1 5 1 1 2 1 4 (Source: As Per Census Data, 2011)
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(c) Drinking Water: The main source of drinking water in the study area is through hand pump, tap water, local water reservoirs constructed by district administration /land owners for storage of water. Hand Pump Functioning are available for all-round the year, around 63% settlement present in our study area has this facility.
(d) Power Supply All villages and town in the study area have power supply for domestic agriculture and for all other purposes. The power supply details are given in the Table 3.35.
(e) Transport: Modes of transport in the ‘Study Area’ are Camel Carts, Tractor and Jeeps. Private Bus Services facilities is prominent and is an important mode of transport for daily routine, in our study area around 83% of the villages has this facilities, same can be seen in Table 3.35.
(f) Post office The Town present in the study area has the facilities of post office. Post office facilities are not available in the any villages in the study area, same can be seen in the Table 3.34.
(g) Community Toilet Complex (excluding Bath) for General Public Toilets are an integral part for daily health and hygiene maintenance, its importance lies in an effort to prevent diseases which can be transmitted through human waste. Community toilet may be constructed and maintained by Gram Panchayats or private NGOs like Sulabh Sauchalaya etc. In our study area only 30% of the settlements have these facilities, which constitute to a very poor sanitation factor.
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Table 3.35: Infrastructure facilities of the study area Uncover Tube Tap Water ed Well Community Toilet Hand Pump Wells/Boreh Untreated Public Power Function Complex (excluding S.N Functioning ole Post Name Functioning Bus Supply for ing All Bath) for General o. All-round the Functioning Office All-round the Service All Users round Public year All-round year the year the year 1 Amar A N/A N/A N/A A A A N/A 2 Amardal A A A A A A A A 3 Aniali A A A N/A A A A N/A 4 Ashiyapat A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A N/A 5 Bapodar A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A N/A 6 Bhod A A A N/A A A A A 7 Bileshwar A A N/A N/A A A A N/A 8 Bordi A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A A 9 Daiyar A A N/A N/A A A A A 10 Devda A N/A N/A N/A A A A A 11 Dolatgadh A N/A A N/A A A A N/A 12 Hanumangadh A N/A N/A N/A A A A N/A 13 Jarera Nes N/A A A N/A A A A N/A 14 Kandorna-Rana A A N/A N/A A A A A 15 Khambhala A N/A N/A N/A A A A N/A 16 Khijdad A A N/A N/A A A N/A A 17 Khirsara A A A N/A A A A N/A 18 Mokar A A N/A N/A A A A N/A 19 Ramgadh A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A N/A 20 Ramnagar A N/A A N/A A A N/A A 21 Ranavav A A A A A A A A 22 Sukhpur A A A N/A A A A N/A 23 Tarsai A A A N/A A A A N/A 24 Vadwala-Rana A A N/A N/A A A N/A N/A 25 Valotra A N/A N/A N/A A A A N/A Villages Present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 26 Dhoria Nes N/A A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A
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Kharavira 27 N/A A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A Khunano Nes 28 Kharavira Nes N/A A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A 29 Morivirda Nes N/A A A N/A N/A A A N/A Shermlanki 30 N/A A N/A N/A N/A A A N/A Khunano Nes A: AVAILABLE; N/A : NOT AVAILABLE (Source: As Per Census Data, 2011)
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3.8.8 Conclusion “Socio-Economic Study” of the Study Area gives a clear picture of its population, average household size, literacy rate, and sex ratio etc. A part of population is suffering from the lack of permanent job to run their day to day life and get basic facilities. The infrastructure and amenities available in the area denote the economic wellbeing of the region. The study area as a whole possesses average of infrastructural facilities. However, in comparison with the facilities available in other parts of the district this area lacks higher level of amenities like higher education, health, drinking water. This area needs more medical and educational facilities. The area is well connected with road transport and communication facilities.
3.8.9 Measures adopted by M/s TATA Chemicals Limited for the development of the social structure:-
Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project will employ about 43 workers. Almost all these workers belong to the nearby villages. Mine has played significant role in socio- economic development of the region. TCL engages and support key communities through its established non-profit organisations:
1. TATA Chemicals Society for Rural Development: Established in 1980 by TCL to promote development and foster welfare activities in communities of community development.
2. Uday Foundation: Uday Foundation has set up rural BPO at Mithapur that offer rural youth an opportunity to enhance their skills and also get a chance at employment and improvement.
3. Okhai- Centre for Empowerment: Further, Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project (Survey No. 207/P) will generate direct or indirect employment to the tune of semi-skilled and unskilled labourers, who will be mostly from the nearby villages. Employment to the local people has greatly benefited in the upliftment of the income level of the locality.
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M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Page 161 CHAPTER-4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 4 - ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.0 General Environmental impacts both direct and indirect on various environmental attributes due to proposed mining activity will be created in the surrounding environment, during the preoperational, operational and post–operational phases. The occurrence of mineral deposits, being site specific, their exploitation, often, does not allow for any choice except adoption of eco-friendly operation. The methods are required to be selected in such a manner, so as to maintain environmental equilibrium ensuring sustainable development. The impacts due to mining operations commence from the exploration activities, extend through extraction and processing of minerals, may continue up to post closure of the operation, with the nature and extent of impacts varying throughout the stages of project development. In order to maintain the environmental commensuration with the mining operation, it is essential to undertake studies on the existing environmental scenario and assess the impact on different environmental components. This would help in formulating suitable management plans and sustainable resource extraction. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of physical environment. Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause and effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In cases, where it is not possible to identify and validate a model for a particular situation, predictions have been arrived based on logical reasoning / consultation / extrapolation. The following parameters are of significance in the Environmental Impact Assessment and are being discussed in detail – 1. Land Environment 2. Water Environment 3. Air Environment 4. Noise Environment 5. Biological Environment 6. Socio-Economic Environment
4.0.1 Impact Assessment Methodology Environmental impacts are defined as change in the environment due to any factor either adverse or beneficial. Environment Impact assessment is the most important tool for identifying the possible impacts on environment generated due to possible upcoming project. Baseline data has been collected through well designed scientific network. It shows the existing environmental condition in the study area. Following methodology has been adopted for impact assessmentfor Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project:
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A) Listing of possible activities during the operational phase due to which environmental degradation may occur. B) Identifying applicable components on which the possible activities can cause the possible impacts. Various environmental impacts, which have been identified due to the mining activities, are discussed in the following sections and mitigation measures are suggested.
4.1 Land Environment Anticipated Impact Proposed project is an expansion project where Environment Clearance has been obtained in the year 2015 vide no.J-11015/304/2012-IA.II(M)for the annual production of 14,000 Tons of Limestone. The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining. A new tar or metallic road also has been proposed by TCL along which plantation will be done. Thus, the anticipated impact on land will be nearly insignificant. Area outside the mine lease will not get affected due to proposed project as mineral stack yard and overburden will be kept within mine lease area.
4.1.1Change in Land use Pattern The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining. The ultimate depth of the pit at the end of life of mine is expected to be at 44.0 mRL, the voids in the northern side due to excavation in the lease area will be used for accumulating rain water. By the end of life of mine around 8.1975 ha will be planted on both undisturbed and mine out area. Land use Pattern of the core zone of mining area will be changed due to proposed mining activity. Original topography of the core zone will be affected. The impact of mining on land environment is due to excavation of pits. Stage wise change in land use pattern has been given below.
Table 4.1 Stage wise Change in Land use Pattern S. Head Area put Additional Total Area Net area No. on use at requirement Area considered consider start of during plan (ha) as fully ed for Mining period (ha) reclaimed calculati Plan and on (ha) rehabilitate (ha) d (ha)
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1 Area under 2.8266 8.4073 11.2339 0 11.2339 mining 2 Storage for top 0 0 0 0 0 soil 3 Waste dump 0 0 0 0 0 site 4 Mineral 0 0 0 0 0 storage 5 Infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 – workshop, administrative building etc. 6 Roads 0.2812 0 0.2812 0 0.2812 7 Railways 0 0 0 0 0 8 Tailing pond 0 0 0 0 0 9 Effluent 0 0 0 0 0 Treatment Plant 10 Mineral 0 0 0 0 0 Separation Plant 11 Township area 0 0 0 0 0 12 Others (Green 0 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 Belt) Grand Total 3.1078 8.4573 11.5651 0 11.5651 Total 11.5651 Ha out of 12.27 Ha will be put in use area for the next 5 year of mining. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
Mitigation Measure: 1.The green belt will be developed along the non-mining zone boundary passing through the lease area. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation made by regular watering. 2.Approx.2000 plants will be planted per year upto the extended lease period. The rate of survival is expected to be 70% in the area. 3.Surface and ground water will not be affected due to mining activity. There is no perennial source of water within the leasehold area. 4.Frequent dust suppression will be done to minimize the risk of long term buildup of pollutants in the environment. Adopting suitable, site-specific mitigation measures can reduce the degree of impact of mining on land. Present land use pattern of the lease area is waste land and at the conceptual stage the land use pattern will remain the same, hence will not be changed as there is no overburden generated from the mining activity.
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4.1.2 Impact on Soil Environment Soil erosion in the mining areas is mainly caused due to stripping-off of the surface from vegetation cover leading to loosing compactness of soil, thereafter; causing surface degradation, along with the factor like surface run-off during the rainfall, erosion through wind and man- induced erosion etc causes soil erosion in the mine site. The lease area has been subjected to mining in one or pits exposing the lower layers of the limestone formation. The trap rock has not been drilled into and exposures of the same are also not seen in the vicinity. To be on the safeguard, control measures like dense plantation will be done to increase the holding capacity of the soil, to prevent soil erosion.
4.1.3 Top Soil Management Top soil in the lease area is of very thin bed of varying 0.25-0.45 m, which will be used in plantation within the lease area. Following is the year-wise planning for reusing of top soil for plantation purpose. Table 4.2: Year Wise Waste Generation (Top Soil, OB/Waste/Mineral reject) Year Top Soil(Cum) Mineral Rejects(Cum) Reuse/Spreading Storage Backfilling Storage* Blending Beneficiation I 800 Nil Nil 7650 Nil Nil II 1100 Nil Nil 10800 Nil Nil III 1250 NA NA 15750 NA NA IV 850 NA NA 15750 NA NA The mineral reject (undersized of Chemical Grade) will be temporarily stored inside the lease area before in Cement manufacturing. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, Dated 14.09.2016)
4.1.4 Conceptual Reclamation and Rehabilitation of the mined-out area The mining area is almost flat. A thin layer of top soil 0.25- 0.45 m will be used in plantation within the lease. The slope of benches will be suitable graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The top of the benches shall be properly fenced to prevent fall of cattle/person. Total 33% of the lease area will be developed as green Belt which would be around 4.04 Ha. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, workshop, mine office, etc. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation by means of fencing and regular watering to protect from grazing animals and nurture. At the end of the mining lease period, as per MOEF&CC Office Memorandum F. No. 22-34/2018-IA-III dated 16 January, 2020, "the mining lease holder shall, after ceasing mining operations, undertake re-grassing the mining area and any other area which may have been disturbed due to their mining activities and restore the land to a condition which is fit for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc"
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Therefore at the conceptual stage of the proposed mine the excavated area will be re-grassed for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc. Mitigation Measures 1. No siltation on the agricultural land will be allowed. 2. Plantation will be done which will help to minimize the propagation of air born dust. It will also help to increase the soil holding capacity which in turn reduce the soil erosion and prevent run-off. Table 4.3: Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing Year Number of saplings to be Fencing around Plantation planted (m) I 2000 90 II 2000 90 III 2000 90 IV 2000 90 V 2000 90
The post plantation care is proposed to maintain the growth of plants. Plantation will reduce the land erosion possibility in the surrounding area. Barbed – wire fencing will be done around the green belt.
4.2 Water Environment Mining and its associated activities not only use a lot of water but also likely to affect the hydrological regime of the area. The major impact of deep and large mines (both underground and open cast) is of natural groundwater table. Lowering of water table may result in reduced groundwater availability. Extraction of different minerals is known to lead to water pollution due to heavy metals, acid discharges and increased suspended solids. Deep underground mines directly affect the water table of the area. However, the impact of mining projects on groundwater hydrology and surface water regime are site specific and depends upon the characteristics of the mineral, hydrogeology and requirement of groundwater for other uses.
Anticipated impacts on water sources Ground Water The average depth(m) of the water table based on the observations from nearby wells is given below: Table 4.4: Average depth of water table Max. Water Table(mRL) Min. Water Table(mRL) 10.30 m 13.40 m (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
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The working in the lease area is expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4m deep from surface RL 44mRL as the deposit is in slope of hillock the bottom RL of the pit at the end of mining life will be similar to the general elevation of the area i.e. 40m. Therefore, the mine working will remain much above the water table. At conceptual stage the ultimate depth of pitis expected to be at 44.0mRL Therefore, the groundwater table will not likely to get affected.
Surface water The general slope of the lease area is NE to SW. No prominent water course or nalla is present. The mine floor is kept slightly sloppy for natural drainage. The waste water generation in the mining process is not envisaged. The deposit does not contain any harmful contents; hence it is not going to affect the quality of water in surrounding area. As there is no beneficiation involved with the use of water, discharge effluents does not happen. There is a natural drainage pattern within the lease area. Major part of the rain water from the lease area runoff is along the slope.
4.2.1 Wastewater Generation, Treatment & Disposal The waste water generation in the mining process is not envisaged. The total water consumption in the expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is about 10 KLD. The water will be used in the following manner. For dust suppression For domestic consumption For greenbelt development
Table 4.5: Water demand for the project Activity Water requirement, KLD Dust suppression /allied mining activity 4.0 Plantation 4.0 Drinking & Domestic 2.0 Total 10.0 Source Ground Water
There is a deep tube well near mine office from which water will be supplied for drinking and domestic purpose as well as for dust suppression measures. CGWA permission for ground water withdrawal is obtained for 10 cum in the year 2011 Enclosed as Annexure X.
The waste water generation from the above consumption is mainly from domestic consumption i.e. from toilets. This water will be treated in septic tanks followed by soak pits.
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4.2.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Resources a) Overall drainage planning has been done in such a manner that the existing pre- mining drainage conditions will be maintained to the extent possible so that run off distribution is not affected. b) Waste water generated from labor domestic uses will be treated in septic tank followed by soaking pits. c) At conceptual stage the maximum depth of working will be 44.0mRL m from the surface. Therefore, the groundwater table will not likely to get affected. d) Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure that there is no adverse impact due to Limestone mining project. e) No washing of equipment will be done inside the mining lease area.
4.3 Impact on Air Quality The proposed Expansion project includes various activities like development of benches, approach roads, haul roads, excavation and transportation of limestone. These operations generally result in generation of dust and thereby pose health hazards. However, it is proposed that adequate control measures will be provided at every stage of operation such as, water sprinkling at loading, unloading points and on haul roads before transportation to reduce the fugitive dust emissions. Mining is proposed to be carried out by opencast semi mechanized method. The air borne particulate matter (PM10) generated by mining operations, transportation and screening of ore is the main respirable air pollutant. The emissions of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) released by vehicles plying on haul roads will be marginal. Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out taking into consideration of proposed production and net increase in emissions.
4.3.1 Emissions Details Loading - unloading and transportation of ores, wind erosion of the exposed area and movement of vehicles will be the main polluting source in the proposed mining activities releasing
Particulate Matter (PM10) which affects the ambient air of the area. Emission during loading and unloading was calculated by the area sources. Transportation of the Limestone ore by 30 nos. of trucks operated per day on the haul road was calculated by the area source which was combination of line sources with each truck loaded with ore transported over the haul road of the mining area. It was assumed that one truck will carry 20 Tons of ore/over burden. Details of emission during loading/unloading and transportation on the haul road, wind erosion of the exposed area and road maintenance were discussed and combined impact was predicted in the worst-case scenario under worst meteorological condition given as follows:
Loading and Unloading - US EPA, 2008, revision of emission factor for AP-42 was used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during loading and
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unloading separately. It is assumed that moisture content in limestone ore was 10% and further moisture content will be increased to 10-20% to reduce emission of PM10 during unloading and average wind speed was 3.03 m/s as observed with site data with calm conditions 43.64 % as shown in wind rose and discussion of local meteorology of the area.
Haul Road - US EPA, 2006, revision of emission factor for AP-42 was used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during transportation of ore by 5 trucks operated per hour on haul road of 1.6 km. Truck will be fully covered with tarpaulin material and emission of PM10 during transportation on the haul road will be insignificant. US EPA based AERMOD model was used for prediction of impact with 1-h meteorological data of the study period for the assessment of GLC.
4.3.2 Meteorological Data The meteorological data recorded at hourly interval during the month of December 2018 to February 2019 on wind speed 3.03 m/s, wind direction, dry & wet bulb temperature, humidity, cloud cover and rainfall was processed to extract hourly mean meteorological data as per the guidelines of CPCB/MoEF&CC for prediction of impacts from the area source. Stability was computed by Turner’s method and mixing height was obtained from publication of IMD “Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height in India, 2008.
Data recorded from authorized source Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi were used as meteorological input for Dispersion Model which was stored in the computer for further analysis and interpretation to study the local meteorology of the study area. It was observed that pre- dominant wind during winter season is North East to South West as shown in wind rose (Figure 4.1), with low wind speed and 43.64 % calm condition was observed during study period at the site which was very much close and cumbersome with long term meteorological data of IMD, Porbandar. Average wind speed was 3.03 m/s. Impact of the pollutants was anticipated in south west direction under influence of pre-dominant wind direction. Ambient air quality locations were selected based on the long term wind rose pattern of the area. Seven ambient air quality sampling locations were finalized to study the baseline status around the proposed site and to study impact at various locations. 24-h maximum impact of PM10 was envisaged in south direction at very short distance from the site due to moderate to low wind speed.
Stable atmospheric condition E & F dominates in early morning and night hoursandB,C&Din day hours were observed. Pollutants were dispersed from the proposed source under influence of local meteorology and dispersed on the ground in downwind direction close to the source under influence of moderate to low wind speed. High temperature and low humidity were observed at site with high temperature in day hours and low during night. There was no significant rain fall received and sky was clear of clouds in most of the days.
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Figure 4.1: Wind Rose Diagram
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4.3.3 Frame work of Computation & Model details By using the above-mentioned inputs, ground level concentrations due to the mining activities have been estimated to know the incremental rise in ambient air quality and impact in the study area. The effect of air pollutants upon receptors are influenced by concentration of pollutants and their dispersion in the atmosphere. Loading / unloading and transportation of vehicles on the haul road (length 1.6km) are the major source of particulate matter.
Air quality modeling is an important tool for prediction, planning and evaluation of air pollution control activities besides identifying the requirements for emission control to meet the regulatory standards and to apply mitigation measures to reduce impact caused by mining activities.
4.3.4 Model Results The Air Quality Impact Prediction has been done by using AERMOD. Impact was predicted in the worst-case scenario due to combined impact of loading and unloading and emission due to transportation of vehicles on Limestone mine, haul road and other mining activities.
PM10 data of three months were collected from all seven sampling locations and enlisted. To address frequency, 98th percentile value was calculated using statistical method. The secondary meteorological data for the period December 2018-February 2019 was fed in the AERMOD software to obtain isopleths. The same was superimposed on monitoring location of the study area to identify the approximate incremental value. Meteorological data under worst case scenario providing 24-h maximum average GLC was discussed and given in following table
Table-4.6(i) Incremental and predicted value of PM10concentration Background Locations Code value (98th Incremental Total Predicted Locations & Distance percentile) in GLC in µg/m3 GLC in µg/m3 w.r.t. site. µg/m3 AQ1 Near Mine Site 91.6 2.79 94.39 0.45 km, NE Daulatgarh AQ2 78.1 0.80 78.9 village 1.73km, NE AQ3 Bhod village 73.4 0.80 74.2 3.47 km, SW AQ4 Aniali village 81.0 2.0 83 2.32 Km, SE AQ5 Bordi village 77.3 0.90 78.2 2.45 Km, N Vadwala AQ6 76.3 0.80 77.1 village 5.07 Km, S AQ7 Valotra village 75.2 0.40 75.6 5.86 km, SE
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4.3.4.1 Results of PM10GLC concentration: Iso-pleth of PM10ranges from 0.4 to 2.79 µg/m3 as shown in the Figure 4.2. Maximum predicted GLC is observed at near mine site at 0.45 km distance with incremental value of 2.79 µg/m3. For the calculation of the total predicted GLC of 24 hours near mine site, the baseline value of (98th percentile) 91.6 µg/m3was added to the incremental value of 2.79µg/m3, resulting into 94.39µg/m3. The total predicted value calculated near mine site including the incremental load due to proposed mining activities like loading/unloading and transportation at haul road which are the responsible factors for dust emissions are found satisfactory and below the permissible limit of PM10 as prescribed by NAAQS. The results may allow the mining project in the vicinity.
