2006 Annual Report

IFF Fraunhofer Institut Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung

Achievements and Results 2006 Annual Report

Achievements and Results 2006 Annual Report Contents

Introduction Project Reports

Foreward 6 Key Technology: Virtual and Logistics Intelligence Augmented Reality 15 from Magdeburg 35 Off to New Shores: The Institute's Expansion in the Port of Science 8 Fraunhofer Innovation Cluster LogMotionLab: Current Trends Greeting 11 VIDET: Virtual Development, in RFID and Telematics 36 Engineering and Training for Regional Machinery and Plant Germans Call It Funk: Technologies Manufacturing 16 for Secure Chains of Goods 38 The Institute ViVERA 18 RFID Based Container Management Mission 12 in Production Logistics 40 INCENTIVE: Innovation and The Institute in Numbers 13 Research Center for Distributed, RFID Aided Asset Management 42 Interoperable Virtual Reality and Advisory Board 14 Simulation in Industry and RFID Based Construction Site Education 20 Logistics 44

Short Commissioning Times by Innovative Telematic Technologies and Engineering Control Systems on Services in Forests and a Simulation Model 22 Meadows 46

The VITECMA Project: Virtual Innovation Coaching for Small Reality (VR) Based Technology and Medium-sized Enterprises 48 Development and Machinery Configuration 24 Fraunhofer IFF Gets Thai Enterprises Into Shape 50 VIRTHUALIS: Virtual Reality and Human Factors Applications for Statelogger: Reliable and Cost Improving Safety 26 Effective Equipment Operation through Condition-based Decision Interactive Modules for Support in Maintenance Planning 52 Implementing the Machinery Directive in Machinery and Plant Development and Utilization (IMMMA) 28

Westermann Verlag Is Banking on eLearning 30

Case-specific Virtual Organ Models for Future Endoscopy Simulators in Medicine 32

The"INTUITION" European Network of Excellence (NoE) 34

4 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Highlights, Events and Trade Fair Presentations in 2006 (Selection) 77 Dependability and Quality from Efficiency through New Processes, Robotic Systems and Measurement Materials and Plant Engineering 71 and Testing Technology 55 Appendix: Names, Data, SEK: Floating Inspection Unit for Gas Conditioning for Fuel Cells 72 Publications 97 Large, Partially Filled Sewer Lines 56 Experimental Circulating Fluidized Committee Work in 2006 Cleaning System for the Exterior Bed Combustion Plant for Research (Selection) 98 Surfaces of the Roof of Berlin and Teaching 74 Central Train Station 58 International Research and ALFA Growth Core: Fiber Cooperation Partners in 2006 Wheelset Measuring Machine: Composites from Saxony-Anhalt 75 (Selection) 101 Automatic Geometry Measurement of Train Wheelsets 60 Publications in 2006 Monographs and Editorships In-line Geometry Inspection of (Selection) 104 Automobile Wheels: Automatic Book Chapters, Papers and Geometry Data Extraction 62 Articles (Selection) 105 Presentations (Selection) 110 Model-based Completeness Check for Assembly Processes 64

PARNASS: Parallel Assembly of The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Nanoscale Objects 66 at a Glance 113

Combined Image and Inertial Sensor Based Gait Analysis 68 Fraunhofer IFF Contacts at a Glance 117

Editorial Notes 121

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 5 Foreword

Dear Readers, This enables us to research both further advances in virtual technologies and The Fraunhofer IFF's biggest outwardly foundations and applications of virtual visible success in 2006 was the ceremo- engineering and virtual-interactive trai- nial opening our Virtual Development ning. We are working on having virtual and Training Centre VDTC. We are models available throughout the entire proud of already being able to move life cycle and efficiently employing them into a second new building in our short, in every stage. dynamic history. With our main building on Sandtorstrasse and the Virtual Devel- To achieve these goals, we have estab- opment and Training Centre VDTC on lished the VDTC as an international Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Strasse, we now network node for virtual technologies. have two outstandingly equipped, state- Our management of the ViVERA Network of the-art institute facilities. At the same of Competence for Virtual and Augment- time, it demonstrates that we have ed Reality bundles the competencies of adopted a successful and promising twelve research institutes and universities direction with the substantive orientation here in Magdeburg. We pool previous of our institute. Since our beginnings in research findings and experiences and 1992, we have been pursuing the goal of expedite the transfer of this future tech- planning and operating factories and nology to companies. What is more, we production systems more efficiently. To have also been a member of the inter- do this, we bundle research and develop- national INTUITION Network of Excel- ment services from different disciplines in lence since 2006. On a European level, our institute. INTUITION is likewise pursuing the goal of systematizing the manifold and frag- The new VDTC building in Magdeburg's mented VR technologies in order to Port of Science marks a milestone in the obtain an overview of the current state history of our research. It symbolizes our of development and practice, to promote efforts since the founding of our institute its integration of all VR activities and to to continually improve and refine simula- thus create synergies. tion and visualization methods and tools. With its worldwide one-of-a-kind laser With our research on so-called interop- projection in the Elbe Dom - combined erable distributed systems, we in Magde- with our research partnership with Jen- burg are picking up a trend that will optik AG - the VDTC is a technological grow in importance in the future. As highlight. The VDTC houses state-of-the- the globalization of economic systems art labs for research in the field of virtual increases, simultaneous work on and technologies we have been advancing for development of new products or systems years, especially the use of virtual envi- geographically distributed over the entire ronments for qualification and compe- globe are also heavily mounting. The tence development and for virtual long-term vision here is, for instance, engineering. that several members of a development team distributed over several continents meet in virtual space.

6 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Thus, they can jointly develop new We develop groundbreaking logistics In the field of measurement and testing products and simulate processes, every concepts and solutions by combining technology, the Fraunhofer IFF received interaction being available to all the intelligent carriers and the enhanced the Deutsche Bahn's accreditation for partners involved in real time. With its potentials and services being generated an optical measurement system for train approval of the project to establish a by the Galileo satellite navigation system. wheelsets in 2006. The measuring "Center of Innovation Competence" Challenges we will be facing in the machine is the first contactless optical (ZIK INCENTIVE) in this field, the BMBF is logistics sector in the future are 3-D measuring system that meets the supporting research work on inter- continuously increasing global flows of Deutsche Bahn's strict standards. operable distributed systems, which has goods as customer demands mount with Inquiries about cooperation have already been being advanced in Magdeburg for regard to in delivery time and punctu- been received from train maintenance years with great success. In addition, the al ity. At the Fraunhofer IFF, we research units in several countries including China, approval of the run-up project VIDET, has solutions that, on the one hand, make Russia and South Africa. enabled us at the Fraunhofer IFF to such global chains of goods more reliable establish the Fraunhofer Innovation and more secure by applying I&C tech- I invite you to learn on the next pages Cluster "Virtual Development and nologies in logistics and, on the other how we have jointly developed innova- Training" here in Magdeburg. hand, contribute to organizing logistics tive products and services with enter- to reduce traffic and thus conserve prises and I hope that you take away Power systems process simulation and resources and the environment. stimulating ideas for yourself and your plant engineering labs are also located in projects. We are glad to be there for you the VDTC. In cooperation with the Max In the project LISA supported by the to further develop your ideas and turn Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex BMBF, our researchers are working on them into reality together with you. Technical Systems in Magdeburg and the developing, constructing and testing a Fraunhofer IKTS in Dresden, we at the mobile assistant robot suitable for every- In closing, I would like to express special Fraunhofer IFF are researching the utiliza- day routines, which will interact with the thanks to our partners and clients who tion of biomass to run fuel cells. In the lab technicians in labs of life science place their trust in us and our staff who research project "ProBio" researchers companies. Along with their research make these services possible in the first from Magdeburg and Dresden are projects funded by the BMBF and the place. exploring how renewable raw materials BMWi, one of the Robotic Systems can be used to generate power effec- Business Unit's major projects is the tively and environmentally compatibly clean ing and inspection systems for the Emscher sewer system. With a total With our move into the VDTC on Joseph- length of 51 km and depths of up to von-Fraunhofer-Strasse, we are creating 40 m beneath the surface, the Emscher Prof. Michael Schenk space badly needed in our institute build- sewer system represents the largest resi- ing on Sandtorstrasse. We are predomi- dential water management project in nantly using the freed up floor space in Europe. With this development of auto- our testing facility for projects in the mated cleaning and inspection systems, fields of logistics, robotic systems and the Fraunhofer IFF is developing an en - measurement and testing technology. tirely new and revolutionary technology With the LogMotionLab, our develop- for the inspection of continuously operat- ment, testing and certification lab for ing sewer systems. The Fraunhofer IFF is Auto-ID and telematic technologies, we the Emschergenossenschaft's general already have one of Europe's best contractor and, with this contract, is equipped RFID labs at the Fraunhofer IFF. carrying out one of the largest industry We will use the capacities being freed up projects in the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. in our testing facility to expand this lab further.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 7 Off to New Shores: The Institute’s Expansion in the Port of Science

Prof. Michael Schenk The Fraunhofer IFF Virtual Development bottom of the projection wall increases a Dr. Gerhard Müller and Training Centre VDTC in Magde- presentation's level of immersion. All this Dr. Eberhard Blümel burg's Port of Science was ceremoniously makes it possible to present large objects opened in November of 2006. After over such as airplanes, factories or logistics ten years of successful applied research systems on a scale of 1:1. At their maxi- in the field of virtual engineering, a vision mum resolution of 1.600 x 1.200 pixels had become reality: Users, service provid- (UXGA), the laser projectors from ers and researchers are collaborating in Jenoptik achieve a refresh rate of 60 a building with state-of-the-art virtual- hertz. The color spectrum generated by reality technologies and infrastructure to the lasers, which covers two thirds of develop innovative solutions for the real human color vision, sets new quality world, to test them and transfer them to standards compared to conventional use. projectors that only cover one third of human color vision. It additionally has excellent color contrast, which makes Technological Infrastructure autostereoscopic effects possible in visualization, and a very high depth of focus, The VDTC has a worldwide one-of-a-kind which generates sharp images regardless 360 degree laser projection system (the of a projector’s distance from the projec- Elbe Dom) with six projectors that project tion surface. onto a cylindrical surface with a height of 6.5 meters and an inner diameter of 16 Virtual reality image data is computed by meters. Users have space to move on a a cluster of six PC and transmitted to the 70 centimeter high platform with an area projection system. Users interact through of 48 square meters. The rounded off a high-performance tracking system

Figure 1: Laser projection of Rautenbach AG Wernigerode’s foundry in the Elbe Dom.

8 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 consisting of twelve high resolution A mixed reality testing facility measuring instrument engineering. This thusly ob- cameras that, at a frame rate of 210 square meters is on hand to do this. tained foundation for modeling and 484 hertz, achieve a resolution of Real and mixed reality systems can be innovative measurement sensors are used 1.3 megapixels. Thus an object's location installed there as demonstrators or expe- to apply model-guided control concepts. and orientation in the motion space can rimental setups. Real machine tool con - be determined with an accuracy of trol systems and operator controls that The new infrastructure at the VDTC is 1 millimeter. Up to 500 marking points have been coupled with virtual proto- supporting research in the fields of plant are used to support whole body motion types make safe function tests possible. engineering, process engineering, electri- capturing of several individuals. cal power systems and plant service. A hexapod motion base for visual inter- The Elbe Dom commenced operation in active motion simulations are being used October 2006 after a cooperation agree- to develop a simulator to support ergo- Range of Services ment between Jenoptik AG and the nomic tests or driver training. Test envi- Fraunhofer IFF had been signed. ronments for the realistic use of aug- Our range of VR based services is geared mented reality systems support the devel- toward client processes and not only opment and evaluation of vision systems covers the development of virtual engi- Fields of Work and tracking systems. neering solutions but also their implementation and user support. The VDTC The Joint Engineering Lab provides a The development of thermal plant sys- held its first "Virtual Engineering" day for platform for applied research on inte- tems is being researched in the labs of medium-sized enterprises on December grated product and process engineering. the Process and Plant engineering Busi- 6, 2006. The specializations of virtual It features a range of training programs ness Unit PAT. Key emphases are the product engineering, virtual product for students, industry partners and recovery of energy from biomass, bio- engineering/digital factory and qualifica- employees in virtual product develop- genic residues and high caloric waste tion and training were presented to the ment. The Joint Engineering Lab's ser- fractions. Two new development labs seventy attendees. Measures for imple- vices - from CAD data migration through based on virtual engineering supplement menting and introducing VR technologies the formulation of complete concepts for experimental operation of already exist- in SME were discussed together with the product life cycle management (PLM) - ing experimental plants for combustion attendees from the medium-sized enter- are geared toward the needs of SME. and gasification processes. New process prises. system components and control concepts In the Computational Mechanics Lab are being developed, engineering work The VDTC works in an international CML, products and their components, completed and innovative product service network of universities, research orga- including both their shapes reproduced offerings devised at the VDTC. nizations and commercial enterprises. In by 3-D models and their performance or Magdeburg, the VDTC cooperates with function, can be made available during For thermal plant engineering, research Otto von Guericke University, the Max their development and utilized for a work on the optimization of plant Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex multitude of mechanical, mechatronic components with CFD process simulation Technical Systems and the Leibniz Insti- and fluid mechanical tasks. In the transi- directly coupled with 3-D-CAD tools tute for Neurobiology. tion to real prototypes, interconnecting constitute the starting point for new, already really existing components and complex plant maintenance operations. virtual models (hardware-in-the-loop) Experimental lab tests are used in paral- enable virtually supporting development lel, to collect the base of process engi- up through the finished product. neering data for novel active principles of

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 9 The VDTC is the ViVERA Network of The VDTC hosts ResearchTraining@VTDC Competence for Virtual and Augmented as part of the Marie Curie training Reality’s development partner for net- project. Over a period of four years, this working basic technologies and their project will provide twelve foreign guest demonstrators. By taking advantage of researchers the opportunity to conduct the VDTC’s infrastructure. the demon- applied research in the fields of virtual strators support the dissemination of reality based training and virtual engi- ViVERA's results to small and medium- neering. sized enterprises. At the same time, new fields of application are being developed The conditions on hand for its staf, its for VR technologies. technological infrastructure and the manifold collaborative relationships have The VDTC is a central point in the Euro- already made the VDTC an important pean Network of Excellence INTUITION, node in the network international centers which coordinates the activities of over of VR/AR competence. sixty enterprises, universities and research organizations in the field of virtual reality. Thus, the VDTC is associated with the leading European VR centers.

Figure 2: The Fraunhofer IFF Virtual Development and Training Centre VDTC in Magdeburg’s Port of Science on the day of its ceremonial opening, November 22, 2006.

10 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Greeting

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Planning and thus realistic simulations of the highly complex production process An exciting and momentous year lies matter all the more. Such simulations in behind you and I am thrilled that the run-up to making an investment are Jenoptik had quite a hand in it. Your plainly save your clients scarce time and specialists and ours jointly designed a valuable money. The reception the VDTC laser-based large projection system with has experienced since its opening dem- a design that is unique worldwide and onstrates this strikingly. that you inaugurated at the Virtual Development and Training Center (VDTC) This center for virtual reality demon- in Magdeburg in November of 2006 after strates that laser projection is superior to eight months of intensive work between the representation of virtual scenarios us. After further intensive talks and con- with conventional technology. RGB lasers tacts, we continued this collaboration last (red-green-blue) are the basis for project- year when we signed a cooperation agre- ing moving images in highest quality and ement between our two organizations. on differently shaped projection surfaces. Brilliant colors with maximum saturation The heart of the system in the VDTC is and projections with incomparably high our laser projection system that will sup- depth of focus create spatial effects. port you in your applied research in the field of virtual development for the engi- I am exceptionally pleased however that neering, testing and operation of techni- this new center is located in Magdeburg cal systems. You give our technology and thus in the eastern German states. room for development and open brand You, we together are not only demon- new fields of application for it apart from strating the efficiency of Eastern German its use in flight simulation and in plane- high-tech innovations with this. Invest- taria. For that and for the confident col - ments in science and research and thus laboration in 2006, I would like to thank in high-tech are what strengthen and you on behalf over every member of the makes our economy sustainable. The Jenoptik staff involved. Fraunhofer IFF is a prime example of the meshing of research and business. This is Simulation and the optimization of fac- precisely where future opportunities tories and operations building upon it are grow, whence Germany draws economic becoming ever more significant in the power. run-up to investing in large factory facilities. Costs for new production facilities I wish you and our common challenge to are rising steadily. Investment volumes in develop ever newer fields of application the billions are no longer a rarity. A and make ever more realistic representa- state-of-the-art chip factory illustrates tions possible much success in the this well: Nearly three fourths of the coming years . roughly two billion euros that a new chip factory roughly costs today are incurred Your, for equipment and its intelligent networking for the production process.

Alexander von Witzleben Chairman of the Board JENOPTIK AG

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 11 Mission

The Fraunhofer Institute for Factory The Fraunhofer IFF actively represents Operation and Automation IFF is an interests on national and international autonomous research institution in the bodies in specialized fields and thus Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft's network. fundamentally shapes the processes of innovation in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. As a regional, national and international partner, the Fraunhofer IFF’s mission is As a research service provider based in to make a contribution with its applied Saxony-Anhalt, one important concern is research work to the direct benefit of the developing future generations both for economy and in the interest of society. regional business and for challenging positions in academia and research. Thus, The institute is technologically oriented the Fraunhofer IFF fulfills a valuable social toward conceiving, engineering and responsibility. producing innovative and customized solutions in the fields of Striking a balance between economy and ecology as well as implementing the rules – Logistics and Material Handling of excellent scientific and technical prac- Engineering and Systems, tice are the basis for all our researchers’ – Robotic Systems and Measurement work and an individual responsibility. and Testing Technology, – Process and Plant Engineering and Our researchers’ combination of technical – Virtual Engineering and Virtual and technological expertise and soft skills Training. typify the quality of our products and services. Work at the Fraunhofer IFF is market driven and global. Our researchers work in interdisciplinary teams and cooperate closely with our To meet the demand for holistic solu- clients. Such collaboration is characteri- tions, the Fraunhofer IFF is integrated in zed by mutual trust, integration as part- an international research network of ners, practical application and user orien- partners from scientific and business tation. communities.

In order to take advantage our own creativity and external impulses to guarantee an ongoing exchange of knowledge and experience, a network of associated academics and representatives of leading industries actively supports the work of the Fraunhofer IFF.

12 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 The Institute in Numbers

Operating Budget and Earnings Trend Facilities

In 2006, operating budget expenditures amounted to 13.5 million euros. Total In its main building on Sandtorstrasse, revenues rose to 11.5 million euros. the Fraunhofer IFF in Magdeburg utilizes Business revenues totaled 5.2 million 5.000 m2 for office space and high-tech euros. EDP labs and conference rooms. A testing facility of 1.300 m2 provides technologies – alternative energy production, Investment Budget industrial image processing, rapid prototyping, virtual reality, robotics – for Investments totaling 0.8 million euros research and development. were made in 2006. At the VDTC in the Port of Science, the Fraunhofer IFF additionally has 2.755 m2 Personnel Development of floor space (including the testing facilities, labs and offices) for technologies of At the end of 2006, the Fraunhofer IFF virtual and augmented reality as well as had 125 employees. Our researchers are process and plant engineering. predominately engineers and industrial engineers. Degree holding computer Hardware and software at the Fraunhofer scientists, mathematicians, physicists IFF encompasses tools and environments and business people ensure our work is for the application of geographic infor- interdisciplinary. mation systems, for idea generation and evaluation, for information and communications management, for interactive Training and Qualification factory and systems engineering, for multimedia communication and for soft- 270 student assistants and interns ware development. support the institute's work.

In 2006, 22 Diplom theses were completed and given advising at the Fraunhofer IFF mostly in collaboration with Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg.

We offer internships for institutions of continuing education and high schools.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 13 Advisory Board

The individual Fraunhofer Institutes’ advisory boards support institute management and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft's executive board in an advisory capacity. Members include prominent figures from academia, business and government.

Chairman of the Advisory Board Prof. Burghard Scheel

Vice-Chairman of the Advisory Board Prof. Uwe Dombrowski Director, Institute for Production Engineering and Corporate Research (IFU), Technical University Braunschweig

Mr. Guido Brassart Prof. Albert Jugel Managing Director, Georg Maschinen- Dräger Safety AG & Co. KG a.A. technik GmbH & Co. KG Mr. Volker Oesau Dr. Frank Büchner DHL Danzas Air & Ocean Germany GmbH Siemens AG Prof. Klaus Erich Pollmann Mr. Peter Claussen Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg BMW AG Dr. Joachim Welz Ms. Susanne Clobes Department of Science, Higher Education Department of Production Systems and and Research, Saxony-Anhalt Ministry of Technologies, Federal Ministry of Education and Culture Education and Research Prof. Peer Witten Dr. Udo Häfke Otto GmbH & Co. KG Innovations- und Gründerzentrum Magdeburg GmbH Mr. Thomas Zernechel Volkswagen AG Dr. Klaus Hieckmann SYMACON Engineering GmbH

Dr. Hans-Jürgen Hühne T-Systems

14 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Project Reports: Key Technology: Virtual and Augmented Reality

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 15 Fraunhofer Innovation Cluster VIDET: Virtual Development, Engineering and Training for Regional Machinery and Plant Manufacturing

Dr. Ulrich Schmucker The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft encourages ter "VIDET" to develop and utilize virtual Tel. +49 391/40 90-201 efficient cooperation in new product engineering and virtual reality methods [email protected] research, development and manufac- and tools for the regional machinery and turing by establishing innovation clusters. plant manufacturing industry. Research Arnim Wagner The fundamental idea is to regionally on and the application of virtual tools to Tel. +49 391/40 90-107 network research organizations, busines- design, develop and operate machinery, [email protected] ses and networks to advance the image products and plants, the expansion of and awareness of a sector of particular already existing networks of industry and importance to the regional economy (i.e. academic and nonacademic research "strengthen strengths"). Five clusters organizations and work on concrete now exist. The establishment of another industrial pilot projects are intended to cluster is being prepared. produce an effective platform with a long range impact, which enables region- In coordination with regional industry, al enterprises to access VE and VR tech- the Ministry of Economics and Labor and nologies for their products and services associations, the Fraunhofer IFF develo- and consequently contributes to boosting ped the concept for the innovation clus- and sustaining their competiveness.

This project is being Figure: VIDET Innovation Cluster structure. supported by the BMBF. (Project reference number IC09).

16 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Building upon the Fraunhofer IFF and its Along with its research, development and research partners' know-how, the inno- application work on the technology plat- vation cluster VIDET intends to set up forms, the innovation cluster's work also three technology platforms relevant to involves organizing and managing a machinery and plant manufacturing: network of research organizations and industrial users. The cluster is able to – Virtual Product Development, draw on existing networks (see above) in – Virtual Process Engineering and which the Fraunhofer IFF plays an active – VR Training and Education. role.

These platforms will support the develop- Another aspect is qualifying regional ment, testing and application of methods industry partners to apply virtual technol- and tools of virtual technologies for the ogies to their problems. To this end, it different phases of the product life cycle, develops appropriate basic and advanced namely: training programs. By finding the optimal partner or consortium for specific cus- – Product Development tomer requirements, the innovation – Product manufacturing (manufactur- cluster also acts as a contact for services ing processes and equipment) and in the areas mentioned, e.g. contract – Operation (training, operator training). research, development, studies, etc..

