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Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Assessment (90 Days) of Ethanolic Fraction of Leaves of Neurocalyx Calycinus (R
Interdiscip Toxicol. 2018; Vol. 11(3): 221–235. interdisciplinary doi: 10.2478/intox-2018-0021 Copyright © 2018 SETOX & IEPT CEM SASc. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attri- bution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0). ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sub-chronic oral toxicity assessment (90 days) of ethanolic fraction of leaves of Neurocalyx calycinus (R. Br. ex Benn.) Rob. in rodents: A lesser known ethnomedicinal plant from the Cholanaickan tribal community, India Ajayakumar Lalitha ANEESHKUMAR 1, Somasekharan nair Rajam SUJA 1, Viswambaran VILASH 1, Ragesh Raveendran NAIR 1, Elenjikkal Avarachan SIRIL 2, Sreedharan nair RAJASEKHARAN 1 1 Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2 Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India ITX110318A07 • Received: 10 July 2017 • Accepted: 13 October 2017 ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety of long term consumption of ethanolic fraction of Neurocalyx calycinus leaves (NCEF) in rodents. The NCEF was subjected to detect the presence of various phytoconstituents. In acute oral toxicity study, graded doses of NCEF was administered in mice and were observed up to 14 days. In sub-chronic oral toxicity study, NCEF was admin- istered to Wistar rats at doses of 50, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. per day for 90 days and after that, observed up to 28 days. NCEF showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenolics and glycosides. In acute toxicity study, there was no mortality and no behavioural signs of toxicity at the highest dose level (6400 mg/kg b.w.). -
The Biology of Casmara Subagronoma (Lepidoptera
insects Article The Biology of Casmara subagronoma (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a Stem-Boring Moth of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae): Descriptions of the Previously Unknown Adult Female and Immature Stages, and Its Potential as a Biological Control Candidate Susan A. Wineriter-Wright 1, Melissa C. Smith 1,* , Mark A. Metz 2 , Jeffrey R. Makinson 3 , Bradley T. Brown 3, Matthew F. Purcell 3, Kane L. Barr 4 and Paul D. Pratt 5 1 USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; [email protected] 2 USDA-ARS Systematic Entomology Lab, Beltsville, MD 20013-7012, USA; [email protected] 3 USDA-ARS Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia; jeff[email protected] (J.R.M.); [email protected] (B.T.B.); [email protected] (M.F.P.) 4 USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; [email protected] 5 USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-954-475-6549 Received: 27 August 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Simple Summary: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a perennial woody shrub throughout Southeast Asia. Due to its prolific flower and fruit production, it was introduced into subtropical areas such as Florida and Hawai’i, where it is now naturalized and invasive. In an effort to find sustainable means to control R. tomentosa, a large-scale survey was mounted for biological control organisms. -
Cfreptiles & Amphibians
WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 26(3):241–242 • JAN 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES First. Chasing BullsnakesRecord (Pituophis catenifer sayiof) in Wisconsin: Body-bending Behavior On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 from Asia. The Shared Historyin of Treeboasthe (Corallus Arrow-Headed grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: Trinket Snake, A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCHCoelognathus ARTICLES helena nigriangularis . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................(Squamata:Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Colubridae) Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERTDinesh Khate1 and Rahul V. Deshmukh2 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 1 . MoreWildLife Than Mammals Conservation .............................................................................................................................. -
Threats Assessment, Current Distributional Record, Field Status and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinally Important Bulbophyllum Thou