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Figure – 4.2 Iso-pleth of PM10
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Table-4.6(ii) Incremental and predicted value of PM2.5 concentration Locations Code Background value Incremental Total Predicted Locations & Distance w.r.t. (98 percentile) in GLC in GLC in µg/m3 site. µg/m3 µg/m3 AQ1 Near Mine Site 43.9 1.22 45.12 0.45 km, NE Daulatgarh AQ2 37.6 0.50 38.1 village 1.73km, NE AQ3 Bhod village 31.8 0.60 32.4 3.47 km, SW AQ4 Aniali village 37.7 0.60 38.3 2.32 Km, SE AQ5 Bordi village 33.9 0.50 34.4 2.45 Km, N AQ6 Vadwala village 35.8 0.50 36.3 5.07 Km, S AQ7 Valotra village 35.2 0.50 35.7 5.86 km, SE
4.3.4.2 Result of PM2.5GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of PM2.5calculated near mine site is 3 3 45.12µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of PM2.5 (60 µg/m for industrial 3 zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of PM2.5 ranges from 0.50 to 1.22µg/m , in Figure 4.3.
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Figure – 4.3 Iso-plethof PM2.5
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Table-4.6(iii) Incremental and predicted value of NO2 concentration Background Incrementa Locations Code & value l Total Predicted Locations Distance w.r.t. (98 percentile) in GLC in GLC in µg/m3 site. µg/m3 µg/m3 AQ1 Near Mine Site 22.9 0.05 22.95 0.45 km, NE Daulatgarh AQ2 16.8 0.20 17 village 1.73km, NE AQ3 Bhod village 13.9 0.60 14.5 3.47 km, SW AQ4 Aniali village 18.5 0.50 19 2.32 Km, SE AQ5 Bordi village 18.0 0.05 18.05 2.45 Km, N AQ6 Vadwala village 17.3 1.0 18.3 5.07 Km, S AQ7 Valotra village 15.8 0.20 16 5.86 km, SE
4.3.4.3 Result of NO2GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of NO2 calculated near mine site is 3 3 22.95µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of NO2 (80 µg/m ). The isopleths 3 showing the concentration of NO2 ranges from 0.05 to 1µg/m , in Figure 4.4.
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Figure – 4.4 Iso-pleth of NO2
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Table-4.6 (iv) Incremental and predicted value of SO2concentration Background Incrementa Locations Code & value l Total Predicted Locations Distance w.r.t. (98 percentile) in GLC in GLC in µg/m3 site. µg/m3 µg/m3 AQ1 Near Mine Site 13.9 0.03 13.93 0.45 km, NE Daulatgarh AQ2 12.4 0.08 12.48 village 1.73km, NE AQ3 Bhod village 11.6 0.30 11.9 3.47 km, SW AQ4 Aniali village 12.3 0.50 12.8 2.32 Km, SE AQ5 Bordi village 11.6 0.03 11.63 2.45 Km, N AQ6 Vadwala village 11.9 0.50 12.4 5.07 Km, S AQ7 Valotra village 11.3 0.08 11.38 5.86 km, SE
4.3.4.4 Result of SO2GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of SO2 calculated near mine site is 3 3 13.93µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of SO2 (80 µg/m for industrial 3 zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of SO2 ranges from 0.03 to 0.50µg/m in Figure 4.5.
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Figure – 4.5 Iso-pleth of SO2
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Table-4.6 (v) Incremental and predicted value of CO concentration Background Incrementa Locations Code & value l Total Predicted Locations Distance w.r.t. site. (98 percentile) in GLC in GLC in µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 Near Mine AQ1 878 3 881 Site 0.45km, NE Daulatgarh AQ2 744 10 754 village 1.73km, NE AQ3 Bhod village 713 80 793 3.47 km, SW AQ4 Aniali village 754 50 804 2.32 Km, SE AQ5 Bordi village 745 3 748 2.45 Km, N Vadwala AQ6 729 50 779 village 5.07 Km, S AQ7 Valotra village 741 10 751 5.86 km, SE
4.3.4.5 Result of CO GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (8 hours) of CO calculated near mine site is 881µg/m3 or 0.881 milligram/m3, which is below the prescribed permissible limit of CO (2 mg/m3 for industrial zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of CO ranges from 3 to 80µg/m3or 0.003 to 0.08 mg/m3in Figure 4.6.
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Figure – 4.6 Iso-pleth of CO
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4.3.5 Proposed Mitigation Measures For Dust Suppression As per Approved Mine Plan drilling and basting is proposed for Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project but occasionally for giving the shattering effect to hard strata. Particulate matter emission from haul road will be reduced by water sprinkling. Vehicle used for excavation and haulage will be of latest Indian norms. High speed diesel will be used for mining equipment operation Green belt will be developed as per approved mining plan. Although green belt is already practiced at project site as it is an existing mine. Personal protecting equipment (PPE) like dust mask, ear plugs etc. will be used by mine workers. Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out periodically to know the implementation of environmental management plan. The sources of pollutants from mining activities are given in Table-4.7
Table-4.7: Sources of Pollutants Sr. No. Source Type of Pollutant 1 Mining activity (loading) SPM, NOx 2 Unloading of ore SPM 3 Transportation of ore SPM, NOx
4.4 Noise Environment 4.4.1 Noise Impact on Working Environment Noise generated at the mine site is due to semi-mechanized mining operations and transportation. Noise generated due to mining activities dissipates within the mine. There is no major impact of mining activity on the nearby villages. However, pronounced effect of above noise level is felt only near the active working area. Impact of noise on the villages is negligible as the villages are far located from the mine workings.
4.4.2 Noise Abattement and Control Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals to reduce the noise level up to an extent. Adequate silencers and enclosures will be provided in all the diesel engines. Plantation along both the sides of approach road, around mine office building and mine area to minimize the propagation of noise. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided to all operators land employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone. Periodical noise level monitoring will be done. Frequency levels and associated mental and physical response of humans are given in Table-4.8
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Table-4.8 Noise Exposure Levels & Its Effects Noise Levels dB(A) Exposure Time Effects 85 Continuous Safe Annoyance and irritation 85-90 Continuous Temporary shift in hearing threshold, generally with complete recovery 90-100 Short term Continuous Permanent loss of hearing Above 100 Permanent hearing loss can be avoided Short term 100-110 Several years Permanent deafness Permanent deafness 110-120 Few months Extreme discomfort 120 Short term 140 Short term Discomfort with actual pain 150 and above Single exposure Mechanical damage to the ear (Source: Hand Book of EIA, Rao& Wooten)
4.4.3 Impact Due To Ground Vibrations and Abatement Blasting is proposed in Aniali Limestone Mine but occasionally. Drilling and blasting will be used only for giving shattering effect to the hard strata of limestone horizons. Blasting will be done mainly with ANFO as the column charge and slurry explosive as the base charge. The under sized material generated after manual sizing or mechanized sizing will be temporarily stored in the registered plot or near to the crushing unit before it is sent to TCL's Cement and Soda Ash Plant at Mithapur. Measures that will be followed for abatement of ground vibration, air blast and fly rocks are detailed below – a) Controlled Blasting with shock tube technology will be performed strictly as per the guidelines specified under MMR, 1961; b) Proper design of blast with correct spacing, burden and optimum charge/delay will be performed; c) Supervision of drilling and blasting operations to ensure blast design geometry as per planning will be ensured; d) Sub-drilling will be kept adequate to eliminate toe formation. e) Blasting operations will be carried out only during day time as per DGMS guideline. f) Proper warning signals will be used; g) Adequate safe distance from habitation as per standards from centre of blasting will be maintained;
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h) Drilling parameters like burden, depth, diameter and spacing will be properly designed to ensure proper blast; i) Effective stemming of the explosives will be done in the drill holes.
4.5 Biological Environment Primary and secondary baseline data for flora and fauna was collected within core zone and buffer zone of the project. Barda wild life sanctuary is present within the study area of the project at a distance of 4.02 km from the mine site.
4.5.1 Impact on Biodiversity Mining activities generally result in the deforestation, land degradation, water, air and noise pollution which directly or indirectly affect the faunal and floral status of the project area. However, occurrence and magnitude of these impacts are entirely dependent upon the project location, mode of operation and technology involved. Impact prediction is the main footstep in impact evaluation and identifies project actions that are likely to bring significant changes in the project environment.
The present study was carried out to predict the likely impacts of the proposed expansion of limestone mining project at village Aniali in the surrounding environment with special reference to biological attributes covering habitats/ecosystems and associated biodiversity.
Although impacts on key habitat elements will occur on a local scale, but on a regional scale they would not be critical for the life cycle needs of the species observed or expected. Wild life is not commonly found in the plains because of lack of vegetal cover and surface water except domestic animals. Dust generated due to haulage vehicles can have adverse impact to crop and other plant species of nearby areas. Sprinkling with 4.0 KLD of water will be done to reduce fugitive emission up to an extent. Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project doesn’t include any forest land or diversion of forest land. The total mine lease area 12.27 Ha is a non-forest government waste land.
Mitigation measures a) Regular water sprinkling on haul road will be done to reduce the emission of suspended particulate matter which causes the blockage of the stomata of plants and interrupting the photosynthesis process. b) Thick green belt development will be done as per approved mining plan. The plants proposed in green belt development are presented in Table 4.10. c) Green belt development reduces noise level, reduces gaseous pollution and particulate matter pollution.
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d) Pollution tolerant plant with consultation to state forest department has been proposed for plantation.
4.5.2 Greenbelt Development/Plantation The mining area is almost flat. A thin layer of top soil 0.25- 0.45 m will be used in plantation within the lease. The slope of benches will be suitable graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The top of the benches shall be properly fenced to prevent fall of cattle/person. As per approved mining plan, green Belt will be developed which would be around 4.04 Ha. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, workshop, mine office, etc. Local species like Siris, Neem, Kachnar, Kashid, Shisham, Gulmohar, Karanj, Pipal, Drumstick, Imli, Banyan tree, Belpatra etc. will be planted in consultation with the Forest Department as well as CPCB Guidelines for greenbelt development. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation by means of fencing and regular watering to protect from grazing animals and nurture. At the end of the mining lease period, as per MOEF&CC Office Memorandum F. No. 22-34/2018-IA-III dated 16 January, 2020, "the mining lease holder shall, after ceasing mining operations, undertake re-grassing the mining area and any other area which may have been disturbed due to their mining activities and restore the land to a condition which is fit for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc" The breakup of the proposed afforestation programme with reclamation in progressive manner is given in Table-4.9.
Table-4.9 Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing Year Number of saplings to be Fencing around Plantation planted (m) I 2000 90 II 2000 90 III 2000 90 IV 2000 90 V 2000 90
Plantation Species The plants recommended for Green Belt Development/Plantation as per Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, CPCB, March 2000 and listed in Table 4.10 are as follows:
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Table 4.10 – List of plant species proposed for green belt development Common Name Sensitive/ Regenerati Evergreen/ S. No. Scientific Name (Gujarati, Hindi, Family Habitat Growth Rate Tolerant on Deciduous English) 1 Abutilon indicum Khapat Malvaceae T Shrub Quick Growing Seeds Deciduous 2 Acacia catechu Cutch tree Mimoseae T Shrub Quick Growing Seeds Evergreen 3 Acacia dealbata Silver wattle Mimoseae T Shrub Quick Growing Seeds Evergreen 4 Acacia nilotica Baubra Mimoseae T Shrub Quick Growing Seeds Evergreen 5 Acacia Pennata Biswal Mimoseae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 6 Acacia Senegal Kumta Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Deciduous 7 Acacia sinuata Kochi Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Deciduous The umbrella thorn 8 Acacia tortolis Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Evergreen tree Adenantherapavoni 9 Girit Fabaceae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Deciduous na Seeds, Root 10 Aeglemarmelos Belo Rutaceae T Tree Slow Growing Evergreen Cuttings Seeds, Shoot, 11 Ailanthus excels Mahala Simarubaceae T Tree Quick Growing Deciduous Roots Cuttings Seeds, Root 12 Albiziaamara Sirisha Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Deciduous suckers 13 Albizialebbeck Sirish Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Deciduous 14 Albiziamoluccano Rajokosundori Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Evergreen 15 Albiziaodoratissimo Kala sirish Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Evergreen 16 Albiziaprocera White sirish Mimoseae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Deciduous 17 Alstoniascholaris Devil tree Aposynaceae T Tree Quick Growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, 18 Anonasquamosa Seethaapholo Anomaceae T Smaal tree Fast Growing Grafting, Evergreen Budding 19 Anona reticulate Raamaphala Anomaceae T Tree Fast Growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, Root 20 Anogeissuslatifolia Dohu Combretaceae T Tree Slow Growing Evergreen Suckers 21 Anthocephaluschine Kadam Rubiaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous
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nsis Aphanamixispolysta 22 Rohituka Meliaceae T Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen chya Artocarpusheteroph 23 Jackfruit Urticaceae T Tree Slowgrowing Seeds Evergreen yllus 24 Artocarpuslacucha Monkey jack Urticaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Quick growth after 25 Azadirachtaindica Nimb Meliaceae T Tree Seeds Evergreen 1st season 26 Balanitesroxburghii Ingoriyo Balanitaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 27 ButeaMonosperma Khakharo Fabaceae T Tree Slow growing Seeds Deciduous 28 Bauhinia acuminate Kanchan Caesalpinaceae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 29 Bauhinia purpurea Butterfly tree Caesalpinaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Seeds, Semi- 30 Bischofiajavanica Paniala Bischofiaceae T Tree Quick growing cutting Deciduous Bougainvillea 31 Bougainvillea Nyctaginaceae T Shrub Quick growing Cutting Evergreen spectabilis Seeds, Root 32 Brideliasquamosa Khaja Euphorbiaceae T Tree Quick growing Deciduous Suckers Seeds, 33 Callistemon citrinus Bottle brush Myrtaceae T Small tree Slow growing Evergreen cutting Cealophylluninophy 34 Paanang Clusiaceae T Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen llum Calotropis Seeds, 35 Akada Asclepiadaceae T Shrub Quick growing Evergreen gigantean cuttings Seeds, Root 36 Carissa spinarun Anka Apocynaceae T Shrub Quick growing Evergreen suckers Seeds, Root 37 Cassia fistula Sunari Caesalpinaceae T Tree Quick growing Deciduous suckers 38 Cassia siamea Kaishid Caesalpinaceae T Tree Fast growing Seeds Evergreen Cutting, 39 Citrus aurantium Nimbu Rutaceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen Grafting Clerodendruminfort Seeds, 40 Bhantaka Verbenaceae T Shrub Quick growing Evergreen unatum cutting Quick growing after Seeds, stem 41 Cordiadichotoma Sebespan fruit tree Cardiaceae T Tree Evergreen 1st year cutting Moderate during 1st Seeds, Root 42 Dalbergiasisoo Sissu Fabaceae T Tree Evergreen year and rapid & stem
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afterwards cutting Seeds, 43 Delonixregia Gulmohur Caesalpinaceae S Tree Quick growing Deciduous cutting Seeds, stem, Dendrocalamusstric Shrub/Tall rhizome 44 Saliabanso Poaceae T Quick growing Deciduous tus perennial grass cutting, layering 45 Derris indica Karanjo Fabaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Diospyrosmelanoxy Seeds, root 46 Kendu Ebenaceae T Tree Slow growing Deciduous lon suckers 47 Dryptesroxburghii Putronjiva Euphorbiaceae T Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen 48 Durantarepens - Verbenaceae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, Cutting, 49 Emblicaofficinalis Amala Euphorbiaceae T Tree Quick growing Deciduous Budding, Inarching Embryopterisperegr 50 - Ebenaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous ina Seeds, Stem 51 Erythrinavariegata Bangoro Fabacea T Tree Quick growing Deciduous cutting Eucalyptus 52 Lemon scented gum Myrtaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen citriodora Seeds, 53 Ficusbenghalensis Banyan Tree Moraceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen Cuttings Seeds, 54 Ficusbenjamina Pakur Moraceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen Cuttings Seeds, 55 Ficusgibbosa Karatosani Moraceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen Cuttings Grows slow in early Seeds, 56 Ficusreligiosa Pipal Moraceae T Tree stages, later grows Evergreen Cuttings fast Grows slow in early Seeds, 57 Ficusvirens Pilkhan Moraceae T Tree stages, later grows Evergreen Cuttings fast Gardenia Seeds, 58 Anant Rubiaceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen jasminoides Cuttings Seeds, 59 Gardenia resinifera Dikamali Rubiaceae T Tree Quick growing Deciduous Cuttings
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60 Grevillearobusta Silky aak Proteaseae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 61 Grewiasubinequalis Pharasakoli Tiliaceae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 62 Guazmaulmifolia Rudraksha Sterculiaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds,Cutti 63 Hamelia patens Scarletdush Rubiaceae T Shrub Quick growing Evergreen ng Heterophragmarox 64 - Bignaniaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen burghii Hibiscus 65 Gurhal Malvaceae T Shrub Quick growing Cutting Evergreen rosasinensis Holopteliaintegrifio Seeds, Stem 66 Dauranja Ulmaceae T Tree Quick growing Deciduous lia cutting 67 Ixoraarborea - Rubiaceae T Tree Quick growing Cutting Evergreen 68 Juniperuscommunis Betar Pinaceae S Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 69 Kigeliaafricana Sausage tree Vignoniaceae T Small Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Lagerstroemia 70 Patali Lythraceae T Tall tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous parviflora 71 Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, 72 Lawsoniainermis Heena Lythraceae T Shrub Quick growing Evergreen cutting Mollotusphilippensi 73 Kamala Euphorbiaceae T Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen s 74 Madhucalongifolia Mahula Sopotaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Seeds, Quick growing after 75 Mangiferaindica Aam Anacardiaceae S Tree transplantin Evergreen 1st year g, Millingtoniahortens Seeds, 76 Indian cork Bignoniaceae S Tree Quick growing Evergreen is cutting Seeds, 77 Murrayapaniculata Kamini Rutaceae T Shrub Quick growing Evergreen cutting 78 Neriumindicum Kaner Apocynaceae T Shrub Quick growing cutting Evergreen Nyctanthus arbor- Seeds, 79 Harsingar Oleaceae T Shrub Quick growing Deciduous tristis cutting Seeds, Root 80 Ouginiaoojeinensis Banjan Fabaceae T Tree Quick growing Deciduous cutting Peltophorumpteroc 81 Copper pod tree Caesalpinaceae T Tall Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen arpum
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82 Phoenix sylvestris Khajuri Arecaceae T Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds,cuttin 83 Phyllanthusacidus Country gooseberry Euphorbiaceae T Tree Quick growing Deciduous g, budding 84 Pinusroxburghii Chilgoza Pinaceae S Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, Pithecellobiumducl 85 Jungle jalebi Mimosaceae T Tree Quick growing Branch Evergreen e cutting 86 Polyalthialongifolin Ashok Anonaceae S Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, stem, 87 Populusdeltoides Poplar Salicaceae S Tree Quick growing root cutting, Deciduous root sucker Seeds, root 88 Prosopischilensis Vilayati Babul Mimosaceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen sucker Seeds, cutting, 89 Psidiumguayava Amrud Myrtaceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen budding, grafting Seeds, Semi- 90 Pterygotaalata - Sterculioceae T Tree Quick growing cutting Deciduous 91 Ricinuscommunis Castar Euphorbiaceae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 92 Salix tetrasperma Baisi Solicaceae T Tree Quick growing cutting Deciduous Seeds, 93 Samaneosamom Rain tree Mimosaceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen cutting Sapindusemarginat 94 Ritha Sapindaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen us 95 Sapiumsebiferum Makhan tree Euphorbiaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 96 Saracaasoka Ashok Caesalpinaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Sesbaniagrandiflor 97 Ogasti Fabaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen a 98 Soymidafebrifuga Sahan Meliaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Quick growing after 99 Spondiaspinnata - Anacardiaceae T Tree Seeds Deciduous 1st year 100 Sterculiafoetida JangliBadam Sterculiaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Seeds, cutting, 101 Syzygiumcumini Jamun Myrtaceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen grafting, budding
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Tabernaemantanedi 102 Tagar Apocynaceae T Shrub Quick growing cutting Evergreen varicata 103 Tamarindusindica Imli Caesalpinaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, 104 Tecomastans - Bignaniaceae T Shrub Quick growing Evergreen cutting 105 Tectonagrandis Teak Verbenaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Seeds, 106 Terminaliaarjuna Arjuno Combretacea T Tree Quick growing cutting, Deciduous layering Seeds, 107 Tremaorientalis Kharkas Ulmaceae T Tree Quick growing Evergreen stumps 108 Zizyphusmauritiana Bodori Rhamnaceae T Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 109 Zizyphusrugosa Suran Rhamnaceae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 110 Zizyphusxylopyra Ber Rhamnaceae T Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen
(Source: Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts by CPCB, March 2000)
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Buteamonosperma Callistemon citrinus
Grewiasubinequalis Lawsoniainermis
Emblicaofficinalis Psidiumguayava
Holopteliaintegrifiolia Syzygiumcumini Figure 4.7: Photographs of the plants for greenbelt development
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4.6 Traffic Study and Transportation Vehicular Traffic Density Traffic study was carried out as primary data to know the existing traffic density. Traffic survey forms are attached as Annexure XI. Incremental pollution load as per IRC 64 has been calculated to estimate the level of services (LOS). Traffic study was conducted for SH-27 and nearby intersection passes through the project site. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the number of trucks that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity as recommended by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The existing volume of traffic and, the Level of Service are given in Table-4.11 (i)
Table 4.11 (i) Existing Traffic Scenario & LOS Existing V/C Road V (PCU/day) C (PCU/day) LOS Ratio Near village intersection 203 6000 0.034 A At SH-27 4100 15000 0.27 B
V= Volume in PCU’s/day & C= Capacity in PCU’s/ day The existing Level of Service near Village intersection is “A” i.e. excellent and at state highway is “B” i.e. very good when compared with LOS recommended by IRC, as given in Table- 4.11(ii).