These phases will not be treated dis- cretely and independently but rather developed with the tools and methods of integrated virtual technologies being engineered, in particular for the needs of SME. The illustration presents the structure of the innovation cluster VIDET.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 17 ViVERA

Marco Schumann ViVERA means "Live long!" in Portu- The second basic technology developed Tel. +49 391/40 90-158 guese. The Network of Competence for at the Fraunhofer IFF "Interfaces to Sys- [email protected] Virtual and Augmented Reality really is tems for 3-D Model Generation" allows full of life as the wide variety of activities importing and automatically postproces- carried out by twelve cooperating Fraun- sing 3-D CAD models from commercial hofer Institutes and universities in the CAD systems such as ProEngineer, CATIA second project year attest. The Fraun- V5, Solid Works and UniGraphics NX. hofer IFF completed subprojects that This makes it possible to import 3-D concentrated on basic technologies, objects' geometry and their hierarchic specific applied research and networking. structure into a VR model. In addition, the tool supports different levels of detail Basic technologies include self-contained used to optimize the representation. virtual reality functionalities that can be Thus, since it can use the 3-D data used as the foundation for development already available in enterprises, this basic in different fields of application. Two of technology is essential if virtual models the total of seven basic technologies are to be generated economically. devel oped in the ViVERA consortium are being implemented at the Fraunhofer IFF. Along with developing basic technologies, ViVERA also focuses its work on The basic technology "Generation of specific industries. The automotive, Models for VR Applications" employs a machinery and plant manufacturing, new method to create virtual models, medical technology and shipbuilding which not only automatically captures industries are prominent here. The team geometry but also coloration (texture). of ViVERA researchers at the Fraunhofer This method is used especially in areas IFF concentrates on the machinery and of applications where 3-D CAD models plant manufacturing industry. One of the of the objects being treated do not exist, network's stated goals is to enable e.g. to capture tissue structures in medi- medium- sized enterprises in particular to cine or a building's historical structure for access state-of-the-art VR technologies. its restoration in architecture. This The basic technologies produced in method was already presented in the preceding work packages are intended to 2/2005 issue of IFFocus. be utilized and developed further according to industries' concrete requirements. The end result will be the production of a total of nine demonstrators in the ViVERA network by the fall of 2007. Two of these are being developed at the Fraunhofer IFF: a demonstrator for machinery manufacturing and a demonstrator for plant manufacturing. Each of the demonstrators presents a typical industry application of VR technologies, intended to convince other enterprises to take advantage of the potentials of these new technologies for themselves.,

The BMBF is supporting ViVERA through 2007. (Project reference number 01IRD01).

18 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Work on the "Virtual Control Unit" the components and their related simula- The second cooperation covers the use of demonstrator has progressed so far that tions is being devised to ensure the the OpenSG visualization library and the one machinery manufacturing company components and their connected models application Avalon based upon it. The has already implemented this solution. are interchangeable. A fluidized bed software developed by the ViVERA part- The idea is to couple a real CNC1 with combustion reactor will serve as the vali- ners in Darmstadt was tested at the the virtual model of a heavy machine dation model. The outcome of the devel- Fraunhofer IFF. Thus, in the future, it will tool. As a result, control unit programs opments will make it possible to overlay be possible to use the basic technology can be tested at a time when the real the visualization of process parameters "Photorealistic Image Generation in Real machine has not yet been produced. on the 3-D model of a plant. Such a Time" developed at the Fraunhofer IGD What is more, combining the real control representation is intended to facilitate in Darmstadt in combination with the unit with the virtual model allows train - communication between plant designers laser projection system at the Fraunhofer ing machine operators in an extremely and operators so they are better able to IFF. Introduced at the computer trade fair realistic environment. The demonstrator collectively coordinate and optimize CeBIT in March 2006, the Darmstadt was presented at one of the world's process parameters. researchers' technology can interactively largest trade fairs for CNC machine tools present photorealistic representation. This in Shanghai in early 2006 and at the Another emphasis of ViVERA's work is not only makes the technology interest- leading trade fair for innovations in the partner networking. The Fraunhofer IFF ing for design reviews but also for the computer sector, the CeBIT in Hannover.. has pursued two cooperations in particu- representation of interactive, functional lar in recent years. The Fraunhofer IFF is 3-D models. The second demonstrator "Virtual Plant" taking advantage of the experiences of is presently still in development. To this its partner from Stuttgart to work on a A continuation of the work, especially on end, process parameters, i.e. dynamic "VR Aided Engineering Workstation", the applications, is planned for the com- properties such as temperature and pres- which integrates virtual reality in an ing year. Another emphasis will be the sure, are being visualized. In addition engineer's work process. Computer and documentation of accumulated experien- operations essential to the process are projector concepts with particularly low ces in a knowledge base so that other being represented in a VR model. A noise emissions are employed, eliminat- enterprises can also put the ViVERA moving bed reactor that reforms biogas- ing any distraction even in the quietest of network's output to use. es is serving as an example. A system of offices. Another component is a low cost mathematical equations was devised to optical tracking system that detects the describe its functional performance. This position of new, lightweight interaction system of equations can be built upon to devices. The VR software developed at simulate the moving bed reactor's behav- the Fraunhofer IFF to present visual-inter- ior. The visualization of the processes active training contents is presently being that occur in the moving bed reactor is modified for new hardware so it can being optimized at this time. What is support extended interaction systems. more, work is being done on integrating the simulation results from a flow simulation system (Fluent). A system to describe

1 Computer numeric control.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 19 INCENTIVE: Innovation and Research Center for Distributed, Interoperable Virtual Reality and Simulation in Industry and Education

Dr. Steffen Strassburger Strategic Objectives Their international orientation, corporate Tel. +49 391/40 90-112 strategy and innovative approaches to [email protected] INCENTIVE is one of the Fraunhofer IFF's securing young researchers are intended strategic and pioneering projects and to generate sustainable impulses in the goes beyond traditionally supported indi- eastern states. Typically, CIC are estab- vidual or collaborative projects. With its lished at host organizations (INCENTIVE innovation initiative "Entrepreneurial was established at the Fraunhofer IFF Regions", the Federal Ministry of Educa- VDTC) but should largely pursue their tion and Research (BMBF) has created research work autonomously.. various strategic and sustainable support instruments for the eastern German A sustainable research concept and states with the objective of strategically substantial preparatory work are needed developing regional competencies with to establish a CIC. This enables the potential for innovation into regional centers to be internationally competitive clusters on a high technological level and and work on the same level as research- on the basis of business criteria. The ers from all over the world. The BMBF is BMBF is making nearly 500 million euros supporting the INCENTIVE CIC with up to available for its program "Entrepreneurial 250,000 euros during a one-year strategy Regions" for the period from 1999 to development phase to prepare such a 2007 alone. research concept. Once a strategy has been successfully developed, one or more The "Centers for Innovation Compe- groups of young researchers (of up to tence" (CIC), in which INCENTIVE is seven individuals each) will be established positioned, are one cornerstone of in INCENTIVE, which the BMBF will fully "Entrepreneurial Regions". CIC are fund for five years. established with the goal that they become sustainable, internationally highly competitive research centers.

INCENTIVE is being suppported by the BMBF. (Project reference number 03Z2IK1). Figure: Model application scenario for INCENTIVE technologies.

20 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Research Orientation 3. Interactive Virtual Reality Environ- ments for Globally Distributed The Innovation and Research Center for Users Able to Interact with the Distributed, Interoperable Virtual Reality Scenario Simultaneously and Simulation in Industry and Education Important model applications could be (INCENTIVE) will concentrate its work on design reviews in companies with methods and applications of distributed several locations, distributed factory interactive and interoperable simulations planning, engineering of virtual and visualizations. control centers or VR based training for several users. The increasing complexity of products and processes in the industrial value The Fraunhofer IFF already has initial added process and the internationaliza- studies on distributed simulation, distri- tion of the companies involved make buted virtual environments and the High such methods and applications a neces- Level Architecture for Modeling and sity. These basic conditions demand new Simulation standard. distributed simulation and visualization systems that surpass the functionalities of present expert tools. Interoperable and Outlook integrable systems will have to be created in the future. Such tools will respond The the consulting firm Roland Berger is to the requirements of globally operating coaching the one-year INCENTIVE stra- companies and their suppliers by sup- tegy development phase currently being porting such application scenarios as the supported by the BMBF. A series of following: workshops on various aspects of the INCENTIVE strategy will be held in 2007. 1. Distributed Simulation of Entire These will include professional events Process Chains with Different Levels with international guests and industry of Analysis and Detail workshops. Among others, topics will A plug-und-play standard is needed to cover the recruitment of young research- interface different simulation tools. A ers and networking with local and model application could be the inte- national partners as well as the establish- grated simulation of an OEM with its ment of an overall concept for the individual stages of manufacturing in INCENTIVE innovation and research cen- various levels of detail. ter that will be remain sustainable long after the end of the support phase. 2. Systematic Integration of Special Software (Expert Tools) This will improve access to special simulation software such as sequence, process or dynamic simulations and foster interdisciplinary understanding.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 21 Short Commissioning Times by Engineering Control Systems on a Simulation Model

Torsten Böhme Motivation Potential tests, particularly of fatal acci- Tel. +49 391/40 90-234 dent situations, on the real machine are [email protected] Businesses intent on surviving on the also limited. Not least, a developer is market have to be able to respond to under great pressure and a control the constantly mounting demands for system is often developed and tested shorter innovation cycles, wider ranges of directly at a client's facilities. All in all, variants and greater product complexity. this approach makes it extremely difficult The time spent developing and manufac- for manufacturers to calculate the outlay turing new products is evolving into a of time and money and the quality of the crucial competitive factor results.

A product only fully functions once The use of digital design as well as several subtasks have been completed. modeling and simulation of system Among others, these include mechanical performance are intended to counter design, electrical design and program- these demands. Thus, engineering can be ming of control systems. These subtasks parallelized and the results verified by are frequently completed sequentially in simulation. Control system engineering development, especially in the machinery can already be integrated in the design manufacturing industry. Control systems process. A control system is developed are programmed at the end of the devel- and tested before the machine has been opment processes and tested for the first built and not on the client's premises time on the finished machine. Identified first. The fundamental objective of devel- flaws, e.g. in the engineering, incur opments is to shorten commissioning follow-up costs and delay delivery. time and assure the quality of control system engineering.

Figure 1: Controller simulation for a cleaning robot.

Figure 2: Components for virtual commissioning.

22 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Design Development/Implementation – What concrete machine features/ Model Application functions have priority? A concept that supports virtual commis- – What components have to be The Fraunhofer IFF is developing solutions sioning was developed for the outlined simulated? to this problem in a research project. A tasks (Figure 2). Real control systems are – What level of detail must a system functional model of the cleaning robot developed and tested on a simulated model have? for Berlin Central Train Station developed (virtual) machine. Already carrying out at the Fraunhofer IFF is serving as a dem- the development on the target platform The level of detail is critically important onstrator. An interface to a VR model ensures that all the controls system's to the work that goes into modeling. enables testing the cleaning system's functions can already be programmed. Therefore, different forms have been performance in a virtual environment There is no need to further convert the implemented in the simulation. On the and optimizing the control software control code. one hand, system software (WinMod) for (Figure 1). machine simulation is integrated on the Using a real control system requires the signal level (Figure 2), making a real-time A signal simulation of the robot's beha- simulation be real-time compatible. connection available for different control vior was implemented and the control Hence, the simulation must be config - systems. Extensive tests options can system was expanded with real operator ured to guarantee real time. The Fraun- convert the simulation of the I/O signals' elements. Thus, a complete environment hofer IFF has developed concepts, tools time response in little time. A technically is available to develop and commission and methods based on real-time commu- challenging task, e.g. a complex control the real control system. nication to develop such system models. engineering problem, requires detailed The following questions related to com- modeling and simulation. A physics simu- The project group’s work involves plexity and attendant real-time compati- lation with different specialized simula- bility play a key role. tion tools (Matlab, Dymola, etc.) is inte- – Analyzing the technical components, grated for such a case. – Converting the components into a realt-time simulation and modeling them, – Analyzing the depth of simulation, – Recreating operational and fault characteristics and – Enabling specific tests in the system model.

Apart from the applications outlined, the functional models being created can also be integrated for machinery operation, realistic training and market- Figure 3: Integrated utilization of functional models. ing (Figure 3).

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 23 The VITECMA Project: Virtual Reality (VR) Based Technology Development and Machinery Configuration

Dr. Tamara Nestorovic The VITECMA project is providing solu- An extension of the Fraunhofer IFF's tried Tel. +49 391/40 90-108 tions to simplify and shorten concept and and tested Virtual Development and [email protected] product development based on VR. The Training Platform (VDT Platform), this project partners are developing a tool to new tool has been specially developed Dr. Steffen Strassburger support the domains of machinery con- for the machinery manufacturing indus- Tel. +49 391/40 90-112 figuration and technology development. try. [email protected] The target groups for the tool are marketing experts and technologist in ma- The configurator is based on a modular chinery manufacturing companies. The principle, the configurable and extensible project will contribute to holistic product module facilitating customization to development. market requirements. Various newly designed support functions integrated in VITECMA is based on methods of virtual the platform (e.g. guided mode, snap- engineering for the development of tech- lines, distance measurement, screenshots) nologies and the configuration of ma- simplify and accelerate the configuration chinery and plant systems. VITECMA process and can significantly shorten a combines several aspects of product bid phase by more quickly providing development such as configuration, potential buyers information on the feasi- simulation, scheduling and visualization bility and potential follow-up costs of a on one platform. new purchase.

The VITECMA is being suppported with Figure 1: Concepual design of the configurator. funds from the “Mittelstands-initiative Saxony-Anhalt”.

24 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 The principle behind the configurator's This approach to configuration has been extensibility not only makes it possible to successfully tested on a single-column present configured machinery or manu- milling machine made by SCHIESS facturing lines but also additional extern- GmbH. ally generated information such as the results of FEM calculation and simulation or machining operations. Thus, the visualization can provide additional information.

A visualization is supported by structured documentation of the requisite system and tool components as well as supporting data (times, costs, energy consumption, etc.). In addition, the system can automatically issue a product data sheet compiling all the system's most important information, including every installed component.

Figure 2: Virtual model of a heavy machine tool in an interactive 3-D environment.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 25 VIRTHUALIS: Virtual Reality and Human Factors Applications for Improving Safety

Waleed Salem Initial Situation The VR platform is designed for future Tel. +49 391/40 90-135 extensibility. External technological [email protected] In high risk industries such as the chemi- components such as process simulators, cal and petrochemical industry, human AR components, authoring tools, etc. will errors are one of the chief causes of risks be integrable. and accidents that incur enormous losses. Implementing or enhancing safety pre- cautions with new standards and laws is Deliverables (Current and Planned) not enough to increase the safety of processes in these industries. An inte- The solution was initially implemented in grated safety concept that incorporates four application scenarios based on pre- human factors and behavior must be defined requirements from the industrial developed for the entire production life setting. The first application scenarios cycle. serve as examples covering the following domains of safety: Such a concept has to make it possible to visualize different safety scenarios and – Risk assessment, analyze potential causes of human errors. – Accident investigation, This would allow making necessary – Safety management and changes or decisions. – Safety training.

This implementation serves to visualize Solution and deal with safety-critical problems in the field of application. Errors are inden- Supported by the EU, the project tified in advance, decision making is VIRTHUALIS is developing a VR based supported and productivity is increased. technology that incorporates human factors to increase safety in manufacturing companies. The solution concept is based on two steps: Identifying industrial requirements by making an on site inspection and analyzing human factors. This uncovers operational weaknesses. Project data: Eliminating them enables increasing safety and implementing requirements in – EU instrument: a VR platform . Integrated Project (IP) – Runtime: 4 years (May 2005 – April 2009) – Number of partners involved: 43 – Field of application: Chemical process industry

VIRTHUALIS is being supported by the EU in its 6the Framework Programme. (Proposal no. 515831-2).

26 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Figure: The VIRTHUALIS project: Humans – technology – process safety.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 27 Interactive Modules for Implementing the Machinery Directive in Machinery and Plant Development and Utilization (IMMMA)

Heike Kissner Machinery and plant manufacturers on A study conducted by the Berufsforsch- Tel. +49 391/40 90-118 the European market have to orient ungs- und Beratungsinstituts für interdis- [email protected] themselves toward current EU Machinery ziplinäre Technikgestaltung (BIT) identi- Directives and relevant standards for fied an abundance of deficits and trans- Torsten Schulz industrial safety, ergonomics and health fer errors in this analysis, organization Tel. +49 391/40 90-305 hazards. The documentation of hazard and communication chain. [email protected] analyses and instructions for residual risk prevention are the requisite materials for While procedural problems exist, suitable a manufacturer's engineers' communica- communications and simulation media tion with later user-operators. are lacking, which allow integrating everyone involved in overall company While an industrial safety expert com- innovation management in prevention pletes the safety acceptance, users have and developing new transfer methods to compile operating instructions and and strategies. minimize residual risks with appropriate measures.

Figure 1: IMMMA project objectives and deliverables in overview.

The BMBF is supporting IMMMA through 2009 (Project reference number 01FA0617).

28 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Approach and Objective Results and Utility

Together with the participating industry In the first stage of the project, tests and partners, company processes are ana- analyses were performed at the facilities lyzed to apply model cases to implement of the participating industry partners. methods and technology on the basis of For instance, new development of an identified requirements. imprinting system was supported at Staedtler Mars GmbH & Co. KG. Parallel The virtual-interactive knowledge and to engineering the system, an interactive training modules being produced are module was created with which the real prepared methodologically and didac- prototype's functions were simulated tically. They are intended for use in before manufacturing. This revealed Figure 2: Visualization of information and criti- product development and manufactur- potentials for optimizing interdivisional cal points on a virtual model. ing, commissioning, operator training, and interdepartmental processes. The production and even maintenance and easy comprehensibility and clarity of the repair. This facilitates effective prevention visualization of the machinery's modes of in the sense of the EU Machinery operation made it possible to analyze Directive during the entire operational dangers in the process by involving process and the machinery life cycle. various actors. Thus, for example, design The project will, for example, deliver engineers were able to reach advance virtual-interactive action aids to imple- agreements with control systems engi- ment risk assessment and evaluation. neers and make additions to the flow- Furthermore, new development, utiliza- charts. What is more, it was possible to tion and training concepts incorporating perform a risk analysis with electricians virtual modules will foster an increase of before the control system was com- personal skills at the workplace. More- pleted. over, this will contribute to optimizing relevant business processes and coopera- It will be essential to identify and appro- tion between manufacturers and users priately implement these potentials in the for the purpose of "customer innova- course of the project (ending in May tion". A committee of experts drawn 2009). The objective is to employ interac- from the most important associations, tive modules to establish an optimized, organizations, institutions for statutory standardized and complete approach and accident insurance and prevention and to improve company processes. The time the Saxony-Anhalt Ministry of Health and needed to meet the Machinery Directive's Social Welfare, will present, reflect on requirements ought to be reduced, for and secure the results in given intervals. instance. The communication and partici- Concepts will be developed for standar- pation of every individual involved in dization and transfer and networks initi- development and operation will make ated to disseminate the results beyond machinery and plants substantially safer. the end of the project.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 29 Westermann Verlag Is Banking on e-Learning

Heike Kissner Vocational school students are well The completed metals technology educa- Tel. +49 391/40 90-118 versed with computer games in virtual tional modules cover the following [email protected] worlds. They navigate them with ease topics: and confidence. The executive editors at Westermann Verlag want to take advan- – Manual production of components tage of young people's enthusiasm for with a mixing tank as example, this technology to teach them complex – Mechanical production of components lessons. with an adjustable stop as example, – Production of assemblies with a dril- In an e-Learning project for vocational ling jig as example, school students, the Fraunhofer Institute – Production of simple controls with a for Factory Operation and Automation IFF gluing jig as example. in Magdeburg and school book publisher Westermann in Braunschweig jointly In the future, the CD-ROM will expand developed educational modules to sup- Westermann Verlag's range of materials port first year vocational programs in for vocational training in the field of metals technology. An interactive CD metals technology. Along with the supplements the primary product line of conventional materials such as a textbook print materials such as a textbook and and a workbook, trainees in their first workbook. Taking real job orders as its year of metals engineering are now able starting point, the CD provides students to use the interactive job orders from and teachers 3-D animated machinery on these computerized educational scenarios which they can, for instance, visually to complete the exercises from their learn what actions to take when they are work materials and "grasp" the solutions machining metals. in a virtual environment. Trainees are not the only users of the CD-ROM however. The concept of learning fields is pursued rigorously. These are didactically groun- The interactive educational material also ded and prepared fields of activity that provides metals technology instructors condense complex tasks worked on in many options to organize their lessons action-driven learning situations. more understandably. They can work through model solutions for a job order step-by-step and reconstruct these on a virtual model. Best practice solutions support discussions of ideal approaches, the virtual model enabling exploration of equipment and models as well as processes.

30 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Figure 1: Examples from the interactive scenarios – Left: Constructing assemblies with a drilling jig as an example. Right: Constructing simple controls with a gluing jig as an example

A complex disassembly order is executed The project was implemented with the on a model drilling rig. The lesson and Fraunhofer IFF's virtual reality platform. the assignment lay the theoretical The challenge was to prepare the tasks in groundwork, which can then be applied the virtual scenarios in such a way that to and tried out on the virtual model of first year trainees are not overwhelmed the drilling rig. and sustainably retain the educational contents by interacting with the model In another exercise, the virtual model of a and the processes. The educational gluing jig is coupled with the pneumatic scenarios now available for vocational diagram of the jig. Students can then education were the outgrowth of many understand every position of the pneu- discussions with the experts from perti- matic switches as well as their transitions nent departments of Westermann Verlag. in a clear visualization. Simple machining procedures such as the drilling of holes are consistently reproduced comprehensi- bly in every step of work, including work- piece marking, clamping and machining.

Figure 2: The interactive CD-ROM.

The CD-ROM is available at http://www.westermann.de/suche/ artikelansicht.xtp?id=978-3-14-364203-0 or in bookstores.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 31 Case-specific Virtual Organ Models for Future Endoscopy Simulators in Medicine

Dr. Rüdiger Mecke Initial Situation While the training of such procedures on Tel. +49 391/40 90-146 simulators does not replace an experien- [email protected] A new field of research at the Fraunhofer ced surgeon’s guidance, it is however a IFF is the development of realistic virtual meaningful addition to surgeons' training organ models implementable in medical to optimally prepare them for operations. simulators. Such simulators are intended Apart from enabling young physicians to to support physicians when learning train their manual and diagnostic skills, certain surgical procedures. another potential use is the planning of surgery in particularly difficult cases. Surgical techniques in operative medicine have been significantly improved and Acceptance of such simulators depends refined in recent years. One milestone on numerous technical constraints. Very was the introduction of minimally inva- high demands are made not only on sive surgery. A great advantage of this realistic haptics that supply users tactile surgical method is the lower level of feedback on tissue properties and organ stress on patients, i.e. they experience contact but also realistic visualization of less pain, recover mobility rapidly and virtual endoscopic images. have short hospital stays.

Successful minimally invasive surgery not Approach only requires the appropriate medical technology but also sound professional In a joint interdisciplinary project, the skills on the part of the operating physi- Fraunhofer IFF together with several cians. Operations are performed, for regional partners is developing technolo- instance, by inserting various endoscopic gies that meet these stringent require- devices through several small incisions. ments. It is cooperating with Otto von An endoscopic camera supplies physi- Guericke University Magdeburg’s Medical cians a live picture of a patient’s insides School and departments of its schools of on a monitor. This two-dimensional engineering . monitor picture is the basis for navigating three-dimensionally, making a diagnosis The Fraunhofer IFF is working on the and taking treatment steps during an generation and interactive visualization of operation. high optical-quality organ models and the realistic representation of various symptoms and attributes of diseases in the simulation.

The project VR ModLap is being supported by the State of Saxony-Anhalt.

32 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 First, photographs with relevant case- specific features of the organs' surface textures are collected and processed. Global features (pertaining to large por- tions of organ surfaces) and local features (distinctive surface features, tumor characteristics) can be differentiat ed. Shader technologies can be applied to fuse the characteristics of these different features and export them into the previously segmented 3-D model. The basic texture is comprised of photos of the case-specific global features. Local features (e.g. local textures) are also projected onto the 3-D model for the specific case. These features may be positioned anywhere on the geometry and varied in size.

Figure 1: 3-D geometry and typical case-specific features of images fused by shader technologies. Shaders also enable applying more precise illumination models such as the Phong illumination model, which simulate illumination relatively well. As a result, real surface reflections of endoscopic camera light on an organ can be reproduced realistically.

