DOCSLIB.ORG

New District Records of Snakes in Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New District Records of Snakes in Nepal HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 27(3):442–443189 • DEC 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS NewFEATURE District ARTICLES Records of Snakes in Nepal . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding Rohitthe Ecology Giri and1, ConservationRoshan Giri of the2, Midwest’sand Kamal Giant SerpentDevkota ......................3 Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: 1 A HypotheticalDepartment Excursion ............................................................................................................................ of Zoology, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara,Robert Nepal W. Henderson 198 2Shree Chhorepatan Higher Secondary School, Pokhara, Nepal RESEARCH ARTICLES3Nepal Toxinology Association, Kawasoti, Nawalpur, Nepal ([email protected]) . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 ight species of mildly venomous, rear-fanged catsnakes CONSERVATION ALERT in the genus Boiga have been reported from Nepal (Shah E . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 and Tiwari 2004;. PandeyMore Than Mammalset al. 2018). ............................................................................................................................... Boiga ceylonensis had ....................................... 223 been reported from. The Chitlang, “Dow Jones Index”Makwanpur of Biodiversity District, ............................................................................................................................... by Wall ............ 225 (1907), but SmithHUSBANDRY (1943) listed this record as B. nuchalis (see also Shah and Tiwari. Captive 2004). Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 The Himalayan Catsnake (B. multifasciata) is abundant on low vegetationPROFILE in forested areas of the mid-hill region at . elevations of 610–3,100Kraig Adler: m A (Schleich Lifetime Promoting and HerpetologyKästle 2002; ................................................................................................ Shah Michael L. Treglia 234 and Tiwari 2004;COMMENTARY Whitaker and Captain 2004). We encoun- tered an adult Himalayan. The Turtles Have Catsnake Been Watching (Fig. Me ........................................................................................................................1) at 0925 h on Eric Gangloff 238 Fig. 2. Map of Nepal showing known localities of the Black-banded 28 August 2020BOOK in Ganesh REVIEW Tole, Mulpani, Baglung District, Trinket Snake (Oreocryptophis porphyraceus). Districts with previously pub- Nepal (28°15'30"N,. Threatened 83°33'49"E; Amphibians ofelev. the World 1,133 edited m by asl). S.N. Stuart,This M. Hoffmann,lished localities J.S. Chanson, are marked N.A. Cox, in yellow and new observations are indicated by is the first record of R.the Berridge, species P. Ramani, from and Baglung B.E. Young District............................................................................................................... The green dots in districts colored light Robert blue. Powell 243 nearest published locality is in Kaski District, ca. 80 km to the northeast (Shah andCONSERVATION Tiwari 2004). RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 NEWBRIEFS ............................................................................................................................... The Black-banded....................................................... Trinket Snake 248 (Oreocryptophis por- EDITORIAL INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................................phyraceus) inhabits low but dense...................... vegetation 251 and agricultural FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ...............................................................................................lands near forests in tropical montane 252 forests at elevations of 1,000–2,600 m in India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Thailand, the Malaysian Peninsula, and Indonesia (Schleich and Kästle 2002; Shah and Tiwari 2004; Whitaker and Captain 2004). Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. In Nepal,Back Cover. this Michael species Kern is considered rare and has been reported Totat et velleseque audant mo onlyTotat from et velleseque Kaski audant and mo Illam Districts (Schleich and Kästle estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus,2002; Rai quos 2003; accullabo. Shah Ilibus and Tiwari 2004) (Fig. 2). aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolorWe apicto encountered invere pe dolum an adult Black-banded Trinket Snake fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia(Fig. 3A)erere nonsedisat 1700 ma hsectia on- 9 May 2019 near forest in Pakhribas, ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos Dhankutatur ma derrovitae District, voluptam, Nepal as (27°00'44"N, 87°21'29"E; elev. accullabo. 