Table 4.11 (ii) V/C Ratio & LOS V/C LOS Performance 0.0 - 0.2 A Excellent 0.2 - 0.4 B Very Good 0.4 - 0.6 C Good / Average / Fair 0.6 - 0.8 D Poor 0.8 - 1.0 E Very Poor Note: Capacity as per IRC: 64-1990
During Mine operation Total Capacity of mine : 175000 TPA No. of working days : 300 days Total Capacity of mine/day : 175000/300 = 584 tonnes Truck Capacity : 20 tonnes (0.85% Efficiency) No. oftruck trips per day : 584/20 = 30 trucks per day No. of truck trips /day to and fro : 30 * 2 =60 trips 1 Truck= 3 PCU 30 Trucks= 30*3 PCU : 90 PCU To and Fro= 2 times : 90*2= 180 PCU/Day
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Addition to traffic by the proposed project during its operation is given in Table-4.11 (iii).
Table 4.11 (iii) Additional Traffic Scenario & LOS due to proposed project Modified V/C Road V C LOS Ratio Near village intersection 383 6000 0.06 A At SH-27 4280 15000 0.28 B
From the above analysis it can be seen that the V/C ratio will change to 0.06 and 0.28 with LOS being “A” which is “Excellent” near village intersection and “B” which is “Very good” at State highway as per classification. So the additional load on the carrying capacity of the concerned roads is not likely getting affected.
Transportation of mineral The under sized material generated after manual sizing or mechanized sizing will be temporarily stored in the registered plot/stackyard or near to the crushing unit and will be sent TCL's Soda Ash and Cement plant at Mithapur. Route map for transporting mineral from project site to Mithapur Plant of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited is shown in Figure 4.9. Water sprinkling will be regularly practiced for dust suppression and maintenance of HEMM for taking care of the environment concern.
Impact on road development Movement of trucks and other vehicles to and from the quarry is expected to increase, when capacity expansion of mine will start. The existing roads connecting the quarry with the state highway are mostly narrow mud/ kuccha roads. These roads are needed to be widened and paved. There is an ample scope for road development in and around the mining area.
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Figure 4.8 Traffic Route Map
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Figure 4.9: Route map for transporting mineral from project site to Soda Ash and Cement Plant of M/s TATA Chemicals Limited at Mithapur
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4.7 Socio - Economic Environment Impacts of a mining project may be positive or negative. The adverse impacts attribute to physical displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed by loss of livelihood, mental agony, changes in social structure, and risk to food security etc. People are also directly affected due to pollution. However, in Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project, there is no displacement of people due to mining operations. Study on Socio-economic status of the project has already been carried out using primary socio-economic survey for generating the baseline data of socio- economic status.
4.7.1 Anticipated Impacts From the primary socio-economic survey & through secondary data available from established literature and census data 2011, it is found that there would be positive impact on socio- economic condition of the nearby area. The nearest habitation is present in the village Daulatgadh situated at a distance of about 1.6km from the project site in North East direction as shown in Figure 4.10.There is no human habitation within 1 Km of mining lease. Hence the mining activity does not involve any displacement of human settlement. No public buildings, places, monuments etc. exist within the lease area or in the vicinity. The mining operation will not disturb/ relocate any village or need resettlement. Thus no adverse impact is anticipated. The impact of mining activity in the area is positive on the socio-economic environment of the region. Aniali Limestone Mine will be providing employment to the local population and preference will always be given to local people whenever there is a requirement of man power for mining related work.
Probable Impact Assessment Impact on population composition The impact of the proposed mining project on population composition will be marginal as there will be no major immigration of people from distant areas. Only few skilled and managerial staff will be recruited from outside and the rest will be recruited locally. Similarly, there is no scope for emigration of people and there will be no displacement of people due to land acquisition. TCL ensures that all the unskilled workers or labors deployed for mining activities are local people.
Impact on employment generation The proposed mining project is expected to provide direct and indirect employment opportunities to the local people of different skills and trades. It is a positive impact that needs to be encouraged. There are already 28 workers engaged with this mine. Due to expansion, additional 15 workers will be required to achieve the targeted production. It has been estimated that about 43 workers of various categories will be employed directly to the expansion of mining project. The employment potentiality of the project is expected to ameliorate the economic condition of the families of those persons who will get employed in the proposed mining project.
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Figure 4.10:Map showing nearest habitation from project site
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Impact on consumption pattern The field survey has revealed that people in the study area are generally poverty ridden. Increased household income may slightly change and enhance the consumption pattern of few who are burdened with poverty.
Impact on law & order As local people will be employed to run the quarry, no law & order problem is envisaged. It is expected that the workers will attend their duties from their residence and return to their homes after the day’s work. There would have been law & order problem if the workers were migrants and lived in shanties closed to the mining area. However, to meet any untoward incident one police post may be set up closed to the project area.
4.8 Mine Waste Management
As per approved mining plan there is practically no solid waste and overburden in present mining area. The mining area lies on hilly land having rocky exposure and has no soil cover; therefore storage of soil is not required so far no patches of soil were encountered during mining. The sized limestone will be transported after sizing and undersized material will be dispatched to Soda Ash and Cement Plant at Mithapur.
4.9 Mine Closure Mine closure plan is the most important environmental requirement in mining projects. The mine closure plan should cover technical, environmental, social, legal and financial aspects dealing with progressive and post closure activities. The closure operation is a continuous series of activities starting from the decommissioning of the project. Therefore, progressive mine closure plan should be specifically dealt with in the mining plan and is to be reviewed every five years in the scheme of mining. As progressive mine closure is a continuous series of activities, itis obvious that the proposals of scientific mining have included most of the activities to be included in the closure plan. While formulating the closure objectives for the site, it is important to consider the existing or there-mining land use of the site; and how the operation will affect this activity. The primary aim is to ensure that the following broad objectives along with the abandonment of the mine can be successfully achieved:
1. To create a productive and sustainable after-use for the site, acceptable to mine owners, regulatory agencies and the public. 2. To protect public health and safety of the surrounding habitation. 3. To minimize environmental damage. 4. To conserve valuable attributes and aesthetics. 5. To overcome adverse socio-economic impacts.
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ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 5- ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY AND SITE)
5.0 General Consideration of alternatives to a project proposal is a requirement of EIA process. During the scoping process, alternatives to a proposal can be considered or refined, either directly or by reference to the key issues identified. A comparison of alternatives helps to determine the best method of achieving the project objectives with minimum environmental impacts or indicates the most environmental friendly and cost effective options.
5.1 Factors behind the selection of project site Limestone mining near village Aniali is a mining project for excavation of Limestone deposits, which is mineral specific. The mining has following advantages: 1. There is no habitation within the lease area; hence no R & R issues exist. 2. There are no river, stream, nallas and other water bodies passing through the mine lease area. 3. Availability of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers in the nearby region. 4. All the basic amenities such as medical, educational, transportation, communication and infrastructural facilities are accessible to the mine site and in the nearby region. 5. The mining operations do not intersect the ground water level. Hence, no impact on ground water environment.
5.2 Site alternatives under consideration Presence of limestone for commercial exploitation has been identified based on the result of geological investigations and exploration carried out by the Geological Survey of India (GSI). The mining project is site specific so alternate sites need not to be considered.
5.3 Analysis of Alternative Technology
5.3.1 Choice of Method of Mining Factors in the choice of an actual mining method for a given deposit are deposit characteristics, percentage recovery, requirement of health and safety and environmental concerns, production, scheduling scope of mechanization and automation, workforce requirements, wage rates, and land reclamation, operating and capital cost estimates. The selection of the mining method (development and extraction) is a key decision to be made in the opening up of a mine.
The open-pit or open cast mining method is the suitable choice for a property with wide area of mineralization exposed or exists in a close proximity to the surface and continues to a greater depth. Surface mining requires the removal and disposal of layers of top soil and underlying rock commonly called the overburden. Mining must be planned so that the combination of mining processing and reclaiming the land is taken up concurrently.
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Open-cast mining method will be adopted because of the following reasons: 1. Open cast mining methodology ensures higher mineral conservation due to full visualization of exposed ore-body. 2. No need of artificial light in the day shift with natural ventilation round the clock.
5.3.2 Impacts of Mining operations (including Blasting) were predicted in environmental impact study of proposed mining operation with respect to Air, Noise and Vibration. It was concluded in the study that the impacts due to mining operations will be mostly within mine lease area and it will have negligible impacts in the surrounding agricultural lands. Mitigation measures like plantation of dense hedges on the boundary of lease area will further reduce the impacts.
After the implementation of the mitigation measures and Environmental Management Plan, mining activities during the mining phase would have negligible impact on the environment.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 6- ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 General Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is important to measure the efficiency of control measures. An environmental impact assessment study is carried over for a specified period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. The objectives of monitoring are to:- Verify effectiveness of planning decisions; Measure effectiveness of operational procedures; Conform statutory and corporate compliance; and Identify unexpected changes.
Environmental Monitoring & reporting Procedure Monitoring will conform that commitments are being met with. This will take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as quantity and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/ biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socioeconomic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints. The preventive approach by management may also require monitoring of process inputs, for example, type and method used, resource consumption, equipment and pollution control performance etc. The key aims of monitoring are, first to ensure that results/ conditions are as per prediction during the planning stage and where they are or not, to pinpoint the cause and implement action to remedy the situation. A second objective is to verify the evaluations made during the planning process, in particular with risk and impact assessments and standard & target setting and to measure operational and process efficiency. Monitoring will also be required to meet compliance with statutory and corporate requirements. Finally, monitoring results provide the basis for auditing.
Post Project Monitoring is considered as an essential part to check the impact of any project activities. Hence monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the followings: To know the status of pollution within the mine site and in its vicinity. To generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.
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Examine the efficiency of pollution control system adopted at the site. To ascertain environmental impacts.
6.1.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter-4 will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on the environment due to the mining operations of the proposed project. Implementation schedule of mitigation measures is given in Table-6.1.
Table-6.1 Implementation Schedule Sr. No. Recommendations Time Requirement Schedule 1 Air pollution control Before commissioning of Immediate measures respective units 2 Water pollution control Before commissioning of the Immediate measures mine 3 Noise pollution control Along with the commissioning Immediate measures of the mine 4 Ecological preservation Stage-wise implementation Immediate & and upgradation Progressive
6.1.2 Administrative Aspects & Environmental Monitoring Programme As per the guidelines of Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) regular monitoring of environmental parameters need to be submitted to SEIAA and Pollution Control Board to ensure the control of environmental pollution due to proposed project. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring.
Usually, as in the case of the study, an Impact Assessment Study is carried out over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.
6.1.3 Formation of Environment Management Cell In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of various environmental components is necessary. TCL is having a full-fledged environmental management cell (EMC) which will report directly to Functional Head forenvironmental monitoring and control. The EMC team will take care of pollution monitoring aspects and implementation of control measures.
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A group of qualified and efficient engineers with technicians will be deputed for maintenance, up keep and monitoring the pollution control equipment to keep them in working at the best of their efficiencies.
6.1.4 Responsibilities of EMC The generalized responsibilities of the EMC will be as follows: Conducting Environmental monitoring of the surrounding area. Carrying out the Environmental Management Plan. Organizing meetings of the Environmental Management Committee and reporting to the committee. Ensuring that prescribed environmental standards are maintained. Ensure that all different types of statutory returns / compliance report to be submitted to relevant regulatory bodies. Commissioning of pollution control equipment/ measures. Specification and regulation of maintenance schedules for pollution control equipment. Developing the green belt. Ensuring water use is minimized. .
Mine Agent
Mine Manager
Environmental Engineer
Liasioning with state Reclamation planning Pollution control and central statutory and management Management agency and committee Figure 6.1: Organizational Structure for Environment Management
The composition of the environment management cell along with the responsibilities of respective members are given in Table 6.2 as follows
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Table 6.2: Composition of Environment Management Cell (EMC) S.No. Designation Proposed responsibility
1. VP (Manufacturing) Environmental policy and directions
2. GM – Safety, Health Overall responsibility for environment management &Environment and decision making for all environmental issues
3. Manager – Environment Overall in-charge of operation of environment Management System management facilities; Ensuring legal compliance by properly undertaking activities as laid down by various regulatory agencies from time to time and interacting with the same
4. Assistance Manager – Secondary responsibility for environment Environment management and decision making for all Management System environmental issues & ensure environmental monitoring as per appropriate procedures.
Monitoring Method: Post project monitoring will be carried out as per conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF&CC, Consent issued by SPCB as well as according to CPCB guidelines. The Mine site is considered as core zone and the area lying within 10 km radius from the mine site is considered as buffer zone.
Slope Failure: Mining will be carried out by opencast semi-mechanized method as per mining plan approved by Indian Bureau of Mines. Subsidence/ Slope failures are not envisaged because there is practically no solid waste and overburden in present mining area. The mining area lies on hilly land having rocky exposure and has very less top soil cover which will use in plantation. The bench height opening and excavation will be taken as per Mine Act 1951, MMR 1961, Mines Rules 1955 and MCDR 1988. Side of excavation shall be adequately benches and sloped as per Regulation 106 of MMR 1961 to prevent fall of side. Moreover, all safety standards/ safeguards will be implemented as per guidelines prescribed by Director General of Mines and Safety.
Drainage: The general topography of the area surrounding the mine site represents the gently undulating to almost flat terrain intervening the prominent hill ranges of the high relief central area of the region. Water level varies between 10.30 m maximum to 13.40 m minimum indicating a hydraulic gradient towards NE to SW. At the end of the proposed period the maximum depth of
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working pit will be 20 m from the ground level i.e. at 44 m RL. Thus, the ground water table will not be affected by the proposed mining.
There is no major water body or any other seasonal drainage channel or nallas existing in the lease area. During rainy season the surface runoff follows the natural contour and flows in the same direction. The rain water collected in the pits after spell of rain will be used for plantation and dust suppression. At the conceptual stage of the proposed mine the excavated area will be re- grassed for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc.
Blasting Blasting is proposed but occasionally, for loosening the hard strata. Regular testing and inspection of blasting operations in work zone will be carried out with respect to noise, fly rock throw, vibration, dust and fume generation. These tests will be conducted regularly and whenever new patterns of blasting are adopted for rock fragmentation.
6.2 Environment Monitoring Programme The environmental monitoring will be conducted as follows: Water quality; Air quality; Noise levels; Soil Quality Green Belt Development
6.2.1 Water quality Monitoring Water monitoring will be done on regular basis. The ground and surface water quality will be monitored in every season at selected locations. Ground water depth will also be monitored at regular interval.
Table 6.3: Water quality monitoring and control measures Potential Action Parameters for Timing Impact Monitoring Water During extraction of min- No discharge of During mining Quality eral proper care should waste water from operation be taken such that it does mining operation not disturb the ground water table. After extraction of min- Quantity of water During mining eral, rainwater will be used for green operation. stored in void generated. belt development
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6.2.2 Air quality Monitoring
Ambient air quality will be monitored on monthly basis. PM10,PM2.5, SO2 NO2 and CO will be monitored on regular basis. Micro metrological data at site will also be maintained.
Table 6.4: Air quality monitoring and control measures Potential Action Parameters for Timing Impact Monitoring Air All equipment are operated Random checks of During site clearing Emissio within specified design equipment logs/ & Operation of Mine ns parameters. manuals Vehicle trips to be minimized Vehicle logs / During site clearing, to the extent possible Increase the capacity of & Operation of Mine vehicle Topsoil (if any) must be Absence of During site clearing removed from the entire area to stockpiles be mined and stored from where it can be recovered and utilized immediately in other areas. Ensure Regular Checks of Pollution under During Operation of vehicular pollution control certificate mine of vehicle Covering of Vehicles No of trucks with During operation of transporting the mined covering / Random mine mineral checks of trucks on roads Plantation of dense No of saplings per During each year. hedges on the boundary of year from operations till lease area, these will closure as per reduce dust and noise in approved mining the vicinity area. plan Use proper drills bits for Random check of During blast hole drilling holes and wet equipment used for drilling drilling method. drilling Regular water spraying Quantity of water During site clearing, shall be done requirement shall transportation etc. be monitored Ambient air quality within The ambient air As per GPCB the premises of the pro- quality will requirement. posed unit to be monitored. conform to the standards for SPM, SO2 and NO2
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6.2.3 Noise Levels and Vibration Noise level in the work zone will be monitored on regular basis. Controlled Blasting will be practiced.
Table 6.5: Noise quality monitoring and control measures Potential Action Parameters Timing Impact for Monitoring Noise List of all noise generating Equipment During machinery onsite along with age logs, noise mining to be prepared. reading operation. Equipment to be maintained in good working order. Generation of vehicular noise Maintenance During trans- records of portation. vehicles Implement good working Site working During practices (equipment selection practices and blasting and siting) to minimize noise records and also reduce its impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe distances and enclosures). Adopt good blasting practices to reduce impact on flora and fauna. Muffling will be done at the time of blasting Noise to be monitored in Noise As per GPCB ambient air near blasting shelter reading requirement and at the lease boundaries. or quarterly whichever is lesser. The Noise level should not Noise reading As per GPCB exceed the permissible limit requirement both during day and night times. or quarterly whichever is lesser. All equipment operated within Random During specified design parameters. checks of mining equipment operation logs/ manuals Vehicle trips to be minimized to Vehicle logs During the extent possible mining
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operation Plantation of dense hedges on No of During each year from the boundary of lease area, these saplings per operations till closure as will reduce noise in the year per approved mining plan vicinity.