In the future, it will be possible to interact with these organs by using endoscopic devices. Appropriate deformation models will be applied to obtain the most visually plausible behavior of organs Figure 2: 3-D models of a liver with various local ysmptoms of disease (varying location possible. Interaction would make it possi- and size of a tumors. ble to make an incision anywhere on an organ to remove malignant tumor tissue for instance. Among other things, doing this, will entail researching the organs' 3-D segmenting extracts the initially static Advanced shader technologies are physical reactions and developing interac- geometries of the organ models to be applied to produce the visualization. tion with the endoscopic devices. simulated from medical imaging (compu- Used with state-of-the-art graphics hard- ter tomography) datasets by means . ware, these make it possible to replace Photographs of the real organs taken at areas of the standard rendering pipeline the Surgical Clinic deliver additional case- with one's own program code to thus specific 2-D image data that can be utili- take advantage of more flexible options zed for the visualization. for realistic real-time visualizations.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 33 The “INTUITION” European Network of Excellence (NoE)

Dr. Eberhard Blümel Initial Situation Conceptual Solution Tel. +49 391/40 90-110 [email protected] Its rapidly growing fields of application The INTUITION European Network of make virtual reality (VR) technology a Excellence (NoE) is bundling Eurpoean Waleed Salem varied field of research. The ongoing competence in VR. Its main objective is to Tel. +49 391/40 90-135 process of research and development bring together experts and key actors in [email protected] has reached a point that demands struc- the domains of VR and VE development, turing and integrating of the efforts testing and application. Industry repre- encompassing VR European-wide. VR sentatives, SME, research organizations, technologies are already being widely universities, international organizations used for different industrial applications. and associations are collaborating in This is being done in an unorganized INTUTUION to structure fragmented fashion - through case-by-case scenarios European VR know-how and better and without long-range visions. establish VR and VE in product and process design. There is a need to simplify the adaptation of virtual environments (VE) in industrial Furthermore, INTUITION is integrating processes and assess the effects of VR European resources and VR equipment, use in the workplace and daily life. structuring European VR research and Such an assessment ought to incorporate promoting Europe globally as a leading aspects of cost effectiveness, health region in this field.. hazards and side effects of work environments on individuals and companies. Results

Integrating and bundling the VR activities of the partners involved is envisioned and has in part already been done in the following fields of specialization and application:

– Aviation – Augmented reality (AR) – Automotive and transport – Building and architecture –Energy – Design and engineering – Entertainment and culture Figure: The Fraunhofer IFF presented the – Evaluation and testing coupling of a real CNC unit with the virtual – Education and training model of a heavy machine tool at the – Haptic interaction Project data: 3rd international INTUITION workshop in – Medicine and neuroscience Fellbach on November 30 - December 1, – VR and VE technology in general – EU instrument: 2006. Network of Excellence (NoE) – Runtime: 4 years (September 2004 – August 2008) – Number of partners involved: 58

34 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Project Reports: Logistics Intelligence from Magdeburg

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 35 LogMotionLab: Current Trends in RFID and Telematics

Helmut Röben LogMotionLab is a lab for the testing and The second specialization at the Tel. +49 391/40 90-485 development of RFID, Auto-ID and tele- LogMotionLab is the integration of RFID [email protected] matic technologies. The radio frequency technology in technically difficult environ- identification (RFID) specialists at the ments. In particular, metallic environ- Fraunhofer IFF test the suitability of RFID ments in industrial applications are technologies for use in specific business examined. Foundations already devel- processes and evaluates them neutrally. oped a few years ago can be reverted to and these findings can be transferred to Customized solutions for secure and new frequency ranges as well. One such reliable supply chains are developed here solution is the "Alubox" developed in for companies and then implemented 2006, which, with a frequency of 868 where they need them. In addition to the megahertz, has a nearly 100 percent extensive equipment at the Magdeburg read rate in metallic environments. facility, the lab's mobile components allow conducting function tests directly LogMotionLab is expanding to different at clients' facilities under real operational locations in Magdeburg because, on the conditions. one hand, more space is needed for individual fields of development and, on the RFID and telematic technology develop- one hand, LogMotionLab is integrating ment is advancing rapidly at present and new fields of work related to localization LogMotionLab is therefore constantly technologies, thus making expansion to a being expanded. The developments and variety of locations an absolute necessity. research at the Fraunhofer IFF can be Attention will especially be directed to- subsumed under two major headings: ward the integration satellite, radio and Secure chains of goods and RFID techno- optical localization technologies. logy integration in technically difficult environments.

In addition to the various types of active and passive RFID technology, research and development of secure chains of goods also involves satellite-supported telematic solutions. Researchers at the LogMotionLab supplement these with solutions for indoor localization based on various radio technologies, options for wirelessly coupling indoor and outdoor localization and integrated sensor technology for monitoring and inspection.

36 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Figure: The LogMotionLab is one of Europe’s leading labs for the development, testing and certification of RFID and telematik technologies. (Photo: Siemens Press Foto)

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 37 Germans Call It Funk: Technologies for Secure Chains of Goods

Dr. Klaus Richter The market for emergency logistics and The trend toward miniaturizing devices as Tel. +49 391/40 90-420 same day logistics, i.e. transports that costs are falling at the same time is [email protected] have to be fast (a maximum of 72 hours), opening a new market for autonomous secure and transparent, is a growing. logistics assets equipped with sensor Late arrivals can cause tremendous harm systems and communication modules to when they delay the start of production optimize operational and logistics proces- or bring production to a stop. Hence, the ses. At present, the coupling of RFID industry is demanding new IC solutions systems for object identification with to safeguard business. telematic modules is producing new products subsumed by the "secure chain The management of information on the of goods". identity, current position and condition of goods, loading equipment and means of The functions the Fraunhofer IFF com- transport as well as the real-time availa- bines in its Smart Box and Smart Pallet bility of this data in expediting systems is constitute a paradigm change from assuming a key role in the unaccompa- observing logistics assets at fixed measur- nied transport of goods. ing points to continuously monitoring logistics assets in supply chains and even multimodal supply chains when necessary.

Figure: The Smart Metal Box functions reliably even in metallic environments and with such objects as metal cans filled with liquid.

38 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Smart Boxes are reusable metal or plastic containers with RFID antenna structures and self-contained power supplies. Goods outfitted with HF or UHF RFID labels are automatically logged as container contents for the purpose of run - ning inventory. A communication module transmits the container's continuously identified GNSS position and every loading and unloading to headquarters. Additional sensor elements determine the condition of goods. After the plastic Smart Box and the Smart Pallet had been presented at the 2006 CeBIT, the first prototype of a metal Smart Box was introduced at the BVL's German Logistics Congress in 2006..

As a security concept for logistics, the IT infrastructure of the IFF Smart Box is suitable for specifying new requirements for guaranteed value added services on the basis of localization, communication and identification technologies.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 39 RFID Based Container Management in Production Logistics

Dr. Klaus Richter The availability of suitable containers is Initial Situation Tel. +49 391/40 90-420 the prerequisite to a functioning material [email protected] flow. The intensive planning, control and Gas turbine blades essential for generat- monitoring of container cycles enables ing energy in power stations later lie in cutting inventories considerably and gray plastic boxes. Yet, what appears so organizing processes more reliably. unspectacular is less than ordinary: "A single blade can cost roughly as Intelligent container management aims much as a compact car," explains Günter to: Rademacher from Siemens Power Gener- ation (PG) in Berlin. – Connect material and information flows, Siemens Power Generation uses big – Track containers online, plastic containers that were specially – Provide transparent information on developed to transport turbine blades yet the location and status of material are nonetheless standardized, which and containers, measure roughly one cubic meter and – Ensure the return flow of containers are able to hold up to seventy-two remains on schedule and components. – Increase the accuracey of material planning. The blades that are precision cast parts from foundries in Germany, England and A user scenario illustrates this subject’s the USA are deposited into these con- relevance for manufacturing logistics. tainers and stored in a central logistics warehouse.

Figure: Siemens AG gas sturbine plant on Motardstrasse in Berlin.

40 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 The containers are then transported from The concept developed by the Fraunhofer TIP4Boxes Part III the warehouse to the manufacturing IFF so impressed Siemens PG that it was The third part of the TIP4Boxes project plant approximately five kilometers away converted into a test installation. The dealt with planning and piloting the where the blades are finished for their basic goals of optimization were achie- linkage of transport containers and their particular ultimate purposes. ved. The results of the test established content as well as connecting SAP master that RFID transponders were a suitable and order data. To do so, the data model Managing the containers presented this foundation for integrated container was developed into a finite concept, the Siemens division with challenges. In the management at Siemens PG beyond the interface between the RFID system and past, the company had difficulty provid- pilot project. High transparency for the SAP was created and a comprehensive ing information on the current inventory, transport containers tagged with 150 test run was executed. This part of the storage site and status of its blade boxes. Smart Labels was already achieved during project prepared everything to better the pilot project. allocate transport containers and their particular contents. Approach Although a link between the transport container and its contents had not yet Doing so involved optimizing the original Together with the Fraunhofer IFF in been established at this time, the Web- pilot application on the one hand and Magdeburg, Siemens PG has started the based information on transport container taking more substantial action in the project Transponder Integrated Processes location and status already created logistics on the premises of a large plant for Containers (TIP4Boxes). The objective tremendous transparency. on the other hand. Intensive consultati- of the project is to use RFID technology ons with the local Siemens IT department to improve the situation of operational TIP4BOXES Part II were essential if Web server, SQL data- organization of internal and external Given the positive results of TIP4Boxes base server, possibly WLAN conntection container logistics at its Berlin location. Part I, Siemens decided to continue the were and options for remote mainten- To this end, the transparency of con- project. TIP4Boxes Part II and Part III was ance were to be implemented in short tainer location and condition is being started. On the one hand, every trans- time. Since data security is an imperative, increased and, in a second step, con- port container is being tagged with the wireless transmission of data was tainer content is being linked with the transponders and, on the other hand, the especially met with great skepticism. container. IT infrastructure with more optimized Resolving this problem was a significant control points, a monitoring system and step toward to creating a new system TIP4BOXES Part I more mobile readers is being installed. landscape in the ongoing subprojects. In part one of the Tip4Boxes project, a This made the location, availability and potential analysis of the actual conditions status transport containers completely of container logistics was performed at transparent internationally. Siemens PG. Among other things, this analysis incorporated RFID technology and its dependence on the environment and product range. This resulted in a feasibility study and a preliminary concept with a draft approach to implementing the RFID technology for container management at Siemens PG. Relevant technologies were tested in advance at the Fraunhofer IFF's RFID lab, LogMotionLab.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 41 RFID Aided Asset Management

Helmut Röben Initial Situation Approach Tel. +49 391/40 90-485 [email protected] Programmable mobile data storage units RFID technology enables keeping track of (RFID transponders) allow directly inte- and monitoring the widest variety of grating information processes in physical assets, making it possible to more trans- processes. Thus, they can be directly parently organize and simplify entire mounted on assets too. The linkage of processes related to asset management. distributed and centralized information establishes the conditions for an orga- Unique identification of assets enables nizational solution that transparently providing fundamental information on maps logistics processes and is able to their condition and - when the RFID evaluate and better monitor them. This systems have been adeptly implemented can be built upon to establish process- - their position. In principle, this enables oriented control loops in supply chains. taking running inventory and continu- This optimal supply of information ensu- ously managing inventory. The distribut- res logistics process are high quality and ed information stored on assets serves as reliable. This and in particular the the basis for this. It allows continuously programmability of the data storage units tracking assets. The result is transparent and their ruggedness in harsh environ- material flows. Information on condition ments sets it apart from conventional can be retrieved directly on a compo- storage media. nent.

Figure: A handheld can be used to retreive and update information directly on an object. (Photo: Siemens Press Foto)

42 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Time-consuming inquiries and waits for Results information are eliminated because a direct connection to a central database is Implementing the RFID technology in unnecessary. asset management makes it possible to uniquely identify assets. Moreover, the Usually, mobile terminals similar to com- widest variety of information can be mercially available handhelds are used to stored directly on an object. The tech- exchange information between assets nology applied today allows storing up and the central databases or control cen- to 64,000 characters on a component. ter. This enables reading out and modify- Furthermore, this is nudging along ing the data of a component tagged with processes to standardize the data struc- RFID. ture, which are not only necessary for RFID technology but can also be used to Systems that monitor tools, components advantage in other domains in compa- or complete systems (e.g. engines) nies or among companies. throughout their entire lifetime have already been developed together with The availability of distributed information various partners (e.g. VEM Motors). To makes it possible to intensively exploit this end, assets were outfitted with RFID potentials for success in cycle times, cost, tags and relevant data, e.g. calibration or quality and security or even recognize servicing data, was stored on the asset. them in the first place. Likewise, RFID The resultant availability of such data technology can help implement rapid and with a tool dramatically improved the effective control loops in supply chains to monitoring of individual assets. Distribut- initiate status-driven workflows and ed data storage enabled eliminating indi- forced sequence. Thus, gaps can be vidual process steps and better monitor- localized and logistics processes actively ing others. This yielded a shorter and controlled. thus faster and more transparent process chain. Data was acquired with mobile terminals to ensure tool or component identification was unique. Web-based software made it possible to monitor assets cross-company and throughout the world.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 43 RFID Based Construction Site Logistics

Dr. Klaus Richter This project developed innovative logistics A cross-industry study analyzed and Tel. +49 391/40 90-420 concepts based on RFID technology for evaluated the status quo and added [email protected] medium-sized plant manufacturers. The value of drivers behind and obstacles to construction, retrofitting and shutdown the use of RFID solutions in small and Cathrin Plate of complex plants are projects that medium-sized plant manufacturing enter- Tel. +49 391/40 90-423 require lengthy preparation and must be prises. In addition, a cost-benefit analysis [email protected] wrapped up as quickly as possible. In examined the cost effectiveness of RFID such a project at a construction site, systems developed as prototypes. plant operators must organize human and material resources as well as plant To this end, the Fraunhofer IFF assembled manufacturers simultaneously and in a project consortium of five companies in parallel. If the budget or schedule are not which three industrial plant manufactur- kept, small and medium-sized enterprises ers, one RFID technology provider and involved as equipment suppliers or one systems integrator are members. service providers particularly run the risk of losing market and competitive advan- While each of the three plant manufac- tages through additional costs or con- turers analyzed the use of RFID in one tractual penalties. This situation holds process relevant to them, the other two potentials to utilize RFID technologies companies together with the Fraunhofer and thus improve the quality of informa- IFF provided the plant manufacturers tion and logistics processes related to support when they were implementing plant construction projects. the RFID technology in these processes and modifying their range of services as a result.

This project was supported by the Stiftung Industrieforschung from May 1, Figure 1: Structural steel elements at a construction site. 2005 to November 30, 2006. (Project reference no. S697)

44 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Tasks relevant to RFID were identified Project Partners and implemented with the partners in the field as technical RFID demonstrators: – SIGMA Maschinenbau GmbH – Stahlbau Magdeburg GmbH – Guaranteeing a secure transfer of – tkb Technologiekontor goods with objects or loading equip- Bremerhaven GmbH ment tagged with appropriate RFID, – Condat AG – Managing asset information relevant – Meshed Systems GmbH to certification with RFID on assets, – Localizing and managing inventory of plant components at construction sites (open air storage) and – Managing tools with RFID.

The demonstrators developed were tested under real conditions. The partners jointly analyzed the potentials for further improvements and aspects of cost effectiveness. The demonstrators are part of the Fraunhofer IFF's own RFID lab, LogMotionLab.

Figure 2: RFID scan with a mobile terminal.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 45 Innovative Telematic Technologies and Services in Forests and Meadows

Dr. Ina Erhardt Motivation Innovative RF and telematic technologies Tel. +49 391/40 90-811 will help cut wood logistics costs in the [email protected] Raw materials for the wood processing future. Cost pressure and structural industry or the generation of renewable adjustments are particularly an impetus energies are distributed over large areas for forestry operations to intensify use of in forests and meadows. Their widely telematic technologies. These are intend- differing species and forms require differ- ed to bring about savings by minimizing ent means of transportation. This redundant data acquisition, time spent presents logistics with a major challenge. searching for and being directed to sites, Conventional methods of logistics time and the labor required to inspect controlling and measurement only and the time to store stem wood and capture these processes incompletely. biomass. Mobile services such as deck Innovative developments in mobile infor- and order management, off-road naviga- mation technology are opening tremen- tion and condition monitoring are the dous potentials to improve logistics here. focus.

In the interconnected processes of wood RFID technology for marking timber logistics, the individual and unstandard- assortments provides more potential for ized business processes of the multitude rationalization. Electronic marking and of buyers and predominantly medium- identification makes the wood supply sized service providers with different chain significantly more efficient up tho cooperative and business relationships the factory. RF marking allows identifying cause frictional losses at the junctions of individual trunks with certainty and addi- processes and make logistics encompas- tionally allocating data important to the sing every actor difficult. wood processing industry, e.g. quantity, quality and owner. Mobile terminals transmit this data to central databases and internal systems where it is immediately available for others involved in the process.

Particularly in light of the heterogeneous structure of the interacting partners, new technological solutions will only lead to business success in wood and biomass logistics when a maximum number of partners have access to them.

Figure 1: PDA with the Fraunhofer IFF’s solution.

46 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Approach Taking identified deficits as the starting off-road components from the Fraun- point, the Fraunhofer IFF in Magdeburg hofer IFF in the forest. A user does not Optimizing timber transports with suit - developed an application that provides a have to input anything separately since able routing and navigation options sim- solution that is just as simple and prag- the applications switch between the plifies the planning and execution of matic as cost effective. This new off-road networks of public and private roads in timber transport logistics operations and navigation system’s unique feature is that the background. Thus, is navigation not can cut transport costs considerably. data on forest roads collected by state interrupted and changing devices or The forest especially holds developable forestry agencies has not been integrated applications is unecessary. The use of potential for optimization since the time in existing navigation systems but rather commercially available devices (laptop, needed for the distance from the road to supplements them. tablet PC or PDA) and commercial soft- timber storage is approximately quadru- ware only incurs minimal costs while ple that needed for the distance back to The navigation solution is easy to operate maintaining the optimal functionality of the road. and its route guidance is limited to essen- the overall application and, because it is tial functions such as directions and dis- regularly updated, ensures data on public Previous approaches to navigation off tances. At first, one or more target points roads is the latest. The option to inte- public roads met with little acceptance are entered. The system then calculates grate and individually use additional, among target groups because of their the route and guides the user over jump - specific forest information in the off-road high costs for end users and the foresee- ing off points determined in a special map is especially lucrative for use in able follow-up costs to keep data up-to- procedure (junctions from the public wood logistics. date. roads into the forest, see Figure 2) to the destination. The route guidance system uses commercial navigation systems on Results public roads and switches to the auxiliary This solution has been field tested by selected users in Saxony-Anhalt. They were especially impressed by the scope of user functions and the ease of operation, the interplay of single applications and the option to utilize and process additional, individual information in conjunction with minimal costs. In Saxony-Anhalt, the test results led to a thorough evaluation of forest road datasets. Its widespread use in the internal operations of the state forestry company and its service provider starting at the end of 2006 is being prepared.

Figure 2: Junction from public to forest roads at jumping off points. (Graphic: Fraunhofer IFF using an aerial photograpph from GeoContent GmbH Magdeburg.)

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 47 Innovation Coaching for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Katrin Reschwamm Initial Situation "Matchmaking events" predominantly Tel. +49 391/40 90-625 have a regional or national impact - and [email protected] Small and medium-sized enterprises only when systematically organized. (SME) typically find it difficult to profit from European funding for innovation The general tenor is that many innovative and research. A lack of resources, lan- companies would indeed be interested guage barriers, insufficient knowledge in EU projects yet fail to find the proper about funding opportunities and inter- support to overcome the hurdles connec- national partners as well as the fear of ted with preparing a proposal: losing their creative edge often prevent SME from participating in projects They desire information but only when intended to benefit them specifically. For specifically tailored to them. They desire years, the EU, the federal government cooperation but only when based on and state governments have been trying trust. They desire coaching as a means to to counter this unfortunate situation with self-help but do not want to pay for off- measures and initiatives - usually with the-shelf "consulting". less success than desired. Databases with corporate profiles, search machines and online project calls are not well known and hence seldom taken advantage of.

Fifure: smE-MPOWER: Bridging the divide between SME and FP7.

smE-MPOWER is being supported by the EU in its 6th Framework Programme. (Proposal no. 023401).

48 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Approach Results

Under these conditions, the Fraunhofer In the course of the first project year, IFF developed and is now coordinating twenty national workshops - some of the EU project smE-MPOWER with the them at the Fraunhofer IFF - have sensi- stated goal to strengthen a "people- tized over four hundred companies to oriented" approach to regional innova- funding opportunities. Some one tion coaching - as frequently pursued by hundred SME have expressed further innovation relay centers - and develop it interest. Forty have already participated further in international collaboration. in initial orientation talks and twenty have joined forces in twelve project Ten project partners from Germany, proposals. Moreover, the smE-MPOWER Great Britain, France, Ireland, Israel, partners are moderating the develop- Lithuania, Romania, Cyprus, the Slovak ment of seven international thematic Republic and Switzerland - all of them groups to specify projects as preparation SME support organizations - have been to proposal writing. These thematic working to realize this goal since groups can be viewed on the project November 2005. Along with direct SME website http://www.sme-mpower.net/ services, a European network of innova- and are open to interested experts and tion coaches is being established, which companies. intends to continue collaborating to share knowledge beyond the end of the project. Outlook

Companies may take advantage of smE-MPOWER until October 31, 2007.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 49 Fraunhofer IFF Gets Thai Enterprises Into Shape

Ralf Opierzynski Background/Need Objectives/Approach Tel. +49 391/40 90-352 [email protected] Thailand's economy recovered from the The primary objectives of the twelve- www.teams-sme.de effects of the Asian crisis (1997-1998) month project on Technology Partnership relatively quickly. Thailand has experien- and Training Cooperation in European ced annual economic growth of five to Management Information Systems to six percent since 2002, its small and Enhance the Competitiveness of Thai medium-sized enterprises (SME) contrib- SME (TEAMS SME) being supported by uting approximately one third of the the European Commission in its Small gross domestic product.1 Furthermore, Projects Facility (SPF) program are over ninety percent of the companies enhancing the competitiveness of Thai registered in Thailand by the Ministry of industry and advancing bilateral partner- Labor can be classified as SME.2 ships and cooperation between Thai and European companies and institutions. An analysis of these figures reveals that The Fraunhofer IFF is completing the these SME decisively influence Thailand's project in cooperation with the Federa- economic power, employment rate and tion of Thai Industries (F.T.I) in Thailand thus its standard of living too. Boosting and the Asian Society for Environmental the competitiveness of SME by optimiz- Protection (ASEP) in Thailand. ing costs and developing companies’ potentials for efficiency would have a Training and pilot implementation proj- perceptibly positive effect on the socio- ects are serving to familiarize decision economic situation in Thailand because makers from different target groups of scale effects. Yet, as the findings of (SME, consulting firms, government the project on Information Technology organizations and universities) with the and Communication in the Field of potential applications of selected meth- Sustainable Environmental Protection for ods and tools of corporate controlling, Resource Intensive Enterprises (ASIA IT&C focusing on management information FORCE) carried out by the Fraunhofer IFF systems based on company indicators. in cooperation with Karl Franzens Univer- This enables them to identify potentials sity in Austria and the Asian Society for for optimization throughout the opera- Environmental Protection (ASEP) in tional value added chain (e.g. weak point Thailand revealed, SME in particular still identification and process optimization have deficits when it comes to the use of based on transparent process chains) and innovative business management tools.3, to transfer applications to their own Consequently, potentials for cutting costs companies. and boosting efficiency largely remain unused.

50 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Outlook

The objectives of the TEAMS SME project include:

– Enhancing the competitiveness of Thai SME by qualifying and training decision makers from different target groups in corporate management information systems, – Transferring European know-how and select IT applications and adapting them to this specific country by piloting them locally (generation of local reference models) and – Initiating and establishing international expert and cooperation networks.

The project is one of the numerous project activities the Fraunhofer IFF has been carrying out in Asia, specifically Fugure: TEAMS SME project kick-off workshop in Bangkok, Thailand, April 2006. China, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, since 1999.

