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Impacts of Climate Change on the Tourism Business in Winter Season in the Swiss National Park Region - Master Thesis

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Impacts of Climate Change on the Tourism Business in Winter Season in the Swiss National Park Region - Master Thesis Climate change in the Swiss National Park region: Impacts of climate change on the tourism business in winter season in the Swiss National Park region - Master thesis - Author: Valentin Stan MScBA Tourism HTW Chur Obergasse 1. CH- 7015 Tamins. Advisor: Prof. Dr. Ivan Nikitin Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Chur Comercialstrasse 24; CH-7000 Chur Co-advisor: Dr. Philippe Saner Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190; 8057 Zurich Switzerland 2016 i Acknowledgments This master thesis would not have been possible without the help and the kindness of many persons. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Ivan Nikitin for all his trust, his patience and his support during the time we worked for this master thesis. I am also thankful to Mr. Philippe Saner for his accept to be involved in the evaluation of this study and to Mr. Norman Backhaus for his advices with regards the proposal of this master thesis and for his recommendations regarding experts who can be contacted for interviews. Moreover, I take this opportunity to thank to Therese Lehmann, Constanze Conradin, Bruno Abegg, Reto Rupf, Hans Lozza, Claudio Daguati, Adrian Lehmann from Hotel Altana, Kurt Baumgartner, representatives of Bergbahnen Zuoz, Hotel Astras and Hotel Filli from Scuol, Snowsport Scuol, Private Ski Instructor Scuol and of one ski school from Zuoz, who have accepted to answer my questions and who expressed their support for my thesis. To all of you, my sincere thanks! ii Abbreviations CO2 – Carbon dioxide DMO – Destination Marketing Organization HTW - Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft, University of Applied Sciences MASL – Meters above Sea Level SNP – Swiss National Park iii Abstract Climate change is currently a central issue for Swiss winter tourism, as the mountain destinations are and will be for sure affected in different modalities by this global phenomenon. This issue is even more pressing for those destinations that rely mainly on the revenues obtained from this type of tourism. This study investigates the climate change impacts on tourism business in the Swiss National Park (SNP) region during the winter time and also the tourism providers‟ behaviors with regards to this phenomenon. With the help of literature review, interviews with tourism experts and with tourism providers of the area, aspects such as physical impacts, effects on tourism business, adaptation measures, drivers, barriers, and consequences are treated. The results of this research can represent a starting point for further studies but it is also useful for the practitioners who are interested how climate change can influence winter tourism businesses in the SNP region during winter season. iv List of tables and figures Table 1 Methods used for answering research sub-questions ............................................... 8 Table 2 Major contributions of tourism to Swiss economy ....................................................10 Table 3 Overview regarding touristic facilities in the SNP area .............................................12 Table 4 Adaptation measures of ski lift operators classified by strategy direction .................28 Table 5 Limits, potential conflicts and constraints of adaptation measures taken by tourism providers in winter destination ..............................................................................................31 Figure 1 SNP region delimitation ..........................................................................................13 Figure 2 Number of Journal Articles on Climate Change per Year ........................................13 Figure 3 Evolution of skier visits in Switzerland ....................................................................23 Figure 4 Groups involved in touristic activity and affected by climate change in the Swiss Alpine destinations ...............................................................................................................23 Figure 5 Physical impacts of climate change in the SNP region ...........................................34 Figure 6 Peculiarities of SNP region and the implications regarding climate change impacts .............................................................................................................................................35 Figure 7 Impacts of climate change on the tourism business in the SNP region from the experts‟ perspective .............................................................................................................39 Figure 8 Awareness of tourism providers with regards to climate change in the SNP region 40 Figure 9 Impacts of climate change on the tourism businesses in the SNP region from the tourism providers‟ perspective ..............................................................................................42 Figure 10 Most important physical impacts of climate change from the tourism providers‟ perspective ...........................................................................................................................44 Figure 11 Positive vs. negative impacts of climate change on the tourism business in the SNP region ...........................................................................................................................49 Figure 12 Behaviors of tourism providers with regards to climate change impacts, form the experts perspective ..............................................................................................................57 Figure 13 Behaviors of tourism providers with regards to climate change impacts based on the discussions with tourism providers .................................................................................59 Figure 14 Barriers faced by tourism providers in the SNP region while implementing adaptation measures, based on the discussion with tourism experts ....................................66 Figure 15 Barriers faced by tourism providers in the SNP region while implementing adaptation measures, based on the discussion with tourism providers .................................68 Figure 16 Consequences of adaptation measures, based on the discussion with tourism experts .................................................................................................................................71 Figure 17 Consequences of adaptation measures, based on the discussion with tourism providers ..............................................................................................................................72 v Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................. ii Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ................................................................................................................................. iv List of tables and figures ......................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research problem, aim, objectives and questions ................................................... 1 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Research strategy and research design .................................................................. 4 2.2 Research population and sampling strategies ......................................................... 4 2.3 Data collection ......................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Data analysis ........................................................................................................... 8 3 Literature review ............................................................................................................10 3.1 Tourism business in Switzerland ............................................................................10 3.2 Tourism business in the Swiss National Park region ..............................................11 3.3 Climate change – general information ....................................................................13 3.3.1 General impacts of climate change .................................................................15 3.3.2 Impacts of climate change in tourism ..............................................................17 3.4 Summary of literature review ..................................................................................32 4 Results and discussion ..................................................................................................33 4.1 Physical impacts of climate change in the SNP region and peculiarities of this area 33 4.1.1 Results from tourism experts ...........................................................................33 4.1.2 Discussion .......................................................................................................35 4.2 Impacts of climate change on tourism businesses and awareness of tourism businesses representatives ...............................................................................................37 4.2.1 Results
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