6.2.4 Soil Sampling Soil sampling will be done to check the soil quality before green belt development. The environmental monitoring plan will be implemented as follows:
Table-6.6 Post Project Monitoring Programme Sampling Measurement Attributes Test Procedure Network Frequency Method A. Air Environment Micro Regularly Meteorological Minimum in one Data 1 site season by Mechanical/automatic · Wind direction - in the project Weather weather station · Relative impact area Monitoring humidity Station · Rainfall Pollutants Gravimetric method - 7locations in PM , PM Gravimetric method - 2.5 10 the project Absorption in impact area Potassium Tetra (Minimum 1 Chloromercurate locations in followed by upwind side, Once in a Colorimetric 2 sites in season. EPA Modified West & SO estimation using 2 downwind Geake method P-Rosaniline side, 4 in hydrochloride and crosswind site Formaldehyde / impact (IS: zone and in 5182 Part - II). core zone) Absorption in dil. NaOH and then Arsenite modified estimated NO 2 Jacob &Hochheiser colorimetrically with sulphanilamide
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and N (I- Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (CPCB Method).
B. Water Environment pH, Turbidity, Colour, Odour, Taste, Samples for water TDS, Total quality should be Hardness, collected and Calcium analyzed hardness, as per : Magnesium IS : 2488 (Part 1- Set of grab hardness, 5) samples Chloride, methods for during pre Fluoride, sampling and post- Sulphate, and testing of monsoon Diurnal and Nitrates, Industrial for Season As per IS 10500 Alkalinity, effluents ground and wise Iron, Copper, Standard methods surface Manganese, for water in the Mercury, examination of vicinity. Cadmium, water Selenium, and wastewater Arsenic, analysis published Cyanide, Lead, by Zinc, Chromium, American Public Aluminum, Health Boron, Association. Phenolic Compounds C. Noise Mine Noise levels at Quarterly / Boundary, As per CPCB day & night time - Half As per CPCB norms high noise norms Leq dB (A) yearly generating
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areas within the lease D. Soil pH, Bulk Density, Soil texture, Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, 5 locations Potassium, Yearly/half As per USDA As per USDA in the project Calcium, yearly Method Method impact area Magnesium, Sodium, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Matter, Chloride E. Socio-economic · Demographic structure Secondary data · Infrastructure Socioeconomic from census resource base survey is based records, statistical · Economic on Minimum hard books, topo Primary data collection resource base proportionate, for two sheets, health through · Health status: stratified and phases of records and Questionnaire Morbidity pattern random the project relevant official · Cultural and sampling records available Aesthetic method with Govt. attributes agencies · Education
Green Belt Development About 10000saplings will be planted in next 5. Plant species act as bio-monitoring agent to monitor the air environment as well as to keep and maintain the project environment healthy. Trees have substantial inter-specific as well as intra-specific variation in air pollution tolerance. Green Belt development / tree plantation in organized manner will be carried out around the existing mine site by the end of the mining activity. The species suggested are local tree species in the mine area and nearby villages, to reduce the impact of expansion activities in the surroundings of the existing mine site. The suggested plants are suitable for green belt development have characteristics like, fast growing, thick canopy cover, perennial and evergreen large leaf area, naturally growing, efficient in absorbing pollutants without major effects on natural growth. Species like Azadirachtaindica, Ficusreligiosa, Samaneasaman,
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Tamarindusindica, Balanitesroxburghii planch, Bougainvillea spectabilis wild etc. is proposed for greenbelt development as per CPCB Guidelines for Green Belt Development, 2000.
6.3 Occupational Health and Safety Occupational hazards involved in mines are related to dust pollution, noise pollution, blasting and injuries from equipment and fall from high places. DGMS has given necessary guidelines for safety against these occupational hazards. The management strictly follows these guidelines. All necessary first aid and medical facilities is provided to the workers. The mine is well equipped with proper fire protection and firefighting equipment. All operators and mechanics are trained to handle fire-fighting equipment. Further all the necessary protective equipment such as helmets, safety goggles, earplugs, earmuffs, etc. is provided to persons working in mines as per Mines Rules, 1955. . To avoid any adverse effect on the health of workers due to various pollutants, sufficient measures relating to safety and health is practiced: Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water, portable toilets etc. All safety measures like use of safety appliances, such as dust masks, helmets, shoes, non-breakable goggles, knee pads, as the case may be, shall be ensured. Safety awareness programs, awards, posters, slogans related to safety etc. will be encouraged. Training of employees for use of safety appliances and first aid in vocational training center. Regular maintenance and testing of all equipment as per manufacturers 'guidelines. Periodical Medical Examination (PME) of all workers by a Medical Officer First Aid facility will be provided at the mine site. Close surveillance of the factors in working environment and work practices which may affect environment and worker’s health. Working of mine as per approved mining plan and environmental plans.
Reporting of environmental performance with reference to the EMP will be undertaken. The Environmental Monitoring Cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programmes at site and data thus generated will be furnished as per statutory requirements. The frequency of reporting will be on six monthly bases to the State PCB and to Regional Office of MoEF&CC, New Delhi.
6.3.1 Public Health Implication With the mitigation measures in relation to air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination and noise pollution proposed to be adopted at the mine site along with the green belt development on the periphery of mine lease boundary, it is expected that there will be no impact of mining on the population in the impact zone. However, the following measures shall be adopted:
Health check-up of all villagers in the immediate vicinity of the mine shall be carried out periodically.
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In case any person or a group of persons is found to be suffering from any ailment, directly related to mining, their medical treatment will be carried out free of cost. Surface water management shall be adopted to ensure that run-off from the mining are does not adversely affect natural water streams or other water bodies. All water bodies e.g. wells and surface water sources in the vicinity of the mine, shall be periodically tested for any pollution related to mining operations and remedial action taken, if warranted. Operators of all transport vehicles shall be instructed not to honk unnecessarily while passing through villages or near schools.
6.4 Corporate Environmental Responsibility TATA Chemicals Limited is committed for contributing towards a clean and sustainable environment and continually enhancing the environmental performance as an integral part of the business philosophy and values.
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ADDITIONAL STUDIES Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 7- ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.0 Additional Studies As per EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006, as amended from time to time, the Expert Appraisal Committee has suggested various Terms of Reference (ToR) for the preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) vide their letter no. J-11015/100/2018-IA.II(M) dated 09-10-2018. The following Additional Studies were carried out as per Terms of Reference: 1. Public Hearing 2. Risk Assessment and 3. Disaster Management Plan
7.1 Public Hearing Public Hearing of “M/s Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine (Mine Lease Area: 12.27 Ha) of M/s Tata Chemicals Limited” for Proposed expansion of Limestone mining from 14,000 MTPA to 1,75,000 MTPA, at Village Aniali, Ta. Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar was conducted on 26th March, 2021 at 12:00 hrs at M/s Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine, (M/s Tata Chemicals Limited), Crusher Area, Opp. Office of Tata Chemicals, Survey No. 207/P, Village. Aniali, Ta.Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar.
Particular Description Advertisement for Public Hearing Public hearing advertisement in English was Date of Advertisement in published in “Times of India” dated Newspapers 24/02/2021 and in Gujarati in “Divya Name of Newspapers Bhaskar” dated 24/02/2021. Date/Time of Public Hearing 26th March,2021 at 12:00 hrs Venue M/s Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine, (M/s Tata Chemicals Limited), Crusher Area, Opp. Office of Tata Chemicals, Survey No. 207/P, Village. Aniali, Ta.Ranavav, Dist: Porbandar. Members Smt. K.N Parmer, Regional Officer, GPCB, Jamnagar as Representative of the Member Secretary, GPCB
Shri D.N Modi, IAS, District Collector & District Magistrate, Porbandar
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Public Hearing Notice for Limestone Mine published in Gujrati News Paper (“Divya Bhaskar” dated 24/02/2021”) and National Daily English News Paper (“The Times of India” dated 24/02/2021)
Figure 7.1 Public Hearing Notice
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Figure 7.2: Photographs of Public Hearing
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Figure 7.3: Public Hearing proceedings
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The statement showing representation made by people present during the public hearing and responded to, by the representative of the applicant during public hearing are as under.
Sr. No. Name and address Points represented Reply from the Budgetary Project Proponent provision with timeframe 1 Shri Dahiya Bhai I support this project because I Thank You Dahiya - Hun, Village – believe people of Aniyali and Bhai for your kind Aniyali, surrounding villages will be support of the Ta: Ranavav, benefited. project. Dis: Porbandar 2 Shri Sanga Bhai Jiva Before 4-5 years the project, the Thank you Sanga Initiatives for Bhai More, Deputy area was covered by Rambawalia Bhai for your kind employment and Sarpanch, Village – (Thorns). After start of this support of the livelihood generation Ranabordi, project and mining activity, project is already taken up Ta: Ranavav, ground water level has increased and will be looked Dis: Porbandar due to accumulation of water in after in future the mined out pit and subsequently, the quality of ground water has also improved. Similarly, unemployed and unskilled people have got employment. The company has developed green belt, resulting in the improve of the environment. Green belt is the need of the time. Company has developed remarkable greenbelt. This company has done social work such as constructing check dams, arranging skill development programs for unskilled workers through which many of the villagers got employment. Similarly, truck driver residing nearby villages will get employment so we welcome this project. By CSR activities and DMF grants the area of these villages and this area are likely to develop for that, I support the project. 3 Shri Dharmesh Bhai Respected Sir, mines of company Thank You - Shardul Bhai are in operation for 4-5 years Dharmesh Bhai for Makwana, Village – which resulted in the your kind support of Ranavav, employment opportunity for the the project. Ta: Ranavav, local people. Sufficient rain Dis: Porbandar water accumulated in the scientifically mined out pit which resulted in the rise of the ground water and it has benefited to the downstream agriculture. During
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the course of mining activity, the company develops green belt and support in the required social activities. We hope that, this will continue in future. Therefore, I support the project for Environmental Clearance. 4 Shri Samir Bhai We support this project of Thank you Samir - Narendra Bhai company for obtaining Bhai for your kind Aggarwal, Village – Environment clearance in support of the Daulatgarh, Capacity Expansion. project Ta: Ranavav, Dis: Porbandar 5 Shri Vania Govind People of this area as well as Thank you Govind The support will be Bhai Lakha Bhai, nearby village people got Bhai for your kind continued in future Village – Daulatgarh, benefitted due to organisation of support of the also Ta: Ranavav, medical camp for last 3-4 years project Dis: Porbandar by company. If I happen to speak in particular to my village, company distributed food packets to the needy people during the lockdown of covid-19, which is appreciable. Furthermore, damaged village road were immediately repaired by the company during the monsoon or at needed hours as per requirement. Therefore, I support this project. Jai Hind. 6 Shri Deva Bhai Jetha Company is working for 4-5 Thank you Deva Employment and Bhai, Village – years. This is beneficial for Bhai for your kind skill upgradation is Vadwala, employment and beneficial for support of the part of CER Ta: Ranavav, small persons. I, hereby support project provision. Dis: Porbandar the project. 7 Shri Mahesh Bhai I am working as a contractor for Thank you Mahesh - DayabhaiDavada, this company for long time. I Bhai for your kind Village – Ranavav, hope that the employment will support of the Ta: Ranavav, continue in future also. I am project Dis: Porbandar hopeful for start of the project and employment will continue in future also. 8 Shri I am requesting to the collector to Thank you Nimawat - SashikantNimawat, approve this project for which we Bhai for your kind Village – Ranabordi have gathered here. Because of support of the Ta: Ranavav, this, people of the two – three project Dis: Porbandar villages, namely – Ranabordi, Daulatgarh and Aniyali will be benefitted. On getting approval of this project people of our village will be employed. Furthermore, this company is doing very good work in organising medical camps, distribution of kits during lockdown due to COVID pandemic and repairing of roads.
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On behalf of my village and from my side, I request for approval of this project. With this, I conclude my submission. 9 Shri Bharat Bhai, Employment opportunity will Thank you Bharat - Village – Odadar, start on onset of this project, Bhai for your kind Ta: Ranavav, benefit for water is expected. support of the Dis: Porbandar Company has done distribution project. of food packets in Covid pandemic and conducted social activities frequently and I am hopeful that the same will continue. Jai Hind Jai Bharat 10 Shri Jiva Bhai Ala Employment opportunity will Thank you Jiva Bhai Bhai Kodiyatar, develop on the onset of the for your kind Village – Bapodhar, project. I support this project. support of the Ta: Ranavav, Thank You. project. Dis: Porbandar 11 Shri Jagdish Bhai I am thankful of this project. Thank you Jagdish Karshan Bhai, Village Bhai for your kind – Amardhar, support of the Ta: Ranavav, project Dis: Porbandar
As per the MOEF&CC's office memo no. F NO 22-65/2017-IA-III dated 01/05/2018. (Attached as Annexure XIV), Aniali Rana Bordi Mining Project has a total project cost is Rs. 75.0 Lakhs which is less than Rs. 100 Crores. As per above notification, 1% of the project cost is applicable for CER budget for brownfield projects. In the same context it has proposed to provide financial assistance of Rs. 75,000 for the development of social infrastructure of the area.
Table 7.1: Community Environmental Responsibility plan Sr. No Activity Total budgetary provision (Rs.) 1 Environmental awareness programme 10,000 2 Environmental conservation display to improve water 15,000 conservation and skill upgradation for employment opportunities 3 Installation of Central R.O. System in nearby villages 20,000 4 Construction of separate toilets for boys and girls in 30,000 village schools and installation of sanitary napkin vending machine in schools and providing aids for covid-19 relief 75,000
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7.2 Risk Assessment The complete mining operation will be carried out under the management control and direction of a qualified mine’s manager. The DGMS have been regularly issuing standing orders, model standing orders and circulars to be followed by the mine’s management in case of disaster, if any. Moreover, mining staff will be sent to refresher courses from time to time to keep them alert. However, following natural/industrial hazards may occur during normal operation. Accident due to operation of heavy mining equipment; and Accidents due to fires
In order to take care of above hazard/disasters, the following control measures will be adopted: All safety precautions and provisions of Mine Act 1952, Metalliferrous Mines Regulations 1961 and Mines Rules 1955 will be strictly followed during all mining operations; Entry of unauthorized persons in the mining area will be prohibited; Firefighting and first-aid provisions in the mine’s office complex and mining area; Provisions of all the safety appliances such as safety boots, helmets, goggles etc. will be made available to the employees free of cost for their use; Training programs for all the employees working in hazardous premises; under Mines Vocational Training Rules all employees of mines shall have to undergo the training at a regular interval; Working of mine, as per approved plans and regularly updating the mine plans; Cleaning of mine faces will be regularly done; Regular maintenance and testing of all mining equipment as per manufacturer’s guidelines; Suppression of dust on the haulage roads and loading & unloading points; Increasing the awareness of safety and disaster through competitions, posters and other similar drives.
The methodology for the risk assessment is based on the specific risk assessment guidance issued by the Directorate General of Mine Safety (DGMS), Dhanbad, vide Circular No.13 of 2002, dated 31st December, 2002. The DGMS risk assessment process is intended to identify existing and probable hazards in the work environment and all operations and assess the risk levels of those hazards in order to prioritize those that need immediate attention. Further, mechanisms responsible for these hazards are identified and their control measures, set to timetable are recorded along with the pinpointed responsibilities. In the unlikely event that a consequence has occurred, disaster management kicks in. This includes instituting procedures pertaining to a number of issues such as communication, rescue, and rehabilitation. These are addressed in the disaster management plan. Both, the RA and DMP, are living documents and need to be updated whenever there are changes in operations, equipment, or procedures. Assessment is all about preventing accidents and taking necessary steps to prevent it from happening.
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Key Definitions
Hazard: Source of potential harm, injury, or loss.
Consequence: Size of the loss or damage. In terms of health and safety, it is the degree of harm that could be caused to people exposed to the hazard, the potential severity of injuries or ill health and / or the number of people who could be potentially affected. Consequence of a hazard need not only be in terms of safety criteria but could also be in terms of a money loss, incurred costs, loss of production, environmental impacts as well as public outrage.
Risk: Combination of the likelihood of a specific unwanted event and the potential consequences if it should occur.
Risk Assessment: Is a process that involves measurement of risk to determine priorities and to enable identification of appropriate level of risk treatment (used also to describe the overall process of risk management).
Risk Management: Overall description of the steps taken to manage risk, by identifying hazards and implementing controls in the workplace.
Emergency: A situation of process deviation that, if uncontrolled, may lead to a major accident /disaster with potential short term and/or long term risk damage consequence to life and property in and/or around the workplace.
Disaster: A catastrophic consequence of a major emergency / accident that leads to not only extensive damage to life and property, but also disrupts all normal human activity for a significant period of time and requires a major national and / or international effort for rescue and rehabilitation of those affected.
Scope of Risk Assessment Study The scope of work for risk and safety studies in mine is as follows:
1. Hazard Identification It includes study of safety issues pertaining to the project 2. Identification of Hazard Scenarios Identification of scenarios that can cause damage to life & property is as follows:
7.2.1 Blasting Most of the accidents from blasting occur due to the projectiles, as they may sometimes go even beyond the danger zone, mainly due to overcharging of the shot-holes or as a result of certain special features of the local ground. Flying rocks are encountered during initial and final blasting
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operations. Vibrations also lead to displacement of adjoining areas. Dust and noise are also problems commonly encountered during blasting operations.
7.2.2 Overburden No overburden will be generated during the mine period.
7.2.3 Heavy Machinery Most of the accidents occur during transportation by tippers/ trucks. Operation of proclaims and ripper dozers and other heavy vehicles are often attributable to mechanical failures and human errors. This can be prevented by regular training of all vehicle/machinery drivers/operators, regular maintenance of equipment and ensuring safe operations.
7.2.4 Storage and use of explosives Proper and safe storage of explosives in approved and Licensed Magazine. Proper, safe and careful handling and use of explosives by competent blasters having Blaster’s Certificate of Competency issued by DGMS. Proper security system to prevent theft/ pilferage, unauthorized entry into Magazine area and checking authorized persons to prevent carrying of match box, lights, mobile phones, cigarette or Bidi etc. Conventional explosives shall be used in their original cartridge packing and such cartridge shall not be cut to remove explosive for making cartridge of different size. Explosives shall be conveyed in special containers. The holes which have been charged with explosives will not be left unattended till blasting is completed. Before starting charging, clear audible warning signals by Sirens will be given so that people nearby can take shelter.
7.2.5 Water Logging Water logging in the mine site can be avoided by adopting following measures: Due care will be taken to provide retaining wall around the pits. Proper drainage will be maintained to eliminate inundation of working pits during rains from run-off water. There is no danger of flood or inundation as the ground level is well below the mining depth, where mining of limestone will be carried out.
7.2.6 Natural resource conservation A green belt will be developed so that minimum soil erosion takes place. In any case the natural habitats of the existing flora and fauna will not be disturbed. Use of traditional knowledge in all aspects of conservation shall be utilized.
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Water conservation techniques will be employed. Time to time analysis of the soil, water resources etc will be done in order to analyze the negative impacts of mining activities on the environment. To prepare management plans for village landscapes, villages to be seen as landscapes of diverse elements such as forests, scrub, grassland, streams/river, ponds etc. The dynamics of the village as an ecosystem to be assessed, corridors to be devised between major natural landscape elements, so as to facilitate movement of species.
7.2.7 Safety Measures Safety Measures at the proposed Open Cast Mining Project The opencast mines have been planned for working with excavator tipper system which requires proper benching not only for slope stability but also for movement of tippers and other heavy machinery. A minimum safe distance of 100-m will be kept between the surface edge of the quarry and the nearest public building, roads etc. All mining operations both within the quarry and outside will be conducted as per the conditions lay down by DGMS and under the strict supervision of competent persons appointed under Metalliferrous Mines Regulations, 1961.