1,230 m asl). At 1734 h on 24 May 2019, local people killed a snake presumed to be a venomous Banded Krait (Bungarus fasciatus) in a village in the same district (27°04'28"N, 87°14'41"E; elev. 1,359 m asl). It was a young O. porphyraceus (Fig. 3B). At 0715 h on 26 August 2020, an adult (Fig. 3C) was found next to a house near the Khotang District Hospital, Diktel, Khotang District, Nepal (27°12'47"N 86°47'36"E; elev. 1,595 m asl). This snake was released into nearby nat- Fig. 1. A Himalayan Catsnake (Boiga multifasciata) from Baglung District, ural habitat. These are the first records from Dhankuta and Nepal. Photograph by Sandip Sharma. Khotang Districts. This species is likely to have a wider than Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 442 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. GIRI ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 27(3):442–443 • DEC 2020 Fig. 3. An adult (A) and a juvenile (B) Black-banded Trinket Snake (Oreocryptophis porphyraceus) from Dhankuta District and an adult (C) from Khotang District, Nepal. Photographs by Binaya Bhusal (A, B) and Nipun Shrestha (C). documented distribution in Nepal but due to its resemblance Literature Cited to the Banded Krait, people often misidentify and kill it. Pandey, D.P., D. Jelic, S. Sapkota, H.M. Lama, B. Lama, K. Pokharel, M. Goode, and U. Kuch. 2018. New records of snakes from Chitwan National Park and All snakes were identified based on descriptions in vicinity, Central Nepal. Herpetology Notes 11: 679–696. Schleich and Kästle (2002), Shah and Tiwari (2004), and Rai, K.R. 2003. Environmental impact systematic and distribution of herpetofauna Whitaker and Captain (2004). from east Nepal. Ph.D. Thesis, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu. Acknowledgements Schleich, S.H. and W. Kästle (eds.). 2002. Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal: Biology, We thank Sandip Sharma for providing photographs of the Systematics, Field Guide. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein. Shah, K.B. and S. Tiwari. 2004. Herpetofauna of Nepal: A Conservation Companion. Himalayan Catsnake, Binaya Bhusal and Nipun Shrestha for IUCN Nepal, Patan, Nepal. providing photographs of the Black-banded Trinket Snakes, Whitaker, R. and Captain, A. 2004. Snakes of India. The Field Guide. Draco Books, and Hem Bahadur Katuwal for assistance with the map. Chennai, India. 443.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Species Diversity of Snakes in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
    & Herpeto gy lo lo gy o : h C it u n r r r e O Fellows, Entomol Ornithol Herpetol 2014, 4:1 n , t y R g e o l s o e Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: DOI: 10.4172/2161-0983.1000136 a m r o c t h n E ISSN: 2161-0983 Current Research ResearchCase Report Article OpenOpen Access Access Species Diversity of Snakes in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Sandeep Fellows* Asst Conservator of forest, Madhya Pradesh Forest Department (Information Technology Wing), Satpura Bhawan, Bhopal (M.P) Abstract Madhya Pradesh (MP), the central Indian state is well-renowned for reptile fauna. In particular, Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR) regions (Districts Hoshangabad, Betul and Chindwara) of MP comprises a vast range of reptiles, especially herpetofauna yet unexplored from the conservation point of view. Earlier inventory herpetofaunal study conducted in 2005 at MP and Chhattisgarh (CG) reported 6 snake families included 39 species. After this preliminary report, no literature existing regarding snake diversity of this region. This situation incited us to update the snake diversity of PBR regions. From 2010 to 2012, we conducted a detailed field study and recorded 31 species of 6 snake families (Boidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Typhlopidea, Uropeltidae, and Viperidae) in Hoshanagbad District (Satpura Tiger Reserve) and PBR regions. Besides, we found the occurrence of Boiga forsteni and Coelognatus helena monticollaris (Colubridae), which was not previously reported in PBR region. Among the recorded, 9 species were Lower Risk – least concerned (LR-lc), 20 were of Lower Risk – near threatened (LR-nt), 1 is Endangered (EN) and 1 is vulnerable (VU) according to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal: SASEC Road Connectivity Project: Leguwaghat-Bhojpur
