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WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 26(3):241–242 • JAN 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES First. Chasing BullsnakesRecord (Pituophis catenifer sayiof) in Wisconsin: Body-bending Behavior On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 from Asia. The Shared Historyin of Treeboasthe (Corallus Arrow-Headed grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: Trinket Snake, A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCHCoelognathus ARTICLES helena nigriangularis . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................(Squamata:Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Colubridae) Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERTDinesh Khate1 and Rahul V. Deshmukh2 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 1 . MoreWildLife Than Mammals Conservation ............................................................................................................................... Trust, Bhagyachakrya, Nagpur, Maharashtra-440025, India ([email protected])....................................... 223 2Teacher. The Colony,“Dow Jones Ghire Index” Lay-out, of Biodiversity Kalmeshwar-Brahmani, ............................................................................................................................... Nagpur, Maharashtra-441501, India ([email protected])............ 225 HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 nakes display aPROFILE wide variety of antipredator tactics that Arrow-Headed Trinket Snakes are known to occur Sinclude cryptic coloration,. Kraig Adler: A Lifetimeimmobility, Promoting Herpetologystruggling, ................................................................................................ cloa- in eastern Maharashtra, Michael eastern L. Treglia Madhya 234 Pradesh, Andhra cal discharge, sound production, S-coil posture, tail vibra- Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, southern Chhattisgarh, and COMMENTARY tions, actively breaking the tail, exuding blood from the West Bengal (Lampe 1902; Edake 2011; Srivastava et al. The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238 eyes, feigning death, biting, and spitting venom (e.g., Greene 2013; Kantimahanti et al. 2015; Mohapatra et al. 2016; 1997). Body-bendingBOOK behavior REVIEW was described as “a cryp- Chowdhury et al. 2018; Uetz et al. 2019). Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, tic defensive behavior inR. arborealBerridge, P. Ramani, snakes” and B.E. by Young Marques .............................................................................................................. et al. At 1024 h on 17 December Robert Powell 2017,243 the senior author (2006) and was described for the first time by Beebee (1946). encountered an adult Arrow-Headed Trinket Snake (Fig. 1A) Subsequently, this behaviorCONSERVATION has been RESEARCH recorded REPORTS: in various Summaries of Publishedalong Conservation a blacktop Research road Reports in ................................. the Melghat 245 Tiger Reserve near the NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 species from the Western NEWBRIEFS Hemisphere ............................................................................................................................... by Abuys (1986), Belkund Rest House,....................................................... Koha (21.333932 248 °N, -77.138479°E) Marques et al. (2006), EDITORIAL Doherty-Bone INFORMATION (2009), ............................................................................................................................... Maddock et at an elevation of 731 m. The...................... unsexed 251 snake (~1,400 mm al. (2011), Pinheiro FOCUSMiranda ON CONSERVATION et al. (2012),: RibeiroA Project You Duarte Can Support ...............................................................................................in total length) was basking. Upon 252 closer observation, we (2012), and Torres et al. (2015). Herein, we report the first noticed multiple, regular bends in its body, causing it to observed occurrence of this behavior in the Arrow-Headed resemble a piece of bamboo (Figs. 1B & 1C). We observed Trinket Snake (Coelognathus helena nigriangularis) from the the snake for 40 min, during which it exhibited body-bend- Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Indian Subcontinent. Totat et velleseque audant mo ingTotat behavior et velleseque with audant its mo head slightly elevated for 15 min. estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo. Fig. 1. (A) An adult Arrow-Headed Trinket Snake (Coelognathus helena nigriangularis) observed near the Belkund Rest House in the Melghat Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, India. (B & C) The snake exhibiting body-bending behavior with a slightly elevated head. Photographs by Dinesh Khate. Copyright © 2020. Dinesh Khate. All rights reserved. 241 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 KHATE AND DESHMUKH IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 26(3):241–242 • JAN 2020 Marques et al. (2006) suggested that body-bending behaviour. Herpetological Bulletin 109: 38–39. behavior served primarily as a cryptic function in arboreal Edake, S. 2011. Serpents of Bandhavgarh. Trustees of the Corbett Foundation Newsletter, October-December 2010 & January-March 2011: 1–8. snakes as the transition from a stretched position to a bent Greene, H.W. 1997. Snakes. The Evolution of Mystery in Nature. University of posture removed the visual cues (i.e., an elongate search California Press, Berkeley, California. image) perceived by a predator. Maddock et al. (2011) indi- Kantimahanti, M., K.D. Schulz, and V. Sharma. 2015. New locality record of cated that such behavior could be more widespread than pre- Coelognathus helena cf. monticollaris (Schulz, 1992) from Andhra Pradesh, India. Sauria 37(4): 71–74. viously thought and that the adaptive value of this behavior Lampe, E. (mit Bemerkungen von W.A. Lindholm). 1902. Katalog der could extend beyond an arboreal lifestyle. Ribeiro Duarte Reptilien- und Amphibien Sammling (Schlangen; Frosch-, Schwanz- und (2012) suggested that it might serve as a signal to a preda- Schleichenlurche) des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Wiesbaden. Jahrbücher tor that the latter had been detected and that the snake was des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 55: 1–66. Maddock, S., B. Tolhurst, M. Brown, M. Peck, E. Villacis Pérez, and J. Noe prepared to flee or strike. Regardless of its primary purpose, Morales. 2011. Body bending behavior: more widespread than previ- body-bending appears to be an effective anti-predator behav- ously thought? New report from two snake species of northwest Ecuador. ior, and the diversity of species employing this strategy may Herpetology Notes 4: 79–81. Marques, O.A.V., M.G. Rodrigues, and I. Sazima. 2006. Body bending: a cryptic be regarded as an instance of behavioral convergence. behavior in arboreal snakes. Herpetological Bulletin 97: 2–4. Mohapatra, P.P., K.D. Schulz, N. Helfenberger, S. Hofmann, and S.K. Dutta. Acknowledgements 2016. A contribution to the Indian Trinket Snake, Coelognathus helena We are very grateful to Vishal Bansode, Ashish Choudhari (Daudin, 1803), with the description of a new subspecies. Russian Journal of Herpetology 23: 115–144. (Pilot), Munna Sheikh, Kiran Bawaskar, Sagar Deshmukh, Pinheiro Miranda, J., J.C. Lopes Costa, C.F.D. Rocha. 2012. Body-bending behav- Swapnil Badhekar, and Shubham Katgube for helping in vari- iour: a new instance in a terrestrial snake from Brazil. Herpetological Bulletin ous ways. 122: 35–37. Ribeiro Duarte, M. 2012. The intriguing “Liana-mimicry” or “Body-bending” behav- ior in snakes: cryptic or signaling behaviour? Herpetology Notes 5: 303–304. Literature Cited Srivastava, D.S., P.S. Easa, and J.B. Jauhar. 2013. Integrated Wildlife Management Abuys, A. 1986. The snakes of Surinam, part XIII: Subfamily Xenodontinae (genera Plan for Singhbhum, Jharkhand. Unpublished report submitted to the Pseudoeryx, Pseustes and Rhadinaea). Litteratura Serpentium 6: 19–30. Department of Forest and Environment, Government of Jharkhand, India. Beebee, W. 1946. Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo, British Guiana and Torres, J., O. Torres, R. Berazaín, and T.M. Rodríguez-Cabrera. 2015. Body- Caripito, Venezuela. Zoolologica 31: 11–52. bending behavior in the Cuban Racer, Cubophis cantherigerus (Squamata, Chowdhury, S., R. Sengupta, S. Mitra, and A. Chaudhuri. 2018. Extension of the Dipsadidae): Possible mimicry with the Monkey Ladder Vine, Bauhinia gla- known range of the Trinket Snake, Coelognathus helena nigriangularis (Reptilia: bra (Caesalpinaceae). Reptiles & Amphibians 22: 27–28. Squamata: Colubridae), in India. Reptiles & Amphibians 25: 129–131. Uetz, P., P. Freed, and J. Hošek (eds.). 2019. The Reptile Database. <http://www. Doherty-Bone, T.M. 2009. Elaphe obsoleta spilodes (Grey Rat Snake): body-bending reptile-database.org>. 242.
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  • Fisheries Order 224.21 Regulations on the Take of Reptiles and Amphibians