Trends4362 in Biosciences 10(22), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 4362-4369, in Biosciences 2017 10 (22), 2017 Threats Assessment, Current Distributional Record, Field Status and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinally Important Bulbophyllum Thou. (Orchidaceae) from Darjeeling and Kalimpong Districts of West Bengal, India RAJENDRA YONZONE Taxonomy and Ethnobiology Research Laboratory, Cluny Women’s College, P.O. Kalimpong, District Kalimpong, West Bengal email: [email protected] ABSTRACT they occur throughout the country excepting the drier Present paper deals with threats assessment, current Deccan plateau, Punjab and part of Gujarat (Hedge, 1984). North East India constitutes an Orchid hotspot and show distributional record, field status and therapeutic uses of medicinally important Bulbophyllum Thou. (Orchidaceae) maximum diversity in the Eastern Himalaya (Vanlalruati et from Darjeeling and Kalimpong Districts of West Bengal, al. 2016). Of the total Orchid species found in India nearly India. 70% found in North East India (Gogoi and Yonzone, 2013). It is estimated that over 22,500 species with 779 genera are distributed throughout the world (Mabberly, 2008). There Key words Orchidaceae, Bulbophyllum, Threats are 1331 species belonging to 186 genera (Chowdhery, assessment, Current distributional record, 2009); 1300 species in 184 genera (Singh and Chauhan, Field status, Therapeutic uses, Darjeeling 1999); 1129 species in 184 genera (Karthikeyan, 2000) widely and Kalimpong Districts. distributed throughout India. Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal possesses good resources of Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts are the Orchid species. northernmost hilly districts of West Bengal and it is the The use of Orchids as medicine is restricted as their part of Eastern Himalaya with different physiographic therapeutic knowledge is confine chiefly to few folk healers features. -
Andhra Pradesh
PROFILES OF SELECTED NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES OF INDIA JULY 2002 EDITED BY SHEKHAR SINGH ARPAN SHARMA INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NEW DELHI CONTENTS STATE NAME OF THE PA ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR CAMPBELL BAY NATIONAL PARK ISLANDS GALATHEA NATIONAL PARK MOUNT HARRIET NATIONAL PARK NORTH BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK MIDDLE BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK SOUTH BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK RANI JHANSI MARINE NATIONAL PARK WANDOOR MARINE NATIONAL PARK CUTHBERT BAY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY GALATHEA BAY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY INGLIS OR EAST ISLAND SANCTUARY INTERVIEW ISLAND SANCTUARY LOHABARRACK OR SALTWATER CROCODILE SANCTUARY ANDHRA PRADESH ETURUNAGARAM SANCTUARY KAWAL WILDLIFE SANCTUARY KINNERSANI SANCTUARY NAGARJUNASAGAR-SRISAILAM TIGER RESERVE PAKHAL SANCTUARY PAPIKONDA SANCTUARY PRANHITA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY ASSAM MANAS NATIONAL PARK GUJARAT BANSDA NATIONAL PARK PURNA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY HARYANA NAHAR SANCTUARY KALESAR SANCTUARY CHHICHHILA LAKE SANCTUARY ABUBSHEHAR SANCTUARY BIR BARA VAN JIND SANCTUARY BIR SHIKARGAH SANCTUARY HIMACHAL PRADESH PONG LAKE SANCTUARY RUPI BHABA SANCTUARY SANGLA SANCTUARY KERALA SILENT VALLEY NATIONAL PARK ARALAM SANCTUARY CHIMMONY SANCTUARY PARAMBIKULAM SANCTUARY PEECHI VAZHANI SANCTUARY THATTEKAD BIRD SANCTUARY WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY MEGHALAYA BALPAKARAM NATIONAL PARK SIJU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NOKREK NATIONAL PARK NONGKHYLLEM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY MIZORAM MURLEN NATIONAL PARK PHAWNGPUI (BLUE MOUNTAIN) NATIONAL 2 PARK DAMPA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY KHAWNGLUNG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY LENGTENG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NGENGPUI WILDLIFE -
Tabebuia Roseo-Alba
Tabebuia roseo-alba Tabebuia roseo-alba, known as white ipê, ipê-branco or lapacho blanco, is a Tabebuia roseo-alba tree native to Cerrado and Pantanal vegetation in Brazil, but also appears in Argentina (especially in the "Esteros del Ibera" wetlands) and more rarely in Paraguay. This plant is frequently used as an ornamental plant and honey plant in Brazil and Argentina.[2] On the other hand, its flowers seem to be less popular with many hummingbirds than those of other Tabebuia, being visited mostly by the occasional generalist species like the Gilded Sapphire (Hylocharis chrysura).[3] See also List of honey plants List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil List of plants of Pantanal vegetation of Brazil Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae References Clade: Tracheophytes 1. "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species" (http://www.th Clade: Angiosperms eplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-319304). Retrieved June 3, 2014. 2. Pott & Pott (1994) Clade: Eudicots 3. Baza Mendonça & dos Anjos (2005) Clade: Asterids BAZA MENDONÇA, LUCIANA & DOS ANJOS, LUIZ (2005): Beija-flores Order: Lamiales (Aves, Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área urbana do Sul do Brasil [Hummingbirds (Aves, Trochilidae) and their Family: Bignoniaceae flowers in an urban area of southern Brazil]. [Portuguese with English abstract] Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22(1): 51–59. Genus: Tabebuia doi:10.1590/S0101-81752005000100007 (https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0101-8 1752005000100007) PDF fulltext (http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v22 Species: T. roseo-alba n1/a07v22n1.pdf) Binomial name POTT, A. & POTT, V.J. (1994): Plantas do Pantanal [Plants of Pantanal]. -
Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation. -
Diversity of Orchid Species of Odisha State, India. with Note on the Medicinal and Economic Uses
Diversity of orchid species of Odisha state, India. With note on the medicinal and economic uses Sanjeet Kumar1*, Sweta Mishra1 & Arun Kumar Mishra2 ________________________________ 1Biodiversity and Conservation Lab., Ambika Prasad Research Foundation, India 2Divisional Forest Office, Rairangpur, Odisha, India * author for correspondence: [email protected] ________________________________ Abstract The state of Odisha is home to a great floral and faunistic wealth with diverse landscapes. It enjoys almost all types of vegetations. Among its floral wealth, the diversity of orchids plays an important role. They are known for their beautiful flowers having ecological values. An extensive survey in the field done from 2009 to 2020 in different areas of the state, supported by information found in the literature and by the material kept in the collections of local herbariums, allows us to propose, in this article, a list of 160 species belonging to 50 different genera. Furthermore, endemism, conservation aspects, medicinal and economic values of some of them are discussed. Résumé L'État d'Odisha abrite une grande richesse florale et faunistique avec des paysages variés. Il bénéficie de presque tous les types de végétations. Parmi ses richesses florales, la diversité des orchidées joue un rôle important. Ces dernières sont connues pour leurs belles fleurs ayant une valeurs écologiques. Une étude approfondie réalisée sur le terrain de 2009 à 2020 Manuscrit reçu le 04/09/2020 Article mis en ligne le 21/02/2021 – pp. 1-26 dans différentes zones de l'état, appuyée par des informations trouvées dans la littérature et par le matériel conservé dans les collections d'herbiers locaux, nous permettent de proposer, dans cet article, une liste de 160 espèces appartenant à 50 genres distincts. -
Studies on Insect Pests of Drumstick and Their Natural Enemies in Northern Dry Zone Climate of Karnataka, India
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 2175-2180 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.257 Studies on Insect Pests of Drumstick and their Natural Enemies in Northern Dry Zone Climate of Karnataka, India K. B. Rachana1, S. B. Jagginavar1*, H. T. Prakash2 and S. A. Biradar2 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, India 2ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vijayapur, Karnataka, UAS, Dharwad, (Karnataka), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Studies on status of insect pests on drumstick crop and their natural enemies were Drumstick, Noorda conducted at College of Agriculture campus, Vijayapur which is located in Northern dry zone climate of Karnataka. The population dynamics of insect pests on drumstick blitealis, Thrips, Natural enemies etc field was recorded throughout season (2018-19). The results revealed that, the insect pests viz., leaf eating caterpillar, Noorda blitealis Walker larvae found throughout the st Article Info year. The Maximum population (10.24 larvae /5 branches) was recorded during 51 Standard Meteorological Week (December). Thrips infestation was observed Accepted: throughout the year and maximum population (16.40 thrips /5 branches) was recorded 16 November 2020 th during 20 Standard Meteorological Week (May). Other insect viz., coccinellids, Available Online: praying mantid, spiders (Non insect) and parasitoid -
A Rapid Survey of Online Trade in Live Birds and Reptiles in The
S H O R T R E P O R T 0ൾඍඁඈൽඌ A rapid online survey was undertaken EHWZHHQDQG)HEUXDU\ GD\V DSSUR[LPDWHO\KRXUVVXUYH\GD\ RQ pre-selected Facebook groups specializing in the trade of live pets. Ten groups each for reptiles and birds were selected based on trading activities in the previous six months. The survey was carried out during ZHHN GD\V 0RQGD\ WR )ULGD\ E\ JRLQJ through each advertisement posted in A rapid survey of online trade in the groups. Information, including that live birds and reptiles in the Philippines relating to species, quantity, and asking HYDROSAURUS PUSTULATUS WWF / URS WOY WOY WWF / URS PUSTULATUS HYDROSAURUS SULFH ZDV QRWHG 6SHFLHV ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG Report by Cristine P. Canlas, Emerson Y. Sy, to the lowest taxonomic level