    Initial Environmental Examination February 2013 NEP: SASEC Road Connectivity Project Leguwaghat — Bhojpur Subproject Prepared by the Department of Road, Ministry of Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management for the Asian Development Bank. 16. ii CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 21 February 2013) Currency unit – Nepalese rupee (NR) NR1.00 – $ 0.0115340254 $1.00 – NR86.700000 ABBREVIATIONS EPR Environmental Protection Rules ES Environmental Specialist EWH East-West Highway FIDIC Federation International Des Ingenieurs- Conseils FS Feasibility Study GESU Geo-Environmental and Social Unit GHG Green House Gas IA Implementing Agency ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JICA Japan International Co-operative Agency LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MCT Main Central Trust MHH Mid-Hill Highway MOE Ministry of Environment MoPPW Ministry of Physical Planning and Works MRM Mahendra Raj Marg NAAQS Nepal Ambient Air Quality Standard NEP Nepal NGO Non Government Organization NOx Nitrogen Oxide OD Origin-Destination PD Project Directorate pH Percentage of Hydrogen PPE Personal Protective Equipment PIP Priority Investment Plan PPMO Public Procurement Monitoring Office RCP Road Connectivity Project - ADB RAP Rural Access Programmme -DFID RAP Rural Access Program RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete RCSP Road Connectivity Sector Project - ADB iii REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RIP Road Improvement Project- DOR RNDP Road Network Development Project
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Transformation Around Koshi Hill Region: a Rural Development Perspective
    95 NJ: NUTA Agricultural Transformation around Koshi Hill Region: A Rural Development Perspective Tirtha Raj Timalsina Lecturer, Dhankuta Multiple Campus, Dhankuta Eastern Nepal Email for correspondence:[email protected] Abstract Agriculture is considered to be the basic segment and the backbone of developing economy. In the same way it is a prime and domonent sector of Nepalese rural livelihood. By considering this fact, the true value of rural development lies on the rapid transformation of existing agricultural sector. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of agricultural transformation for rural development of Koshi Hill Region (KHR) of eastern Nepal. Both the primary as well as secondary data and information have been used to obtain the required findings. The study reveals the fact that agriculture is inevitable for rural people and its transformation is essential for the development of rural areas and the nation as a whole. Including primarily to the road network, the development of infrastructure can play the detrimental role to change the backward and rural scenario of this country. Key words: Agricultural transformation, rural development, Koshi-Hill, essential, backbone, access. Conceptualization Agriculture is an important segment of traditional (feudal) economy, the transformation from feudalism to capitalism necessarily implies a transformation of agriculture (Lekhi, 2005). Thereby, agriculture is the prime occupation and also the backbone of most of the developing economies. The countries that are in the low profile of international comparision, no doubt they are moving on stagnat and backward agriculture with under or misutilized physical as well as human resources. The country which are backward and underdeveloped are not always facing the scarcity of resources but the techniques or to know how to manage the scarcely available means and reslurces is accepted as the principal understanding of development science.
    [Show full text]
  • Herpetofauna Diversity from Khamgaon, District Buldhana (M.S.) Central India
    Int. J. of Life Sciences, 2016, Vol. 4 (3): 412-418 ISSN: 2320-7817| eISSN: 2320-964X RESEARCH ARTICLE Herpetofauna Diversity from Khamgaon, district Buldhana (M.S.) Central India Bawaskar Prakas S1 and Bawaskar Kiran S2 1P.G. Department of Zoology G.S. College, Khamgaon-444303, Dist-Buldana (M.S.) India. 2Department of Chemistry Narasamma Hirayya College, Kiran nagar , Amravati 444601. *Corresponding author Email: [email protected] | [email protected] Manuscript details: ABSTRACT Received: 21.09.2016 Preliminary checklist of Herpetofauna diversity from Khamgaon taluk, Accepted: 05.10.2016 district Buldhana (M.S.) Central India at co-ordinate Latitude 20.6833, Published : 03.11.2016 Longitude 76.5666. In present there is no report on Herpetofauna diversity from Khamgaon taluk, so the present study has been carried Editor: Dr. Arvind Chavhan out during 2010-2015 in an alternatively days and nights herping. The study area covers such as Marshes, grass lands, rocky area, farm lands, Cite this article as: scrub lands, forest, hilly area, villages and town. It