Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan 2016

BETRAYAL IN A MARRIAGE AS PORTRAYED IN THE GREAT GATSBY AND BELENGGU: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE ANALYSIS

A THESIS

ISTI PURWANTO

REG.NO : 120705005

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2016

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BETRAYAL IN A MARRIAGE AS PORTRAYED IN THE GREAT GATSBY AND BELENGGU: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE ANALYSIS

A THESIS

ISTI PURWANTO

REG. NO. 120705005

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2016

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BETRAYAL IN A MARRIAGE AS PORTRAYED IN THE GREAT GATSBY AND BELENGGU: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE ANALYSIS

A THESIS

BY ISTI PURWANTO REG. NO. 120705005

CO-SUPERVISOR

S Mahmud AriefAlbar, SS, M.A NIP. 195904191981022001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra From Department English.

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D

NIP. 19541117198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on December 21st 2016

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S

NIP.19600805 1987031 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. ______

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. ______

Dr.Martha Pardede, M.S ______

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum ______

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NAME : ISTI PURWANTO

TITLE OF THESIS: BETRAYAL IN A MARRIAGE AS PORTRAYED IN THE GREAT GATSBY AND BELENGGU:A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE ANALYSIS QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul "Betrayal in a Marriage as Portrayed inThe Great Gatsby andBelenggu: A Comparative LiteratureAnalysis" ini merupakan sebuah kajian ilmu sastra. Kedua novel ini di tulisolehsastrawanAmerikaSerikatdan Indonesia, merekaadalah F. Scott Fitzgerald danArmaijn Pane.Skripsiiniberisiperbandingankedua novel yang berbedabudayadannegara, yang waktupenulisankedua novel inijugapadamasaabad yang sama, yaituThe Great Gatsbyoleh F. Scott Fitzgerald padatahun 1925danBelengguolehArmijn Pane pada 1940. Adapun teori yang mendukung skripsi ini adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh RajaliKasimdalambukuSastraBandingan: RuangLingkupdanMetodedan Warren danWellekdalambukuTheory of Literature. Tujuandarikajianinimeliputi (1) Untukmengetahuisebabterjadinyaperselingkuhan di kedua novel dan (2) Untukmengetahuipersamaandanperbedaan di antarakedua novel.Skripsi ini menerapkan metode deskriftifkualitatifdariMeleong. Tahap-tahap yang dilalui dalam penelitian ini meliputi tahap membacakedua novel, tahap pengumpulan data dananalisis data, dan tahap penarikan kesimpulan. HasilnyaadalahPerselingkuhanterjadipadakeluarga yang tidakharmonis yang disebabkanolehbanyak motif, seperti orang ketiga, uang, komunikasi yang burukdantidakadanyakejujuranantarasuami-istri.

Kata Kunci: The Great Gatsby,Belenggu, Perselingkuhan, Pernikahan, SastraBandingan.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled"Betrayal in a Marriage as Portrayed inThe Great Gatsby andBelenggu: A Comparative LiteratureAnalysis". It is about literature study. Both of the novels are written by American and Indonesian authors, namely F. Scott Fitzgerald and Armijn Pane. This thesis talking about the comparison of both of the novels that have different cultures and nations, and are written at same times, The Great Gatsby was written in 1925 and Belenggu in 1940. And the theory that I used by RajaliKasim in SastraBandingan: RuangLingkupdanMetode and by Warren and Wellek in Theory of Literature. The purposes of the research are (1) to expose how betrayal is demonstrated in the both of the novels and (2) to expose the differences and similarities between the novels. This thesis applied descriptive qualitative method of Meleong. Steps in this research include read both of the findings, collecting data, analysis data, and phase conclusion of this paper are: Betrayal can happened in a family because of many motifs, like the third person, money, miscommunication, and no more honesty between husband and wife. Key words: The Great Gatsby,Belenggu, Betrayal, Marriage, Comparative Literature.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT, for His compassion and blessing given to me to finish this thesis. Salawat and salam to the Prophet

Muhammad SAW, along with his family and his companions.

My very special gratitude is for my beloved mom who teaches me how to treat the people surrounding me, and always takes care of me and reminds me to pray to Allah SWT in every single day. For my father, thank you for your support, I always remember you and I pray for you, God please lead my father’s go to your best place beside You. Both of you are my inspiration and I am so proud to be your son.