Measures Suggested to Avoid Accidents due to Blasting Blasting will be done during the lunch interval, i.e. from 1.00 to 2.00 pm. Blasting will be done by qualified blaster/mining mates under the supervision of mines manager. Holes will be drilled in square/scattered pattern. Shot firing will be usually done with the help of safety fuse & ordinary detonator/ electric shot firing with delay detonators as per requirement. Adequate shelters or other protective structures shall be provided to the workers at all times; The shot fired shall give sufficient warning by effective signal over the entire area falling within a radius of 500 m Blasting time is generally fixed after consultation with neighboring mines after the working shift-taking all required precautions, like marking the danger zone of 500 m with red flags, use of warning signals & providing blasting shelters etc.
Measures to Prevent Accidents due to Trucks and Tippers All transportation within the main working area should be carried out under the direct supervision and control of the management; The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once a week by a competent person authorized for this purpose by the management; Broad signs should be provided at each and every turning point especially for the guidance of the drivers of vehicles.
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To avoid dangers while reversing the trackless vehicles, especially at the embankment and tripping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should, as far as possible, be made man free, and there should be a light and sound device to indicate reversing of trucks; and A statutory provision of the fence, constant education, training etc. will go a long way in reducing the incidence of such accidents.
7.3 Disaster Management Plan 7.3.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation and restoration of production. For effective implementation of the Disaster Management Plan, it should be widely circulated and personnel training should be given. The objective of the Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the mine and the outside services to achieve the following: Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties; Safeguard other people; Minimize damage to property and the environment; Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control; Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; and Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency. In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.
7.3.2 Disaster Management and Risk assessment Risk assessment with respect to high accidents like landslides, subsidence, flood, inundation, fire seismic activities, tailing dam failure etc. are as follows:
Landslide The mining lease area belongs to almost flat topography. The nature of limestone deposit is almost flat type having no overburden which makes the chances of landslide/failure of slope insignificant. However, the bench slope angle will be maintained at 800 and width of benches will be kept more than the height to arrest the boulders failing from the bench slope.
Subsidence The mining will be done by opencast method by using HEMM and no underground working exists in the area. Detailed exploration work carried out which shows that rock types available in the area are compact and massive so chances of subsidence will be insignificant.
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Seismic Activities: Many part of the Indian subcontinent have historically high seismicity. Seven catastrophic earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8 (Richter scale) have occurred in the western, northern, and eastern parts of India and adjacent countries in the past 100 years. By contrast, peninsular India is relatively less seismic, having suffered only infrequent earthquakes of moderate strength. The main seismogenic belts are associated with the collision plate boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The project site as well as study area lies in Zone III of seismic Zoning map, and thus can be said to be located in an area of moderate seismic hazard by national standards. Hence, the risk of earthquake at the site persists through there has been no incident in the near past.
Tailing dam failure The limestone (ROM) for use in Soda-Ash Plant & Cement Plant does not require any beneficiation unlike the other materials. Thus no tailing will be generated and no tailing dam is requiring to be maintained.
Flood With the previous year's meteorological data, no flood situation was observed in the area. However, in unforeseen flood situation, workers will be shifted to highest elevation point for safety purpose.
Fire Fire is a likely/common hazard associated with working of diesel powered HEMM in mines. The sources of fire in mines could be source of ignition such as high temperature, electrical short circuiting, welding and cutting operations in vicinity of flammable material like diesel, hydraulic oil, transmission oil, lubricant & grease, poor quality maintenance of spares like hoses, electrical parts etc and poor housekeeping. Measures proposed to be taken for prevention of fire are as under: Mining machines are being maintained leakage free to obviate occurrence of fire. Due care will be taken in maintenance of electric wiring, non-inflammable material Good housekeeping practices is being adopted in oil room and working area. Auto and portable fire extinguishers is being provided on all equipment. All the operators have been trained to use the extinguishers in case of emergency.
Sufficient fire extinguishers will be installed at selected locations such as mine office, garage, stores etc. Besides, sufficient water hydrants with sufficient length of hosepipes will be made available on the surface for fire protection.
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7.3.3 On-Site Disaster Management Plan The objective of on-site disaster management plan for the captive mine is to be in a state of perpetual readiness through training development to immediately control and arrest any emergency situation so as to avert a full-fledged disaster and the consequences of human and property damage and in the event of a disaster still occurring to manage the same so that the risk of the damage to life and property is minimized.
The contact person details in case of emergency:- 1. Shri C.M. Dwivedi (HOD Mines) M/s TATA Chemicals Limited Ranavav Quarries, P.O. Ranavav, Taluka- Ranavav District Porbandar, Gujarat-360550
2. Shri Balram Singh (Mining Manager) M/s TATA Chemicals Limited Ranavav Quarries, P.O. Ranavav, Taluka- Ranavav District Porbandar, Gujarat-360550
3. Shri Mayank Srivastava (Deputy Mining Manager) M/s TATA Chemicals Limited Ranavav Quarries, P.O. Ranavav, Taluka- Ranavav District Porbandar, Gujarat-360550
Emergency Medical Facilities An ambulance with driver availability in all the shifts, emergency shift vehicle would be ensured and maintained to transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons would be trained in first aid so that, in every shift first aid personnel would be available. First aid Basic items in a first aid kit consist of items listed in Table 7.2 will be available at the mine site.
Table 7.2: Items in First Aid Kit S.No Description Quantity 1 First aid leaflet 1 copy 2 Sterilized finger dressing 1 0 nos. 3 Sterilized hand or foot dressing 10 nos. 4 Sterilized body or large dressing 6 nos.
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5 Sterilized burns dressing - small 4 nos. 6 Sterilized burns dressing - large 2 nos. 7 Sterilized burns dressing – extra large 6 nos. 8 Sterilized cotton wool (25 gm) 2 tubes 9 Cetavolon (28 gm) 2 tubes 10 Eye pads 6 nos. 11 Adhesive plaster 1 spool 12 Assorted roller bandage 6 nos. 13 Triangular bandages 6 nos. 14 Safety pins 6 nos. 15 Scissors, ordinary, 12.7cms, both sides sharp 1 pair 16 Savlon liquid, 150 ml, or equivalent 2 nos. 17 Cotton wool for padding, 100 gm 2 packets 18 Eye Ointment of sulphacetamide preparation 1 tube 19 Loose woven gauze 128"x8", compressed pack 1 packet 20 Aspirin, 300 mg (10 tablets) 5 strips 21 Scribbling Pad, 4"x 6" with a pencil in a plastic 1 no. 22 Adhesive dressing strips cover 10 strips 23 Field dressing of modified army pattern 3 nos. 24 Record cards in a plastic cover 1 set 25 Torch, medium size without cells 1 no. 26 Eye Wash 1 no. 27 Wooden splints, small 1 set 28 Wooden splints, big 1 set
Treatment of affected persons Injured / Affected persons shall be provided suitable first-aid treatment and sent to Co.'s Doctor for further treatment depending on injury. Patients requiring further treatment shall be sent in Ambulances to Hospitals in Porbandar. Patients suffering from minor problems shall be discharged and sent home after preliminary treatment.
Rehabilitation & Resettlement As there is no habitation within mine lease area no Rehabilitation & Resettlement required. However, Aniali Rana Bordi limestone mine is committed towards development of the surrounding area.
Corporate Social Responsibility Central to the corporate philosophy of TATA Chemicals is its passionate commitment to the social development of the communities in which it operates. Improving the quality of life and
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fostering sustainable and integrated development in the communities where it operates is central to TATA Chemicals corporate philosophy. This objective of social responsibility is equally well-entrenched in the minds of its employees, who play an active part in providing financial support and empowering rural communities to chart their own development.
TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL) set up the TATA Chemicals Society for Rural Development (TCSRD) in 1980 to promote its social objectives for the communities in and around its facilities is located.
The Society works to protect and nurture the rural populations in and around TCL's facilities, and helps people achieve self-sufficiency in natural resource management, livelihood support and the building of health and education infrastructure.
TATA Chemicals Society for Rural Development (TCSRD) – that works towards holistic community development, including managing water, land and other natural resources, encouraging enterprise development, and promoting health and education. TCSRD is on track to achieve its goal of impacting the lives of a million of people by 2019.Broadly, the community development initiatives are divided into six thematic areas:
Natural resource management (NRM): this includes program on integrated water management; agriculture development; land reclamation; animal husbandry program and pond management Environmental care and conservation: this includes Dharti Ko Arpan program initiated by TCSRD Empowerment: this includes formation of self-help groups,; saksham and volunteering program Livelihood development: this includes vocational training; group based enterprise; rural entrepreneur development program and traditional handicraft promotion enterprise. Health and Education: this includes Swasth Aangan project and other health awareness program. While in the education various initiatives are undertaken to enhance the education status in all the three locations. Infrastructure development support: this includes various infrastructure support structure being provided to improve the standard of living of the rural communities in and around its mine site Company has well laid down policy for Community Development and Social Accountability. Policies are detailed as below:
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Community Development Policy: TATA Chemicals Limited pledges itself to care for and serve the community by: Designing, evolving and implementing sustainable, replicable and scalable development models, that leads to measurable socio-economic development of the community and ecological development in its area of influence, Involving the community in all stages of the process, in the true spirit of participatory development. Having focused and transparent processes, that provides for equal opportunity, while improving the quality of life. Partnering and networking with government, development agencies, corporate bodies and NGOs to implement appropriate community development programs. Creating knowledge resource centers to transfer and share information and help build capacities of partners and the community. Involving the employees in volunteering for community development programs.
Social Accountability Policy: It is our policy to conduct our business in a socially responsible manner by complying with all the requirements of SA 8000 standard. To that end we are committed to:
Comply with applicable state, national and international legislations, ILO and UN conventions on ethical business. Continual improvement in our performance through management reviews, open communications and providing a favorable employment environment. Actively promote and encourage the pursuit of ethical excellence not only within the company but also amongst our suppliers and customers.
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M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Page 244 CHAPTER-8
PROJECT BENEFITS Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 8- PROJECT BENEFITS
8.0 General TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL) was founded in 1939. It is a global company with interests in businesses that focus on LIFE - living industrial and farming essentials. TATA Chemicals Limited currently is the world's third largest producer of soda ash with manufacturing facilities in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America.
Various benefits are envisaged while planning for the mining of Limestone at village Aniali. This chapter gives a comprehensive description of various advantages and benefits anticipated from the proposed project to the locality, neighborhood, region and nations a whole.
Lime stone is very important chemical mineral and is the principal raw material for the production of soda ash and clinker for cement, etc. The need for mining of the chemical grade limestone from the project (mine lease area) has arisen to meet the current situation of demand supply gap faced by company.
Limestone Mining is a very important economic activity in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Chemical Grade Limestone is mainly found in this region. This high purity lime stone is essential for soda ash manufacturing. For soda ash industry to remain competitive, availability of chemical grade lime stone in nearby area is extremely important. The Soda Ash based limestone mining industry contributes significantly to the State Gross Domestic Product and provides direct employment to about 7500 laborers. Additional jobs are created by way of transportation and related jobs, ancillary to mining. Subject mine lease aims to augment the limestone supply to TCL, Mithapur.
The products of TCL's Mithapur plant, especially soda ash, are a vital input for a number of basic industries such as glass, pulp and paper, chemicals and detergents, besides others. Consequently, this project aims at keeping many of the key industries within the country well supplied with an essential raw material. At present, the company's annual requirement for chemical grade limestone is about 16.0lacsMT (ROM), of which, 1.30 million tones are sourced from captive mines and the balance from domestic and overseas merchants. To cater the limestone requirement for the soda ash plant, the company is importing chemical grade limestone from the Gulf countries in the range of 6.0 to 7.0 lacs tonne per annum. The gap between the annual demand and the quantity of RoM received from captive mines is substantial and thus the company intends to bridge this gap by winning limestone from the proposed expansion project. The proposed expansion project is expected to bring down the imports.
Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project is a mine lease holded by M/s TATA Chemicals Ltd. It is an existing mine. The existing production capacity of the mine is 14000
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TPA. EC has been granted for 14000 TPA in the year 2015. Now TCL wants to expand the production of Aniali mine from 14,000 to 1, 75000 TPA of Limestone. The proposed expansion project is for mining of limestone; it shall have no major impact on surrounding environment. The under sized material generated during the production after manual sizing or mechanized sizing will be send to TCL's own cement plant at Mithapur. The company's Mithapur plant is awarded an ISO-14001 certification and also the Chemicals Division is awarded the ISO-9001- 2015 Quality Management System. This project will help in improvement of social, economic and environment structure, which will initiate sustainable development.
8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure As it is a captive limestone mine, it will have direct and indirect impacts to improve physical infrastructure in nearby community. The impact on the civic amenities after the commencement of mining activities is likely to be substantial. The basic requirements of the community needs will be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township for the community, providing drinking water to the villages, building/strengthening of existing roads in the area. TCL will initiate the above amenities either by providing or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of the local communities. Medical facilities will be provided in the form of first-aid facility at the mine site. These medical facilities will also be available to local people in the surroundings in case of emergencies.
The project will improve the physical infrastructure of the adjoining areas. This will include the following:-
Improved road communication; Strengthening of existing community facilities through the existing Community Development Programme; Awareness program and community activities, like health camps, medical aids, family welfare programs, immunization camp, sports & cultural activities, plantation etc. Mine pits will be re-grassed
8.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure The proposed expansion project is expected to provide employment to local people in different activities such as Mining, sizing, transportation and plantation activities. The project activity will not have any major impact on the environment. At Post mining stage of proposed project, the existing waste land shall be converted to water harvesting bodies and green belts.
Generation of employment and improved standard of living; Increased revenue to the State by way of royalty, taxes and duties Superior communication and transport facilities etc. In addition to above, due to increase in purchasing power of local habitants:
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There will be significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area. The proposed expansion project will enhance the prospects of employment. Recruitment for the unskilled and semiskilled workers for the proposed project will be from nearby villages. The development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation, electricity, drinking water, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment, etc. will be developed as far as possible. Overall the project will change living standards of the people and improve the socio- economic conditions of the area. Also the company's Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives will have a positive impact on socio economic fabric of the region.
8.3 Employment Potential Future production planning does not indicate some change from present, in the employment. There are already 28 workers engaged with this mine. Due to expansion, additional 15 workers will be required to achieve the targeted production. TCL will employ 43 miners for mining of ore, quarry cleaning & road repairing. The details of employment are given in Chapter-2 as well. The local labors shall be engaged for sizing of limestone and loading and handling of mineral in mining area, besides, watch and ward and plantation activity with proper maintenance. Beside this, TCL shall engage skilled and managerial staff to meet the statutory requirement under MMR 1961 and MCDR 1988. The employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of project will upgrade the prosperity of the region. These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the area. In addition to the above, contractual labors and indirect employment opportunities will also be getting benefited after installation of mining project.
8.4 Socio-economic benefits The benefits of mining activity will be similar to any industrial set-up. There will be opportunities of direct and indirect employments to the locals. As mentioned earlier there will be around 43 personnel, most of them will be skilled or semi-skilled & unskilled workers. Total 90% staff will be employed from the local villages. The indirect employment will be far reaching.
8.5 Tangible Social Benefits There will be positive impact in socio-economic area due to increased economic activities, creation of new employment opportunities, infrastructural development and better educational and health facilities.
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a) Health Programs Company will undertake awareness program and community activities like health camps, medical aids, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness program etc. Periodic medical checkups as per Mines Act/ Rules and other social development and promotional activities will be undertaken. All this, will assist to lift the general health status of the residents of the area around mine. b) Plantation Program Since this is an existing mine, a massive plantation has been done in the mine area so far and lot many are proposed to mitigate the ill-effects of mining and to improve the vicinity and environment of mine and its surrounding area. The management will give emphasis on plantation and will also motivate local persons for plantation during rainy season. This will also increase the consciousness in workers and near-by villagers for greenery. Fruit trees can contribute towards their financial gains.
8.6 Other Benefits Apart from all the above mentioned benefits there will be other benefits to the region in terms of up gradation of lifestyle, overall area development etc.
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M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Page 248 CHAPTER-9
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 9- ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.1 General The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the study area. This chapter covers cause of pollution, main source of pollution, nature of pollution with proposed mitigation measures for that pollution. This chapter consists of the set of mitigation, management, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of the project, to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. Overall objective of Environment Management Plan is as following: To reduce generation of pollutants due to various mining activity Overall conservation of environment Proper use of natural resources Minimization of waste generation and pollution Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace Ensure effective operation of all control measures Monitoring of cumulative and longtime impacts Ensure effective operation of all control measures
9.2 Environment Management System 9.2.1 Policy Company has a well laid down Safety Health and Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors. The Policy prescribes for comply with all applicable safety, health and environment laws and regulations.
Safety,Health and Environment Policy Tata Chemicals is upholding its position as a leader in the industry by conducting all its activities in a manner that is protective of the environment and in ensuring the health and safety of its employees, contractors, visitors and the community around which it operates. These include all manufacturing locations, offices, research laboratories, sales and distribution points and warehouses. To fulfill this commitment, continuing effort is maintained to:- Achieve ZERO HARM by following world class standards of SHE Management Systems, Responsible Care initiatives, Process Safety Management, good maintenance practices,. enhancement strategies for the environment and prevention of pollution Enhance Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) awareness, competency and responsibility among our employees and associated stakeholders including contractor / transport personnel, valued customers through effective communication. training and demonstrated performance to achieve ZERO HARM - Zero Harm to People, Zero Harm to Assets and Zero Harm to Environment
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Comply and endeavor to exceed with all applicable safety, health and environmental laws and regulations to set highest standards Integrate SHE considerations into business planning and decision making without compromise in pursuit of commercial advantage Embody principles of product stewardship by enhancing health, safety, environmental and social impacts of products and services across their lifecycles Proactively reduce our risks through risk assessment, process improvements, periodic SHE audits the investigation of all workplace and process safety incidents and illnesses and closure of findings to promptly correct any unsafe conditions and / or practices Make SHE performance an important parameter that would govern key decisions around employee life cycle or continued business relations as applicable Increase shareholder value through SHE excellence This policy shall be periodically reviewed in order to ensure its alignment to the business and all applicable regulatory requirements and shall be communicated to all concerned and on request be made available to the public as well.
9.2.2 Standard Operating Procedures M/s TATA Chemicals Ltd. conforms to the standard operating procedures for legal and quality system. All sites in India are certified to ISO 9001 (Quality Management System), ISO 14001 (Environment Management System) & OSHAS 18001 (Occupational Safety &Health Assessment System).
9.2.3 Environment Cell Company has well established Environmental Management System which is headed by General Manager- Safety, Health & Environment. Company has implemented online Legal Compliance Management System with well-defined compliance owners. The system generates email alerts for meeting compliances and has inbuilt escalation mechanism to keep the senior management informed on compliance updates.
Hierarchical System for environmental compliance TCL has instituted a system of periodic compliance reviews at all levels in the organization (from MD to the Geologist-in-charge & Assistant Manager Environment). Compliance with EC Conditions will be part of the compliance reviews. As per the Figure 9.1, the Managing Director is responsible for day to day management of the company. The Vice President Manufacturing at Mithapur reports to Chief Operating Officer India Chemical Business who intern reports to Managing Director. The VP Manufacturing conducts a quarterly review of all environmental matters including related compliances. The General Manager Mines and General Manager Safety, Health & Environment and report to the VP Manufacturing and are responsible for mining and environmental related compliances respectively.
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Managing Director
Chief Operating Officer-Indian Chemical Business
Vice President- Mithapur
General Manger-Safety, Health & General Manager-Mines Environment
Sr. Manager Mines Manager Environment
Manager / Deputy Manager Dy. Manager/Asst. Manager Mines Environment
Figure 9.1: Hierarchal System of TATA Chemicals Ltd, Mines
9.2.4 Public Reporting Company publishes Corporate Governance Report as part of Annual Financial Reporting. The corporate governance philosophy of the Company has been strengthened with the adoption of the TATA Code of Conduct, TATA Business Excellence Model, and Code of Corporate Disclosure Policies. The Company, through its Board and Committees, endeavors to strike and deliver the highest governing standards for the benefit of its stakeholders. Audit committee of Board of Directors ensures Company's compliance with the legal and regulatory requirements and the TATA Code of Conduct (TCOC).