was observed that 13 Bawaskar Prakas S and Bawaskar species found to be an abundant, 14 species were common, 12 species Kiran S (2016) Herpetofauna were uncommon, 9 species were occasional and 10 species were found Diversity from Khamgaon, district Buldhana (M.S.) Central India, to a rare. A general trend increased Herpetofauna population was International J. of Life Sciences, 4 (3): observed in monsoon while comparatively less population of 412-418. Herpetofauna observed during a winter to early monsoon. Acknowledgements: Key words: Diversity, Herping, Herpetofauna, Khamgaon. Authors are especially thankful to Snake friends and Wildlifers community including Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Maternal Health Services Through Social Accountability Interventions in Nepal: an Analytical Review of Existing Litera
    Nepal et al. Public Health Reviews (2020) 41:31 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00147-0 REVIEW Open Access Improving maternal health services through social accountability interventions in Nepal: an analytical review of existing literature Adweeti Nepal1* , Santa Kumar Dangol2 and Anke van der Kwaak3 * Correspondence: anepal7@gmail. com Abstract 1Save the Children, Surkhet, Karnali Province, Nepal Background: The persistent quality gap in maternal health services in Nepal has Full list of author information is resulted in poor maternal health outcomes. Accordingly, the Government of Nepal available at the end of the article (GoN) has placed emphasis on responsive and accountable maternal health services and initiated social accountability interventions as a strategical approach simultaneously. This review critically explores the social accountability interventions in maternal health services in Nepal and its outcomes by analyzing existing evidence to contribute to the informed policy formulation process. Methods: A literature review and desk study undertaken between December 2018 and May 2019. An adapted framework of social accountability by Lodenstein et al. was used for critical analysis of the existing literature between January 2000 and May 2019 from Nepal and other low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) that have similar operational context to Nepal. The literature was searched and extracted from database such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, and web search engines such as Google Scholar using defined keywords. Results: The study found various social accountability interventions that have been initiated by GoN and external development partners in maternal health services in Nepal. Evidence from Nepal and other LMICs showed that the social accountability interventions improved the quality of maternal health services by improving health system responsiveness, enhancing community ownership, addressing inequalities and enabling the community to influence the policy decision-making process.
    [Show full text]
  • Peasantry in Nepal
    92 Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Peasantry in Kathmandu Valley and Its Southern Ridges 4.1 Introduction From ancient times, different societies of caste/ethnicity have been adopting various strategies for ac- quiring a better livelihood in Nepal. Agriculture was, and is, the main strategy. The predominant form of agriculture practised throughout the hilly area of the Nepal is crop farming, livestock and forestry at the subsistence level. Kathmandu valley including Lalitpur district is no exception. The making of handicrafts used to be the secondary occupation in the urban areas of the district. People in the montane and the rural part of the district was more dependent upon the forest resources for subsidiary income. Cutting firewood, making khuwa (solidified concentrated milk cream) and selling them in the cities was also a part of the livelihood for the peasants in rural areas. However, since the past few decades peasants/rural households who depended on subsistence farming have faced greater hardships in earning their livelihoods from farming alone due to rapid population growth and degradation of the natural resource base; mainly land and forest. As a result, they have to look for other alternatives to make living. With the development of local markets and road network, people started to give more emphasis to various nonfarm works as their secondary occupation that would not only support farming but also generate subsidiary cash income. Thus, undertaking nonfarm work has become a main strategy for a better livelihood in these regions. With the introduction of dairy farming along with credit and marketing support under the dairy development policy of the government, small scale peasant dairy farming has flourished in these montane regions.