To this end, user training programs on tions (e.g. Thai-German Institute (TGI), Given the networks, partnerships and the efficient use of innovative manage- Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand contacts established through these proj- ment information systems are being con- (IEAT), SME Promotion Office, Ministry of ect activities, Fraunhofer IFF sees itself as ducted in various centers of industrial Industry's Department of Industrial Works a contact or "matchmaker" for com- concentration in Thailand (e.g. Bangkok, (DIW), SoftwarePark Thailand) who will panies interested in being active in Asia Rayong, Chonburi or HatYai). Knowledge conduct industry training programs in the in the future. and know-how transfer, network build- future. ing and prospective bilateral cooperation are also being emphasized. Thai and The goal is to develop and consolidate European organizations are closely col- networks of experts to provide for laborating on the organization and nationwide to transfer know-how of implementation of these actions. select corporate controlling methods and tools based on management information To ensure know-how is sustainably dis- systems. Implementation projects being seminated beyond the end of the project, carried out in select medium-sized enter- train-the-trainer workshops are training prises are demonstrating the practical local experts from various Thai organiza- relevance.

1 Economic Review in Bangkok Post, Thailand 2006. 2 Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand – Recent Trends”, World Bank Institute. 3 Information Technology and Communication in the Field of Sustainable Environmental Protection for Resource Intensive Enterprises ASIA IT&C FORCE, 2002-2004, www.asia-itc-force.de

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 51 Statelogger: Reliable and Cost Effective Equipment Operation through Condition-based Decision Support in Maintenance Planning

Frank Ryll Motivation – Formulating a condition-based Tel. +49 391/40 90-413 maintenance strategy, i.e. optimiz- [email protected] Every technical system wears out from ing maintenance intervals largely by use. Dependable information on the fully utilizing the service life of com- current and expected condition of equip- ponents while simultaneously improv- ment in use and any changes over the ing equipment availability and reduc- time of its entire service life is essential to ing maintenance costs operate technical assets reliably and cost effectively. Both technical and business – Establishing objective evaluation disciplines related to plant management criteria to assess maintenance strate- base important decisions on such infor- gies and the internal and external mation on condition. It is the basis for maintenance service providers’ work the following tasks: To support equipment management, – Comprehensive value management BMW AG and the Fraunhofer IFF initiated of technical assets incorporating a joint project in 2003 to determine the condition-based equipment value rate of wear of technical assets in the and reviewing the attainability of BMW Plant Leipzig and incrementally the service life planned for capital implemented it with the active collabora- equipment tion of different operators, manufacturers and maintenance service providers.

Figure 1: Analyses of pneumatic systems’ reserve of wear.

52 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Approach The advantage of this form of knowledge Results storage system is the ease with which The objective of this project is to develop even complex correlations can be repro- This method has been integrated in the a method and a tool that quantifies rates duced. Many experts' a priori knowledge Statelogger software system and tested of wear in technical assets as characteris- is preserved and made available. jointly with equipment operators, manu- tic values allowing for fluctuating loads. facturers and maintenance service provid- The method is based on rigorously apply- The methods ascertain fluctuating stres- ers. Experiences with technical assets are ing the empirical knowledge of many ses through an asset's service life, con- available for pneumatic systems, auto- technical experts involved in the equip- verts this into consumption of compo- matic guided vehicle systems and wind ment development process. The experi- nents' rates of wear and visualizes it in energy converters. ences of plant operators and service and near real time. The influences of mainte- maintenance providers are additionally nance actions are also factored in. Along The basic results of the project are: stored and utilized. with evaluating historical events of equipment operation and maintenance, fore- – Identification of potentials for cutting Empirical knowledge of complex cause casts of operating and failure behavior maintenance costs by consistently and effect correlations of parameters of incorporating planned operating parame- taking advantage of the advantages of equipment operation and resultant stres- ters can be generated and evaluated for a condition-based maintenance stra- ses on individual components is repro- effects on the future condition of equip- tegy duced as a set of linguistic rules in fuzzy ment. – Near real-time information on equip- controllers (Figure 2). ment condition – Simplification and acceleration of the planning of dynamic maintenance budgets – Optimzation of spare parts stocking and labor scheduling – Demand-driven request for external service providers, evaluation of their ranges of services and the work they perform – Forecast of life cycle costs – Sustained safeguarding of equipment know-how in the form of individuals’ empirical knowledge and the combination of various experts’ different levels of experience

Figure 2: Method to empirically determine stresses.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 53 Conclusion Outlook Collaboration

Quantifying the rate of wear of technical The Statelogger software system is an – BMW AG, Werk Leipzig, Gebäude und assets by means of the method described excellent basis for implementing new Energie supports operative equipment manage- maintenance strategies in companies, – HSG Technischer Service GmbH, ment and supports near real-time deci- which guarantee technical systems run Niederlassung Leipzig sion making. The evaluation system pre- efficiently, cost effectively and, above all, – Atlas Copco Kompressoren GmbH serves individuals' know-how and sup- reliably. This approach captures empirical ports the analysis and collection of com- knowledge and provides it for reuse. In plex data. Particularly in times of rapid the future, the combination of this impli- decision making and increasing cost pres- cit knowledge with technical knowledge sure, this system can enhance operative - for example, from technical documents synergies. It can be customized for of product documentation - will repre- operative requirements and additionally sent an expedientl extension. This exten- strengthen equipment manufacturers, sion will generate a unified and integrat- operators and industrial service providers' ed knowledge storage system that sup- competitive position by offering demand- ports the operation of technical systems driven maintenance services. with the knowledge on hand. This challenge is being met by the Plant Mainte- In joint projects, the Fraunhofer IFF tests nance and Operation Services (PMO Serv- this methodology and the evaluation ices) developed at the Virtual Develop- system for customized equipment direct ment and Training Centre VDTC in on site at an operator's facilities and inte- Magdeburg. PMO Services encompasses grates the results in company processes. the requisite supporting products and services to design, implement, provide and operate machinery and plants.

Figure 3: Dynamic budgeting incorporating equipment utilization.

54 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Project Reports: Dependability and Quality from Robotic Systems and Measurement and Testing Technology

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 55 SEK: Floating Inspection Unit for Large, Partially Filled Sewer Lines

Jose Saenz Motivation In 2002, the Fraunhofer IFF was engaged Tel. +49 391/40 90-227 as the general contractor to develop [email protected] The Emschergenossenschaft in Essen is automatic sewer cleaning and inspection currently planning the emscher:kanal, systems. It is essential to be able to arguably the largest residential water inspect the sewer lines with diameters project in Europe. Large parts of the of 1,400 to 2,800 millimeters that are sewer system will be constructed as a partially filled at least 25 percent during one line gravity sewer system that con- operation. The sewer system has a total tinually drains sewage from the catch- length of approximately 51 kilometers ment area. This will make walk-through and lies between 5 and 40 meters under- and manual inspection of the sewer ground. system impossible. One objective of the project was to prove the feasibility of the damage detection unit (SEK) that rapidly executes a primary inspection of the sewer lines.

Figure 1: Sewer inspection with a prototype damage detection unit.

56 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Concept Development The SEK floats autonomously and main- Implementation tains its centric position in the sewer line The damage detection unit pre-inspects during inspection. A media supply cable Two SEK prototypes were built and then the entire sewer. Attention was princi- connects the SEK with the control sta- tested under real conditions in different pally given to detecting major abnormali- tion. The flow of sewage carries the SEK sewer lines. ties such as material removal, deposits, passively along the longitudinal axis of obstructions and leaks in the gas space. the sewer line. The media supply cable is The SEK employs a multi-camera array. used to control it. It visually inspects the gas space with During the project, the following main greater accuracy than conventional components of the SEK were designed, For test and demonstration purposes, the commercial steerable tractors. The multi- tested for feasibility and further devel- SEK was designed to be deployable in camera array is additionally extended oped to meet requirements: conventional sewer lines with a light sectioning system to detect features in the gas space such as joint – Carrier system to position the SEK in width and pipe offset. An ultrasonic the sewer line sensor detects deposits and mechanical – Sensor and measuring systems to wear in the water space. Additional video inspect pipe condition above and cameras supply the operator more visual below the waterline and to detect information on the sewer's condition. deposits – Media supply system (power, data A pilot series of the SEK will be built, communication) tested in the real sewer system and opti- – Control system, navigation, operator mized by the end of 2007. control

Figure 2: SEK damage detection unit for preliminary inspection of large sewer lines.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 57 Cleaning System for the Exterior Surfaces of the Roof of Berlin Central Train Station

Justus Hortig Initial Situation The surface has a maximum gradient of Tel. +49 391/40 90-240 nearly 90 degrees. Diagonally running [email protected] In April of 2005, the Fraunhofer IFF was snow guards are mounted at three contracted to develop a semiautomatic heights. Approximately 17 centimeters cleaning system for the glass roof of high, they constitute a particular obstacle Berlin's new Central Train Station. The for the cleaning system. The north-south Fraunhofer IFF had submitted a technical roof, not yet complete at the time the concept beforehand and, after bidder contract was awarded but finished in discussions and contract negotiations, April 2006, runs perpendicular to and was awarded the contract. intersects the east-west roof at an angle of roughly 17 degrees, thus producing a Deviating from the bidding specifications, parallelogram-shaped crossing in the the concept proposed utilizing one device overlapping area and wedged shape for nearly all the roof surfaces to be secondary surfaces (pie slice) on the east- cleaned, including those supposed to be west section. The north-south roof only cleaned manually. This was the reason inclines to a gradient of approximately 20 the inspectors of vertical access and degrees. Nearly 200 meters long and 42 safety equipment gave the submitted meters wide, it has significantly smaller concept an excellent rating. surfaces. The roof has a total area of approximately 28,000 square meters. The roof surfaces to be cleaned encom- pass the entire glass roof from the ridge Gantries and smoke and heat vent flaps to the eaves. The length of the roof from are located in the area of the roof ridges. east to west is 278 meters with a maxi- Other gantries for maintenance and mum width of 66 meters. The slightly supply and fresh air flaps are located in curved tubular shape that tapers at the the area of the eaves of the east-west ends gives every pane a different dimen- roof. The gantries facilitate the transport sion. The otherwise continuous glass of individuals and material along the surface is interrupted around the main entire length of the roof without having girder by prestressed arches that emerge to step upon its surface. Travelling from the point of zero tension in 13 hoppers bridge the distance between the meter intervals. two roofs' gantries running transversely to one another.

Figure 1: The glass roof of Berlin Central Train Station.

58 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Approach A project team of design engineers, elec- Results trical engineers and control systems engi- The submitted concept for cleaning the neers rapidly implemented the proposed Tests of Filius' functionality on the roof roof areas described was refined and concept. Two cable winches that lower of the train station and of partial clean- implemented in the course of the project. the system to a right angle were inte- ing were conducted in spring of 2006. The finished system was named Filius. grated. Located in a particular area, the gantry secures and supplies Filius. A roller After a lengthy approval phase, the func- The key feature of this radio controlled brush with extremely long bristles (similar tionality was demonstrated in the most cleaning system is its big balloon tires to those in a carwash) cleans the building difficult to reach, wedge-shaped sections that enable it to drive over the snow gently and effective with softened water. of the east-west roof and accepted in guards. All-wheel drives also enable October. Filius, with the help of ramps, to navigate Apart from internal coordination, project the gantry rails and expansion joints management included the compilation of The Filius cleaning system will commence between the roofs and clean in the roof documentation for technical inspections, regular operation in 2007. Thus, the ridge. This made it possible to later elimi- external coordination with the on site management of Berlin's new Central nate tilting rails for the east-west roof, construction firm and consultation with Train Station will have a highly efficient which were intended to set the unit the construction site supervisor, safety cleaning tool operated by one to two down. supervisor and pertinent subcontractors, staff members of DB Services AG. This e.g. the gantry manufacturer. will greatly reduce the costs incurred for manual cleaning, normally in the mid five figures.

The client already presented the system at work in a television reportage.

Figure 2: Performance tests on the roof of Berlin Central Train Station. The client has already Figure 3: Filius at the uppermost snow guard. presented the unit’s at work in a television reportage.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 59 Wheelset Measuring Machine: Automatic Geometry Measurement of Train Wheelsets

Dirk Berndt Motivation Manual inspection, which cannot ensure Tel. +49 391/40 90-224 every quality parameter is reliably and [email protected] The interaction between wheel and rail fully measured and documented, is still stresses the wheels of rail vehicles frequently employed to measure wear on Erik Trostmann tremendously. Wheel geometry, the wheels and wheelsets. Tel. +49 391/40 90-220 wheels' radial and axial runout toleran- [email protected] ces, the distance from the inner wheel On the other hand, automatic scanning faces and the quality of bearing surfaces of all of a wheelset's geometric quality Silvio Sperling are critical quality parameters for safe parameter enables objectively and fully Tel. +49 391/40 90-232 and reliable rail vehicle operation and capturing and documenting data in just a [email protected] riding comfort. As train speeds continue few minutes. Once this data has been to increase, using objective measure- analyzed, the setpoint values for reprofil- Michael Schiller ments to assure quality parameters is ing a wheelset can be specified. In a Tel. +49 391/40 90-242 extremely important both when wheel- second measuring operation that follows, [email protected] sets are manufactured and in operation. the newly machined wheelset profiles are compared with the setpoint values calcu- Wear on wheelsets' running surfaces lated beforehand. Thusly reconditioned limits their useful life. After several thou- train wheelsets are significantly safer and sand kilometers, a worn wheel profile more reliable to operate and have con- must be measured and reprofiled on the siderably longer service lives. basis of the measured data.

Figure 1: Installed measuring machine.

60 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Procedure and Measuring Principle A friction drive turns the wheelset con- The wheelset measuring unit performs tinuously so every relevant geometric two jobs. One hand, it determines the The automatic geometry scanner feature can be scanned. The spindles are wheelset and wheel profile coordinate OptoInspect 3-D captures every relevant equipped with measuring systems to systems and, on the other hand, all the geometric quality parameter of train ascertain the particular angle of rotation. wheelset's relevant geometric parame- wheelsets. This measuring machine picks A PLC controls the operation, monitors ters. The wheelset coordinate system is a up a wheelset and sets it rotating and all safety functions and communicates cylindrical coordinate system and the then scans every geometric feature. Data with peripheral systems, e.g. the trans- basis for every dimension pertaining to a is acquired by clusters of optical line and port system and quality assurance sys- wheelset. point sensors that operate without tem. contact and on the basis of the triangula- tion principle (Figure 1). The components of the wheelset measur - Results ing unit are mounted on a stable granite The measuring machine has a modular slab precisely aligned with the wheelset's The Fraunhofer IFF additionally developed design and consists of a wheelset han- axis of rotation (spindle axis). Installed on contactless optical 3-D measuring sys- dling module and a wheelset measuring linear guides, each of a total of five sen- tems that operate faster and more pre- unit. sor clusters can be adjusted radially to cisely than their mechanical predecessors. the wheelset axis. These position the sen- These allow online three-dimensional The wheelset handling module automati- sor clusters precisely regardless what geometry inspection directly in the manu- cally places wheelsets in and removes wheel diameter is being measured. The facturing environment. them from the elevating position, lifts centrically mounted sensor cluster can them into the clamping position and additionally be designed to be axially This wheelset measuring machine has clamps them between two spindle adjustable to also scan geometric fea- been commissioned at a German railway sleeves located on two axially position- tures on brake discs if present. Optical technology company and certified by the able tailstocks so the wheelset can be sensors capture data entirely without Deutsche Bahn AG's measurement and centered on the machine (or floated into contact. A PC controls the motion sys- calibration division. position in the jargon). The spindles are tems, captures data through the sensor pivoted so the wheelset turns on its own clusters and evaluates and logs the data. axis. PC and PLC communicate through digital input and output and a serial interface.

Figure 2: Optical sensor cluster that captures Figure 3: Measurement dataset of a typical wheelset. profile characteristics.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 61 In-line Geometry Inspection of Automobile Wheels: Automatic Geometry Data Extraction

Nico Schmidt An automobile wheel’s exact geometry is extraction system’s innovation as well as Tel. +49 391/40 90-244 critically important for driving comfort particular challenge is the variety of [email protected] and safety. The metal parts must be wheel designs and dimensions. manufactured precisely so that the Dirk Berndt rubber tires fit perfectly and run true. In principle, the measuring machine Tel. +49 391/40 90-224 The high level of automation in industrial consists of three units: An image-based [email protected] manufacturing necessitates just as highly part identification unit, a 3-D measure- automated procedures in quality assur- ment and analysis unit and a mechanical Christian Teutsch ance. Until now, manufacturers have classification unit that sorts wheels based Tel. +49 391/40 90-239 usually checked wheel quality with on the result of measurement. After it [email protected] mechanical calipers that glide over a has been fed in, the wheel is secured by rotating wheel in a test bench. New opti- the measuring machine and a sensor Erik Trostmann cal measuring technologies and methods cluster captures its geometry. The sensor Tel. +49 391/40 90-220 of analysis are now making one hundred cluster consists of four light-sectioning [email protected] percent inspection possible here too. sensors that generate 3-D data on the basis of the principle of optical triangula- Uwe Amreihn A complex 3-D measuring machine for tion. Line scanning sensors capture the Tel. +49 391/40 90-226 in-line automobile wheel geometry areas on the bead seat and hub, point [email protected] inspection was developed at the Fraun- scanning sensors the geometries on the hofer IFF together with industrial part- bolt holes. ners. The automatic geometry data

Figure 1: Measuring machine for in-line automobile wheel geometry inspection.

62 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 The sensor cluster is mounted on rotary orientations and dimensions of part and lateral feed axes positioned accord- geometries fully automatically, detecting ing to the type of wheel automatically even the smallest deviations of shape and identified beforehand. Thus, the system position, which drivers would notice as automatically inspects the geometry of unpleasant vibrations and noise. Apart every type of car, SUV and motorcycle from a wheel's bead seat, the hub bores wheel between 13 and 24.5 inches. and bolt holes used to align and secure a Roller conveyers integrate the complete wheel on the vehicle’s axle are particu- system directly in the manufacturing larly important. process so that every single wheel can be inspected. These methods of data acquisition and evaluation can be employed flexibly and Once the 3-D data has been acquired, are suited for many applications and all the measurement data is exported to products, which require the precise a PC where the measurement data from measurement and inspection of three- all sensors is combined in an overall 3-D dimensional geometries. image typically consisting of more than one million 3-D coordinates. The computer extracts and analyzes the features. Intelligent algorithms determine the

Figure 2: Automatic acquisition of wheel Figure 3: Digitized 3-D data of a wheel’s bead geometry data in the 3-D measuring machine. seat and rim.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 63 Model-based Completeness Check for Assembly Processes

Steffen Sauer Quality assurance in industrial assembly Suitable see-through calibration was Tel. +49 391/40 90-261 processes represents a great challenge developed and implemented in order to [email protected] for manufacturers. The methods in use always display 3-D elements in their predominantly perform an inspection correct positions in the HMD. Since the Dirk Berndt after assembly and identify defective position of every component installed is Tel. +49 391/40 90-224 parts, which are then sorted out as known from stored CAD data, the [email protected] rejects or for reworking. However, widely display is generated to match the situa- varying small lots or production runs tion (e.g. a square is in the correct Johannes Tümler frequently require more flexible inspec- assembly position). As a result, the Tel. +49 391/40 90-715 tion that already intervenes during incor- correct assembly position and sequence is [email protected] rect assembly. That is why the Fraunhofer specified at the outset. IFF developed a novel system that pro- Dr. Rüdiger Mecke vides workers support during assembly to CAD data and a continually refreshed Tel. +49 391/40 90-146 prevent errors caused by selecting com- camera picture of the real assembly [email protected] ponents or assembling items incorrectly. provide the image processing system information on the target state of the The system consists of a mobile assembly being assembled. The CAD data aug mented reality or AR system (see corresponds to the design data and can Figure 1) connected with an image be imported directly from design processing system. Augmented reality programs. A virtual view representing the supplements visual perception with assembly from the view of the real virtual information. The mobile AR camera (Figure 2) is generated from the system inserts information on the CAD data. Components marked for ongoing assembly process directly in a inspection in the CAD data are extracted worker's field of vision by means of a from the virtual view and localized in the head mounted display (HMD). This camera pictures by a rapid and reliable information may consist of both textual search method. If an object cannot be information (part numbers and the like) localized, e.g. because a worker selected and 3-D elements overlaid in the correct the wrong part, the assembly is assessed position. to be incorrect.

64 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 The information on the correct or incorrect installation of a component is for- warded together with the related object position to the AR system, which informs the worker about the incorrect assembly through appropriate visual information (Figure 3). Since this information is inserted directly in the worker's field of vision, the worker can react immediately when an error occurs.

This type of completeness check provides manufacturers the advantage of having workers already inspect quality during the assembly processes and eliminating Figure 1: The worker supporting AR system. subsequent downstream inspections. Moreover, the direct import of CAD data makes the system extremely flexible and able to react to design changes promptly.

Figure 2: CAD model of an assembly.

Figure 3: Result of inspection with correctly mounted components (marked green by the system) and an incorrectly mounted component (marked red).

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 65 PARNASS: Parallel Assembly of Nanoscale Objects

Dr. Ulrich Schmucker Initial Situation Approach Tel. +49 391/40 90-226 [email protected] Nanoscale structures are usually manu- Self-organization concepts provide one factured by applying chemical processes way to effectively manufacture complex Dr. Mikhail Zubtsov such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) nanostructures. Just as gravitation or Tel. +49 391/40 90-226 or focused ion beams (FIB) or by system- spring force can be expediently used for [email protected] atically manipulating individual objects macroscopic assembly tasks, forces can, with scanning probe microscopes. in principle, be used on the scale of a few nanometers to support assembly The outcomes of chemical processes operations. always exhibit a stochastic distribution, which can be tolerated in many applica- On a scale of approximately one to one tions or is even advantageous (e.g. hundred nanometers, electromagnetic nanoscale surface coatings). More fields and thermodynamic effects basic- complex structures consisting of several ally cause different types of forces act functionally configured elements cannot between objects of the same order of be manufactured this way. To a certain magnitude. The range and effect of extent, this can be done by manipulating these forces differ fundamentally from individual objects. However, a serial their known macroscopic effects and approach is highly ineffective and hardly their nature and interaction have been suited for a production process. researched little so far.

This project is being supported by the EU Figure 1: View of the ion beam chamber with integrated nanomanipulators. in its 6the FRamework Programme. (Courtesy of Raith GmbH.) (Proposal no. 017071).