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9.3 Proposed Environmental Management Plan The environment management plan is prepared with a view to facilitate effective environmental management of the project, in general and implementation of the mitigation measures in particular. The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each impact or operation, which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:
A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions); The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action; The timing for implementation of action to ensure the objectives of mitigation is fully met. In order to minimize impacts of mining on different environmental parameters and to keep air and water quality within prescribed limits of CPCB, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. This will help in resolving all environmental and ecological issues due to mining in the area. The environmental management plan includes all preventive as well as mitigation measures to minimize impact on environment along-with reclamation and rehabilitation measures form in and out land.
9.3.1 Air Pollution Management and Control Overall Air quality of the lease area in the buffer zone is well within permissible limit. Dust emissions due to mineral handling, during mining operations are not much and restricted to the lease area only. Air pollution is caused mainly due to dust generation added with gaseous emission from transportation activities along with mining operations like, loading, unloading haulage etc.
9.3.1.1 Control of Fugitive Emissions Drilling and blasting is occasional and wet drilling is proposed along with controlled blasting. Use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) like dust masks, ear plugs etc.by the mine workers. Regular water sprinkling on haul roads & loading points will be carried out. Development of green belt/plantation around the lease boundary, roads, etc. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring will be conducted on regularly basis to assess the quality of ambient air.
9.3.1.2 Prevention and control of Gaseous Pollution In mining activities, the sources of gaseous emissions would be vehicular movement, loading & unloading of mineral etc.
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Proper maintenance of machines improves combustion process and makes reduction in the pollution. Good maintenance and monitoring of fuel and oil will not allow significant addition in the gaseous emission.
Table 9.1: Air Pollution Management and Control Potential Action Parameters for Timing Impact Monitoring Air All equipment are operated Random checks of During site clearing Emissions within specified design equipment logs/ &Operation of mine parameters. manuals
Vehicle trips to be minimized Vehicle logs / Increase During site clearing, to the extent possible the capacity of vehicle &Operation of mine
Topsoil (if any) must be Absence of stockpiles During site clearing removed from the entire area to be mined and stored from where it can be recovered and utilized immediately in other areas. Ensure regular checks of Pollution under control During operation of vehicular pollution certificate of vehicle mine. Covering of Vehicles No of Trucks with During operation of transporting the mined mineral covering / Random mine. checks of trucks on roads Plantation of dense hedges on No ofSaplings per year During each year the boundary of lease area, from operations till these will reduce dust and closure as per noise in the vicinity area. approved mining plan Use proper drill bits for Random check of During blast hole drilling holes and wet drilling equipment used for drilling method. drilling Regular water spraying shall Quantity of water During site clearing, be done requirement shall be transportation etc. monitored
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Ambient air quality within the The ambient air quality As per GPCB premises of the pro- posed unit will conform to the requirement. to be monitored. standards for SPM, SO2and NOX
9.3. 2 Noise Pollution Management and Control 9.3.2.1 Noise Abattement and Control Following measures like proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals will be practiced to reduce the generation of noise. Adequate silencers will be provided in all the diesel engines. Plantation along the sides of approach roads and mine area will be followed to minimize the propagation of noise. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided to all operators and employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone. Periodical noise level monitoring will be done.
Table 9.2: Noise Pollution Management and Control Potential Action Parameters for Timing Impact Monitoring Noise List of all noise generating Equipment logs, During mining machinery onsite along with age to noise reading operation. be prepared. Equipment to be maintained in good working order. Generation of vehicular noise Maintenance During records of transportation. vehicles Implement good working practices Site working During blasting (equipment selection and siting) to practices records, minimize noise and also reduce its noise reading impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe distances and enclosures).Adopt good blasting practices to reduce impact on flora and fauna. Muffling will be done at the time of blasting
Noise to be monitored in ambient air Noise reading As per GPCB near blasting shelter and at the lease requirement or boundaries. quarterly The Noise level should not exceed the whichever is permissible limit both during day and earlier. night time.
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All equipment operated within Random checks of During mining specified design parameters. equipment logs/ operation manuals Vehicle trips to be minimized to the Vehicle logs During mining extent possible operation
Plantation of dense hedges on the No of Saplings per During Each year boundary of lease area, these will Year from operations till reduce dust and noise in the vicinity closure as per area. approved mining plan Ground Good blasting layout must be adopted. Vibrations to be At the time of Vibrations Adopting less number of holes per modeled blasting or based due to delay on the blasting data
9.3.2.2 Control of Noise, Vibration and fly rock during blasting Following control measures shall be taken to reduce noise pollution due to mining activity.
Drilling will be done with sharp drill bits, which reduces generation of noise during drilling. Controlled Blasting will be carried out to minimize noise generation. Hydraulic Rock breaker will be used to avoid secondary blasting. Blasting with optimum charge per hole and use of milli-second delay detonators reduces generation of noise. In order to reduce the effect of noise pollution, earmuffs will be provided to all operators and employees working at mining site as a safety measure. Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals will be done to reduce generation of noise. Periodical monitoring of noise level near vicinity of operating mining machines and at some locations in the surrounding area of mine working will be done with the help of sound level meter & records will be maintained. Silencers and mufflers on mining equipment, wherever required, will be properly fitted and maintained. Drilling &blasting parameters shall be optimized so as to cause the minimal vibration and fly rock. Secondary blasting shall be avoided.
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9.3.3 Water Pollution Management and Control 9.3.3.1 Surface water management There is no river stream, nallas or any other water body passing through the lease area. During rains some natural drains may flow in the area. Moreover the possibility of surface water contamination due to erosion and runoff from the mine is already stroked out as there is practically no soil and no waste will be produced from the mine. The surface run off during the rainy season will be prevented from entering into the active pits.
9.3.3.2 Ground water management The average depth (m) of the water table based on the observations from nearby wells is given below: Max. Water Table(mRL) Min. Water Table(mRL) 10.30 m 13.40 m (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016) The working in the lease area is expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4m deep from surface RL 44mRL as the deposit is in slope of hillock the bottom RL of the pit at the end of mining life will be similar to the general elevation of the area i.e. 40m. Therefore, the mine working will remain much above the water table. At conceptual stage the ultimate depth of pit is expected to be at 44.0mRL Therefore, the groundwater table will not likely to get affected.
9.3.3.3 Details of water conservation measures proposed/Rain water harvesting proposal The quality of ground water near Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project is less likely to be degraded as there are no toxic elements present in limestone mineral which can contaminate the groundwater. However, following measures are proposed to be taken continuously to reduce the adverse impact on water quality – 1. Mining will be done on surface area only and should not go beyond water table. 2. Regular testing of water samples will be carried out. 3. No washing of equipment will be done inside the mining lease areas.
Artificial Recharge and Rain Water Harvesting As per recent MoEF&CC Office Memorandum F.No. 22-34/2018-IA-III issued on 16 January, 2020, it is stated that the excavated area should be re-grassed by the lessee at the conceptual stage of the mine. Moreover, in the approved Mine Plan(dated 14.09.2016), there is a provision mentioned about rainwater harvesting structure in the conceptual stage/ mine closure. The same is also represented in the mine plate shown in Figure 9.2. The mine management will install Roof top harvesting structures in the school or public buildings in nearby villages with prior consent from local gram panchayats to collect rain water and charge to ground through available dug well/ tube well. As the region lacking adequate ground water source, thus the groundwater resources will be conserved for sustainable availability.
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Figure 9.2- Conceptual Plan & Sections
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9.3.4 Land Reclamation and waste management 9.3.4.1 Land use planning and mine closure The reclamation plan, post mine land use and progressive greenbelt development plan as per Approved Mine plan, land use pattern for Pre-operational, Operational and Post- operational phases are given in Table 9.3.
Table 9.3: Stage wise changes in Land use pattern S. Head Area put Additional Total Area Net area No. on use at requirement Area considered as consider start of during plan (ha) fully ed for Mining period (ha) reclaimed and calculati Plan rehabilitated on (ha) (ha) (ha) 1 Area under mining 2.8266 8.4073 11.2339 0 11.2339 2 Storage for top soil 0 0 0 0 0 3 Waste dump site 0 0 0 0 0 4 Mineral storage 0 0 0 0 0 5 Infrastructure – 0 0 0 0 0 workshop, administrative building etc. 6 Roads 0.2812 0 0.2812 0 0.2812 7 Railways 0 0 0 0 0 8 Tailing pond 0 0 0 0 0 9 Effluent Treatment 0 0 0 0 0 Plant 10 Mineral Separation 0 0 0 0 0 Plant 11 Township area 0 0 0 0 0 12 Others (Green Belt) 0 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 Grand Total 3.1078 8.4573 11.5651 0 11.5651 Total 11.5651 Ha out of 12.27 Ha will be put in use area for the next 5 year of mining. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
9.4 Waste Management Top Soil Management Top soil in the lease area is of very thin bed of varying 0.25-0.45 m, which will be used in plantation within the lease area. Following is the year-wise planning for reusing of top soil for plantation purpose.
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Table 9.4: Year Wise Waste Generation (Top Soil, OB/Waste/Mineral reject) Year Top soil (cum) Mineral Rejects (cum) Reuse/Spreading Storage Backfilling Storage* Blending Beneficiation
I 800 Nil Nil 7650 Nil Nil
II 1100 Nil Nil 10800 Nil Nil
III 1250 NA NA 15750 NA NA
IV 850 NA NA 15750 NA NA
Total 4000 Nil Nil Nil Nil NA *The mineral rejects (under sized of Chemical Grade) will be temporary stored inside the lease area before using in cement manufacturing (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
Overburden/waste Management There will be no overburden or waste removal in course of mining and therefore no land needed to be demarcated for such surface dumps and disposal. The inferior grade limestone removes from the inter-bands will be stored temporarily on one side of the quarry to be removed to the cement plant at regular interval.
9.5 Green belt development Greenbelt development programme will be designed within the natural constraints of the site and in particular species selection reflects flora known to be resistant to the local conditions.
Greenbelt development is necessary for: Landscaping and providing shelter Improvement in site conditions Surface air purification by providing oxygen and letting SPM to settle on the leaves. To attenuate noise generation by movement of vehicles and other machinery. To check soil erosion.
The following characteristics will be taken into consideration while selecting plant species for green belt development and tree plantation.
1. They should be local indigenous and drought resistant species. 2. They should be fast growing and tall trees. 3. They should be perennial and evergreen. 4. They should have thick canopy cover.
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5. The planting should be in appropriate alternate rows around the site to prevent lateral pollution dispersion. 6. The trees should maintain regional ecological balance and conform to soil and hydrological conditions. Indigenous species should be preferred. 7. Species will be planted as per CPCB guidelines and native species.
9.5.1 Afforestation programme The mining area is almost flat. A thin layer of top soil 0.25- 0.45 m will be used in plantation within the lease. The slope of benches will be suitable graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The top of the benches shall be properly fenced to prevent fall of cattle/person. As per approved mining plan greenbelt will be developed which would be around in 4.04 Ha. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, workshop, mine office, etc. Local species like Siris, Neem, Kachnar, Kashid, Shisham, Gulmohar, Karanj, Pipal, Drumstick, Imli, Banyan tree, Belpatra etc. will be planted in consultation with the Forest Department as well as CPCB Guidelines for greenbelt development. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation by means of fencing and regular watering to protect from grazing animals and nurture. At the end of the mining lease period, as per MOEF&CC Office Memorandum F. No. 22-34/2018-IA-III dated 16 January, 2020, "the mining lease holder shall, after ceasing mining operations, undertake re-grassing the mining area and any other area which may have been disturbed due to their mining activities and restore the land to a condition which is fit for growth of fodder, flora, fauna etc" The breakup of the proposed afforestation programme with reclamation in progressive manner is given in Table 9.5.
Table-9.5 Year-wise proposal for Plantation and fencing Year Number of saplings to be Fencing around Plantation planted (m) I 2000 90 II 2000 90 III 2000 90 IV 2000 90 V 2000 90
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Figure 9.3: Existing Greenbelt 9.5.2 Post Plantation Care The post plantation care will be an important aspect to be taken care of for better survival rate of plantation. The following care will be taken:-
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Protection from grazing and fire Barbed- wire fencing will be provided around the area where mass plantation has been proposed. This will help in preventing cattle from entering in to such area and will protect unauthorized entry of out-side person. Due care will be taken to protect plantation aswell as the fencing by the guards. Watering during dry spell During dry spell, water will be sprinkled using water tanker provided with hose pipes.
Manuring Initially fertilizer/ manure will be given to the plants before and after plantation. Thereafter, manuring will be continued on reduced scale till the plant attains growth of 2 to 3 m height. Provision of utilizing bio-manure will also be made within the lease area.
Weeding and soil working Man power will be engaged in mulching the soil frequently along with removal of weeds.
9.6 Solid waste management The mining area lies on hilly land having rocky exposure and has little soil cover which will be used in plantation. No overburden is present.
Table 9.6: Solid Waste Pollution Management and Control Potential Action Parameters for Timing Impact Monitoring Undersize Undersized mineral sent to Quantity of limestone During limestone cement plant at Mithapur. extracted. Quantity of Transportation Management limestone used for soda operation ash plant. Quantity of limestone used for cement plant. Hazardous Hazardous waste (Used oil Quantity of oil used During waste and oil containers) will be operation management managed as per Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2008, as amended till date Batteries of Batteries will be managed Quantity of batteries used During vehicles as per Battery (Management operation &Handling) Rules; 2000.
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Non-routine Plan to be drawn up, con- Mock drills and re- cords of During blasting events and sidering likely emergencies the same operation accidental and steps required to releases prevent/limit consequences.
9.7 Biological Management Measures There is a requirement to establish a stable ecosystem with both ecological and economic returns. To achieve this, it is planned to increase plantation activities. The basic objectives of plantation are as follows:- Improvement of soil quality Quick vegetative cover to check soil erosion Improvement in mining site stability Conservation of biological diversity As dust receptor which likely to produce during mining
9.7.1 Plan for reduction of impact on fauna The impact on faunal species in the mining area is mostly due to noise vibration and loss of vegetation cover. The measures proposed to reduce the impact are discussed below and will be strictly followed. Blasting is to be carried out during day time only. The migrating routes of wild animals will not be disturbed and action should be taken as per the guideline of State Forest Department. This is also regulated under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Mining operation will be restricted to day time only.
9.7.1.1 Wild Life Conservation Plan: Due to the presence of Barda Wildlife Sanctuary in the study area of the project, a detailed biological survey and study has been done. It is discussed in the Chapter 3 of this report.
Wild Life Conservation Plan: The subject mine lease area is an existing mine lease and it falls under the land use of Government waste land. Further, Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is present at a distance of4.02 Km from the mine lease area. A detailed study performed to assess the potential impacts due to proposed project activities on sanctuary. The study concludes that: The proposed mine lease area is a waste land, located in the eastern side of Barda Wildlife sanctuary.
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The sanctuary is predominated by hilly terrain and isolated by agriculture and human habitations not connected with any other protected area and large extent of reserved forest through forest corridor. The nearest reserved forests to the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary are located only in the eastern side and far from the sanctuary and they were also isolated by agriculture habitats, villages, roads and ephemerals rivers. Only common species were found outside the sanctuary specifically in the agricultural habitats and waste lands with scrub vegetation. These common species also do not show any specific spatial and temporal movement pattern with larger herds, due to wider availability of agriculture habitat around the sanctuary which they preferred to use. It can be concluded that due to the above discussed ecological and environmental setup of the Barda Sanctuary and the area in and around, the proposed mining activity will not have any adverse impact on the wildlife of the sanctuary. At Post mining stage of proposed project, the existing waste land shall be re- grassed and green belts will be developed.
9.8 Greenbelt Development Plan Green belt is termed as plantation of trees for reducing the pollution as they absorb both gaseous and particulate pollutants, thus removing them from atmosphere. Green plants form a surface capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming sinks for pollutants. It improves the aesthetic value of local environment. Green belt has been planned with emphasis on creating biodiversity; to enhance natural surroundings and mitigating pollution. The greenbelt development plan aims to overall improvement in the environmental conditions of the region. The plan with a five-fold objective addresses issues such as providing sink for air pollutants likely to emitted from the project; enhancing the forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region; providing aesthetic value to the project area enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area; and to a large proportion in combating soil erosion. The mining area is almost flat, due to absence of OB & mineral reject land reclamation by the way of backfilling is not proposed. However, the slope of benches will be suitably graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The green belt will be developed along the non-mining zone boundary passing through the lease area. Precautionary measures will be taken for care of the forestation made by regular watering in the afforested area and fencing to protect from grazing animals. Man will be deployed for protecting & doing the above. Green belt will be developed, and around 200 plants will be planted per year upto extended lease period. Most of the area recommended for mining will be used for afforestation/greenbelt as per the “Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rule, 2004” Post mining reclamation proposed The post plantation care is proposed to maintain the growth of plants. Plantation will reduce the land erosion to the extent possibility in the surrounding area. Barbed – wire fencing will be done around the green belt.
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9.9 Occupational Hazards and Safety Tata Chemicals is upholding its position as a leader in the industry by conducting all its activities in a manner that is protective of the environment and in ensuring the health and safety of its employees, contractors, visitors and the community around which it operates. These include all manufacturing locations, offices, research laboratories, sales and distribution points and warehouses. To fulfill this commitment, continuing effort is maintained to:- Achieve ZERO HARM by following world class standards of SHE Management Systems, Responsible Care initiatives, Process Safety Management, good maintenance practices,. enhancement strategies for the environment and prevention of pollution Enhance Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) awareness, competency and responsibility among our employees and associated stakeholders including contractor / transport personnel, valued customers through effective communication. training and demonstrated performance to achieve ZERO HARM - Zero Harm to People, Zero Harm to Assets and Zero Harm to Environment Comply and endeavor to exceed with all applicable safety, health and environmental laws and regulations to set highest standards Integrate SHE considerations into business planning and decision making without compromise in pursuit of commercial advantage Embody principles of product stewardship by enhancing health, safety, environmental and social impacts of products and services across their lifecycles Proactively reduce our risks through risk assessment, process improvements, periodic SHE audits the investigation of all workplace and process safety incidents and illnesses and closure of findings to promptly correct any unsafe conditions and / or practices Make SHE performance an important parameter that would govern key decisions around employee life cycle or continued business relations as applicable Increase shareholder value through SHE excellence This policy shall be periodically reviewed in order to ensure its alignment to the business and all applicable regulatory requirements and shall be communicated to all concerned and on request be made available to the public as well.
Occupational hazards involved in mines are related to dust pollution, noise pollution, blasting and injuries from equipment and fall from high places. DGMS has given necessary guidelines for safety against these occupational hazards. The management strictly follows these guidelines. All necessary first aid and medical facilities is provided to the workers. The mine is well equipped with proper fire protection and firefighting equipment. All operators and mechanics are trained to handle fire-fighting equipment. Further all the necessary protective equipment such as helmets, safety goggles, earplugs, earmuffs, etc. is provided to persons working in mines as per Mines Rules, 1955. Initial and Periodical examination is conducted as prescribed in "FORM – O" for every employee as per rule 29B of Mines Rule – 1955. Initial medical examination is carried out prior
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to employment of every person and periodical medical examination is carried out of persons employed in the mine once in a two years. Provided that in case any dust related disease need to be confirmed, the pertaining tests may be conducted more frequently as the examining authority deems necessary. To avoid any adverse effect on the health of workers due to various pollutants, sufficient measures relating to safety and health is practiced: Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water, portable toilets etc. All safety measures like use of safety appliances, such as dust masks, helmets, shoes, non-breakable goggles, knee pads, as the case may be, shall be ensured. Safety awareness programs, awards, posters, slogans related to safety etc. will be encouraged. Training of employees for use of safety appliances and first aid in vocational training center. Regular maintenance and testing of all equipment as per manufacturers 'guidelines. Periodical Medical Examination (PME) of all workers by a Medical Officer First Aid facility will be provided at the mine site. Close surveillance of the factors in working environment and work practices which may affect environment and worker’s health. Working of mine as per approved mining plan and environmental plans.
