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Studies on Insect Pests of Drumstick and Their Natural Enemies in Northern Dry Zone Climate of Karnataka, India

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Studies on Insect Pests of Drumstick and Their Natural Enemies in Northern Dry Zone Climate of Karnataka, India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 2175-2180 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.257 Studies on Insect Pests of Drumstick and their Natural Enemies in Northern Dry Zone Climate of Karnataka, India K. B. Rachana1, S. B. Jagginavar1*, H. T. Prakash2 and S. A. Biradar2 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, India 2ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vijayapur, Karnataka, UAS, Dharwad, (Karnataka), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Studies on status of insect pests on drumstick crop and their natural enemies were Drumstick, Noorda conducted at College of Agriculture campus, Vijayapur which is located in Northern dry zone climate of Karnataka. The population dynamics of insect pests on drumstick blitealis, Thrips, Natural enemies etc field was recorded throughout season (2018-19). The results revealed that, the insect pests viz., leaf eating caterpillar, Noorda blitealis Walker larvae found throughout the st Article Info year. The Maximum population (10.24 larvae /5 branches) was recorded during 51 Standard Meteorological Week (December). Thrips infestation was observed Accepted: throughout the year and maximum population (16.40 thrips /5 branches) was recorded 16 November 2020 th during 20 Standard Meteorological Week (May). Other insect viz., coccinellids, Available Online: praying mantid, spiders (Non insect) and parasitoid Braconid sp. were also recorded. 10 December 2020 Introduction Eupterotidae: Lepidoptera and Tetragonia siva Lef., Metanastria hyrtaca Cramer, Drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) is Lasiocampidae: Lepidoptera), bud worm indigenous to our country, Pakistan and (Noorda moringae Tams., Crambidae: Nepal borders, it is widely cultivated in other Lepidoptera), bark eating caterpillar parts of both the old and new world tropics, (Indarbela quadrinotata Walker, including Asia, Africa and South and Central Indarbelidae: Lepidoptera), Stem borers America. Different types of soil and forest (Indarbela tetraonis Moore, Indarbelidae: soil which is rich in humous become the most Lepidoptera and Diaxenopsis apomecynoides ideal for growth of drumstick. In India Bruning, Cerambycida: Coleoptera), longhorn drumstick is locally known as 'Nuggekai' beetle (Batocera rubus L., Cerambycidae: (Kannada). In India drumstick is attacked by Coleoptera), ash weevils (Myllocerus discolor different insect pests, attacking at the various var. variegates Boheman, M. delicatulus and stages of this tree viz., leaf eating caterpillars M. viridanus, Curculionidae: Coleoptera), (Noorda blitealis Walker, Crambidae: aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphididae: Lepidoptera, Eupterote mollifera Walker, Hemiptera), Tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis 2175 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 2175-2180 antonii Sign., Miridae: Hemiptera), bud Results and Discussion midges (Stictodiplosis moringae Mani, Cecidomyiidae: Diptera), scale insects The activity of leaf eating caterpillar was (Diaspidiotus sp., Diaspididae: Homoptera observed throughout the year. During study and Ceroplastodes cajani Mask, Coccidae: period the population was ranged from 1.12 to Hemiptera), Pod fly (Gitona distigma Meigen, 10.24 larvae per five branches, respectively. Drosophilidae: Diptera) (Kader and However, the maximum larval population Shanmugavelu, 1982; Ragumoorthi and (10.24 larvae/plant) was recorded during 51st Arumugum, 1992; Kalia and Joshi, 1997; Standard Meteorological Week of December, Munj et al., 1998; Usha et al., 2010; David while minimum population (1.12 larve/plant) and Ramamurthy, 2016). With this was recorded during 22nd Standard background, the present study was taken up to Meteorological Week of May (Fig. 1). The study the status of drumstick insect pests and present findings are similar with the results of their natural enemies in Northern dry zone of Munj et al., (1998) who reported Noorda Karnataka. blitealis Walker infestation on drumstick. Defoliation occurred in three peak periods, Materials and Methods first from July to August, second on October and third on January. Activity of pest was The experiment was conducted in kharif noticed throughout the year and the highest season, 2018 at College of Agriculture, population was noticed in January while least Vijayapur. Established drumstick (PKM-1 population was noticed from May to June. Variety) plantation of one and half year old These findings are in accordance with the was used to study the population dynamics of results of Butani and Verma (1981) recorded insect pests and their natural enemies. Noorda blitealis Walker causes maximum damage on drumstick