66 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Before these forces can be used for self- with extreme sensitivity up to a single Results organizing and highly parallel nanoscale molecule cost effectively and in large assembly, the aforementioned mecha- quantities. The findings obtained about the forces nisms have to be fundamentally and acting in the nanoscale range will make it thoroughly understood. In the PARNASS project, the Fraunhofer possible to develop technology for self- IFF is building upon experiences from a organizing assembly CNT and CNW. The This is the task the EU project PARNASS number of projects in the field of micro proof of concept will be provided at the (parallel nanoassembly directed by short- and nanomanipulation and their metrol- end of the project by, among other range field forces) headed by the Fraun- ogy to develop systems that handle indi- things, lab prototypes of sensors manu- hofer IFF is tackling. The interaction of vidual carbon nanotubes (CNT) and factured by the self-organizing assembly various nanoparticles and substrates is carbon nanowires (CNW) and measure of functionalized CNT and CNW on a being tested theoretically and experi- the forces interacting between particles specially structured substrate, which are mentally and special analysis and manu- and a substrate. suitable for the selective detection of facturing tools are being developed in proteins such as antibodies. Such a collaboration with researchers at the These measurements will serve as the sensor has dimensions on a nanometer Swedish universities of Halmstadt and basis for verifying theoretical models of scale (see Figure 2). Only detectable Lund, the Spanish University of Taragona, their interactions. These forces acting molecules (green in Figure 2) can bond to the University of Leipzig and the ion both normally and laterally to the surface the receptors of the functionalized CNT. beam equipment manufacturer Raith have magnitudes in the range of a few This alters the current flow through the GmbH in Dortmund. Special emphasis is tens of piconewtons (10 - 11 … 10 - 10 CNT. Other molecules (red) do not bond being given to the question of how skil- newtons). This makes extreme demands and, hence, do not affect measurement. ful selection, chemical modification and on the measuring and analysis systems. mechanical structuring of nanoparticles The measuring system will be integrated and a substrate can facilitate self-organiz- together with various handling systems in ing assembly processes. If this approach an ion beam system's vacuum chamber functions, it will be possible to use state- to structure the substrate and to conduct of-the-art and relatively well established the experiments (see the experimental technologies, for example, to manufac- setup in Figure 1). ture highly selective chemical sensors

Figure 2: Schematic of a molecule-sensitive field effect transistor with functionalized CNT.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 67 Combined Image and Inertial Sensor Based Gait Analysis

Uwe Amreihn Initial Situation The following aspects stand in the way of Tel. +49 391/40 90-226 their practical use: [email protected] Objective motion analyses are extremely interesting in medicine both for diagno- – Long, personnel-intensive evaluation Martin Woitag stics and the evaluation of the success of times Tel. +49 391/40 90-231 therapy. Potential uses of motion analy- • Elaborate postprocessing of [email protected] ses exist in out-patient and in-patient recorded data treatment, particularly rehabilitation, and • Poor evaluation of motion Dirk Berndt medical research. sequences of interest Tel. +49 391/40 90-224 – High equipment costs [email protected] Existing motion analysis systems are only – Complex preparation and operation used in medicine to a limited extent, • Application of markers to points primarily in research. Reasons for this are on joints the constraints the use of motion analysis • Positioning of numerous cameras systems entails. from various perspectives (to eliminate obscuring) – Major influence of errors on recon- structed trajectory curves

Hence the project consortium set itself the goal of developing a motion analysis system that supports the analysis of motion sequences with little cost for equipment and a concept for easy operation.

Figure 1: Camera cluster (blue) with inertial sensor system (red).

68 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Approach system records rotation rates and accel- analysis algorithms for image data erations with approximately ten times the processing and serves as the basis for The project partners designed a 3-D frequency of the camera cluster. Informa- automatic online analysis of image motion analysis system that applies a tion from the inertial sensor system com - sequences, thus simplifying operation for novel approach to meet the target pensates when something is obscured system users. requirements. The heart of this motion from the camera cluster, thus making it analysis system is a camera cluster that possible for the optical sensor system to Another option to reduce the system's tracks the positions of joints based on a employ standard cameras instead of complexity is to apply the "analysis body model and without target markers. expensive high-speed cameras and to through synthesis principle" to the The system's cameras are focused on the reduce the number of cameras needed. motion analysis. This principle relatively scene of the motion sequence from only simply compensates for sensor data two perspectives. A kinematic sensor Reference positions obtained from the missing from the recorded motion system (inertial sensors) affixed to the optical sensor system compensate for the sequence. This method is based on a subject supports the camera cluster. inertial sensor system's weaknesses, e.g. frame model from which joint angles are signal drift during data acquisition over taken and a body shape model with The motion analysis system was tested several seconds. A picture of a subject which recorded motion data is verified. In on a medical gait analysis test setup with equipped with inertial sensors is reprodu- motion analysis, successive motions from cameras arrayed alongside and behind ced in Figure 2. the model are simulated in an interactive the direction of motion and the inertial process and verified with the real moti- sensor system (see the schematic in Among other things, the inertial sensor ons recorded. This process no longer Figure 1). system's precise determination of gait depends on the actual motion sequences phases enhances the system's practicabil- being recorded absolutely correctly and The system was outfitted with a synchro- ity. The times of the gait phases (stance, completely . nization and start unit that enables all preswing, midstance, contact) are detect- the sensor units to record data synchro- ed to the precise millisecond and enable The body frame model and body shape nously. The optical and kinematic sensor the optical sensor system to exactly model are presented in Figures 3 and 4. units supplement one another when data assign the image sequences to the gait is being recorded. The inertial sensor phases. This considerably simplifies the

Figure 2: Subject with inertial sensors Figure 3: Body frame model. Figure 4: Body shape model. (recorded by one of the system’s cameras).

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 69 Results Project Framework

The project consortium created a pilot The joint project on 3-D gait analysis in gait analysis system in the course of the neuromedical technology was carried as project. The system’s practicability was an InnoMed project in the InnoRegio demonstrated in principle. In addition, program line of the Federal Ministry of extensive tests were performed, e.g. at a Education and Research's innovation clinic at Magdeburg University Hospital. initiative "Entrepreneurial Regions". Otto von Guericke University Magde- Further development of the motion burg's Department of Electrical Engineer- analysis system into a product for a ing, Signal Processing and Communica- concrete analysis task is planned in other tion Technology (IESK) and the Fraun- stages of work. hofer IFF were involved in the project as research partners and INB Vision AG and SYMACON Bildverarbeitung GmbH as industry partners.

70 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Project Reports: Efficiency through New Processes, Materials and Plant Engineering

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 71 Gas Conditioning for Fuel Cells

Dr. Lutz Hoyer Initial situation Approach and Results Tel. +49 391/40 90-351 [email protected] In light of the growing scarcity of fossil "High Temperature Fuel Cells for Use in fuels, the signatory nations that pledged CHP" is a collaborative internal Fraun- Dr. Sascha Thomas to protect the climate in the Kyoto Proto- hofer-Gesellschaft project between the

Tel. +49 391/40 90-374 col reached an agreement to reduce CO2 Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Tech- [email protected] emissions by 2012 by 5.2 percent com- nologies and Systems IKTS, the Fraun- pared to 1990. Given this background, hofer Institute for Environmental, Safety renewable energies hold great potential and Energy Technology UMSICHT and for the future. the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Oper- ation and Automation IFF, which is devel- One potential use of renewable fuels is oping a gas conditioning system. anaerobic conversion of biomass into biogas with the aid of microorganisms. The system consists of a planar SOFC Its methane content of 50 - 70 percent stack, a gas cleaning and reforming unit makes it usable as energy in fuel cells. and an afterburner and humidifier to Fuel cells' direct conversion of the chemi- generate two kilowatts of electrical cal energy from the fuel gases used into power as a scalable prototype for power electrical power and their particularly supply systems powered with biogas with high electrical efficiencies, low noise, output in the range of one to ten kilo- substantially reduced emissions and ideal watts of electricity. A prototype to be conditions for cogeneration will make built by 2007 will then convert pre- them extremely important for the cleaned biogas into electricity. production of electricity in the future. The Fraunhofer IFF is working on reforming biogas with the goal of generating a

fuel gas (CO, H2, CH4) usable in the fuel cells. A comprehensive simulation study identified the operating conditions that allow stable autothermal operation of a reformer without coking the catalyst and downstream system components.

Building upon this, the researchers from the Fraunhofer IFF engineered the reformer and tested its steady-state operation and startup and shutdown operations on a lab test bench (Figure 1).

72 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report Along with its work on biogas reforming, it possible to analyze gas mixtures in situ, In addition, the Fraunhofer IFF is develop- the Fraunhofer IFF is working in the i.e. where they originate, at higher ing the complete control system for the project on developing gas potentiometric temperatures (> 800 °C) without prototype with a computer unit to record oxygen probes (GOP) (Figure 2). When sampling. The probes developed at the and archive the quantities of data that they come in contact with a gas being Fraunhofer IFF are implemented to accrue during test operation. The col - analyzed, these sensors deliver a voltage control certain system components, lected data can be utilized for a detailed signal from which gas composition can particularly those of the reformer and the analysis of a test. be determined. This type of sensor makes afterburner. The hardware being employed for the prototype is split into two separate subunits:

– A control cabinet with programmable logic controller and – 19 inch rack components for process visualization and data archiving.

The control unit is designed for real use and for industry. The computer unit for visualization and archiving has been designed to be redundant and failsafe for the relevant test data. Once a precise estimate of the scope of programming and the connected peripherals has been made, the control unit will be optimized for product launch.

Figure 1: Autothermal reformer lab test stand. Figure 2: Gas potentiometric oxygen-solid electrolytte probe for gas analysis.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 73 Experimental Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Plant for Research and Teaching

Dr. Lutz Hoyer Hanoi University of Technology (HUT) In particular, research will emphasize the Tel. +49 391/40 90-351 contracted the Fraunhofer IFF to engineer transfer of knowledge about CFBC tech- [email protected] and construct a circulating fluidized bed nology as well as the testing of burn-off combustion plant (CFBC). The plant is and emissions characteristics of solid Dr. Eyck Schotte intended to support both academic train- fuels in CFBC. Not only fossil fuels but Tel. +49 391/40 90-357 ing of engineers and scientific research. also biomass (rice husks, wood and [email protected] reeds) are particularly interesting.

The parameters of the CFBC in Vietnam are:

– Thermal power: 50 kW – Bed dameter: 100 mm – Height of combustion chamber: 7 m – Primary volumentric flow:150 Nm3/h – Secondary volumentric flow: 80 Nm3/h

By varying the fuel metering system, the reactor can be charged with fuels with different characteristics, e.g. size, lumpi - ness, shape and homogeneity, and at a mass flow of a maximum of ten kilo- grams per hour. The reactor maintains a nearly constant temperature of up to

900 degrees Celsius. Thus, little NOx is produced and ash is prevented from fusing.

The circulating fluidized bed reactor is equipped with extensive metrology, e.g. volumetric flowmeter, thermocouples and pressure sensors. A programmable logic controller (PLC) displays and stores every measured value. In addition, the PLC can be used to set diverse process parameters such as the quantity or the temperature of the air fed in.

Figure: Erection of the circulating fluidized bed combustion plant or CFBC in Vietnam.

74 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 ALFA Growth Core: Fiber Composites from Saxony-Anhalt

Susan Gronwald The Growth Core Allianz Faserverbünde Users were already able to convince Tel. +49 391/40 90-820 (ALFA) is an association of several manu- themselves of the product's advantages [email protected] facturing companies, the Fraunhofer in the phase of prototype development. Institute for Factory Operation and Auto- The hollow profiles' properties make their mation IFF Magdeburg, the Fraunhofer use in the range of products interesting. Institute for Reliability and Microintegra- tion IZM Berlin, the Fraunhofer Institute Particular challenges in the project are for Applied Polymer Research IAP Pots- automating the processing of fiber com- dam and Otto von Guericke University posite materials into a flexibly adaptable Magdeburg. The Growth Core's goal is hollow profile and developing connecting to establish mass production of fiber elements. Intensively optimizing the proc- composite materials with a broad range ess and performing a wide-ranging prod- of products in Saxony-Anhalt. uct analysis will be the basis for a broad market launch of the hollow profiles. To this end, products and manufacturing methods distinguished by superior func- Other partners in the project are Otto tionality and cost effective manufacturing von Guericke University Magdeburg's will be developed in numerous projects. Department of Mechanical Systems IFME, The project "Hollow Profiles" in which H & B Omega Europe GmbH in Oster- the Fraunhofer IFF is significantly involved weddingen and the Innovations-Zentrum is intended to develop an automated Mineralguss BÄR in Haldensleben. method to manufacture hollow profiles. Since they are constructed from fiber composites, they are particularly strong and lightweight.

Figure 1: Reinforcing profile for window construction.

This project is being supported by the BMBF for a period of three years starting Figure 2: Concept for hollow profile manufacturing technology. in July 2006. (Project reference number 03WAX02A).

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 75 76 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Highlights, Events and Trade Fair Presentations in 2006 (Selection)

On the Long Night of Science in Magdeburg on May 20, 2006, researchers presented the walking robot“Katharina” equipped with state-of-the-art sensors.

Photo: Andreas Lander/ City of Magdeburg

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 77 Leading production logistics researchers gathered at the Fraunhofer Institute for January 13, 2006, Magdeburg Factory Operation and Automation in Magdeburg on January 13, 2006 to hold a Colloquium Honoring Institute Founder colloquium on the occasion of the seventieth birthday of Prof. Eberhard Gottschalk, Prof. Eberhard Gottschalk on his founder and former director of the Fraunhofer IFF. Former BVL chairman Seventieth Birthday Dr. Hanspeter Stabenau congratulated the birthday boy and delivered congratulations and a present from the BVL board.. January 15-19, 2006, San José (USA) Electronic Imaging 2006 (Conference) Exhibit: – Real-time Detection of Elliptical Shapes for Automated Object Recognition and Object Tracking Contributor: Christian Teutsch Dirk Berndt

January, 16-18, 2006, Bilbao (Spain) SEVENPRO Project Kick-off Contributors: Dr. Eberhard Blümel Heike Kissner Matthias Strauchmann Dimitri Giwerzew

February 14, 2006, Kaiserslautern Cooperation in Applied Research (Workshop) Fraunhofer Vision Alliance with Partner Enterprises Contributor: Former Chairman of the Board of the BVL Dr. Hanspeter Stabenau presented the birthday boy Dirk Berndt the BVL board’s present, a sculpture by the Worpswede artist Waldemar Otto. February 14-16, 2006, Karlsruhe LEARNTEC 2006 (International Convention and Trade Fair for Educational Information) Exhibits: – Virtual Interactive Training – Virtual Manuals Contributors: Heike Kissner Michaela Schumann Wilhelm Termath

March 1, 2006, Magdeburg 8th HLA Forum Direction: Dr. Steffen Strassburger Marco Schumann

78 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 March 2-3, 2006, Magdeburg On March 2 and 3, 2006, experts from business and industry, the academic and Plant Engineering of the Future research communities and government dealt in Magdeburg with the trends, (Conference) opportunities and challenges in plant engineering. At the fourth conference on Key Topics: "Plant Engineering of the Future", industry experts discussed how to gain – Virtual Reality competitive edges in plant engineering. – Eastward Expansion of the EU – Trends in Plant Engineering Supporting Program: Exhibition, Cooperation Exchange Exhibits: – ViVERA, Coupling Real Controls and Virtual Models – smE-MPOWER Project At the accompanying exhibition, Torsten Direction: Böhme from Fraunhofer IFF presented a Prof. Michael Schenk coupling of a real Siemens control system with Contributors: the virtual model of a heavy machine tool. Dr. Martin Endig, Katrin Reschwamm Marco Schumann Andrea Urbansky

March 2-3, 2006, Bled (Slovenia) NEAC Conference: Competence Assessment Slovenia Virtual Engineering of Products and The Fraunhofer IFF was represented at CeBit at the joint stand of the Ministry of Processes (Workshop) Education and Research (BMBF), a special satellite navigation stand and a stand for the Contributors: Ministry of Economics and Technology's (BMWi) initiative "Fit for the Competition for Dr. Eberhard Blümel Knowledge" in the SME Forum. ViVERA exhibits at the BMBF's joint stand aroused Tina Haase great interest. After all, virtual reality (VR) makes it possible to run crash tests on a computer or install a new machine tool in an existing production facility even before March 9-15, 2006, Hannover the first prototype has been built. The ViVERA Network of Competence intends to CeBit 2006 make this technology accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises too. Exhibits: –ViVERA – Off-road Navigation Solution and Smart Pallet – Presentation of the project “ProWis: Process-oriented and Integrated Knowledge Management in SME” Contributors: Marco Schumann Heike Kissner Dr. Ina Ehrhardt Dr. Klaus Richter Stefan Voigt

Marco Schumann from the Fraunhofer IFF (2nd from l.) shows Dr. Bernd Reuse (m.), then Head of the Software Systems Department at the BMBF, the ViVERA exhibits at the BMBF’s joint stand.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 79 March 22-23, 2006, Brussels (Belgium) EIRAC Project (Workshop) Contributor: Dr. Eberhard Blümel

March 30-31, 2006, Shenzhen (China) China-Europe Forum on eLogistics (International conference organized as part of the project eLOGMAR-M) Direction: The nine speakers at the 9th Logistics Guest Lecture Series 2006 "Logistics as a Field Dr. Eberhard Blümel of Work of the Future: Potentials, Implementation Strategies and Visions" illuminated Dr. Steffen Strassburger various thematic fields of logistics. They highlighted how their organizations are tack- Contributor: ling current market challenges (shorter delivery times, increasing product complexity, Kay Matzner increasing diversity of variants, etc.) with the aid of logistics and using logistics as a competitive edge. Altogether 1,200 attendees came to the Fraunhofer IFF to find out March 30-31, 2006, Berlin about leading organizations’ logistics concepts. A highlight of this year's lecture series 6th Service Day of the Federal Ministry was the presentation by Jens Wollesen, member of executive management at Kühne + of Education and Research Nagel. Wollesen spoke on the concept "Supply the Sky: Integrated Logistics Concept Exhibit: for the Aviation Industry" for which Kühne + Nagel won the 2005 German Logistics – Presentation of the project Award. The "Supply the Sky" logistics concept developed over the last ten years by “One-Stop Services for Global transferring proven methods from other areas of application makes the aircraft the Inndustrial Manufacturing” focus of activities in every phase of the life cycle. Thus, Kühne + Nagel provide logis- Contributor: tics services of the highest quality standard worldwide, from development and manu- Jörg von Garrel facturing to operation up through maintenance and in-flight services. Other highlights included the presentation by Jürgen Hupe (AIRBUS) on aircraft life costing and the April 3-5, 2006, Bangkok (Thailand) presentation on "Logistics Surrounding the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany" by Kick-off of the EU Small Project Facility Stefan Hans (FIFA WC Organization Committee) and Christian Schultze Programme project “SPF TEMAS SME” (SCHENKERglobalsportsevents). Exhibit: – Technology Partnership and Training Cooperation in European Manage- ment Information Systems to Enhance the Competitiveness of Thai SMEs Direction: Dr. Ina Ehrhardt Ralf Opierzynski

April 11 - June 13, 2006, Magdeburg 9th Logistics Guest Lecture Series 2006 “Logistics as a Field of Work of the Future: Potentials, Implementation Strategies and Visions” Direction: Prof. Michael Schenk Prof. Karl Inderfurth Prof. Dietrich Ziems Patron: Dr. Karl-Heinz Daehre, Saxony-Anhalt The speakers from industry drew audiences and filled the conference rooms Minister of State Development and at the Fraunhofer IFF. Transportation

80 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 May 4, 2006, Magdeburg Europe Minister Rainer Robra opened Europe Week at the Fraunhofer IFF on May 6, Biomedical Technology (Workshop) 2006. The minister emphasized the advantages of EU research funding. So far, fifty- Contributor : nine projects from universities and colleges and non-academic research institutions in Dirk Berndt Saxony-Anhalt are involved in the current research program. "The opening of Europe Week is completely dominated by research and science," according to Robra. Thus, it May 6, 2006, Magdeburg fits well into the concept of city of Magdeburg, which is celebrating the "Year of Opening of Europe Week at the Science" in 2006.. Fraunhofer IFF

May 9-12, 2006, Sinsheim CONTROL 2006 (Trade Fair) Presentation: – Wheel Measuring Machine as an Example of Instpection Integrated in Manufacturing Exhibit: – Wheel Measuring Machine Europe Minister Rainer Robra at the opening Direction: of Europe Week at the Fraunhofer IFF. Dirk Berndt

May 15-17, 2006, Lyon (France) The "International Conference on Information Systems, Logistics and Supply Chains" International Conference on Information highlighted specific applications and research findings in the field of supply chains Systems, Logistics and Supply Chains and logistics management, focusing on information systems and their development. (Conference) Contributor: Mike Wäsche The Fraunhofer IFF was strongly represented in the program of the convention May 16-17, 2006, Lahnstein "Maintenance Performance in Focus" and presented RFID solutions for maintenance in 27th VDI/VDEh Maintenance Forum the accompanying exhibition. Dr. Gerhard Müller chaired the session on "Enhancing Maintenance Performance in Focus Productivity". In his talk, Dr. Klaus Richter presented potentials for RFID technology (Congress) and best practice solutions in maintenance. Richter additionally moderated the work- Exhibits: shop on "Maintenance and RFID: Where Are They Headed?" The Fraunhofer IFF has – Statelogger: Determination of been working on research and development in this field for more than ten years. It Rates of Wear of Technical Assets already had the know-how in 1999, - long before the current RFID boom - to imple- to Formulate Condition-based ment RFID based tool maintenance and management at AIRBUS. Maintenance Strategies – Competence Finder: Establishing Service Partnerships – RFID Applications in Maintenance Contributors: Cathrin Plate Frank Ryll Tobias Kutzler Program Committee Member: Dr. Gerhard Müller Productivity Enhancement Session Chair: Dr. Gerhard Müller

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 81 May 16-19, 2006, Hamburg WindEnergy (International WInd Energy Trade Fair) Federal Minister of Economics Michael Glos, Brandenburg Minister President Exhibits: Matthias Platzeck and the Director of the Russian Federation's Federal Agency on – Wind Energy Converter Components Industry Boris Aljeshin opened the exhibition at the International Aerospace Diagnostics and Condition Evaluation Exhibition ILA 2006. More than 1,000 exhibitors from over 40 countries presented – Maintenance and Service Conceptto their products, systems and processes from every branch of this high-tech sector. Boost Wind Park Project Availability The organizers registered a total of more than 250 000 visitors. and Cost Effectiveness The Fraunhofer IFF and its Russian partner, the Russian Institute of Aviation Joint Stand with SystemsGosNIIAS, jointly presented new information technologies that guarantee WINDSTÄRKE BREMERHAVEN BREMEN the quality and reliability of manufacturing and logistics processes in the aviation Contributor: industry. The system "RFID for Aviation Components" for clear and tamper-proof Frank Ryll labeling of components was presented. Numerous representatives from Russian industrial companies and airlines displayed great interest in this identification May 16-21, 2006, Berlin technology. ILA 2006 (International Aerospace Exhibition) Exhibit: – RFID for Aerospace Components Over forty cultural, academic and scientific organizations opened their doors in the Contributors: "Long Night of Science" and extended an invitation to go on interesting, nocturnal Helmut Röben voyages of discovery. This major event enabled residents of Magdeburg and their Dr. Ulrich Schmucker guests to experience more than 150 experiments, activities and presentations and Dr. Stanislav Morozov find out what science and research in Magdeburg really look like. In its testing facility, the Fraunhofer IFF presented highlights from four fields of May 20, 2006, Magdeburg research: Automation, Virtual Development and Training, Logistics and Process and Long Night of Science Plant Management. Highly complex research findings were presented simply and vividly. May 21-23, 2006, Bratislava In the LogMotionLab, even the youngest came away with an idea of the variety of (Slovak Republic) potential uses of RFID technology. An entertaining race with cars tagged with RFID Collaborative German-Slovakian Event presented transponder-supported logistics of tomorrow. The walking robot with the Key Industries of Machinery "Katharina" outfitted with advanced Manufacturing and the Automotive sensors showed visitors how automation Industry (Conference) can simplify life. A cleaning robot Host: that cleans the glass facade of the Slovakian Republic Ministry of Economics Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft's headquarters and Labor to a shine every day demonstrated that Contributors: technology never wearies. Helmut Röben Roman Bystricky

June 1, 2006, Berlin AiF 13th SME Innovation Day (sponsored by the BMWi) Exhibit: – Catalytic Afterburner System Direction: Dr. Sascha Thomas

82 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 June 8, 2006, Göttingen Automatic Inspection of Painted Surfaces (Workshop) Contributors: Dirk Berndt Erik Trostmann Silvio Sperling Christian Teutsch

June 8, 2006, Magdeburg In May 2006, not only Janez Potocnik, EU Commissioner for Science and Research, European Innovation Supporn: New made clear that knowledge and innovation have top priority for growth. According Opportunities for SME (Workshop) to leaders from all over the world, the capacity to innovate is the most important Direction: prerequisite to prosperity. Reducing costs and developing new markets is no longer Katrin Reschwamm enough in today's competition. Companies ought to focus attention on continuously Andreas Wolf improving products, services and processes. The figures are sobering however: Over two-thirds of the projects planned by German June 8-9, 2006, St. Augustin development units fail to reach market maturity. Of those that do overcome the 2. Fraunhofer Knowledge Management obstacles, many end as failures. Innovation means a healthy dose of creativity and Forum curiosity as well as a willingness to take risks. Failure should be understood as a Presentation: normal part of the development process. Janez Potocnik looks positively into the – Presentation of the Fraunhofer IFF’s future though. The EU is on its way to establishing the best conditions for innovative industry knowledge management SME. With its workshop "European Innovation Support: New Opportunities for SME", project in a lecture on “Instruments of the Fraunhofer IFF provided SME support in their innovation processes by highlighting Integrated Knowledge Management funding opportunities and eliminating potential obstacles through reports on at Basler AG” by Elke Dullweber, experiences. Knowledge Manager and Head of Documentation, Basler AG Exhibit: – Organization and Methods of Knowledge Management Contributor: Stefan Voigt

June 11-16, 2006, Athens (Greece) ISPIM 2006 Conference Networks for Innovation Exhibit: – A Novel Approach to Empowering SME for Long-term Research Interests and Increased Participation in EU RTD Activities. Direction: Katrin Reschwamm Andreas Wolf

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 83 June 16, 2006, Magdeburg Imaging Measurement and Testing Technology in Railroad Engineering (Workshop) Direction: Dirk Berndt

June 21-22, 2006, Magdeburg 9th IFF Science Days Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality for Engineering, Testing and Operating Technical Systems

Together with State Secretary Valentin Direction: Gramlich, Prof. Michael Schenk welcomes the Prof. Michael Schenk attendees to the 9th IFF Science Days.