Moreover, thank you very much to my brothers, IstiWidodo, IstiWibowo,

IstiPrayugo, NurIkhwanHidayah, and my sisters, DewiRatna Sari and IstiYantiwho always support me every time. I always love you and all of you are always in my deepest hearth.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S as my supervisor for his kindness, knowledge, patience and motivation for me to write and finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank toMahmud AriefAlbar, SS, M.A, as my co-supervisor for his kindness and knowledge to help me in writing this thesis.

My gratitude also goes to the Head and the Secretary of English Department,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D., and all of the lecturers and the staffs of English Department for the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA I also want to thank to BukGalu, BukNur, Armand Wardhi for your kindness and helping me at the beginning until present, and for my special thanks to

TondiNamora, S.S, WindiRahmi, Jay Sita, S.S, Muhammad RidhoAzhari, S.S and

AgusSalim for helping me to write this thesis. Thank you for my old and forever friends,Kaltha, Alifa, Heleri, Farah, Riri, Wella, Rapika, Ernita, Fajar, Ratih, Defa,

Yanto, Pesta, Monica, Dimas, Fitri, Kristin, Grace, Ervika, Hazme, Suci, Ira, Ayu,

Deborah, Nurul, Hasdarni, Tri, Nia, David, Niel, Hasan, Windo, Dzulfikar. Thank you for accompanying me to complete a university degree. Also for all my friends in

English Literature University of Sumatera Utara, especially Class A 2012 that cannot

I mention one by one who share the priceless experiences to me.

I am really grateful to have everyone supporting me in the process of writing this thesis. Thank you so much for being my power.

Finally, may this thesis be advantegous for the readers, may the grace and love of the Almighty Allah SWT be with us all forever. Amin.

Medan, December21st2016

Isti Purwanto Reg. No. 120705005

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... v

ABSTRACT ...... vii

ABSTRAK ...... viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...... ix

TABLE OF CONTENT ...... xi

LIST OF TABLES ...... xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ...... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study ...... 5

1.3 Objective of the Study ...... 5

1.4 Scope of the Study ...... 6

1.5 Significance of the Study ...... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Literature ...... 7

2.2 Theme ...... 8

2.3 Plot ...... 9

2.4 Character ...... 10

2.4 Setting ...... 11

2.5 Point of View ...... 11

2.6 Comparative Literature ...... 12

2.7 Betrayal ...... 13

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Method ...... 15

3.2 Data Collecting...... 15

3.3 Data Analysis ...... 16

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Betrayal in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald ...... 18

4.2 Betrayal in Belengguby Armijn Pane ...... 32

4.3 The Similarities and Differences ...... 50

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ...... 54

5.2 Suggestion ...... 55

REFERENCE ...... 56

APPENDICES i. F. Scott Fitzgerald and Armijn Pane Auto Biography and Works ii. Summary of the Novel The Great Gatsby and Belenggu

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

A betrayal intimately connected with an affair relationship which is actually a gratification of lust based on their needs. It turns to become a serious relationship which makes someone want to own his/her own cheating partner even though they know that it can damage his household. It is portrayed in novel The Great Gatsby by

F. Scott Fitzgerald. Tom loved Martyle, who was the wife of mechanic, but Tom also loved his wife Daisy. Daisy knew that her husband had another dream woman, but she was not so concerned, and it resulted in committing betrayal with his ex- boyfriend, Gatsby. A similar case is also found in the novel Belenggu by Armijn

Pane. Kartono loved Tini even though he knew that Tini did not love him, so

Kartono made a new relationship with Siti Rohayah. We know that a betrayal has many motifs, and a lot of influences which are essentially the spiritual needs of human beings.

A betrayal is a broken agreement, implicit or explicit, that is considered vital to the integrity of a relationship. The capacity of a relationship to recover from a betrayal has a lot to do with the responses, particularly on the part of the betrayer to the situation. The more open and nondefensive they are, the more likely it is that there will be resolution. When both partners are committed to this as an outcome, the likelihood increases exponentially.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Betrayal is like to be committing with divorce. A divorce is big issue and a phenomenon in social life, culture, religion, nation, always the rich, the poor, the young, and even the old. These factors are not the obstructions for anyone to divorce from their partners. In the past, divorce is a problematic issue in the social community. We can find these cases in the histories, literary works, also the cultures which still exist today.