during March to April The observations on the pest incidence were and December to January. Mahesh and recorded at weekly interval from ten Kotikal (2014) observed severe infestation of randomly selected plants. Simultaneously the Noorda blitealis Walker on drumstick. It beneficial fauna was also being recorded and caused 100 per cent foliage damage. Activity mean data was calculated. Observation on leaf of N. blitealis was noticed throughout the eating caterpillar, N.blitealis, thrips and year. Maximum (11.2 larvae per branch) predators were recorded on ten randomly larval population was noticed during second selected plants and expressed as mean fortnight of April and 7.8 larvae per branch population of insects/5 branches. The were noticed during second fortnight of observation on parasitoids was taken by October. collecting the larvae from the field on respective SMW (Standard Meteorological The drumstick infesting thrips species Week) and kept in rearing cages to observe identified as two phytophagous thrips, for parasitoids emergence, later the per cent Euphysothrips subramanii and Exothrips parasitisation was worked out by using the hemavarna (Ramakrishna and Margabandhu) formula, (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and one was predatory thrips, Franklinothrips sp. Number of parasitoid emerged (Thysanoptera : Aeolothripidae). The activity Per cent parasitisation = × 100 Total number of larvae collected of thrips was observed throughout the year and population was ranged from 2.56 to 16.40 thrips per five branches which was coincided 2176 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 2175-2180 during 23rd Standard Meteorological Week of Okajima, 1998 reported Franklinothrips sp. June to 22nd Standard Meteorological Week association with prey on economically of May. Maximum population (16.40/ 5 important crops viz., avocados, beans, cacao, branches) was recorded during 20th Standard chillies, citrus, coffee, eggplant and melons. Meteorological Week of May (Fig. 1). The Thrips, Franklinothrips orizabensis Johansen present finding is in accordance with Bana et extensively used for the study of its biology al., 2018 reported Exothrips hemavarna and predatory efficacy on avocado thrips, Ramakrishna and Margabandhu in mango and Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: this thrips was more active in the months of Thripidae). In Europe, F. orizabensis used as February-March (vegetative and flowering an efficient bio-control agent against thrips, S. cum fruit setting stages). Arakaki and perseae. Table.1 Population dynamics of predators during 2018-19 Month SMW Mean number of insects/ branch (n=5) Coccinellids Praying mantid Spiders June 23 0.00 0.02 0.02 24 0.00 0.00 0.02 25 0.02 0.02 0.00 26 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 27 0.02 0.00 0.02 28 0.08 0.00 0.00 29 0.00 0.00 0.04 30 0.00 0.02 0.00 31 0.02 0.00 0.02 August 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 33 0.04 0.00 0.06 34 0.02 0.02 0.04 35 0.06 0.04 0.00 September 36 0.00 0.00 0.00 37 0.04 0.00 0.02 38 0.02 0.00 0.00 39 0.00 0.00 0.02 October 40 0.02 0.00 0.02 41 0.04 0.00 0.06 42 0.00 0.02 0.00 43 0.02 0.00 0.00 44 0.00 0.00 0.00 November 45 0.00 0.02 0.04 46 0.00 0.00 0.00 47 0.00 0.00 0.02 48 0.00 0.00 0.06 December 49 0.00 0.00 0.04 50 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cont.. 2177 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 2175-2180 51 0.00 0.00 0.08 52 0.00 0.00 0.02 January 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 0.02 0.00 0.04 3 0.00 0.00 0.02 4 0.00 0.00 0.06 5 0.02 0.02 0.00 February 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 0.02 0.00 0.00 8 0.00 0.02 0.00 9 0.06 0.00 0.00 March 10 0.00 0.02 0.00 11 0.04 0.00 0.00 12 0.02 0.00 0.00 13 0.00 0.00 0.02 14 0.02 0.00 0.00 April 15 0.00 0.02 0.02 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 17 0.00 0.00 0.00 18 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 19 0.00 0.02 0.02 20 0.00 0.00 0.00 21 0.00 0.00 0.04 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mean 0.01 0.01 0.02 S.D. ± 0.02 0.01 0.02 SMW: Standard Meteorological Week Table.2 Population status of parasitiods and per cent parasitisation Sl SMW No. of larvae collected No. of Parasitisation No. (N. blitealis) emerged (%) parasitoids 1 32 20 2.00 10.00 2 33 20 1.00 5.00 3 34 20 1.00 5.00 4 35 20 3.00 15.00 5 49 20 2.00 10.00 6 50 20 2.00 10.00 7 51 20 1.00 5.00 8 52 20 3.00 15.00 9 4 20 2.00 10.00 10 5 20 2.00 10.00 Mean 1.9 S.D. ± 0.74 2178 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 2175-2180 Fig Population dynamics of leaf eating caterpillar, Noorda blitealis Walker and thrips* during 2018-19 18 Larvae Thrips 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 Mean number of larvae and thrips per 5 branches larvae thrips of and Mean number 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 JUNE JULY August September October November December January February March April May Months Fig.
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