With more than 400 attendees from industry, academia and research, attendance was Program higher than ever before. The large number of attendees from commercial enterprises demonstrated that the IFF Science Days are tailored to companies' needs. June 21, 2006 The Fraunhofer thus IFF creates a functioning interface between research and business. The themes of this year's conference focused on virtual reality (VR) and – Opening Remarks and Impulse augmented reality (AR). VR denotes a computer generated three-dimensional and Lectures interactive environment in which users can immerse. Augmented reality entails inserting information into a user's field of view. To do so, special goggles are, for – Sequence 1 instance, equipped with a projection system. Virtual Engineering in Vehicle and Aircraft Development Chairs: Prof. Martin Eigner Prof. Ulrich Gabbert

Applications in Factory and Plant Planning Chair: High spirited discussions among experts: Dr. Ulrich Schmucker Prof. Thomas Schulze, Dr. Gerhard Müller and Prof. Peter Lorenz. – Sequence 2

Methods for the Virtual Factory Chair: Prof. Bernhard Karpuschewski

Applications in Medical Technology and Biotechnology Chairs: More than 400 attendees from the business, Prof. Bernhard Preim academic and research communities came to Matthias Pross, M.D. Magdeburg for the 9th IFF Science Days.

84 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 June 22, 2006 The conference on "Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality for Engineering, Testing and Operating Technical Systems" opened with two presentations of research and – Sequence 1 a real example from the automotive industry. The ViVERA Network of Competence and the INTUITION European Network of Excellence reported on the current state of Safer Production with Integrated VR: research in the field of virtual reality. The carmaker AUDI presented the challenges Human Factor Solutions (VIRTHUALIS)« confronting an international company with global production networks and the virtual Chair: logistics and production planning solutions that have already been implemented. Dr. Simone Colombo The aerospace and automotive industries in particular but also other sectors such as machinery and plant manufacturing, shipbuilding and medical technology are already Technology-based Qualification in employing virtual technologies. Now as before, there is great need for research. Industrial Application Companies such as AIRBUS, AUDI, BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Lürssen Werft, MTU Fried- Chairs: richshafen, Opel, Siemens and Volkswagen sent executives, development managers Ass. Prof. Michael Dick and IT specialists to find out about trends and discuss the need for further develop- Prof. Klaus Jenewein ment with researchers.

– Sequence 2

Foundations of Virtual Engineering Chair: Prof. Roland Kasper

Virtual Engineering Applications Chair: Prof. Karl-Heinrich Grote

Humans and Technology Chair: Prof. Winfried Marotzki

Interaction Techniques in VR/AR Environments Chair: Dr. Eberhard Blümel

Animated discussions with an international flair. Supplementary Workshops/Events

June 21, 2006 June 22, 2006

– Workshop – Workshop Innovations from Central Germany. Wood Logistics Telematics and RFID Chair: Chair: Dr. Hubert Röder Steffen Fröhlich – Workshop – Industry Working Group Product Service for Mechanical and Cooperation in Plant Engineering Plant Engineering Chair: Chair: Andrea Urbansky Dr. Martin Endig

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 85 June 28-29, 2006, Moscow (Russia) Interlogistica Marketing Research in the field of Imaging Measurement and Testing Technology (Workshop) Direction: Dirk Berndt

The classic division of roles among plant June 28-29, 2006, Weimar manufacturers and plant operators is GeoForum 2006 changing dramatically. Now more than (21st Intergraph Users Conference) ever, industrial plants must be monitored Contributor: and optimized throughout their entire Frank Mewes life. This is generating new business models and service offerings. The part- July 4-5, 2006, Salzburg (Austria) ners involved have to grow into new 1st Asset Business Summit roles. Machinery and plant manufacturers “New Forms of Industrial Plant Manage- are taking over more and more services ment” (Convention) as part of life cycle optimization. Presentation: Against this background, discussion – Service Partnerships: Dividing Expertise at the 1st Asset Business Summit in and Work to Mutual Advantage Salzburg focused on issues of value Prof. Michael Schenk orientation in plant management, plant Exhibits: operators' own work, maintenance – Statelogger: Determination of service providers and excellence in asset Rates of Wear of Technical Assets management. to Formulate Condition-based Maintenance Strategies – Competence Finder: Establishing Service Partnerships – RFID Applications in Maintenance Contributor: Frank Ryll

Interforst 10th International Trade Fair for Forestry and Forest Technology addressed July 12-16, 2006, Munich the issues of forest regeneration and care, forest conservation, timber harvesting and Interforst (10th International Trade Fair logging, log storage, forest road construction and maintenance, timber transport for Forestry and Forest Technology vehicles, conversion at roundwood yards, woodworking and wood heating, protective with Scientific Conferences and and recreational forests, tree care, landscape conservation and agricultural engineer- Special Shows) ing, EDP, surveying, forest management and telecommunication, occupational health Contributor: and safety, first aid, information, consulting, services and timber harvesting services. Dr. Ina Ehrhardt

July 24-26, 2006, Chengdu (China) Optical Scanning of Train Wheelsets (Workshop) Direction: Dirk Berndt

86 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 August 24-26, 2006, Bernburg Intensified utilization of renewable raw materials for conversion into energy was Saxony-Anhalt’s Renewable Raw discussed with a variety of actors. A broad range of information, systems and contacts Materials Rendezvous: Heating with were on hand. Wood & Co. – Modern, Cost Effective, Ecological (Workshop) Host: Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau (LLFG) Contributors: Dr. Ina Ehrhardt

September 5-7, 2006, Zvolen An international conference was held to mark the tenth anniversary of the establish- (Slovak Republic) ment of the School of Environmental and Production Technology (Fakulta environ- Trends of Woodworking, Forest and mentálnej a vyrobnej techniky – FEVT). Results of current research and practical Environmental Technology Development examples from the field of environmental and production technologies and their and Their Applications in Manufacturing applications were presented. Processes (Conference) Host: Technical University of Zvolen Contributor: Roman Bystricky Federal Minister Wolfgang Tiefensee visited the joint stand of the exhibitors from September 12-13, 2006, Zvolen Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburger Hafen GmbH, Kranbau Köthen GmbH and the Fraun- (Slovak Republic) hofer IFF when they presented at Asia's most important transport and logistics trade Prospects for Development in Timber fair. The Fraunhofer IFF demonstrated its expertise as a developer of intelligent logis- Harvesting and Timber Transport tics solutions and presented itself as a practically oriented research partner to an Processes for the Utilization of Biomass in international public from more than eighty countries. Forestry (Seminar) Contributors: Roman Bystricky Jörg von Garrel

September 14-15, 2006, Chemnitz VPP 2006: Networked Planning and Manufacturing Presentation: – Enhancing the Competitiveness of National Networks in International Markets Contributor: Jörg von Garrel

September 19-22, 2006, Shanghai (China) transport logistic (International Exhibition for Logistics Telematics and Transportation) Contributors: Karl-Heinz Ehrhardt, Managing Director of Hafen Magdeburg GmbH, Wolfgang Tiefensee, Daniel Reh Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs, Daniel Reh, Research Manager at Kay Matzner the Fraunhofer IFF, and Klaus Müller, Managing Director of Kranbau Köthen (l. to .r.).

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 87 At the event "OPEN DAYS - European September 20, 2006, Magdeburg Week of Regions and Cities" at the Europäische Innovationsförderung – Fraunhofer IFF, the institute presented its neue Chancen für SME (Workshop) European research networks, focusing on Direction: international careers in research and the Katrin Reschwamm opportunities for young researchers in Andreas Wolf Europe. The event brought together students, graduates, doctoral students, September 25-26, 2006, Göteborg fellows and young researchers, offered (Sweden) presentation on European research EIRAC Workshop projects and allowed researchers to say Contributor: some words. Project managers from the Dr. Eberhard Blümel Fraunhofer IFF and international project partners presented the research organiza- October 12, 2006, Brussels (Belgium) tion's currently ongoing projects such as and Magdeburg VIRTHUALIS, HILAS, ResearchTraining@- OPEN DAYS – European Week of Regions VDTC, CADPIPE and smE-MPOWER. Not and Cities only researchers from the Fraunhofer IFF Presentation: but also Marie Curie fellows from other – The Role and Working Methods of Dr. Rainer Haseloff, Saxony-Anhalt Minister of organizations recountted their biogra- Regional Networks in the European Economics and Labor. phies as international researchers. At a Union central ceremonial event in Brussels, the Contributors: Fraunhofer IFF reported on regional Prof. Michael Schenk network activities. Dr. Eberhard Blümel Ralf Opierzynski Katrin Reschwamm Tina Haase Tobias Reggelin Dr. Rüdiger Mecke Bartlomiej Arendarski Antje Plock

Young international researchers at the Fraunhofer IFF find out about career opportunities in Germany.

88 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 October 17-19, 2006, Munich The Fraunhofer Institute IFF Magdeburg and IML Dortmund, the VDI Society for Maintain 2006 (International Trade Fair Production Engineering (ADB) and the Forum Vision Instandhaltung FVI signed a for Industrial Maintenance) cooperation agreement at the maintenance trade fair Maintain 2006 in Munich. Direction: It aims to concentrate the partners' strengths and experiences in the field of RFID Dr. Gerhard Müller (radio frequency identification) related to maintenance and make them usable for Contributors: industry, especially medium-sized enterprises. Dr. Martin Endig Catrin Plate Veronika Kauert Frank Ryll Exhibits: – Statelogger: Determination of Rates of Wear of Technical Assets to Formulate Condition-based Maintenance Strategies At the signing of the agreement, Dr. Gerhard – Competence Finder: Establishing Müller from the Fraunhofer IFF presented the Service Partnerships first generation digital nameplate in use at – Idasys: Maintenace Data Analysis Airbus throughout the world since 1999. System – RFID Applications in Maintenance

October 18-20, 2006, Berlin The Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF presented an German Logistics Congress absolute innovation at the 23rd German Logistics Congress in Berlin: An RFID Direction: system with a fully functioning radio chip in completely metallic environments. Prof. Michael Schenk The RFID box operates reliably, even with objects for which the use of RFID was Contributors: previously considered an impossibility (e.g. beverage cans in metal containers). Katja Barfus Eyk Flechtner Tobias Reggelin Daniel Reh Holger Seidel Herbert Siegert Manuela Wahl

Congress attendees find out at the Fraunhofer IFF stand about the new RFID system that reliably reads transponders even in metallic environments.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 89 October 19, 2006, Königswinter Digital Pharma Conference 2006 “Boosting Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing” Presentation: – Interconnected Goods Logistics in Dr. Klaus Richter presented RFID solutions for Companies and Demand-based the pharmaceutical industry to an interested Maintenance: Wirelessly Monitoring audience. the Transit of Goods and Production Facilities with Radio Chip Technology Experts at the 2006 Digital Pharma Conference "Boosting Efficiency in Pharmaceutical (RFID) and Sensor Networks Manufacturing" demonstrated first hand how state-of-the-art information technology Exhibit: can optimize manufacturing processes, showing how IT supported optimization of – UHF Metal Box manufacturing operation can be implemented - from order preparation through Contributors: finished products. Dr. Klaus Richter Tobias Kutzler

October 25-26, 2006, Munich Systems 2006, KnowTech 2006 “More Competitive with Knowledge Management” (Trade Fair) Presentation: – Process-oriented Knowledge Management in SME: A Report on Top experts and speakers from the pharmaceutical industry provided a look at current projects Experiences in the ProWis Project and references. Contributor: Stefan Voigt

October 25-27, 2006, Barcelona (Spain) SME support integration into FP7 (Workshop) Exhibit: – Collaborating into the Future: Empowering SMEs to Innovate – Long- term, Self-defined, and Collaboratively At a workshop in Barcelona on integrating Direction: SME in the EU’s 7th Framework Research Katrin Reschwamm Program researchers from the Fraunhofer IFF Andreas Wolf provided information about funding opportunities for SME.

90 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 October 25 - December 6, 2006, Magdeburg 3rd Guest Lecture Series Virtual Reality “Human and Machine in Interactive Dialog” Direction: Prof. Michael Schenk Prof. Ulrich Gabbert Prof. Roland Kasper Guest Lecture Series patron Minister of Prof. Karl-Heinrich Grote Economics and Labor Reiner Haseloff. Prof. Bernhard Preim Prof. Klaus Jenewein Saxony-Anhalt Minister of Economics and Labor Reiner Haseloff assumed the patron- Patron: age of the Fraunhofer Guest Lecture Series "Virtual Reality: Human and Machine in Dr. Reiner Haseloff, Saxony-Anhalt Interactive Dialog" for the first time in 2006. The annual series of lectures at which Minister of Economics and Labor top speakers from business and research report on the use of VR and AR technologies in their companies and organizations was held for the third time. Dr. Christoph November 2-3, 2006, Freiberg Gümbel, Head of the Virtual Vehicle Division, spoke for example on "How Virtual Converting Material into Gases in Energy Reality Brings Digital Prototypes to Life". Dr. Dieter Langer, Project Manager in the Process Engineering (Innovation Forum) Military Air Systems Division at EADS Deutschland GmbH, described how augmented Exhibit: reality is used when servicing aircraft. – Solid Electrolyte Probes All the Guest Lecture Series presentations are collected in a volume of proceedings. Direction: The publication (ISBN-10 3-8167-7256-0) is available from the Fraunhofer IFF. Dr. Eyck Schotte Dr. Sascha Thomas Bert Lemin

November 2-4, 2006, Stralsund 2nd International Baltic-Bioenergy Conference IBBC 2006 Contributor: Mike Wäsche

November 8-9, 2006, Magdeburg Innovation in Lignite Mining (Colloquium) Presentation: – The Material Internet as a Technically Oriented Thought Model for Maintenance Logistics in Lignite Mining Contributor: Dr. Klaus Richter

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 91 November 9, 2006, Chemnitz 6th Industry Working Group “Cooperation in Plant Engineering” Topic: – Technology Innovationen in Plant Engineering Supporting Program: – Cooperation Exchange Direction: Andrea Urbansky

November 13-14, 2006, Marinha Grande (Portugal) Rapid Product Development 2006 Presentation: – Intelligent Prototypes: Innovative Technology for Actively Influencing Component Features in Product Development Contributors: Dr. Uwe Klaeger Susan Gronwald Jurai Sulc

November 14, 2006, Berlin Process-oriented and Integrated Knowledge Management in SME (ProWis Conference) Host: Federal Ministry of Economics and The biannual RPD conference in Leiria, Portugal is an international meeting point Technology for specialists in rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing. Researchers, developers Contributor: and well-known vendors and service providers present global advances in and new Stefan Voigt approaches to rapid product development and discuss them with potential users and interested parties. Researchers from the Fraunhofer IFF presented an intelligent November 14-15, 2006, Magdeburg prototype developed by Susan Gronwald and her team. RFID technology is already DGON Information Day GNSS 2006 – integrated in this grinder. Global Satellite Navigation Systems, Basics and Applications. Presentation: – GNSS Applications in Sameday and Emergency Logistics Exhibit: – LogMotionLab Contributor: Dr. Klaus Richter

92 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 November 14-15, 2006, Aachen 6th Aachen Colloquium on Maintenance, Diagnostics and Plant Monitoring AKIDA Exhibits: – Statelogger: Determination of Rates of Wear of Technical Assets to Formulate Condition-based Maintenance Strategies – Competence Finder: Establishing Service Partnerships – RFID Applications in Maintenance Presentations: – Smart Maintenance Objects: Experiences Piloting RFID in Maintenance Logistics for Complex Equipment – Statelogger:Method and Tool for Planning Condition-based Maintenance Contributors: Seventy-two first rate presentations at Eurogress Aachen informed experts from Cathrin Plate industry and research about the latest developments and new trends in the production Frank Ryll of raw materials, rolling mill engineering, vehicle diagnostics, maintenance, plant Tobias Kutzler monitoring, wind energy converters, RFID and life cycle costing. The Fraunhofer IFF was represented at this year's AKIDA with two papers and presented its services and November 15-16, 2006, Zwickau products at a stand in the exhibition accompanying the colloquium. 1st Innovative and Interdisziplinary Production Engineering Symposium Panel Discussion: – Opportunities and Possibilities to Export Industrial Services for SME Direction: Holger Seidel Contributor: Jörg von Garrel

November 15-18, 2006, Düsseldorf MEDICA 2006 World Forum for Medicine Exhibit: – Virtual Interactive 3-D Module for Neuromedical Technology Know-how Transfer Joint stand with FIT-Bildungs-GmbH Medical technical training module in the virtual lab: Left, applying a primary antibody to a tissue Contributor: section and, right, analyzing the detected structures under a microscope. Wolfram Schoor Once they have completed their basic training, medical technical lab assistants (MTLA) must first familiarize themselves with their sphere of activity. Ultimately, every specialized field of medicine has its own individual methods. Together with FIT-Bildungs- GmbH, the Fraunhofer IFF presented a new training model at MEDICA 2006. Virtual models from the Virtual Development and Training Centre VDTC familiarize MTLA with their specific field.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 93 November 21-23, 2006, Helsinki (Finland) IST 2006: Strategies for Leadership Workshops: – IST and Manufacturing Networking session – Think Small First! Supporting the Innovation Potential of SMEs through ICT & Better Integration in FP7 Contributor: Katrin Reschwamm

November 21-23, 2006, Lahti (Finland) EU FTP Conference Forest-Based Sector Technology Platform: Tailor Made Wood Supply (Workshop) Contributors: Dr. Ina Ehrhardt Ralf Opierzynski

November 22, 2006, Magdeburg Ceremonial opening of the Virtual Development and Training Centre

More than four hundred high ranking guest from politics, research, academia and business celebrated the opening of the Virtual Development and Training Centre. Saxony-Anhalt's Minister President Wolfgang Böhmer and Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Senior Vice President Research Planning Ulrich Buller handed over a symbolic key to Director Michael Schenk. FC Deutschland GmbH CEO Mike de Vries presented Schenk the award as "Landmark in the Land of Ideas" for the institute. In addition, Mayor Lutz Trümper bestowed the Regional Award on the director for his achievements making Magdeburg a center of research.

94 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 November 27, 2006, Stuttgart DL 06 – Services Going International – Focus Group Meeting Exhibit: – Project “One-stop services for Worldwide Industrial Manufacturing” Contributor: Jörg von Garrel

November 29-30, 2006, Göttingen System Verkehr, Steuern, Regeln, Entwickeln (Conference) Host: German Institute of Navigation DGON Presentation: – Telematic Technologies and Services for Integrated Logistics in Forests and Meadows: Off-road Navigation, LBS, RFID Contributor: The laser-based large projection system was presented to the public for the first time. Dr. Ina Ehrhardt Six Jenoptik laser projectors projected virtual models of complex machinery and plants on a 360 degree projection surface. Three-dimensional renderings have remarkable November 30, 2006, Fellbach color brilliance, contrast and brightness. Specialists from Jenoptik and the Magdeburg 3rd Intuition Workshop Fraunhofer Institute jointly designed the laser-based large projection system. The Contributors: experts intend to collaborate on upgrading it and developing new fields of application. Dr. Eberhard Blümel At its VDTC, the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF under- Marco Schumann takes applied research in the field of virtual engineering to plan, test and operate Heike Kissner technical systems. Contractual partners and clients include large international concerns, regional small and medium-sized enterprises and the state. It sustains close December 3-6, 2006, Monterey (USA) collaboration with nonacademic research organizations in Magdeburg, particularly Winter Simulation Conference Otto von Guericke University, the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Exhibits: Technical Systems, the Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology and the Leibniz Institute of – VDTC Products and Services Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Gatersleben. Interdisciplinarily collaborating – Presentations and chairing of the specialists develop customized solutions based on virtual and augmented reality such session “Simulation Interoperability” as virtual-interactive training for technical staff. Contributor: Dr. Steffen Strassburger Steffen Masik

December 6, 2006 SME Day “Virtual Engineering” Contributor: Dr. Ulrich Schmucker Arnim Wagner

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 95 96 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Appendix: Names, Data, Publications

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 97 Committee Work in 2006 (Selection)

ALFA Growth Core EU Commission’s 6th Framework Susan Gronwald – Growth Core Advisory Program Board Dr. Eberhard Blümel – Expert

Simulation Working Group European Intermodal Research Avisory Marco Schumann – Member of the Council (EIRAC) Distributed Modeling and Simulation Dr. Eberhard Blümel – Member Expert Group Dr. Steffen Strassburger – Member of the Fachverband für Sensorik AMA Distributed Modeling and Simulation Dr. Ulrich Schmucker – Member Expert Group Society for the Promotion of Renewable Competence Management Working Energies (FEE) Group Dr. Matthias Gohla – Member of the Stefan Voigt – Co-cordinator with Biogas Fuel Cells Working Group Wilhelm Termath Dr. Helmar Tepper – Member of the Biomass Gasification Working Group Asian Society for Environmental Protection (ASEP) Association for the Promotion of Ralf Opierzynski – Member Materials Cycle Management Dr. Lutz Hoyer – Member of the Board ATV-DVWK Research Group ES-8.12 Repair of Sewer Lines and Systems with Forum Vision Maintenance Robotic Systems Cathrin Plate – Member, Fraunhofer IFF Dr. Norbert Elkmann – Member Representative in the Consortium

German Logistics Association (BVL) Fraunhofer Vision Alliance Prof. Michael Schenk – Member of the Dirk Berndt – Fraunhofer IFF Spokesman Executive Board and the Präsidiums Holger Seidel – Saxony-Anhalt Regional Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (FhG) Scientific- Chapter Spokesman Technical Board (WTR) Prof. Michael Schenk – Member of the CEN TC 319 Maintenance Main Commission Cathrin Plate – Member Dr. Gerhard Müller – Fraunhofer IFF Representative German-Russian Forum Prof. Michael Schenk – Member Fraunhofer Group for Energy EST Dr. Lutz Hoyer – Coordinator of DGfZP, Magdeburg Working Group Fraunhofer IFF Activities Dirk Berndt – Member Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (FhG) European Technology Platform ETPIS, Fraunhofer Group for Production Industrial Safety Prof. Michael Schenk – Member Dr. Eberhard Blümel – Member