9.10 Socio-economic Conditions of the Region Implementation of the Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine project will generate both direct and indirect employment. Besides, it will provide a check on existing system of mining operation. Mining operation will be legally valid and it will bring income to the state exchequer. The project will also provide impetus to industrialization of the area. At present agriculture is the main occupation of the people as more than half of the population depends on it. With the implementation of the proposed mining project the occupational pattern of the people in the area will change making more people engaged in mining based activities rather in agriculture. Thus there will be a gradual shifting of population from agriculture to mining and related activities.
9.10.1 Community Development Activities TATA Chemicals has set up a non-governmental organization – TATA Chemicals Society for Rural Development (TCSRD) – that works towards holistic community development, including managing water, land and other natural resources, encouraging enterprise development, and promoting health and education. TCSRD is on track to achieve its goal of impacting the lives of a million people by 2019 .Broadly, the community development initiatives are divided into six thematic areas: Natural resource management (NRM): this includes program on integrated water management; Agriculture development; land reclamation; animal husbandry program and pond management
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Environmental care and conservation: this includes Dharti Ko Arpan program initiated by TCSRD Empowerment: this includes formation of self-help groups,; Saksham and volunteering program Livelihood development: this includes vocational training; group based enterprise; rural entrepreneur development program and traditional handicraft promotion enterprise. Health and Education: this includes Swasth Aangan project and other health awareness program. While in the education various initiatives are undertaken to enhance the education status in all the three locations. Infrastructure development support: this includes various infrastructure support structure being provided to improve the standard of living of the rural communities in and around its plant sites Company has well laid down policy for Community Development and Social Accountability. Policies are detailed as below: Community Development Policy TATA Chemicals pledges itself to care for and serve the community by: Designing, evolving and implementing sustainable, replicable and scalable development models, that leads to measurable socio-economic development of the community and ecological development in its area of influence Involving the community in all stages of the process, in the true spirit of participatory development Having focused and transparent processes, that provides for equal opportunity, while improving the quality of life Partnering and networking with government, development agencies, corporate bodies and NGOs to implement appropriate community development programs Involving the employees in volunteering for community development programs
Social Accountability Policy It is our policy to conduct our business in a socially responsible manner by complying with all the requirements of SA 8000 standard. To that end we are committed to: Comply with applicable state, national and international legislations, ILO and UN conventions on ethical business. Continual improvement in our performance through management reviews, open communications and providing a favorable employment environment.
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Coral Reef Restoration Project Save the Whale Shark Project
Biodiversity Reserve Plantation Conservation of Lion Project
Nesting site for waterfowl Regeneration of mangroves
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Greening of Alkaline solids-Sedimentation Basins
Figure 9.4: Major initiatives taken under Dharti Ko Aarpan program
Award received during Environment Week Regeneration of mangroves
Medical Camp activities Water reservoir in TCL Adityana mined our area Figure 9.5: Major initiatives taken in existing mining areas of TCL
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Public health implication of the project and related activities for the population As already indicated earlier, there is no habitation within the mining lease area as well as in the 500 m radius of the project site. Mining activities will be far away and will not progress closure to the nearest human habitation. However following remedial measures are proposed to be undertaken: Regular water sprays Scheduled maintenance of machineries Covered transportation of vehicles Green belt / plantation as a green barrier will be carried out to protect the village habitation from the dust pollution Regular medical checkup / eye-camps will be organized for the villagers. Allocation of funds towards public health has been indicated in the CSR activities. No site specific ailments have been detected so far affecting the health of persons/ public
Measures of socio economic significance and influence to the local community proposed The existing project is already providing employment to about 28 workers, due to expansion; additional 15 people will be engaged. In total approx. 43 local workers directly employed for mining work earning wages as per the minimum wages act applicable for un- skilled, semi-skilled and highly skilled categories. Training of employed workers to improve their skills for safe workings. Free medical camp will be organized for the villagers. TCL will always co-operate with the Govt. for the development of the area, nearby schools and basic amenities.
9.11 CER Project Details As per the MOEF&CC's office memo no. F NO 22-65/2017-IA-III dated 01/05/2018.(Attached as Annexure XII), Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project is a brownfield project and total project cost is Rs. 75.0 Lakhs which is less than Rs. 100 Crores. As per above notification, 1% of the project cost is applicable for CER budget for brownfield projects. In the same context it has proposed to provide financial assistance of Rs. 75,000 per year for the development of social infrastructure of the area.
Table 9.7 Community Environmental Responsibility plan Sr. No Activity Total budgetary provision (Rs.) 1 Environmental awareness programme 10,000 2 Environmental conservation display to improve water 15,000 conservation and skill upgradation for employment opportunities
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3 Installation of Central R.O. System in nearby villages 20,000 4 Construction of separate toilets for boys and girls in 30,000 village schools and installation of sanitary napkin vending machine in schools and providing aids for covid-19 relief 75,000
9.11.1 Cost of Environment Control Measures/EMP Budget As a part of its responsibility towards protection of environment, TCL has allocated budget for Environment protection measures. The same is detailed in Table 9.8.
Table 9.8: Proposed Cost of Environment Management Particulars Approximate Approximate Basis for cost estimates recurring cost per Capital cost annum (Rs. in lacs) (Rs. In lacs)
Air quality 0.5 - As in mining lease there are monitoring no any stacks hence capital cost is nil. Recurring cost would include cost of monitoring of ambient air quality in the mining lease season wise Water quality 0.5 - There are no treatment control plants so capital cost for water pollution control is nil. While TCL will be monitoring tube well Noise level 0.25 - Recurringsamples of 3 costvillages includes in each abatement monitoring cost of noise measurement at different locations. Green belt 3.0 1.5 Capital cost includes a plant development cost @100 Rs. and wire fencing of about 90 m recurring cost includes cost of post plantation care.
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Dust 1.25 2.5 Capital cost include the cost Suppression/water of tanker and recurring cost spray include the purchase of Total 5.50 4.0 Totalwater capital cost for EMP is Rs. 4.0 lakh and recurring cost per year is Rs. 5.50 lakh.
9.12 Conclusion As discussed, it is safe to say that the project is not likely to cause any significant impact on the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigation technique, as well as to control the pollutants released from the premises of the Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project.
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SUMMARY & CONCLUSION Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 10- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
10.1 Description of Project The proposed Expansion project of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is located near Village Aniali Tehsil Ranavav & District Porbandar in Gujarat. It is a captive mine of TATA Chemicals Limited (TCL), which supplies limestone as raw material to Soda Ash &Cement Plant of TCL at Mithapur, Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat for manufacturing of soda ash and cement.
The proposed project is an expansion project and categorized as category A-Mining (1A- Mining of Minerals) as per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.
Environment Clearance has been granted for this project vide letter no. J-11015/304/2012-IA.II (M) Dated 27.07.2015 by MoEF&CC for the production of 0.014 million tons TPA (ROM). TCL hereby proposes to expand the existing production capacity of 0.014 MT per annum to 0.175MT per annum. For the said reason, TCL filed online application vide IA/GJ/MIN/70670/2017 and obtained Terms of Reference (ToR) vide letter no. J- 11015/100/2018-IA.II (M) dated 9th October 2018.
The proposed lease is a Non-Forest Government waste land measuring 12.27 Ha, Survey No. 207/P with the highest proposed production target of 1,75000 TPA as per approved mine plan. Terms of reference (ToR) have also been granted for 1, 75000 TPA. The existing method of mining is Open Cast and the Category of Mine is ‘A’. Semi mechanized mining methodology is being adopted with occasional use of drilling and blasting for fragmentation of hard limestone strata.
10.2 Salient Features of the project
Table 10.1: Salient Features of the project
Sr . Details of project Description No. 1 Mine lease area Total lease area- 12.27 Ha 2 Existing Production 14,000 TPA 3 Proposed production 1,75000 TPA 4 Mine lease period 07.07.1966 - 1986 17.11.2005 - 2025 - 30.03.2030 5 Mine lease extension under Deemed extension up to 31.03.2030 as per MMDR 2015 MMDR 2015 6 Lessee M/s TATA Chemicals Limited 12th Floor, GIFT One Tower,
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7GIFT City, Gandhinagar-382355 Gujarat Email ID: [email protected] 7 Type of land Non Forest - Government waste land 8 Use of Mineral This is a captive mine. The limestone produced from this mine will be transported to Soda Ash and Cement Plant located at Mithapur, Gujarat. 9 Mineral reserve details Proved mineral reserve Chemical Grade : 269205 MT Marginal Grade: 91355 MT Cement Grade: 369440 MT Total Proved reserve: 730000 MT Probable mineral reserve 00 MT Total (proved + probable) 730000 MT reserve Pre-Feasibility mineral resource Chemical Grade : 14485 MT Marginal Grade: 8993 MT Cement Grade: 16538 MT Total: 40016 MT Measured mineral resources Chemical Grade : 0 MT Marginal Grade: 0 MT Cement Grade: 514887 MT Total: 514887 MT Total Reserves + Resources Chemical Grade : 283690 MT Marginal Grade: 100348 MT Cement Grade: 990865 MT Total Proved reserve: 1284903 MT 10 Project cost 75.0 Lakhs 11 Market value For captive use 12 Mineral composition (source – Approved Mine plan): 1. Chemical Grade (CaCO3%+MgCO3%)>92%, SiO2<4% 2. Marginal Grade 92%
13. Details of Environmental Settings Ecological Sensitive Areas Barda wildlife sanctuary is present at a (National Park, Wild Life distance of 4.02 Km in NW direction and Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, 112.21 meters from ESZ. Reserve/ Protected Forest etc.) within 10 km distance Mokarsagar Bird Sanctuary is located app.
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13.45 Km in SW direction from the project site. Forests Naliyadhar Reserve Forest is approx. 0.010 Km in south west direction. Jambuda Reserve Forest is approx. 2.88km in North direction. Khageshri Reserve Forest: approx. 7.85 km in East direction. Water bodies Bileshwari Nadi is about 5.60 Km in NE direction. Minsar Nadi is about5.25 Km in East direction. Khambhala reservoir is about 7.33km in NW direction. Fodara reservoir is about 9.75km in NW direction. Dai River is about 10.25 km NE direction. Sorti River is about 11.44km in NW direction. Gulab Sagar Lake is about 14.71 Km in North. Krishnapur Lake is about 12.27 Km in NW direction. Dhangva Nadi is about 2.19 km in North direction. Nearest Village Daulatgadh is about 1.6 Km NE direction. Nearest Town Ranavav is present at a distance of about 8.0 in South West direction. Jam Sakhpur Railway Station is about 4.81 Km Nearest Railway Station in North direction and, Ranavav Railway Station is about 10 km in West direction from the project site. NH-8B is about 4.89 km in South direction. Nearest National Highway SH-27 is about 4.50 km in West direction. State Highway Nearest Airport Porbandar Airport is about 17.77 km in SW direction. Seismic Zone As per GSDMA map, Gujarat falls in Zone III, which is a moderate risk zone for earthquake.
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Other Industries Limestone Mine leases of Tata Chemicals and other leases belongs to different owners. Water Requirement and source 10 KLD from Ground Water. CGWA Permission is already obtained in 2011. (Source: Approved Mine Plan, dated 14.09.2016)
10.3 Reclamation and Rehabilitation of mined out area The mining area is almost flat. A thin layer of top soil 0.25- 0.45 m will be used in plantation within the lease. The slope of benches will be suitable graded and plantation done over them, to match with the surrounding greenery. The top of the benches shall be properly fenced to prevent fall of cattle/person. Greenbelt will be developed as per approved mining plan. Since it is an existing mine, about 530 plants already planted on 0.53 Ha. Further, remaining 3.51 Ha area will be developed for greenbelt around the lease boundary, haul roads, undisturbed area, reclaimed area, workshop, mine office, etc. Around 2000 saplings will be planted per year for the next 5 year plan. Local species like Siris, Neem, Kachnar, Kashid, Shisham, Gulmohar, Karanj, Pipal, Drumstick, Imli, Banyan tree, Bel patra etc. will be planted in consultation with the Forest Department as well as CPCB Guidelines for greenbelt development.
10.4 Baseline Environmental Status 10.4.1 Landuse Pattern Land Use in Core Zone The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining.
Land Use in Buffer Zone Land use of study area has been prepared from latest satellite imagery. Specialized land use data has been prepared by using GIS software. Land use and land cover has been analyzed forExpasnion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project for the agricultural land, settlement, forest, open scrub, waste land and water body etc., which shows that around 62.55% of the land in the study area is an agricultural land, 10.64% land is a forest land, whereas 5.91% is comprise of open scrub. Water bodies constitute to 2.56%, settlement is around 1.82% and rest 16.52% is a waste/other land.
10.4.2 Water Quality To assess the physical and chemical properties of water in the region, water samples were collected from various water sources present in the 10km study area. Water quality was analyzed as per Indian standards (IS 30525 part 4-62).
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Ground water Ground water level as per approved mine plan is minimum at 13.40mRL and maximum of 10.30mRL. Ground water samples were collected from three location: Aniali village, Bordi village, and Daulatgadh. Ground water samples were analyzed and results were found as pH 7.2- 7.6, total hardness 156 to 197 mg/l, Chloride 46 to 51 mg/l, total dissolved solids 259 -296 mg/l, Sulphate 2.9 to 3.8 mg/l, nitrate 0.7-1.3 mg/l.
Surface water Surface water was collected from two locations which are Khambada Reservoir and Minsarnadi (Valotra village).
Surface water samples were analyzed which showed:
Results for Khambada Reservoir : pH 7.72, electrical conductivity 446 µS/cm, total alkalinity 179 mg/l, total hardness 191 mg/l, Chloride 98 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/l, total dissolved solids were found 141 mg/l.
Results of Minsarnadi: pH 7.4, electrical conductivity 487 µS/cm, total alkalinity 142 mg/l, total hardness 136 mg/l, Chloride 81 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen 6.6 mg/l, total dissolved solids were found 176 mg/l.
10.4.3 Air Environment The meteorological data has been recorded from near project site. Secondary data also has been purchased from Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi, which provided the climate information that helped in to find out the predominant present downwind direction to predict the incremental pollution load due to project activity. Primary site specific baseline and meteorological data was collected for winter season; December 2018 to February 2019.
Site specific meteorological data Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in the winter season (December 2018 to February 2019) and site specific data was collected. Secondary Meteorological data has been purchased from Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi, for the same period in order to complete the air modelling exercise and wind direction.Site specific meteorological data was collected by installing an automated weather station near Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine project site. The result has been obtained for temperature, rainfall, wind speed, humidity and wind direction. Secondary data was also collected from nearest IMD station and climatological table 1961- 1990.From the wind rose it was clearly observed that North-East is the predominant wind direction.
Ambient Air Quality Total 7 ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected to assess baseline ambient air quality which is Near mine site, Daulatgadh village, Bhod village, Aniali village, Bordi
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village,Vadwala villageand Valotra village. Parameter wise 98th percentile maximum and minimum values were observed at all the seven monitoring locations.
The minimum and maximum level of PM2.5 recorded within the study area was in the range of 29.9 µg/m3 to 43.9 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 31.8 µg/m3 to 43.9 µg/m3.
The minimum and maximum level of PM10 recorded within the study area was in the range of 68.8 to 91.8 µg/m3with the 98th percentile ranging between 73.4 µg/m3 to 91.6 µg/m3.
3 The minimum concentration of SO2 recorded within the study area was 9.4 to 11.6µg/m ,the 3 maximum concentration of SO2 recorded within the study area was 11.3 to 13.9 µg/m ,with the 98th percentile ranging between 11.3 µg/m3 to 13.9 µg/m3.
The minimum and maximum level of NO2 recorded within the study area was in the range of 11.5µg/m3to 22.9 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 13.9µg/m3 to 22.9µg/m3.
The minimum and maximum level of CO recorded within the study area was in the range of 605 µg/m3 to 878µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 713 µg/m3 to 878 µg/m3.
Mineralogical composition of PM10 Filter paper of PM10 sampler was used for mineralogical study from project site of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mine. What man filter paper was used for mineralogical composition as per EPA method. Mineralogical composition for free silica and other minerals was analysed and this was found that free silica is present at concentration of 0.10 µg/m3 in PM10.
10.4.4 Noise Levels Ambient noise levels were measured at 09 locations around the proposed mine site. The values of noise level observed in some of the areas are primarily owing to vehicular traffic. Assessment of hourly night time Leq (Ln) varies from 29.0 to 53.8 dB (A) and the hourly daytime Leq (Ld) varies from 35.6 to 61.9 dB (A) within the study area. The status of noise quality within the 10 km zone of the study area is therefore, within the MoEF& CC standards.
10.4.5 Soil Quality Total 05 soil samples were collected in and around the mine lease area to assess the present soil quality of the region. In the study area, variations in the pH of the soil were found to be slightly basic (7.1 to 7.6). Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the soluble salts and ionic activity in the soil. In the collected soil samples the conductivity ranged from 567-598 µmhos/cm. Bulk density of soil sample samples ranged from 1.38-1.42 gm/cc, moisture content was found 12.1- 15.8%, organic matter was present in the range of 0.51-0.86 % at all the soil quality monitoring locations.
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10.4.6 Biological Environment Flora/fauna survey was done at core and buffer zone of the study area. This was observed that no floral species are present within mine lease area except some bushes. The wild plant species are anticipated in waste land only.
Based on primary and secondary survey a total of 32 crop species were reported in the study area and based on their use value they have been grouped into four categories. Among these 8 species fall under grain crops, 10 species fruit crops, 11 vegetable crops and 3 commercial crops of the study area.
The tree species which were found in waste land and along road side green belt are Neem (Azadirachtaindica),Arduso (Ailanthus excelsa), Vad (Ficusbenghalensis), Piplo (Ficusreligiosa), Saragvo(Moringaoleifera), Awal (Alstoniascholaris) and herb species was found names as Gandobavalvilayati (Prosopis Juliflora).
The buffer zone of the study area is majorly agricultural land. The buffer zone includes Fodara reservoir and Khambada reservoir and Barda Wildlife Sanctuary of District Porbandar.There is no aquatic environment present in core zone of project area. Within study area of 10 km radius from mine lease boundary, there are two aquatic environments which are present;
Fodara Reservoir Fodara Reservoir mainly known for its migratory birds. Various bird species found flying within study area of project site (in total 20 species). The water fowl species are found within FodaraReservoir .
Ecologically Sensitive Areas From the mine lease boundary, Nadliyadhar Reserve forest is present at approx. 0.010km in South West direction, Khageshri reserve forest is at approx. 7.85km in East direction and Jambhuda reserve forest is present at 2.88km in North direction. Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is also present at a distance of 4.02 km in North West direction from the working mine lease. The sanctuary is endowed with rich floral and faunal species. The avifaunal species also displays high diversity. At least two species of birds, which were found in the Sanctuary, are rare/ endangered, to name a few: Spotted Eagle and Crested Hawk-Eagle. Apart from this, the Sanctuary exhibits great variety of invertebrate species including variety of butterflies.
10.4.7 Socio Economic Environment Core Zone: - There is no human settlement in the core zone of the Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine.
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Buffer Zone: - Area within 10km radius of the “Project Site” is considered as the “Study Area”. The study area of 10 Km radius area is spread over 28 villages and 2 towns (namely: Amardal and Ranavav) falling in three sub-districts namely Ranavav, Kutiyana of District Porbandar and Jamjhodpur in District Jamnagar as per census 2011.Out of these 28 villages 5 villages are present inside Barda Wildlife Sanctuary.
The salient features of the study area include: 1. Total population of study area is 107537. The percentages of male & female population are 51.00 % & 49.00 % respectively 2. Total household in the study area are 22828 with a family size of 4.71. 3. Total number of literates in the study area is 67531 (71.68%). 4. Sex ratio (number of Females per thousand Male) of the study area is 961 which shows that male population is higher in the study area as compared with the female population. 5. Out of the total population Scheduled Caste population in the study area is 10196 (9.48%) and Scheduled Tribe population is 4631 (4.30%). 6. The child population (0-6 years) in the study area is 13327 (12.39%) in which 6903 (6.41%) is the child male population and 6324 (5.88%) which is child female population. The child sex ratio in the study area is 916.