A major cause of divorce is a betrayal. Many families are too opened to other people, and it is able to destroy a family's household. A betrayal can happen because of the unsatisfied feelings of the husband or wife in the family. The lack of attention contributes a tremendous impact on the integrity of a household. In Indonesia, many divorces occur due to betrayal. Some cases like a husband who leaves his wife for he is not able to live without his family. Finally the husband turns to the other woman. Or a wife, who was not satisfied with her husband, looks for another man who can love and protect her. Mulan Jameela, for example, became a thorn in the marriage of Ahmad Dhani and Maia Estianty. Now Maia reveals the scandal of her marriage. Maia admitted that Mulan was fired from Duo Ratu because she has an affair with Ahmad Dhani. Mulan can be a famous singer because of the efforts of

Maia but she got married with Dhani. Just like in Indonesia, the families in the

United States divorce due to a betrayal. The only factor which affects it is betrayal is the lack of love between husband and wife.

A betrayal is phenomenons that often occur in a relationship of husband and wife. A betrayal has been around since the past times Kings and noblemen have their cheating partner, which is described as the power of a King and noblemen that can do what they want, and it continues growing up in the communal life, and usually a

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA betrayal at the time just for gratification of lust. Nowadays, it is differences are two of them. Now, a betrayal has many motifs, misscommunication, and less of attention.

The third person in household relationships can be defined as an agent who has a responsibly for the destroyed relationships. This person is the way to out of the problems of the husband and wife relationship.

A betrayal in Indonesia is still considered as a taboo and it can create the degradation of moral values of the person who commit to a betrayal. The culture, moral values, and religion have a large role in a relationship. A betrayal in

Indonesia tends to the human moral crimes which are considered as a shameful thing, it can change negatively the perspective of the people toward the person who commit to a betrayal. Usually the person who commits betrayal will move to another place because the society will not respect to his/her anymore. Of course, these problems affect the psychological life, of the people who involve in it. Betrayal in

Indonesia has already occurred since many years ago. It is not very striking for strict moral value and religious values are still strong. However, a betrayal has already extended to the Indonesian society, especially in the urban areas that have influenced by the globalization and of course not denied villagers who began adopting a betrayal.

A betrayal, in the United States, is the usual thing if happens all the time. The

United States is one of the countries in the world which is very neatly recorded the numbers of marriage and divorce of their citizen. Moreover, the statistics shows more than half of the marriages ended in divorce. The main factor of betrayal can be seen in free life and liberal beliefs of Americans. The freedom in determining the direction of the way of life of Americans makes a lot of Americans committing to a

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA betrayal. It is certainly different thing for citizens in Indonesia. Free sex, liberalism, worshipful and materialism are the common things among American citizens. Those idea make the American citizens to be able to have what they want. We can see it in a variety of literary works, films, as well as the reality of American culture; of these are the reflections of life of Americans life.

In The Great Gatsby written F. Scott Fitzgerald, portrays betrayal which reflects the American society around the 1920s. At the time, American society still on old principle, i.e.tradition value of married, as well as the moral values of society which still influenced by religious values. It was very unique and interesting; the 1920s era of America and now times American is different in public order, tradition, culture, and religion.

The main characters in The Great Gatsby are Gatsby, Daisy and Tom. Gatsby was very ambition to takes Daisy; back to him while Tom an affair betrayal with Martyle, Daisy who is bored with Tom life style constantly in touch with Martyle. Obviously this is a complicated issue. Materialism has a large role in affecting the main character, both in hedonism, treasure and wealth, all of which made the reasons for Gatsby to have a Daisy, a woman who was loved by Gatsby.

Belenggu, in contrast, is different. Kartono, who was a doctor, has a wife named Tini. Tini was a cold-hearted and not concerned with Kartono. This is one of the reasons why Kartono commited to a betrayal, seeking woman who could fill the emptiness of his heart. The novel is talked about affection, attention, and communication between husband and wife, although, there reveals are several factors that influence the relationship.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA There are many differences and similarities between The Great Gatsby and

Belenggu. There are many factors such as culture, religion, moral values, and relationships between different communities. In this thesis the writer is interested in finding the motifs of a betrayal found in The Great Gatsby and

Belenggu.