98 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Fraunhofer Traffic and Transportation Kompetenznetzwerk Mitteldeutsche Simulation Interoperability Standards Alliance FVV Entsorgungswirtschaft Organization Daniel Reh – Member Dr. Eyck Schotte – Member of the Dr. Steffen Strassburger – Vice Chair of Renewable Energies Working Group the COTS Simulation Package Interoper- German Construction Technology Dr. Lutz Hoyer – Member of the ability Product Development Group Platform, Cultural Heritage Working Substitute Fuels Working Group Group Society for Modeling and Simulation Dr. Rüdiger Mecke, Andreas Hoepfner – MLFU Coordination Office for Renewable International Contributors Raw Materials KoNaRo (LSA ), Dr. Steffen Strassburger – Member Biogenic Fuels Working Group Society for Computer Science (GI) Dr. Lutz Hoyer – Member Virtual Engineering Strategy Group Ralf Opierzynski – Member of the Dr. Eberhard Blümel – Member Industrial Environmental Information LICON Logistics e.V. Systems FG Dr. Klaus Richter – Member of the board The International Emergency Management Society Society for Operations Research Leonardo Power Quality Initiative Dr. Martin Endig – Member Holger Seidel – Member Vocational Education System LPQIVES Certification Board Fraunhofer Energy Alliance Society for Project Management Przemyslaw Komarnicki – Member Dr. Lutz Hoyer – Coordinator of IFF Katrin Reschwamm – Member of the Activities (on behalf of Management) Magdeburg Regional Chapter Pipeline and Plant Engineering Network Andrea Urbansky – Member of the TKB Technologiekontor Bremerhaven F&E Comprehensive Center for Transportation Coordinating Board Gesellschaft für die Nutzung regenerati- Braunschweig (GZVB) ver Energien m.b.H. Eyk Flechtner – Member Open GIS Consortium (OGC) Prof. Michael Schenk – Member of the Frank Mewes Board of Directors Society for Knowledge Management e.V. Mark Staiger – Member Practical Forum for Competence Transfer Center for Automation in Management Mechanical Engineering (TAM) IGZ Innovations- und Gründerzentrum Mark Staiger – Coordinator Dr. Ulrich Schmucker – Member of the Magdeburg GmbH Board Prof. Michael Schenk – Member of the Federal Association for Industrial Advisory Board Engineering, Business Organization and Association of German Foundry Experts Corporate Development REFA, (VDG) International Green Productivity Saxony-Anhalt State Chapter Prof. Michael Schenk – Member of the Association (IGPA) Holger Seidel – Member of the Research Advisory Board Ralf Opierzynski – Member Extended Board Sonja Hintze – Member of the Committee of Foundry Experts Jenoptik AG, Scientific Advisory Board German Business Rationalization and Prof. Michael Schenk – Member Innovation Center RKW´in Saxony-Anhalt Association of German Engineers (VDI) Dr. Gerhard Müller – Member of the VDI Society of Metrology and Karl Heinz Beckurts Foundation Board Automation (GMA) Prof. Michael Schenk – Member Dirk Berndt – Member of the Technical Saxony-Anhalt Satellite Navigation Committee 3.32: Optical 3-D Metrology (SANASA) Dr. Klaus Richter – Member of the Board

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 99 Association of German Engineers (VDI) Windenergie-Agentur Bremerhaven/ VDI Society for Industrial Engineering Bremen e.V. (WAB) (ADB) Dr. Klaus Richter, Frank Ryll – Technical Dr. Gerhard Müller – Member of the Collaboration Board and Head of the Plant Manage- ment Competence Field Center for Neuroscientific Innovation and VDI-ADB Factory Planning Expert Technology ZENIT GmbH Committee, Prof. Michael Schenk – Member of the Claudia Falke – Member of the Digital Scientific Advisory Board Factory Working Group Daniel Reh Saxony-Anhalt Center for Renewable Rico Schady – Member of the Extended Energies (ZERE) Economic Feasibility Studies Committee Dr. Gerhard Müller – Member of the Thomas Dengler – Member of theVDI Board Factory Planning Guidelines Working Dr. Lutz Hoyer – Fraunhofer IFF Contact Group Person VDI-ADB Maintenance Expert Committee Cathrin Plate – Member of the Guidelines Association for the Promotion of Formulation Working Group Mechanical and Plant Engineering in Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt (FASA) Association of German Engineers (VDI) Prof. Michael Schenk – Chairman of the VDI Environmental Engineering Coordina- Board tion Office (VDI-KUT), Industrial Environ- Andrea Urbansky – Managing Director mental Management Performance Indi- cators Working Group Ralf Opierzynski – Member

Association of German Engineers (VDI) VDI Saxony-Anhalt State Chapter Prof.Michael Schenk – State Represent- ative VDI Magdeburger District Association Dr. Klaus Richter – Ombudsman for the Development, Engineering and Sales Working Group Dr. Mirko Peglow – Ombudsman for the Students and Young Engineers’ Working Group

Association for the Promotion of Power and Environmental Engineering (VEU) Dr. Lutz Hoyer – Member

Magdeburg CCI Transportation Committee Holger Seidel – Member

100 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 International Research and Cooperation Partners in 2006 (Selection)

Aeronautical Institute Kharkov, Kharkov, CEPE – Centre for Energy Policy and Ukraine Economics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ALMA, Lyon, France Chalmers University of Technology, ARIES, Bucharest, Romania Göteburg, Sweden

Asia Pacific Roundtable for Cleaner Chengdu Lead Science & Technology Production (APRCP), Manila, Philippines Co., Ltd. (SCLEAD), Chengdu, China

Asian Society for Environmental China Harvest Development Ltd., China Protection (ASEP), Bangkok, Thailand Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Atos Origin, Madrid, Spain Thailand

Baltic Container Terminal Ltd., Riga, CTO – Ship Design and Research Centre, Latvia Gdansk, Poland

Beacontech Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel Czech Technical University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Beijing Hope Software Co., Beijing, China DaimlerChrysler Research Center, Ulm Biomag, Ing. Cerny, Unícov, Czech Republic DaimlerChrysler, Gaggenau

Brno University of Technology, Brno, Deere & Co. World Headquarters, Czech Republic Moline, Illinois, USA

Budapest University of Technology and Delft University of Technology, Delft, Economics, Budapest, Hungary Netherlands

Federal Institute for Materials Research Digipro Computer Consultants Ltd., and Testing, Berlin Pafos, Cyprus

Centrale Recherche SA, Paris, France e.sigma Systems GmbH, Munich

Centre for Renewable Energy CRES, EADS Deutschland GmbH, Ulm Pikermi Attiki, Greece Ecole Centrale Paris, Paris, France Centre for Research and Technology Hellas CERTH, Ptolemais, Greece Ecole Polytechnique Universitaire de Marseille, Marseille, France Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece Enigma Information Retrieval, Inc., Burlington, Massachusetts, USA CENTRIM University of Brighton, Brighton, Great Britain Escola Superior Agraria de Beja, Beja, Portugal Centrul De Afaceri Transilvania (CAT), Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 101 European Process Safety Centre, InterBalt Maritime Agency, Tallin, Estonia Liophant Simulation Club, University of Warwickshire, Great Britain Genoa, Genoa, Italy Intro Solutions Ltd., Ankara, Turkey EURESEARCH, Bern, Switzerland Lithuanian Innovation Centre (LIC), Iowa State University, Virtual Reality Vilnius, Lithuania Federation of Thai Industries (FTI), Applications Center, Ames, Iowa, USA Bangkok, Thailand Liverpool John Moores University Higher Italian Ship Research Center (CETENA Education Corporation, Liverpool, Great Forestry and Game Management SpA), Genua, Italy Britain Research Institute, Jíloviste-Strnady, Czech Republic ITI Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Logitrans Consult Ltd., Tallin, Estonia Thessaloniki, Greece Hanoi University of Technology, Hanoi, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Vietnam Jenoptik AG/Jenoptik Laser Display Technology LDT GmbH, Jena Maritime & Supply Chain Solutions Hellenic Institute of Transport, (Europe) Ltd., Ballycarry, Great Britain Thessaloniki, Greece Joint Research Company, Ispra, Italy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Higher Council for Science and Sonex Computers Joint Stock Company Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Technology, Amman, Jordan (SONEX Group), Klaipeda, Lithuania Melon Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria IDC Information Technologies, Riga, Jordan University of Science and Latvia Technology, Amman, Jordan Nemetschek, Sofia, Bulgaria

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karl Franzens University, Graz, Austria Netherlands Organization for Applied India Scientific Research, Delft, Netherlands Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Indo German Chamber of Commerce, Latvia Niki Information Technologies, Katsika, Bangalore, India Greece Klaipeda State Seaport Authority, Indonesian Society of Environmental Klaipeda, Lithuania Oskar Von Miller – Conception, Research Professionals (ISEP), Jakarta, Indonesia and Design Institute for Thermal Power Laboratory of Design, Production and Equipment (OVM – ICCPET), Bucharest, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Management, University of Twente, Romania Taipei, Taiwan Twente, Netherlands Philippine Pollution Prevention Inesc Porto, Porto, Portugal State Forestry Enterprise of the Slovak Roundtable (P3R), Manila, Philippines Republic, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Institut für Diagnostik und Konservierung Republic PIAP – Industrial Research Institute for an Denkmalen in Sachsen und Sachsen- Automation and Measurement, Warsaw, Anhalt e.V., Halle State Forestry Enterprise of the Czech Poland Republic, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Institute of Cybernetics, Tallin, Estonia Plato, Dundalk, Ireland Latvian Intelligent Systems, Riga, Latvia Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy Computadores do Porto (INESC), Porto, Chair ofl Technical Computer Science, Portugal Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg Port of Kokkola, Kokkola, Finland

Instituto de Technología Cerámica-AICE Lesy Ceské republiky, statní podnik, Pymera, Valencia, Spain (ITC), Castellón, Spain Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

102 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Regionalne Poradenske A Infomacne Thai-German Institute (TGI), Chonburi, Université de Valenciennes, France Centrum Presov (RPIC), Presov, Slovak Thailand Republic University College of Borås, Borås, Thailand Environment Institute, Bangkok, Sweden Réseau CCSO, Fribourg, Switzerland Thailand University of Athens, Athens, Greece Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia The Open University, Milton Keynes, Great Britain University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Semantic Systems, Derio, Spain Great Britain Thessaloniki Port Authority, Thessaloniki, SenterNovem, Den Haag, Netherlands Greece University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scottland SFERA – Societa per la Formazione e le Thule Institute, Oulu, Finland Risorse Aziendali per Azioni, Italy University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland TP Technoplus Industrial and Trading Ltd, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, Budapest, Hungary Virtual Reality Laboratory, University of Great Britain Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Trans-European Consultants for Southwest Jiaotong University – Transport, Development and IT (TREDIT), University of Southern Queensland, Opto-Electronic Engineering Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece Toowoomba, Australia Chengdu, China TRIMOS-SYLVA S.A. (PTY) Ltd., University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland SP Swedish Nat. Testing and Research Waterkloof, South Africa Institute, Boras, Sweden University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Norway Staatliches Forschungsinstitut für Flug- systeme (GosNIIAS), Moscow, Russia Tsinghua University, Peking, China University of Ulster, Ulster, Northern Ireland Stanford University, Stanford, California,, Universidad Politicnica de Valencia, USA Valencia, Spain University of Zilina, Zilina, Slovak Republic

Swedish University of Agricultural Science Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di VDH USA Inc., Millersville, Maryland, USA SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Milano, Milan, Italy Vietnam Productivity Centre (VPC), T-Systems, Frankfurt am Main Universita degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Hanoi, Vietnam Italy Technical University Crete, Crete, Greece Vocational Education Development University of Naples, Naples, Italy Center (VEDC), Malang, Indonesia Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal University of Modena, Modena, Italy VR Centre - University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, Great Britain Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Universiy of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Bulgaria VTT Technical Research Centre of Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Finland, Espoo, Finland Technische Universität, Forstwissenschaft- Belgium liche Fakultät Zvolen, Slovak Republic Warsaw University of Technology, Université de Haute Alsace, Muhlhouse, Warsaw, Poland TESEO Sprl, Brussels, Belgium France

Testaluna S.r.l., Milan, Italy

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 103 Publications in 2006 Monographs and Editorships (Selection)

Schenk, M. (Ed.): Schenk, M. (Ed.): 1./2. IFF-Kolloquium: Forschung vernet- IFFOCUS: Logistics Connects. zen – Innovationen beschleunigen. Magdeburg: Fraunhofer-IFF, 1.2006, Magdeburg: Fraunhofer IFF, 2006 ISBN 3-8167-7117-3 and ISBN 978-3-8167-73351 ISBN 978-3-8167-7117-3

Schenk, M. (Ed.): Schenk, M. (Ed.): 9. Gastvortragsreihe: Logistik als IFFOCUS: Interaktive Human-Machine. Arbeitsfeld der Zukunft – Potenziale, Magdeburg: Fraunhofer-IFF, 2.2006, Umsetzungsstrategien und Visionen. ISBN 978-3-8167-7299-6 Magdeburg: Fraunhofer IFF, 2006, ISBN 3-8167-7075-4 Schenk, M. (Ed.): Wandel in Produktion und Logistik. Schenk, M. (Ed.): Magdeburg: Fraunhofer IFF, 2006, 9. IFF-Wissenschaftstage 2006 – Virtual ISBN 3-8167-7002-9 Reality und Augmented Reality zum Planen, Testen und Betreiben technischer Schenk, M. ; Inderfurth, K. ; Neumann, Systeme. G. ; Wäscher, G. ; Ziems, D. (Eds.): Magdeburg: Fraunhofer IFF, 2006, 12. Magdeburger Logistik Tagung – ISBN 10: 3-8167-7124-6 and Sicherung von Prozessketten. ISBN 13: 978-3-8167-7124-1 Magdeburg: LOGiSCH GmbH, 2006, ISBN 10: 3-930385-65-7 and Schenk, M. (Ed.): ISBN 13: 978-3-930385-62-1 Anlagenbau der Zukunft – Wettbewerbs- vorteile im Anlagenbau realisieren. Schenk, M. ; Ziems, D. (Eds.): Magdeburg: Fraunhofer IFF, 2006, 50 Jahre Fördertechnikausbildung in ISBN 3-8167-7026-6 Magdeburg. Magdeburg: LOGiSCH GmbH, 2006, Schenk, M. (Ed.): ISBN 10-3-930385-61-9 and Branchenleistungsverzeichnis und ISBN 13:978-3-930385-61-4 Kundenmanagement im Anlagenbau, 3. und 4. Industriearbeitskreis Kooperation im Anlagenbau. Stuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Verlag Stuttgart, 2006, ISBN 3-8167-7090-8

Schenk, M. (Ed.): Gastvortragsreihe Virtual Reality 2006 – Mensch und Maschine im interaktiven Dialog. Magdeburg: Fraunhofer-IFF, 2006, ISBN 10: 3-8167-7256-0 and ISBN 13: 978-3-8167-7256-9

104 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Book Chapters, Papers and Articles (Selection)

Berndt, D.: Ehrhardt, I. ; Seidel, H. ; Wäsche, M.: Endig, M ; Ryll, F: Geometrieprüfung im Fertigungsprozess. Integrierte Holzlogistik mit Location- Optimierungspotenziale für den In: Bauer, N. (Ed.): Based Services, Offroad-Navigation und Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. Praxis Profiline – Berührungslose RFID. In: ZWF, Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Messtechnik. In: Patrik Horster (Ed.): Fabrikbetrieb 101. Würzburg: Vogel Industrie Medien, 2006, DACH Mobility 2006. (2006), 3, p. 146-149, ISSN 0932-0482 p. 31-35 (Ottobrunn, October 17-18, 2006) – Proceedings, ISBN 3-0001-9635-8 Finke, I. ; Orth, R. ; Voigt, S. ; Berndt, D. ; Siegert, H.: Staiger, M.: Qualitätssicherung für Autoräder. Endig, M.: Prozessorientiertes Wissensmanagement In: Klock, E. (Ed.): Aus für Papierstapel. in kleinen und mittelständischen Unter- OEM & Lieferant – Messeausgabe Auto- In: tema, Techniker-Magazin für Beruf nehmen – Erfahrungsberichte aus dem mechanika 2006. und Studium. ProWis Projekt. Stadecken-Elsheim: VEK-Verlag Elisabeth (2006), 3, p. 20, ISSN 0722-2874 In: Gronau, N. ; Pawlowsky, P. ; Klock, 2006, p. 42-43 Schütt, P. ; Weber, M. (Ed.): Endig, M.: KnowTech2006 – Mit Wissensmana- Blümel, E.: Plant Maintenance and Operation gement besser im Wettbewerb. New Challenges for Collaborative Work Services – Ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur (Munich, October 25-26, 2006) – in e-LOGISTICs. Unterstützung des Aftermarkets für den Proceedings, p. 321-329, In: China-Europe Forum on e-Logistics Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. ISBN 3-7723-0074-X (CEFE). In: Informationsseminar »Wertschöpfung (Shenzhen/P.R. China, March 30-31, im Produktlebenszyklus«. Götze, J. ; Ryll, F. ; Kutzler, T.: 2006) – Proceedings, p. 19-22 (Zurich, Switzerland, January 25, 2006) – Bestimmung der Kompetenztiefe in der Proceedings Instandhaltung für die Gestaltung von Ehrhardt, I.: Dienstleistungspartnerschaften. Offroad-Navigation in der Forstwirtschaft. Endig, M.: Clusterung von komplexen technischen In: AFZ – Der Wald 2006. Virtual Reality verschafft besseren Durch- Objekten zur Bestimmung. (2006), 24, p. 1350 blick. In: VDI Verlag GmbH (Ed.): In: CADplus Business + Engineering. 27. VDI/VDEh Forum Instandhaltung. Ehrhardt, I.: (2006), 2, p. 8-9, ISSN 1436-3348 (Lahnstein, May 16-17, 2006) – Telematiktechnologien und -dienste für Proceedings, ISBN 3-18-091927-2 integrierte Logistik in Wald und Flur – Endig, M.: Offroad-Navigation, LBS und RFID. Virtuelle Realität bringt besseren Durch- Klaeger, U. ; Gronwald, S. ; Sulc, J.: In: Symposium System Verkehr Steuern, blick in der technischen Dokumentation. Intelligent Prototypes: Innovative Tech- Regeln, Entwickeln. In: Digital Engineering Magazin, Zeit- nology for Activly Influencing Compo- (Göttingen, November 29-30, 2006) – schrift für Produktentwicklung, CAx- nent Features in Product Development. Proceedings Technologien, Datenmanagement und In: CENTIMFE (Ed.): Rapid Product Integration. Development Event – Building the Future Ehrhardt, I. ; Richter, K.: (2006), ISSN 1618-002X by Innovation Rapid Product Develop- Holzlogistik mit Satellitennavigation. ment In: Innovationsforum “Potenzen und Endig, M. ; Pejcoch, J.: (Marinha Grande, Portugal, November Chancen der Anwendung der Euro- A Step Forward in the Modern European 13-14, 2006) – Proceedings, päischen Satellitennavigation GALILEO Crisis Management Support. ISBN 972-98872-3-3 in Mitteldeutschland”. In: 13th TIEMS Annual Conference 2006. (Bernburg, October 27, 2006) – (Seoul, Korea, May 3-6, 2006) – Proceedings Proceedings

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 105 Müller, G. ; Freund, C.: Plate, C. ; Röben, H.: Richer, K. ; Plate, C. ; Röben, H.: Anlagenmanagement. Smart Maintenance Objects – Einsatz von Instandhaltung und RFID – Grundlagen In: Landau, K. (Ed.): RF-Technologien in der Instandhaltungs- und Stand der RF-Technik, Piloterfahrun- Lexikon Arbeitsgestaltung. logistik komplexer Anlagen. gen in der Instandhaltung. Stuttgart: Gentner Verlag Stuttgart, In: Institut für Berkwerks- und Hütten- In: VDI-Gesellschaft Produktionstechnik 2006, ISBN 3-87247-655-6 maschinenkunde der RWTH Aachen (Ed.): (Ed.): VDI-Gesellschaft Produktions- Aachener Kolloquium für Instand- technik 27. VDI/VDE-Forum Instaltung Müller, G. ; Richter, K. ; Plate, C.: haltung, Diagnose und Anlagenüber- 2006 RFID-Systeme – Grundlagen und Anwen- wachung. (Lahnstein, May 17-18, 2006) – dung. (Aachen, November 14-15, 2006) – Proceedings, p. 65-74, In: Geibig, K.-F. ; Horn, G. (Eds.): Proceedings, p. 489-503 ISBN 3-180919-27-2 Der Instandhaltungs-Berater. ISBN 3-9810-3443-0 Cologne: TÜV Media GmbH, 2006, Richer, K. ; Ryll, F. ; Gebert, B.: ISBN 10: 3-8249-1034-9 und Plate, C. ; Röben, H. ; Hanisch, A.: Bestimmung von Abnutzungsvorräten in ISBN 13: 978-3-8249-1034-2 Intelligente Instandhaltungsobjekte – technischen Anlagen zur Entscheidungs- Einsatz von RF-Technologien. unterstützung bei der Gestaltung einer Pejzl, J. ; Bystricky, B.: In: Horster, P. (Ed.): DACH Mobility 2006. zustandsabhängigen Instandhaltungs- Analyse der energetischen Grundlagen (Ottobrunn, October 17-18, 2006) – strategie. unter dem Fokus der Holzbiomasse in der Proceedings, p. 201-213, In: AKIDA (Ed.): 6. AKIDA – Aachener Tschechischen Republik und in Deutsch- ISBN 3-0001-9635-8 Kolloquium für Instandhaltung, Diagnose land. und Anlagenüberwachung In: Mendel Universität für Land- und Richter, K. ; Plate, C.: (Aachen, November 14-15, 2006) – Forstwirtschaft Brno, Forst- und Vom denkenden Werkzeug zum Motor Proceedings, ISBN 3-9810344-3-0 Holzwirtschaftliche Fakultät, Institut der mit Gedächtnis – “Smart Objects” Holzgrundnutzung (Ed.): Biomasse – steigern die Produktivität in der Instand- Schenk, M.: aktuelle und zukünftige energetische haltung. Die deutsche Logistik-Forschung ist Grundlagen. In: RFID im Blick. international Spitze. (Brno, Czech Republic, November 2, (2006), 4, p. 38-39, ISSN 1860-5907 In: DHL Express News 2006. 2006) – Proceedings, p. 65-72, (2006) ISBN 8-0071-5798-90 Richter, K. ; Plate, C. ; Gründler, U.: Prozessgestaltung auf industriellen Bau- Schenk, M.: Plate, C.: stellen. Technologieplattform MIDAS – Mittel- Einsatzfelder der RFID-Technologie zur In: REFA-Nachrichten – Zeitschrift für deutsche Entwicklungs-, Test-, Transfer- Identifikation und Überwachung von Industrial Engineering 2006. und Marketingplattform (MIDAS) der betrieblichen Ressourcen. (2006), 1, p. 24-28, ISSN 0033-6874 Logistik unter besonderer Beachtung. In: REFA Landesverband Mecklenburg- In: Innovationsforum “Potenzen und Vorpommern e.V. (Ed.): 8. REFA-Ost- Chancen der Anwendung der Euro- seeforum – Prozess- und Organisations- päischen Satellitennavigation GALILEO in entwicklung in SME Mitteldeutschland”. (Rostock, May 18, 2006) – Proceedings (Bernburg, October 27, 2006) – Proceedings