    [Show full text]
  • PNAAZ076.Pdf
    July 1987 FOEWOD This Natural Resource Management Paper Serie is funded through the project, "Strengthenirv Institutional Capacity in the Food and Agricul­ tural Sector in Nepal," a cooperative effort by the Ministry of Agricul­ ture (MOA) of His Majesty's Government of lepal and the Winrock Interna­ tional Institute for Agricultural Development. This project has been :. ,;L, 'f : ;. -International made possible by substantial financial support from the U.S. Age'acy for >7 . " A HONG PASTURE, Development (USAID), the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), the Canadian Interiiational Development Research Centre (IDRC), and the Ford Foundation. 2,1 C' ULY-.P One of the most important activities of this project is funding for problem-oriented research by young professional staff of agricultural C a se S t u d Ta ra agencies of the MOA and related institutions, as well as by concerned individials in the private sector. This research is carried out with the active profe~sional assistance of the Winrock staff, The purpose of this Natural Resource Management Paper Series is to make the results of the research Om Prasacd Guruna activizies related to natural resources available to a larger audience, and to acquaint younger staff and students with advanced methods of research and statistical analysis. It ia also hoped that publication of the Series will stimulate discussion among policymakers and thereby assist in the formulation of policies which are suitable to the development of Nepal's agrculture. The views expressed in this Researci Report Series are those of the authors, and do not necessarily ref lect the views of their respective parent institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Vulnerability and Impacts Assessment for Adaptation Planning In
    VULNERABILITY AND I M PAC T S A SSESSMENT FOR A DA P TAT I O N P LANNING IN PA N C H A S E M O U N TA I N E C O L O G I C A L R E G I O N , N EPAL IMPLEMENTING AGENCY IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS SUPPORTED BY Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Department of Forests UNE P Empowered lives. Resilient nations. VULNERABILITY AND I M PAC T S A SSESSMENT FOR A DA P TAT I O N P LANNING IN PA N C H A S E M O U N TA I N E C O L O G I C A L R E G I O N , N EPAL Copyright © 2015 Mountain EbA Project, Nepal The material in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit uses, without prior written permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any product which uses this publication as a source. Citation: Dixit, A., Karki, M. and Shukla, A. (2015): Vulnerability and Impacts Assessment for Adaptation Planning in Panchase Mountain Ecological Region, Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Development Programme, International Union for Conservation of Nature, German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-Nepal. ISBN : 978-9937-8519-2-3 Published by: Government of Nepal (GoN), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) and Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-Nepal (ISET-N).
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Hom Nath Pathak Teaching Assistant, Department of Botany & Microbiology
    Curriculum Vitae Hom Nath Pathak Teaching Assistant, Department of Botany & Microbiology PERSONAL INFORMATION 1. Job Start Year : 1999 2. Contact at: Phone: Home: 977-61-550010 Photo Cell: 977-98560-37416 Office: +977-61-526837 Email: [email protected] Mailing Address: Prithvi Narayan Campus, Bhimkali Patan Bagar, Pokhara, Nepal 3. Medal/Award, if any (with title, year, institution): (most important only; maximum 2) a) Research grant received from IOST, Dean's Office and Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment for the study on succession in abandoned fallows of Goths in Panchase, Kaski during 2014. b) Research Grant Received from NAST, 2011. 4. Other involvements, if any (with position, affiliation): (most important only; maximum 3) a) Life Member, Baglung Samaj Pokhara. b) Member, IUCN, SSC GTSG. c) Review Member, International Journal of Environment (IJE). ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION 1. Education (latest one only): Degree: M.Sc. Subject: Botany University: Tribhuvan University 2. Specialization (not more than 2 areas): Vegetation ecology; ethnobotany 3. Areas of research interest (not more than 3 areas): Ecology; conservation biology; biodiversity 1 MAJOR RESEARCH WORKS & PUBLICATIONS 1. Research Works (title, year, affiliation): (most important only; maximum 4) a) “'Documentation of Non Timber Forest Products in Paiyunpata” (2007) with National Seminar on Sustainable use of Biological Resources, Pokhara, Nepal. b) “Inventory on Ethno-botanical Knowledge on Oryza Sativa L. Cultivated in Paiyunpata VDC, Baglung'” (2009) with Social Inclusion Resource Centre (SIRC). c) Agro-morphological diversity of Oryza sativa L cultivated in Paiyunpata VDC, Baglung, final report submitted to Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. d) Secondary Succession and Soil Nutrient Dynamics in Abandoned Fallows of Goths in Panchase Area, final report submitted to institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuwan University, Nepal and Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Wetland in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal
    Open Journal of Ecology, 2014, 4, 245-252 Published Online April 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.45023 Status of Wetland in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal Saroj Panthi1*, Maheshwar Dhakal2, Sher Singh Thagunna2, Barna Bahadur Thapa2 1Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Api Nampa Conservation Area, Darchula, Nepal 2Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal Email: *[email protected] Received 2 November 2013; revised 2 January 2014; accepted 10 January 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Wetland means the surface of the earth that is permanently or seasonally or partially covered with water. Wetlands are most productive areas for biodiversity and local livelihood support. Nepal ra- tified Ramsar convention in 1987 and started to include the wetland in Ramsar site and till now nine wetland sites are included in Ramsar site. There are still lacking systematic research and con- servation approach for these wetlands; therefore, our study attempted to assess the status of wet- lands in the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal; and explored threats and conservation chal- lenges. We prepared list of streams and lakes and collected detail information regarding area, district, block, elevation and cultural as well as ecological importance of lakes. We recorded total 11 lakes with total 304477 m2 areas. The Sundaha lake is largest lake of the reserve having signif- icant religious importance. We also recorded 7 streams in the reserve.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Identification of Shed Snake Skins in Taiwan and Adjacent Islands
    Zoological Studies 56: 38 (2017) doi:10.6620/ZS.2017.56-38 Open Access Species Identification of Shed Snake Skins in Taiwan and Adjacent Islands Tein-Shun Tsai1,* and Jean-Jay Mao2 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan 2Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Ilan University No.1, Sec. 1, Shennong Rd., Yilan City, Yilan County 260, Taiwan. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 28 August 2017; Accepted 25 November 2017; Published 19 December 2017; Communicated by Jian-Nan Liu) Tein-Shun Tsai and Jean-Jay Mao (2017) Shed snake skins have many applications for humans and other animals, and can provide much useful information to a field survey. When properly prepared and identified, a shed snake skin can be used as an important voucher; the morphological descriptions of the shed skins may be critical for taxonomic research, as well as studies of snake ecology and conservation. However, few convenient/ expeditious methods or techniques to identify shed snake skins in specific areas have been developed. In this study, we collected and examined a total of 1,260 shed skin samples - including 322 samples from neonates/ juveniles and 938 from subadults/adults - from 53 snake species in Taiwan and adjacent islands, and developed the first guide to identify them. To the naked eye or from scanned images, the sheds of almost all species could be identified if most of the shed was collected. The key features that aided in identification included the patterns on the sheds and scale morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • Functions of Nachhung (Shaman) in the Chamling Rai in Eastern Nepal
    Patan Pragya (Volume: 7 Number: 1 2020) [ ISSN No. 2595-3278 Received Date: July 2020 Revised: Oct. 2020 Accepted: Dec.2020 https://doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35247 Functions of Nachhung (Shaman) in the Chamling Rai in Eastern Nepal Rai Puspa Raj Abstract Rai is an indigenous people and decedent of Kirati dynasty, inhabitant of eastern part of Nepal. It is known as Kirat Pradesh before the unification of Nepal. Now, Kirat Pradesh is became political word in Nepal for name of province number 1 but not endorse till present. The Chamling Rai society is comprised different interdependent parts and units as like religion, culture, economy, polity, educational etc. Kirat religion is a part of Rai community constituted by the different units and interdepended among different parts. The Chamling word Nachhung (shaman) is called priest of the Kirat religion. So, this article focuses on the Nachhung who is the Rai priest, shaman and healer as functional unit of the Rai society. The main research questions if how the Nachhung plays function as the being part of Rai society and contribute to existence of Rai society as whole. It explores the interdependence of Nachhung on other parts like rite and ritual, marriage, feast and festival, community, health, social and religious activities. Keywords: Nachhung's function, rite and ritual, Sakela festival, healing illness. Introduction Shamanism is a kind of religion in the primitive society. Tylor argues that animism is the first religion of the world. There was found debate on shamanism among different scholars in 19th centuray. Tylor, Schmidt considered shamanism as primitive religion but Durkhiem, Marcel Mauss considered magic as immoral and private act.
    [Show full text]