Both of the novels written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Armijn Pane reveal the betrayal causes that happen to the main characters, and anything to do within betrayal nowadays. Base on both of the novels, the writer is interested in comparing both of these novels related to the cultural differences, the nation of the novels, the financial problem and the Community system is an interesting thing. And the writer will reveal the character and setting in the both of the novels. These things will make the writer easier in revealing a betrayal that exists in both novels based on the explain above the writer formulate the problem as before.

1.2. Problem of the Study

1. How is betrayal portrayed in The Great Gatsby?

2. How is betrayal portrayed in Belenggu?

3. What are the similarities and differences of betrayal in the novels?

1.3. Objective of the study

The purposes of the study are:

1. To explain betrayal portray base on the novel The Great Gatsby.

2. To explain betrayal portray base on the novel Belenggu.

3. To find out the similarities and differences in the novels.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.4. Scope of the study

It is very important to make a scope in analyzing this thesis because it will make this thesis concern to one thing. In this thesis, the writer only focuses on both of the novels and the causes of betrayal marriage failed. It is really viewed from the main characters life as leading character. I also choose the main characters in the both of the novel as leading character to show the failure of betrayal marriage because on himself the failure of betrayal marriage is truly shown. In this thesis, the writer uses character and setting to find out the similarities and differences in the both of the novels, also to find out the causes of a betrayal.

1.5. Significance of the Study

1. To give information to the readers who want to understand and appreciate

literature in general and the works of Scott Fitzgerald and Armijn Pane.

2. To encourage people in understanding the effects of a betrayal and the causes

of that problem in the family

3. To be used as reference for the readers who want to study literature.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Literature

Literature is one of the parts of human life, part of the form of human beings like the story, express emotion, imagination, and social criticism of the society itself.

A lot of literary works that are made to entertain only without seeing what the purpose and the meaning of that made, but there are some people who think that the literary works are the form of human life which should be understood by the people.

Humans interact and socialize to each other, so many stories and inspiration should be expressed because it is the fundamental of human nature as social beings.

Therefore, it creates the literary works like novel, poetry, and others which are used as a tool to express ourselves and to reflect the reality of the life.

Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material.

Derived from the Latin litteratura meaning "writing formed with letters," literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, journalism, and in some instances, song. Literature represents the culture and tradition of a language or a people. It's difficult to precisely define, though many have tried, but it's clear that the accepted definition of literature is constantly changing and evolving.

By this way, we can understand that a literary study will reveal the question such as “how”, “what”, “why”, and “who” which all the things have a base of theory and related to human life. Meanwhile, the literature is the creative’s activities, art, which can be seen and enjoy the result and the unique, as Wellek and Warren states,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Like every human being, each work of literature has its individual characteristics; but it also shares common properties with other works of art, just as every man shares traits with humanity, with all members of his sex, nation, class, profession, etc.” (1995:7)

Novel as a literary work provides the readers reflection reality of human life through beauty of art writing. As Taylor in the book of Understanding the Elements of Literature (1981:46) state,

“A novel is a normally a quite length of complexity which attempt to reflect and express something of the quality of value of human experience”.

It means that a novel is made by the writer to express their idea about something based on their experience or people’s experience around them. Human experience in life may influence the whole life of human including the way of life.

Novel as a part of the fiction can be defined as a work of prose fiction which tells story or uses incidents to dramatize human experience and individual character.

This literary work has intrinsic element, the efinition about the intrinsic elements in a novel theoretically, because they are crucial to support the analysis. The intrinsic elements that consist of theme, plot, character, setting and point of view are the elements that are participating in forming a story in literary work.

2.2.1 Theme

Theme of a literary work is its central message, concern, or purpose. A theme can usually be expressed as a generalization, or general statement, about people or life. The theme may be stated directly by the writer although it is more often presented indirectly. When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader must figure out the theme by looking carefully at what the work reveals about the people or about life.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Staton (2007:7) stated that theme gives a strong explained about the unity of what is happening in the story, and tells about the story of life in a common context.