106 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Schenk, M.: Schenk, M.: Schenk, M. ; Richter, K.: Dienstleistungspartnerschaften Virtuelle Realität – Trends und Anwen- Telematische Basisstrukturen – Voraus- Kompetenz- und Aufgabenverteilung dungen für die Zukunft. setzung für eine erfolgreiche Logistik. zum gegenseitigen Vorteil. In: Schenk, M. (Ed.): Anlagenbau der In: Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau In: mic - management information center Zukunft – Wettbewerbsvorteile im und Stadtentwicklung (Ed.): GmbH (Ed.): Neue Formen des Indus- Anlagenbau realisieren. Forschungskonferenz Güterverkehr und triemanagements 1. Asset-Business- (Magdeburg, March 2-3, 2006) – Logistik Politik und Wissenschaft im Summit 2006. Proceedings, p. 95-103, Dialog. (Salzburg, Austria, July 4-5, 2006) – ISBN 3-8167-6849-0 (Magdeburg, April 26-27, 2006) – Proceedings Proceedings, p. 27-30 Schenk, M.: Schenk, M.: Wandel in Produktion und Logistik. Schenk, M. ; Richter, K.: Nutzung von VR-Technologien zur In: Schenk, M. (Ed.): Ehrenkolloquium Verzahnte Güterlogistik im Betrieb und Beherrschung komplexer technischer anlässlich des 70. Geburtstages von bedarfsorientierte Instandhaltung: Mit Systeme. Prof. Gottschalk. Funkchip-Technik (RFID) und Sensornetz- In: 19. HAB Forschungsseminar (Magdeburg, January 13, 2006) – werken drahtlos Warenverkehr und Pro- “Beiträge der Arbeits- und Betriebsorga- Proceedings, p. 11-13, duktionsanlagen überwachen. nisation zur Beschäftigungssicherung”. ISBN 3-8167-7002-9 In: Microsoft Deutschland GmbH (Ed.): (Karlsruhe, October 13 -14, 2006) – Digital Pharma Konferenz 2006 »Effi- Proceedings Schenk, M. ; Blümel, E. ; Schumann, M.: zienzsteigerung in der pharmazeutischen ViVERA – Virtual Network of Compe- Produktion« Schenk, M.: tence for Virtual and Augmented Reality. (Königswinter, October 19, 2006) – Trends in der Logistik und Perspektiven In: microCAD 2006 International Scien- Proceedings für das ILM. tific Conference. In: Schenk M. ; Ziems D. (Ed.): Fest- (Miskolc, Hungary, March 16- 17, 2006) Schenk, M. ; Richter, K. ; Plate, C. ; veranstaltung 50 Jahre Fördertechnik- – Proceedings Linke, D.: ausbildung in Magdeburg Bildung des Logistische Prozesssicherheit auf indus- Instituts für Logistik und Materialfluss- Schenk, M. ; Reggelin, T. ; Barfus, K.: triellen Baustellen – Einsatz von RF-Tech- technik. Innovative Lehrmethoden in der uni- nologien und Telematik zur Produktions- (Magdeburg, October 2, 2006) – versitären und ausseruniversitären logis- verbesserung im Anlagenbau. Proceedings, p. 79-85, tischen Aus- und Weiterbildung. In: Schenk, M. ; Inderfurth, K. ; ISBN 10-3-930385-61-9 und In: Engelhardt-Nowitzki, C. (Ed.): Neumann, G. ; Wäscher, G. ; Ziems, D. ISBN 13:978-3-930385-61-4 Ausbildung in der Logistik. (Eds.): 12. Magdeburger Logistik-Tagung Leoben, Austria: Deutscher Univer- Sicherung von Prozessketten. Schenk, M.: sitäts-Verlag, 2006, p. 105-117, (Magdeburg, November 16-17, 2006) Virtual Engeneering für Produktent- ISBN 10: 3-8350-0574-X und – Proceedings, p. 132-141, wicklung, -testung und Betrieb. ISBN 13: 978-3-8350-0574-7 ISBN 10:3-930385-62-7 und In: MAHREG e.V. (Ed.): 6. MAHREG ISBN 13:978-3-930385-62-1 Innovationsforum IT-Technologien und Schenk, M. ; Richter, K.: Virtual-Reality für Automobilzulieferer Die gesicherte Warenkette. (Halle, November 2-3, 2006) – In: Klock, E. (Ed.): Proceedings OEM & Lieferant Jahrbuch 2006. Stadecken-Elsheim : VEK-Verlag Elisabeth Klock, 2006, p. 132-133, ISBN 3-00-018118-0

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 107 Schenk, M. ; Richter, K. ; Plate, C. ; Schenk, M. ; Röben, H.: Schenk, M. ; Seidel, H. ; Richter, K.: Ryll, F.: Gesicherten Warenketten – Herausfor- Intelligenter Produzieren – Neue Das Material Internet als technisch derungen für die Zukunft. Logistikkonzepte und -lösungen. orientiertes Gedankenmodell für die In: Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei In: Bundesvereinigung Logistik (BVL) e.V. Instandhaltungslogistik im Braunkohle- in Berlin e.V. (Ed.): 9. VLB-Logistikfach- (Ed.): 23. Deutscher Logistik Kongress bergbau. kongress Trends in der Getränkelogistik. Menschen Netze Technologien. In: Deutscher Braunkohlen-Industrie- (Soest, March 21-23, 2006) – (Berlin, October 18-20, 2006) – Verein e.V. (Ed.): Kolloquium für Inno- Proceedings Proceedings, p. 194-204, vation im Braunkohlebergbau. ISBN 10: 3-87154-341-1 und (Magdeburg, November 8-9, 2006) Schenk, M. ; Röben, H.: ISBN 13: 978-3-87154-341-8 – Proceedings, p. 34-35 Innovative Logistiklösungen mit RFID – Der Faktor Mensch. Schenk, M. ; Tolujew, J. ; Barfus, K.: Schenk, M. ; Richter, K. ; Röben, H.: In: Bundesvereinigung Logistik Austria Entwicklung eines modellgestützten Mobile Business in der Baustellenlogistik (Ed.): 22. Logistik-Dialog in Vienna: Der strategischen Frühwarnsystems für das grosstechnischer Anlagen. Stellenwert des Menschen in der Logistik logistische Netz einer verteilten Produk- In: Horster, P. (Ed.): Arbeitskonferenz von Morgen. tion. D*A*CH Mobility. (Vienna, Austria, March 30-31, 2006) In: Wenzel, S. (Ed.): 12. Fachtagung (Ottobrunn, October 17-18, 2006) – – Proceedings Simulation in Produktion und Logistik Proceedings, p. 214-222, 2006. ISBN 3-00-019635-8 Schenk, M. ; Röben, H.: (Kassel, September 26-27, 2006) – Mit RFID und Telematik zu sicheren Proceedings, p. 173-182, Schenk, M. ; Richter, K. ; Röben, H.: Warenketten in der Automobilbranche. ISBN 3-936150-48-6 Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies for In: Bundesvereinigung Logistik Austria Construction Site Logistics. (Ed.): 4. Branchenforum Automobil- Schenk, M. ; Tolujew, J. ; Barfus, K. ; In: Universität Miskolc (Ed.): microCAD Logistik “Fit for Global Success”. Reggelin, T.: 2006 International Scientific Conference. (Graz, Austria, May 3-4, 2006) – Modellierung und Analyse von räum- (Miskolc, Hungary, March 16-17, 2006) – Proceedings lichen Relationen zwischen physischen Proceedings, p. 151-156, Objekten in logistischen Netzwerken. ISBN 9-6366-1715-5 Schenk, M. ; Ryll, F. ; Schady, R.: In: BVL e.V. (Ed.): 3. Wissenschafts- Anforderungen an den Produktentwick- symposium Logistik, Wissenschaft und Schenk, M.; Röben, H.: lungsprozess für hybride Produkte im Praxis im Dialog, Steuerung von Logistik- Das Virtual Development and Training Anlagenbau. systemen – auf dem Weg zur Selbst- Centre VDTC des Fraunhofer IFF: In: Industrie Management. steuerung Leistungen und Unterstützung für den 22 (2006) 1/2006, p. 55-58 (Dortmund, May 30-31, 2006) – Mittelstand. ISSN 1443-1980 Proceedings, p. 26-39 In: DVS BV Magdeburg (Ed.): ISBN 10:3-87154-340-3 und 16. Schweisstechnische Fachtagung 2006 Schenk, M. ; Schumann, M: ISBN 13: 978387154-340-1 – Virtuelles Schweissen. ViVERA – Virtuelles Kompetenznetzwerk (Magdeburg, May 11, 2006) – zur virtuellen und erweiterten Realität. Proceedings, p. 3-8 In: Schenk, M. (Ed.): 9. IFF-Wissen- schaftstage 2006. (Magdeburg, June 21-22, 2006) – Proceedings, p. 11-18, ISBN 10: 3-8167-7124-6 und ISBN 13: 978-3-8167-7124-1

108 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Schenk, M. ; Tolujew, J. ; Reggelin, T. ; Schoor, W.: Staiger, M. ; Schellbach, J.: Barfus, K.: VR Based Knowledge Transfer in Medical ProWis-Shop – Wissensmanagement Entwicklung und Anwendung ereig- Technology and Techniques. Lösungen für SME – Ein Umsetzungs- nisprotokollbasierter Kennzahlen für In: International Workshop on Virtual modell für die Praxis. Prozesse in logistischen Netzen. Reality in Scientific Applications and In: Journal Arbeit. In: Biedermann, H. ; Engelhardt-Nowitzki, Learning 2006. 06 (2006), 1, p. 26-27 C. ; Bäck, S. (Eds.): Supply Chain Mana- (Glasgow, Scottland, May 8, 2006) – gement und Informationswirtschaft. Proceedings, p. 268-277, Staiger, M. ; Voigt, S.: (Leoben, Austria, September 12, 2006) – ISBN 3-540-34070-X ProWis: Knowledge Management Proceedings, p. 155-166, Solutions for SME. ISBN 3-929383-30-6 Schoor, W. ; Mecke, R. ; Berndt, D. ; In: IFFocus – Logistics Connects. Hofmann, M.: 1 (2006), 1, p. 40-41, ISSN 1862-5320 Schenk, M. ; Wahl, M. ; Rademacher, G.: Automatisierte Erfassung und Visualisie- Transponderunterstütztes Behälter- rung texturierter 3D-Modelle mit skalier- Strassburger, S ; Seidel, H ; Schady, R ; management in der Produktion von barer Auflösung. Masik, S.: Gasturbinenschaufeln. In: Schulze, T. ; Horton, G. ; Preim, B. ; Digital Factory Planning Tools and Trends. In: Wolf-Kluthausen, H. (Ed.): Schlechtweg, S. (Eds.): Simulation und In: IFFocus – Logistics Connects Jahrbuch Logistik 2006. Visualisierung 2006. 1 (2006), 1, p.42-44, ISSN 1862-5320 Korschenbroich: free beratung GmbH, (Magdeburg, March 2-3, 2006) – 2006, p. 260-262, ISBN 98-0941-2 Proceedings, p. 339-346, Teutsch, C. ; Berndt, D. ; Schmidt, N. ; ISBN 3-936150-46-x Trostmann, E.: Schenk, M. ; Wirth, S.: Automated geometry measurement of Fabrikplanung und Fabrikbetrieb wand- Schumann, M ; Winge, A.: wheel rims based on optical 3D metro- lungsfähiger und vernetzter Fabriken. Einsatz von VR-Technologien in SME am logy. In: Technische Universität Chemnitz (Ed.): Beispiel der Harzer Schmalspurbahnen In: Huang, P. S. (Ed.): Optics East 2006, Von der integrierten Fertigung zur GmbH. Two- and Three-Dimensional Methods for vernetzten Produktion, Ehrenkollo- In: Schulze, T. ; Horton, G. ; Preim, B. ; Inspection and Metrology IV. quium anlässlich des 70. Geburtstages Schlechtweg, S. (Eds.): Simulation und (Boston, USA, October 1-4, 2006) – von Prof. Wirth. Visualisierung 2006. Proceedings, S. 63820I (Chemnitz, July 13, 2006) – Proceedings, (Magdeburg, March 2-3, 2006) – p. 51-59 Proceedings, p. 347-355, Teutsch, C. ; Berndt, D ; Sobotta, A. ; ISBN 3-936150-46-x Sperling, S.: Schnauffer, H.G. ; Staiger, M.: A flexible photogrammetric stereo vision Verbindungen von Kopf zu Kopf – Ent- Siegberg, A. ; John, M. ; Voigt, S.: system for capturing the 3D shape of wicklung massgeschneiderter Wissens- Wissen und Information – Aktuelle extruded profiles. management-Konzepte. Marktstudie der Fraunhofer-Wissens- In: Huang, P. S. (Ed.): Optics East 2006, In: Wissenschaftsmanagement – Zeit- management-Community zum Entwick- Two- and Three-Dimensional Methods for schrift für Innovation. lungsstand in Unternehmen. Inspection and Metrology IV. 12 (2006), 3, p. 37-41, ISSN 0947-9546 In: Wissenschaftsmanagement – Zeit- (Boston, USA, October 1-4, 2006) – schrift für Innovation. Proceedings, p. 63820M 12 (2006), 4, p. 29-36, ISSN 0947-9546

Staiger, M. ; Kilian, S.: Nutzen statt Kosten – Wissensmanage- ment in SME. In: Wissensmanagement – Das Magazin für Führungskräfte. 8 (2006), 2, p. 34-36, ISSN 1438-4426

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 109 Presentations (Selection)

Teutsch, C. ; Berndt, D. ; Trostmann, E. ; Blümel, E.: Schenk, M.: Weber, M.: Simulation und Bedienertraining: Das Virtual Development and Training Real-time detection of elliptic shapes for Presentation. Centre VDTC im Magdeburger Wissen- automated object recognition and object In: Training for chemical workers/ schaftshafen: Nukleus für innovative tracking. Dynamic Process Simulation for Städteentwicklung: Presentation. In: Meriaudeau, F. ; Niel, K. S. (Eds.): Advanced Operator Training & Plant In: Existenzgründungsoffensive ego- Electronic Imaging 2006. Verification Wettbewerb 2005 »Landkreise/kreisfreie (San Jose, USA, January 15-19, 2006) - (Hannover, April 27, 2006) Städte und Einzelpersonen« Proceedings, p. 171-179 (Magdeburg, March 15, 2006) ISBN 0-8194-6110-5 Blümel, E. ; Haase, T.: VDTC Best Practice Report: Presentation. Schenk, M.: Trostmann, E.: In: Virtual Product and Process Forschen in der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft – Lichtschnittverfahren zur optischen Engineering Chancen für Nachwuchswissenschaftler: Formerfassung. (Bled, Slovenia, March 2, 2006) Presentation. In: Bauer, N. (Ed.): In: 2006 OPEN DAYS – Europäische Praxis Profiline – Berührungslose Ehrhardt, I.: Woche der Regionen und Städte Messtechnik. Einsatz mobiler Endgeräte in der (Magdeburg, October 12, 2006) Würzburg: Vogel Industrie Medien, kompletten Holzlogistikkette für Fraunhofer Allianz Vision, 2006, p. 6-8, Industrieholz: Presentation. Schenk, M.: ISBN 3-9259-1941-2 In: CEBIT Innovationen in der Logistik-Technik: (Hannover, March 15, 2006) Presentation. Wäsche, M. ; Ehrhardt, I.: In: DVZ – Future Day Development and Implementation of a Ehrhardt, I.: (Berlin, February 7, 2006) Demonstrator for an Integrated Wood Offroad Navigation und Routing Logistics from the Forest to the Factory Voraussetzungen für integrierte Schenk, M.: “Saxony-Anhalt Wood Demonstrator” Logistikketten: Presentation. Innovative Lösungen in der Produktions- In: International Conference on Infor- In: CEBIT logistik mittels RFID: Presentation. mation Systems, Logistics and Supply (Hannover, March 10, 2006) In: REFA-Fachausschusssitzung Chain. (Magdeburg, May 19, 2006) (Lyon, France, May 14-17, 2006) – Ehrhardt, I. ; Bystricky, R. ; Wäsche, M.: Proceedings Logistische Herausforderungen für die Schenk, M.: Biomassebereitstellung: Presentation. Logistik – Zukunftsperspektiven: Zwart, H. ; Endig, M.: In: Trends of woodworking, forest and Presentation. After Market – Servicelösungen für den environmental technology development In: Landesfachtagung “Logistik – Job- Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. and their applications in manufacturing motor in Sachsen?” In: Anlagenbau der Zukunft – processes (Dresden, November 2, 2006) Wettbewerbsvorteile im Anlagenbau (Zvolen, Slovak Republic, September 6, realisieren: Zukunftsszenarien und 2006) Schenk, M.: Erfahrungsberichte. Markt und Trend – Herausforderungen (Magdeburg, March 2-3, 2006) – Richter, K.: im Einsatz von RFID: Presentation. Proceedings, ISBN 3-8167-7026-6 Permanent überwachungsfähige Behälter In: Logistikzentrum Mannheim: und Container in internationalen Innovationstag Logistikketten: Presentation. (Mannheim, February 2, 2006) In: CEBIT (Hannover, March 11, 2006)

110 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Schenk, M.: Schenk, M. ; Roeben, H.: Mit RFID zu gesicherten Warenketten: Industrielle Anwendungen von RFID zur Presentation. Transparenz, Sicherung und Steuerung In: RFID Fachforum von Prozessen einsetzbar im Bereich (Berlin, February 21, 2006) Automotive: Presentation. In: Euro-Log Erfahrungs-Forum RFID Schenk, M.: (Leipzig, May 3, 2006) Technologieplattform MIDAS: Presentation. Schenk, M. ; Roeben, H.: In: Innovationsforum “Potenzen und Qualitätssicherung von logistischen Chancen der Anwendung der Euro- Prozessen in der Luftfahrtbranche: päischen Satellitennavigation GALILEO in Presentation. Mitteldeutschland” In: Die Internationale Luft- und (Bernburg, October 27, 2006) Raumfahrtausstellung (Berlin, May 18, 2006) Schenk, M.: Verkehrstechnologien der Zukunft – wie Schenk, M. ; Schumann, M.: wird Mobilität gemanagt?: Presentation. Virtuelles Kompetenznetzwerk zur virtu- In: Logistik in Saxony-Anhalt Gegenwart ellen und erweiterten Realität: und Zukunft am Standort Sachsen-Anhalt Presentation. (Magdeburg, February 14, 2006) In: Kompetenznetze – Innovationscluster in Deutschland Schenk, M. ; Morozov, I.: (Hannover, April 25, 2006) Joint Development of EU-Russian Manu- facturing Logistics Systems as a Key to Schumann, M. ; Schenk, M.: Boosting Industial Cooperation in the ViVERA – Virtuelles Kompetenznetzwerk Aircraft Industry: Presentation. zur virtuellen und erweiterten Realität: In: ELA European Logistics Association Presentation. EU – Russia Workshop In: Hannover Messe (Brussels, Belgium, April 28, 2006) (Hannover, April 25, 2006)

Schenk, M. ; Richter, K. ; Plate, C. ; Schumann, M. ; Schenk, M. ; Blümel, E.: Ryll, F.: ViVERA – Network of Competence for Das Material Internet als technisch orien- Virtual and Augmented Reality: tiertes Gedankenmodell für die Instand- Presentation. haltungslogistik im Braunkohlebergbau: In: mircoCAD 2006 – International Presentation. Scientific Conference In: Kolloquium für Innovation im Braun- (Miskolc, Hungary, March 16, 2006) kohlebergbau – KIB (Magdeburg, November 8, 2006) Voigt, S. ; Finke, I. ; Orth, R.: Prozessorientiertes & -integriertes Schenk, M. ; Roeben, H.: Wissensmanagement – Ein Ansatz für Gesicherte Warenketten - SME: Presentation. Herausforderung für die Zukunft: In: ProWis-Tagung Prozessorientiertes Presentation. und -integriertes Wissensmanagement In: RFID-Technologietag bei MOD für SME. (Einbeck, June 13, 2006) (Berlin, November 14, 2006)

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 111 112 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft at a Glance © Myrzik + Jarisch

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 113 The Research Organization

114 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft's primary The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft provides its The namesake of the non-profit task is applied research. Founded in staffs opportunities to develop profes- Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is the brilliant 1949, the research organization performs sionally and personally for challenging Munich native Joseph von Fraunhofer applied research for business and indus- positions at their institute, other fields (1787-1826) who enjoyed equal success try and to the benefit of society. Con- of research, business and society. The as a researcher, inventor and entre- tractual partners and clients are industrial practical training and experience at preneur. and service companies and the state. Fraunhofer Institutes open outstanding Research projects with relevance for the opportunities for students to find jobs future, which contribute to innovations and develop at organizations and com- in the sector of public demand and the panies. economy are carried out on behalf of federal and state ministries and agencies. The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft currently operates over eighty research facilities, of The impact of applied research reaches which fifty-six are institutes, at forty loca- far beyond its direct benefits for clients: tions all over Germany. 12,500 employ- Fraunhofer Institutes contribute to ees, predominantly with backgrounds in regional, German and European com- the natural sciences or engineering, work petitiveness with their research and with an annual research budget of development work. They foster innova- 1.2 billion euros. Of this, over 1 billion tions, encourage technological advances, euros is generated by contract research. improve acceptance of modern technol- The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft obtains two ogy and also provide young researchers thirds from industry contracts and publi- and engineers much needed information cally funded research projects. Only one and advanced training. third is contributed by federal and state governments as basic funding so that the institutes can work to solve problems that will only become relevant for business and society in ten or fifteen years.

Research centers and representative offices in Europe, the USA and Asia maintain contact with the most important present and future research and business regions.

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 115 116 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Fraunhofer IFF Contacts at a Glance

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 117 Contacts

Director Prof. Michael Schenk [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-470 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-473 Office of the Director/ Ms. Ines Trübe [email protected] Office Manager Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-471 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-473 Office at the VDTC Ms. Yvonne Gieseler [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-701 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-703

Deputy Director Dr. Gerhard Müller [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-401 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-445 Office Ms. Sabine Gerlich [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-444 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-445

Organization and Communication Team OKT

Organication and Communication Ms. Sabine Conert [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-481 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-473 Media and Public Relations Ms. Anna-Kristina Wassilew [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-446 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90 93-446 Organication and Coordination VDTC Ms. Antje Plock [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-140 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-115

Business Units

Robotic Systems RS Dr. Norbert Elkmann [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-222 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-250 Measurement and Testing Mr. Dirk Berndt [email protected] Technology MPT Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-224 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-250 Virtual Interactive Training VIT Dr. Eberhard Blümel [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-110 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-115 Logistics and FActory Systems LFS Mr. Holger Seidel [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-123 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90 93-123 Process and Plant Engineering PAT Dr. Lutz Hoyer [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-351 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-370 Dr. Matthias Gohla [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-361 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-366

Expert Groups

Virtual Engineering VE Dr. Ulrich Schmucker [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-201 Telefax +49 (0) 391/40 90-250 Material Handling Engineering- Dr. Klaus Richter [email protected] and Systems MFT Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-420 Telefax +49 (0) 391/40 90-432 Dr. Rüdiger Mecke Rü[email protected] Virtual Prototyping VP Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-146 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-115

118 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Central Office

ViVERA Mr. Marco Schumann [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-158 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-115

Administrative Services Ms. Karla Zorn [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-598 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-596

Institute of Logistics and Material Handling Systems, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg

Managing Director Prof. Michael Schenk [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-18 601 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-12 646 Logistics Process Analysis Dr. Elke Glistau [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-12 660 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-12 646 Logistics Process Modeling Dr. Juri Tolujew [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/40 90-310 Fax +49 (0) 391/40 90-622

Fraunhofer IFF Joint Competence Centers with Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg

Visualization Techniques Prof. Bernhard Preim [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-18 512 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-11 164 Training and Technologie Prof. Klaus Jenewein [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-16 602 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-16 550 Virtual Engineering Prof. Ulrich Gabbert [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-18 609 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-12 439 Prof. Roland Kasper [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-18 607 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-12 656 Simulation Techniques Prof. Thomas Schulze [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-12 825 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-11 216 Machine Vision Prof. Bernd Michaelis [email protected] Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-18 860 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-11 231 Power Systems and Prof. Zbigniew A. Styczynski [email protected] Regenerative Energies Tel. +49 (0) 391/67-18 866 Fax +49 (0) 391/67-12 408

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 119 120 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 Editorial Notes

Published by

Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Auto mation IFF Prof. Michael Schenk Director of the Fraunhofer IFF Sandtorstrasse 22 39106 Magdeburg Germany www.iff.fraunhofer.de

Edited by Herbert Siegert Anna-Kristina Wassilew

Translated by Krister G. E. Johnson

Picture credits P. 11: JENOPTIK AG P. 37: Siemens Pressebild P. 40: Siemens AG P. 42: Siemens Pressebild P. 47: GeoContent P. 69: Raith GmbH P. 77: Andreas Lander/Stadt Magdeburg P. 90 oben: Microsoft Pressebild P. 94: Flugdienst Magdeburg GmbH P. 113: Myrzik + Jarisch All other pictures: Fraunhofer IFF.

We thank our project partners and the employees of the Fraunhofer IFF for the release of their publications.

Structure/layout/composition Barbara Schmidt, IFB Innovation, Forschung und Beratung AG

Printing Grafisches Centrum Cuno GmbH & Co. KG

Whether in whole or in part, this material may only be reproduced with prior consent of the editorial staff. © Fraunhofer IFF, Magdeburg 2007

Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006 121 122 Fraunhofer IFF Annual Report 2006