10.5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and mitigation 10.5.1 Impact on Land Use Pattern Proposed project is an expansion project where Environment Clearance has been obtained in the year 2015 vide no. J-11015/304/2012-IA.II(M) for the annual production of 14,000 Tons of Limestone. The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining.
Anticipated Impact A new tar or metallic road also has been proposed by TCL along which plantation will be done. Thus, the anticipated impact on land will be nearly insignificant. Area outside the mine lease will not get affected due to proposed project as mineral stack yard and overburden will be kept within mine lease area.
Change in Land use Pattern The entire lease area of 12.27 Ha is the part of Govt. waste land. At the end of conceptual plan, the damage to the landscape in the form of pit and road, about 11.23 ha will be degraded. As the deposit is an elevated ridge type and also not extended to deep ground level, thus no deep pits will be formed due to mining. The ultimate depth of the pit at the end of life of mine is expected to be at 44.0 mRL, the voids in the northern side due to excavation in the lease area will be used
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for accumulating rain water. By the end of life of mine around 8.1975 ha will be planted on both undisturbed and mine out area. Land use Pattern of the core zone of mining area will be changed due to proposed mining activity. Original topography of the core zone will be affected. The impact of mining on land environment is due to excavation of pits.
Impact on Soil Environment Soil erosion in the mining areas is mainly caused due to stripping-off of the surface from vegetation cover leading to loosing compactness of soil, thereafter; causing surface degradation, along with the factor like surface run-off during the rainfall, erosion through wind and man- induced erosion etc causes soil erosion in the mine site.
The lease area has been subjected to mining in one or pits exposing the lower layers of the limestone formation. The trap rock has not been drilled into and exposures of the same are also not seen in the vicinity. To be on the safeguard, control measures like dense plantation will be done to increase the holding capacity of the soil, to prevent soil erosion.
Top Soil Management Top soil in the lease area is of very thin bed of varying 0.25-0.45 m, which will be used in plantation within the lease area.
Mitigation Measure: 1.The green belt will be developed along the non-mining zone boundary passing through the lease area. Precautionary measures will be taken for plantation made by regular watering. 2.Approx.2000 plants will be planted per year upto the extended lease period. The rate of survival is expected to be 70% in the area. 3.Surface and ground water will not be affected due to mining activity. There is no perennial source of water within the leasehold area. 4.Frequent dust suppression will be done to minimize the risk of long term buildup of pollutants in the environment. Adopting suitable, site-specific mitigation measures can reduce the degree of impact of mining on land. Present land use pattern of the lease area is waste land and at the conceptual stage the land use pattern will remain the same, hence will not be changed as there is no overburden generated from the mining activity.
10.5.2 Impact on Water Resources Water Environment Mining and its associated activities not only use a lot of water but also likely to affect the hydrological regime of the area. The major impact of deep and large mines (both underground
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and open cast) is of natural groundwater table. Lowering of water table may result in reduced groundwater availability. Extraction of different minerals is known to lead to water pollution due to heavy metals, acid discharges and increased suspended solids. Deep underground mines directly affect the water table of the area. However, the impact of mining projects on ground water hydrology and surface water regime are site specific and depends upon the characteristics of the mineral, hydrogeology and requirement of groundwater for other uses.
Anticipated impacts on water sources Ground Water Average depth of the water table based on the observations from nearby wells is found to be maximum at 10.30 (mRL) and minimum at 13.40 (mRL) as per approved mining plan. The working in the lease area is expected to go on a depth an average of minimum 4m deep from surface RL 44mRL as the deposit is in slope of hillock the bottom RL of the pit at the end of mining life will be similar to the general elevation of the area i.e. 40m. Therefore, the mine working will remain much above the water table. At conceptual stage the ultimate depth of pit is expected to be at 44.0mRL Therefore, the groundwater table will not likely to get affected.
Surface water The general slope of the lease area is NE to SW. No prominent water course or nalla is present. The mine floor is kept slightly sloppy for natural drainage. The waste water generation in the mining process is not envisaged. The deposit does not contain any harmful contents; hence it is not going to affect the quality of water in surrounding area. As there is no beneficiation involved with the use of water, discharge effluents does not happen. There is a natural drainage pattern within the lease area. Major part of the rain water from the lease area runoff is along the slope.
Wastewater Generation, Treatment & Disposal The waste water generation in the mining process is not envisaged. The total water consumption in the expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mine is about 10 KLD. There is a deep tube well near mine office from which water will be supplied for drinking and domestic purpose as well as for dust suppression measures. CGWA permission for ground water withdrawal is obtained for 10 cum in the year 2011 Enclosed as Annexure X. The water will be used in the following manner. For dust suppression (4.0 KLD) For domestic consumption (2.0 KLD) For greenbelt development (4.0 KLD)
The waste water generation from the above consumption is mainly from domestic consumption i.e. from toilets. This water will be treated in septic tanks followed by soak pits.
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Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Resources a) Overall drainage planning has been done in such a manner that the existing pre- mining drainage conditions will be maintained to the extent possible so that run off distribution is not affected. b) Waste water generated from labor domestic uses will be treated in septic tank followed by soaking pits. c) At conceptual stage the maximum depth of working will be 44.0mRL m from the surface. Therefore, the groundwater table will not likely to get affected. d) Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure that there is no adverse impact due to Limestone mining project. e) No washing of equipment will be done inside the mining lease area.
10.5.3 Impact on Air Quality The proposed project includes various activities like development of benches, approach roads, haul roads, excavation and transportation of limestone and waste materials. These operations generally result in generation of dust and thereby pose health hazards. However, it is proposed that adequate control measures will be provided at every stage of operation such as, water sprinkling at loading, unloading points and on haul roads before transportation to reduce the fugitive dust emissions. Mining is proposed to be carried out by opencast semi mechanized method. The air borne particulate matter (PM10) generated by ore and waste handling operations, transportation and screening of ore is the main respirable air pollutant. The emissions of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) released by vehicles plying on haul roads will be marginal. Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out taking into consideration of proposed production and net increase in emissions.
Emissions Details Details of emission during loading/unloading and transportation on the haul road, wind erosion of the exposed area and road maintenance were discussed and combined impact was predicted in the worst-case scenario under worst meteorological condition given as follows:
Loading and Unloading - US EPA, 2008, revision of emission factor for AP-42 was used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during loading and unloading separately. It is assumed that moisture content in limestone ore was 10% and further moisture content will be increased to 10-20% to reduce emission of PM10 during unloading and average wind speed was 3.03 m/s as observed with site data with calm conditions 43.64 % as shown in wind rose and discussion of local meteorology of the area.
Haul Road - US EPA, 2006, revision of emission factor for AP-42 was used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during transportation of ore by 5
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trucks operated per hour on haul road of 1.6 km. Truck will be fully covered with tarpaulin material and emission of PM10 during transportation on the haul road will be insignificant. US EPA based AERMOD model was used for prediction of impact with 1-h meteorological data of the study period for the assessment of GLC.
Meteorological Data The meteorological data recorded at hourly interval during the month of December 2018 to February 2019 on wind speed 3.03 m/s, wind direction, dry & wet bulb temperature, humidity, cloud cover and rainfall was processed to extract hourly mean meteorological data as per the guidelines of CPCB/MoEF&CC for prediction of impacts from the area source. Stability was computed by Turner’s method and mixing height was obtained from publication of IMD “Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height in India, 2008.
Data recorded from authorized source Denvilabs Technologies, New Delhi were used as meteorological input for Dispersion Model which was stored in the computer for further analysis and interpretation to study the local meteorology of the study area. It was observed that pre- dominant wind during winter season is North East to South West, with low wind speed and 43.64 % calm condition was observed during study period at the site which was very much close and cumbersome with long term meteorological data of IMD, Porbandar. Average wind speed was 3.03 m/s. Impact of the pollutants was anticipated in south west direction under influence of pre- dominant wind direction.
The Air Quality Impact Prediction has been done by using AERMOD. Impact was predicted in the worst-case scenario due to combined impact of loading and unloading and emission due to transportation of vehicles on Limestone mine, haul road and other mining activities. The secondary meteorological data for the period December 2018-February 2019 was fed in the AERMOD software to obtain isopleths.
Results of PM10GLC concentration: Iso-pleth of PM10ranges from 0.4 to 2.79 µg/m3.Maximum predicted GLC is observed at near mine site at 450 meter distance with incremental value of 2.79 µg/m3 . For the calculation of the total predicted GLC of 24 hours near mine site, the baseline value of (98th percentile) 91.6 µg/m3was added to the incremental value of 2.79µg/m3, resulting into 94.39 µg/m3. The total predicted value calculated near mine site including the incremental load due to proposed mining activities like loading/unloading and transportation at haul road which are the responsible factors for dust emissions are found satisfactory and below the permissible limit of PM10 as prescribed by NAAQS. The results may allow the mining project in the vicinity.
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Result of PM2.5GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of PM2.5calculated near mine site is 3 3 45.12 µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of PM2.5 (60 µg/m for industrial 3 zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of PM2.5ranges from 0.50 to 1.22 µg/m .
Result of NO2GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of NO2 calculated near mine site is 3 3 22.95 µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of NO2 (80 µg/m ) . The isopleths 3 showing the concentration of NO2 ranges from 0.05 to 1µg/m .
Result of SO2GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (24 hours) of SO2 calculated near mine site is 3 3 13.93µg/m , which is below the prescribed permissible limit of SO2 (80 µg/m for industrial 3 zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of SO2 ranges from 0.03 to 0.50µg/m .
Result of CO GLC concentration: The maximum predicted GLC concentration (8 hours) of CO calculated near mine site is 881µg/m3 or 0.881 milligram/m3, which is below the prescribed permissible limit of CO (2 mg/m3 for industrial zones). The isopleths showing the concentration of CO ranges from 3 to 80 µg/m3or 0.003 to 0.08 mg/m3.
Isopleths maps of PM10,PM2.5,SO2, NO2, CO is given in chapter-4.
Proposed Mitigation Measures For Dust Suppression As per Approved Mine Plan drilling and basting is proposed for Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project but occasionally for giving the shattering effect to hard strata. Particulate matter emission from haul road will be reduced by water sprinkling. Vehicle used for excavation and haulage will be of latest Indian norms. High speed diesel will be used for mining equipment operation Green belt will be developed as per approved mining plan. Although green belt is already practiced at project site as it is an existing mine. Personal protecting equipment (PPE) like dust mask, ear plugs etc will be used by mine workers. Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out periodically to know the implementation of environmental management plan.
10.5.4 Impact on Noise Levels and Ground Vibrations Noise Impact on Working Environment Noise generated at the mine site is due to semi-mechanized mining operations and transportation. Noise generated due to mining activities dissipates within the mine. There is no major impact of
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mining activity on the nearby villages. However, pronounced effect of above noise level is felt only near the active working area. Impact of noise on the villages is negligible as the villages are far located from the mine workings.
Noise Abattement and Control Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals to reduce the noise level up to an extent. Adequate silencers and enclosures will be provided in all the diesel engines. Plantation along both the sides of approach road, around mine office building and mine area to minimize the propagation of noise. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided to all operators and employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone. Periodical noise level monitoring will be done.
Impact Due To Ground Vibrations and Abatement Blasting is proposed in Aniali Limestone Mine but occasionally. Drilling and blasting will be used only for giving shattering effect to the hard strata of limestone horizons. Blasting will be done mainly with ANFO as the column charge and slurry explosive as the base charge. The under sized material generated after manual sizing or mechanized sizing will be temporarily stored in the registered plot or near to the crushing unit before it is sent to TCL's Cement and Soda Ash Plant at Mithapur. Measures that will be followed for abatement of ground vibration, air blast and fly rocks are detailed below – a) Controlled Blasting will be performed strictly as per the guidelines specified under MMR, 1961; b) Proper design of blast with correct spacing, burden and optimum charge/delay will be performed; c) Supervision of drilling and blasting operations to ensure blast design geometry as per planning will be ensured; d) Sub-drilling will be kept adequate to eliminate toe formation. e) Blasting operations will be carried out only during day time as per DGMS guidelines; Proper warning signals will be used; f) Adequate safe distance from habitation as per standards from centre of blasting will be maintained; g) Drilling parameters like burden, depth, diameter and spacing will be properly designed to ensure proper blast; h) Effective stemming of the explosives will be done in the drill holes.
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10.5.5 Impact on Biological Environment Primary and secondary baseline data for flora and fauna was collected within core zone and buffer zone of the project. Barda wild life sanctuary is present within the study area of the project at a distance of 4.02 km from the mine site.
Impact on Biodiversity Mining activities generally result in the deforestation, land degradation, water, air and noise pollution which directly or indirectly affect the faunal and floral status of the project area. However, occurrence and magnitude of these impacts are entirely dependent upon the project location, mode of operation and technology involved. Impact prediction is the main footstep in impact evaluation and identifies project actions that are likely to bring significant changes in the project environment.
The present study was carried out to predict the likely impacts of the proposed limestone mining project at village Aniali in the surrounding environment with special reference to biological attributes covering habitats/ecosystems and associated biodiversity.
Although impacts on key habitat elements will occur on a local scale, but on a regional scale they would not be critical for the life cycle needs of the species observed or expected. Moreover the successive reclamation of mined out areas, following completion of mining activities, will replace habitat resources for faunal species in this locality over a longer time. Wild life is not commonly found in the plains because of lack of vegetal cover and surface water except domestic animals.
Dust generated due to haulage vehicles can have adverse impact on crops and other plant species of nearby areas. Sprinkling with 4.0 KLD of water will be done to reduce fugitive emission up to an extent. Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone mining project doesn’t include any forest land or diversion of forest land. The total mine lease area 12.27 Ha is a non- forest government waste land.
Mitigation measures a) Regular water sprinkling on haul road will be done to reduce the emission of suspended particulate matter which causes the blockage of the stomata of plants and interrupting the photosynthesis process. b) Thick green belt development will be done as per approved mining plan. c) Green belt development reduces noise level, reduces gaseous pollution and particulate matter pollution. d) Pollution tolerant plant with consultation to state forest department has been proposed for plantation.
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10.5.5.1 Traffic Study and Transportation Vehicular Traffic Density Traffic study was carried out as primary data to know the existing traffic density. Traffic survey forms are attached as Annexure XI. Incremental pollution load as per IRC 64 has been calculated to estimate the level of services (LOS). Traffic study was conducted for SH-27 and nearby intersection passes through the project site. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the number of trucks that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity as recommended by Indian Road Congress (IRC).
Existing traffic scenario: LI-Near village intersection the PCU/day is 203 and V/C ratio is 0.034, the LOS is 'A'. L2-- At SH-27, the PCU/day is 4100 and V/C ratio is 0.27, LOS is 'B'
After the proposed activity: LI-Near village intersection the PCU/day is 383 and V/C ratio is 0.06, the LOS is 'A'. L2-- At SH-27, the PCU/day is 4280 and V/C ratio is 0.28, LOS is 'B'
From the above analysis it can be seen that the V/C ratio will change to 0.06 and 0.28 with LOS being “A” which is “Excellent” near village intersection and “B” which is “Very good” at State highway as per classification. So the additional load on the carrying capacity of the concerned roads is not likely getting affected.
10.5.6 Impact on Socio - Economic Environment Impacts of a mining project may be positive or negative. The adverse impacts attribute to physical displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed by loss of livelihood, mental agony, changes in social structure, and risk to food security etc. People are also directly affected due to pollution. However, in Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project, there is no displacement of people due to mining operations. Study on Socio-economic status of the project has already been carried out using primary socio-economic survey for generating the baseline data of socio- economic status.
Anticipated Impacts From the primary socio-economic survey & through secondary data available from established literature and census data 2011, it is found that there would be positive impact on socio- economic condition of the nearby area. The nearest habitation is present in the village Daulatgadh situated at a distance of about 1.6km from the project site in North East direction. There is no human habitation within 1 Km of mining lease. Hence the mining activity does not involve any displacement of human settlement. No public buildings, places, monuments etc. exist within the lease area or in the vicinity. The mining operation will not disturb/ relocate any village or need resettlement. Thus no adverse impact is anticipated.
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The impact of mining activity in the area is positive on the socio-economic environment of the region. Aniali Limestone Mine will be providing employment to the local population and preference will always be given to local people whenever there is a requirement of man power for mining related work.
10.5.7 Mine Waste Management As per approved mining plan there is practically no solid waste and overburden in present mining area. The mining area lies on hilly land having rocky exposure and has no soil cover; therefore storage of soil is not required so far no patches of soil were encountered during mining. The sized limestone will be transported after sizing and undersized material will be dispatched to Soda Ash and Cement Plant at Mithapur.
10.6 Project benefits The proposed Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining project will generate various benefits as the employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of project will upgrade the prosperity of the region. These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the area. In addition to the above, contractual labors and indirect employment opportunities will also be getting benefited after installation of mining project.
10.7 Environmental Management Plan CER Project Details As per the MOEF&CC's office memo no. F NO 22-65/2017-IA-III dated 01/05/2018.(Attached as Annexure XII), Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project is a brownfield project and total project coast is Rs. 75.0 Lakhs which is less than Rs. 100 Crores. As per above notification, 1% of the project cost is applicable for CER budget for brownfield projects. In the same context it has proposed to provide financial assistance of Rs. 75,000 per year for the development of social infrastructure of the area.
Cost of Environment Control Measures/EMP Budget As a part of its responsibility towards protection of environment, TCL has allocated budget for Environment protection measures. Total capital cost for Environmental Management Plan is Rs. 4.0 lakh and recurring cost per year is Rs. 5.50 lakh.
10.8 Conclusions The mining operations will meet the compliance requirements of MoEF&CC. Community impacts will be beneficial, as the project will generate significant economic benefits for the region; Adoption of best available technology and best management practices with more environmental friendly process; and with the effective implementation of the Environment
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Management Plan (EMP) during the mining activities, the proposed project can proceed without any significant negative impact on environment.
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DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 11 - DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
11.1 General
Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA Report of proposed Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project, Area- 12.27 ha., Cat-A(1A- Mining of Minerals), Mineral- Limestone, near Village Anialiof Tehsil- Ranavav, District- Porbandar, State- Gujarat. I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
EIA Consultant In Situ Enviro Care Name Ajay Mohan Signature and date
18.05.2020
List of Functional Area Experts S. No. Functional Name of the expert/s Involvement Signature areas (period and task)
1 LU Dr. R. M. Singh Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Land Use Assessment
2 AP Mr. P. S. Sharma Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Air Pollution Assessment
3 AQ Mr. Ravindra Kamath Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 (Modelling done by Air Quality Assessment Outsourced Lab)
4 WP Dr. Nishi Naryani Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Water Pollution Assessment
5 EB Mr. Madan Prakash Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Ecology & Biodiversity Study
6 NV Mr. P S Sharma Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Noise Analysis
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7 SE Mrs. Asha Mathur Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Socio Economic Assessment
8 HG Mr. Ajay Mohan Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Hydro-Geological Study
9 GEO Dr. Manoj Kumar Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Geological Study
10 SC Dr. A. K. Mishra Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Soil Analysis Study
11 RH Mr. P S Sharma Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Risk & Hazard Assessment
12 SHW Mr. G.K. Mishra Dec.2018 to Feb.2019 Solid & Hazardous Waste Assessment
11.2 Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized Person
I, Ajay Mohan, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA of proposed Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project, Area- 12.27 ha., Cat-A , Mineral- Limestone, near Village Aniali of Tehsil- Ranavav, District- Porbandar, State- Gujarat.
I also confirm that EIA Coordinator (EC) has gone through the report, and the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information. It is certified that no unethical practices, plagiarism involved in carrying out the work and external data / text has not been used without proper acknowledgement while preparing this EIA report.
Signature
Name Ajay Mohan Designation Mining Coordinator
M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Page 292 Expansion of Aniali Rana Bordi Limestone Mining Project Final EIA/EMP
Name of the EIA Consultant In Situ Enviro Care Organisation NABET Certificate No. & Issue NABET/EIA/1821/RA0070 Date
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M/s TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED Page 293