The purpose of theme is to give a shape and effect in our mind, so make the story easy to remember. A good theme has to represent the entire story in the novel.

Sometimes the theme shapes in to the fact that comes from the human experience. It is explored by the story and then gives impression for each of event in life.

The theme of the novel is more than its subject matter, because an author’s technique can play as strong a rule in developing a theme as the action of the characters do. Sometimes because of the length of novels and the various characters, conflicts, and scenes, found within them, reader can look at different aspects of the work to uncover different interpretations of the meaning of the story.

2.2.2. Plot

Plot is an important element of literary work, because the plot tells the importantevent that occur in a story. There can be a logical development of events with a careful linking of scene or there can be a series of apparently unrelated scenes, which are not shown to be connected until the end of the novel- there should be a beginning, middle, and an end.

Staton (2007:26) stated that plot is a series of the events in a story. How a certain event affecting another event that cannot be ignored, since the event will be affecting for all the story. Plot very close to the existence of the character. If the story only has a little in character, there will be more close and simple to plot; in contrast a novel that has many characters in the story the plot will be more complicated. Plot also helps the reader in understanding the story of the novel. The clarity of the plot

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA makes the reader easier in understanding the story. Usually a good or popular novel uses simple plot, so the strength of the novel also depend on the plot.

2.2.3. Character

Literature has three genres. Those are prose, poetry and drama. Poetry is a meaningful arrangement of words. Drama is fictitious represented in performance.

Prose is a fictitious narrative kind of writing, in general this is called novel. Taylor

(1981:460) says that:

“Novel is a form of literary work. Novel is normally a prose work of quite some length and complexity, which attempts to reflect and express something of the quality or value of human experience or conduct”.

Therefore, novel creates by authors to represent their life experience that they put in written form. Novel deals with a human character in a social situation, man as a social being. The novel places more emphasis on character, especially one well- rounded character, than on a plot. Another initial major characteristic of the novel is realism—a full and authentic report of human life. Novel as a part of the fiction can be defined as a work of prose fiction which tells story or uses incidents to dramatize human experience and individual character. The term of character can be applied not only in the real world as someone’s identification, but also can be applied in the literature works such as novel. Abrahams (1981:20) declares that:

“Characters are the persons presented in dramatics of narrative work, who are interpreted by reader as being endowed with the moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say and what they do in action”.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Character is one of the important elements for the construction of the works.

By reading a literary work, we often feel sympathy for a character or we may feel unsympathy for another.

2.2.4. Setting

The setting of a novel encompasses a number of different, but linked, elements:

1. Time : day or night; summer or winter; the historical period (an actual date)

2. Place : inside or outside; country or city; specific town or country; real or fictional

3. Social : the mirror characters who take little part in advancing the plot, but

whose presence contributes to the realism of the novel.

Setting will indicate the time and place which are found in both The Great

Gatsby and Belenggu. Here the writer will distinguish the setting in the novel The

Great Gatsby and Belenggu, as well as the writers will distinguish and find the similarities in both the novel and connect with the present.

2.2.5 Point of View

Every story is certainly told by someone that usually called a narrator. Point of view is a device for in narrator to indicate the position from which an action is observed and narrated. An author of a fiction must choose a point of view from which he will narrate his story.

Hamalian (1967:445-447) stated that point of view is a term for who tells the story and how the story gets told. Because it is bound up with the story, point of view could have been in the section on character obviously, and the nature and personality

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA of the narrator will determined in part what is seen and how it is seen. But, because it also bound with knowing how the story gets out, point of view is intimately connected with style.