whenever and Serene Chng possible. Taxonomy follows Gill and 'RQVNHU IRU ELUGV DQG 8HW] et al. IRUUHSWLOHV7KHDXWKRUVFDOFXODWHG ,ඇඍඋඈൽඎർඍංඈඇ WKH WRWDO SRWHQWLDO YDOXH R൵HUHG IRU ELUGV and reptiles based on prices indicated he Philippines is the second largest archipelago in the world by traders. Advertisements that did not comprising 7641 islands and is both a mega-biodiverse specify prices were assigned the lowest country for harbouring wildlife species found nowhere known price for each taxon. Valuations in else in the world, and one of eight biodiversity hotspots this report were based on a conversion rate having a disproportionate number of species threatened with RI86' 3+3 $QRQ ,WLV ,//8675$7,213+,/,33,1(6$,/),1/,=$5' TH[WLQFWLRQIXUWKHULWKDVVRPHRIWKHKLJKHVWUDWHVRIHQGHPLFLW\LQWKH not always possible during online surveys world (Myers et al 7KHLOOHJDOZLOGOLIHWUDGHLVRQHRIWKHPDLQ WRYHULI\WKDWDOOR൵HUVDUHJHQXLQH UHDVRQVEHKLQGVLJQL¿FDQWGHFOLQHVRIVRPHZLOGOLIHSRSXODWLRQVLQ$VLD LQFOXGLQJWKH3KLOLSSLQHV $QRQ6RGKLet al1LMPDQDQG 5ൾඌඎඅඍඌ 6KHSKHUG'LHVPRVet al5DRet al 7KHWildlife Act of 2001 (Republic Act No. -
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical
ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Diversity of Squamates (Scaled Reptiles) in Selected Urban Areas of Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental. John C Naelga*, Daniel Robert P Tayag, Hazel L Yañez, and Astrid L Sinco. Xavier University – Ateneo De Cagayan, Kinaadman Resource Center. ABSTRACT This study was conducted to provide baseline information on the local urban diversity of squamates in the selected areas of Barangay Kauswagan, Barangay Balulang, and Barangay FS Catanico in Cagayan de Oro City. These urban sites are close to the river and are likely to be inhabited by reptiles. Each site had at least ten (10) points and was sampled no less than five (5) times in the months of September to November 2016 using homemade traps and the Cruising-Transect walk method. One representative per species was preserved. A total of two hundred sixty-seven (267) individuals, grouped into four (4) families and ten (10) species were found in the sampling areas. Six (6) snake species were identified, namely: Boiga cynodon, Naja samarensis, Chrysopelea paradisi, Gonyosoma oxycephalum, Coelegnathus erythrurus eryhtrurus, and Dendrelaphis pictus; while four (4) species were lizards namely: Gekko gecko, Hemidactylus platyurus, Lamprolepis smaragdina philippinica, and Eutropis multifasciata.In Barangay Kauswagan, Hemidactylus platyurus was the most abundant (RA= 52.94%). In Barangay Balulang, the most abundant species was Hemidactylus platyurus (RA= 43.82%). In Barangay FS Catanico, the most abundant was Hemidactylus platyurus (RA= 40.16%). The area with the highest species diversity was Barangay FS Catanico (H= 1.36), followed by Barangay Balulang (H= 1.28), and Barangay Kauswagan (H= 1.08). -
Investigation of a Rotifer (Brachionus Calyciflorus) - Green Alga (Scenedesmus Pectinatus) Interaction Under Non- and Nutrient-Limi- Ted Conditions
Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 2006, 42 (1), 9-17 Investigation of a rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) - green alga (Scenedesmus pectinatus) interaction under non- and nutrient-limi- ted conditions M. Lürling Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 8080, NL-6700DD Wageningen, The Netherlands Two-day life cycle tests with the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were run to study the nutritional quality effects to rotifers of Scenedesmus pectinatus grown under non-limiting, nitrogen limiting and phosphorus limiting conditions and the feedback of the rotifers on the food algae. Under nutrient-limited conditions of its algal food Brachionus production was depressed, animals pro- duced fewer eggs and were smaller sized. Clearance rates of Brachionus offered non-nutrient-limited and nutrient-limited food were similar. The number of cells per colony was similar for S. pectinatus under nitrogen limited and phosphorus limited condi- tions both in the absence and presence of Brachionus. Cell volumes of phosphorus limited S. pectinatus were larger than those of nitrogen limited cells. The most dramatic response of the food alga S. pectinatus was observed in non-nutrient-limited condi- tions: a strong size enlargement occurred only in the presence of Brachionus. This was caused by a higher share of eight-celled colonies and larger individual cell volumes in the presence of rotifers than in their absence. S. pectinatus might gain an advan- tage of becoming larger in moving out of the feeding window of its enemy, but nutrient limited conditions might undermine the effectiveness of such reaction. Keywords : clearance rate, food quality, grazing, induced defence, morphology, plankton interactions Introduction constraints on growth, but also food quality constraints.