    Fisheries Order 224.21 Regulations on the Take of Reptiles and Amphibians

    FO-224.21 FISHERIES ORDER Regulations on the Take of Reptiles and Amphibians Order 224.21 By authority conferred on the Natural Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources by Part 487 of 1994 PA 451, MCL 324.48701 to 324.48740, ordered on October 8, 2020, the following section(s) of the Fisheries Order shall read effective April 1, 2021, except as otherwise provided: It shall be unlawful to kill, take, trap, possess, buy, sell, offer to buy or sell, barter, or attempt to take, trap, possess or barter any reptile or amphibian from the wild, or the eggs of any reptile or amphibian from the wild, except as provided within this order. GENERAL 1. The following species of reptiles and amphibians shall not be taken from the wild and possessed except as authorized under a permit for scientific research, conservation, or educational purposes from the director: Eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) Queen snake (Regina septemvittata) Grey rat snake (Pantherophis spiloides) [formerly known as the Black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta)] – exception: albino color variations of this species commonly bred in the pet trade may be possessed without permit Butler’s garter snake (Thamnophis butleri) Smooth green snake (Opheodrys vernalis) [= Liochlorophis vernalis} Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) Wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina) Boreal chorus frog (Pseudarcris maculata) Mink frog (Rana septentrionalis) Pickerel frog (Rana palustris) Fowler’s toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus]fowleri) [= Bufo woodhousii fowleri] Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) Northern two-lined salamander (Eurycea bisleneata) Northern dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) Western lesser siren (Siren intermedia nettingi) 2.
  • Colubrid Venom Composition: an -Omics Perspective

    Colubrid Venom Composition: an -Omics Perspective

    toxins Review Colubrid Venom Composition: An -Omics Perspective Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo 1,*, Pollyanna F. Campos 1, Ana T. C. Ching 2 and Stephen P. Mackessy 3 1 Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; [email protected] 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639-0017, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-11-2627-9731 Academic Editor: Bryan Fry Received: 7 June 2016; Accepted: 8 July 2016; Published: 23 July 2016 Abstract: Snake venoms have been subjected to increasingly sensitive analyses for well over 100 years, but most research has been restricted to front-fanged snakes, which actually represent a relatively small proportion of extant species of advanced snakes. Because rear-fanged snakes are a diverse and distinct radiation of the advanced snakes, understanding venom composition among “colubrids” is critical to understanding the evolution of venom among snakes. Here we review the state of knowledge concerning rear-fanged snake venom composition, emphasizing those toxins for which protein or transcript sequences are available. We have also added new transcriptome-based data on venoms of three species of rear-fanged snakes. Based on this compilation, it is apparent that several components, including cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRiSPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), CTLs-like proteins and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), are broadly distributed among “colubrid” venoms, while others, notably three-finger toxins (3FTxs), appear nearly restricted to the Colubridae (sensu stricto).