Point of view direct to the way of the story telling in a novel. It is the way of perception which is used by the author as a device to appear characters, action, setting and many kinds of events which may form the story in a fiction to the readers

Coyle (1998:248)

2.3. Comparative Literature

In studying comparative literature, literary study can be done by taking two of literary works, but these works have different national’s literature. For example,

Indonesian literary work is compared to/with American literary work. Furthermore, if the literary works are taken only from one country or even the regional, it cannot be called comparative literature. Rajali Kasim in his book Sastra Bandingan: Ruang

Lingkup dan Metode says,

“A comparative literature can be said as a study that includes a comparison of literary works of national literary which are different, the relationship between literary works with science, religion, and the works of art, and it also talks about the theory, history, and literary criticism.” (1996: 26) According Wellek and Warren’s states,

“Comparative literature includes the relation between two or more literatures. But this only came at the surface. “Comparative literature” like this only learns about the facts, sources, and influences.” (1977: 46)

It is clear that comparative literature has a major role in comparing every literary works all over the world, not only comparing a literary works; but also learning every social life and cultural elements in the world community. For

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA example, comparing between Woman at Point Zero by Nawal el-Saadawi from

Egypt and Midah: Si Cantik Bergigi Emas by Pramodya Ananta Toer. Both of the novels have the same motif which concern to Feminisms. Egypt and Indonesia have different culture, traditions, and the role of the women in the social community.

Therefore, both of these novels have different struggle for feminism.

Moreover, comparative literature doesn’t only focus on judging for each difference; it focuses on understanding, and seeing the way of development of human mind. Therefore, it can influence and give impact in the social life. According Rajali

Kasim says:

“In one comparative literature study, not all the literature and culture elements in the literary works show the similarities. There are some elements that can be accepted and absorbed and there are some that cannot be accepted. Why one of the elements from outside can be accepted while the others elements is not, what the factors behind the similarities and differences in the literary works are discussed that all need the answer in the study of comparative literature.” (1996: 27)

2.4. Betrayal

As children grow to become adults, they learn from their caregivers and culture what relationships are all about - that is, they acquire theories, or knowledge structures, about relationships and how they work (Baldwin, 1992; Knee, 1998).

Although these lay theories of relational processes may have limited scientific validity, social cognitive research has amply demonstrated the power of such theories to influence laypeople’s perceptions, judgments, and memories, both of relationships in general and of their own relationships in particular ( Fletcher & Fitness, 1996).

When two partners play by the rules and meet each other’s expectations, their relationship runs smoothly, and relatively little emotion, positive or negative, is

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA experienced. However, when relationship partners behave in ways that violate each other’s expectations, there is a “hiccup”, or interruption, to the smooth running of the relationship and the scene is set for an emotional interaction between the partners

(Berscheid, 1983). In particular, the partner whose expectations have been violated must attend to the situation and decide what it means in relation to his or her needs, concerns, and goals (Fitness & Strongman, 1991; Lazarus, 1992).

The lies and denials that are used to cover-up a transgression can do much more damage than the violation itself. Even if the lie is never uncovered and the offense is not revealed, there can still be great harm done to the foundation of the relationship. Trust is inevitably sacrificed even when secrets go undetected. Most but not all betrayals and acts of deceit can be healed. While there is no generic template to apply to these situations, there are some guidelines that can facilitate the recovery process.

The key to betrayal, then, lies in relationship knowledge structures - people’s theories, beliefs, and expectations about how relationships in general, and their own relationships in particular, should work - and also in people’s trust that their partners will share, or at least respect, those beliefs and meet those expectations (Elangovan

& Shapiro, 1998 in Fitness: An Interpersonal Script Approach). Indeed, trust is integral to betrayal because of its intimate connection with relational expectations.

In this thesis, betrayal that reveal in the novels is betrayal in the househould.

So betrayal that happens is about a husband, a wife, the third person while they have a big role and influences which they not concern between them.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1. Research Design

In this study, the writer uses a descriptive qualitative method. A descriptive qualitative method produces descriptive data in the form of the written words in the both of the novels. As Meleong (2005:6) stated:

“The qualitative research is research to understand the phenomena about what is experienced by the subject study, for example is behavior, perceptions, motivation, the action, and others, in holistic, and by the description ways of in the form of words and language, in a special context of nature and by using various methods of nature”.

This qualitative research is also an inductive approach to the preparation of knowledge that uses research and emphasizes the subjectivity as well as the meaning of the experience for the individual. This study method is chosen by the writer to disclose the facts of the betrayal happened in the novel.

3.2. Data Collecting

In the collection of data in this study, the writer uses the primary data which is contained in the both of the novels to prove of betrayal in the both of these novels.

For comparative method in this research emphasis on differences of cultural, the nation, society system, and relations in the household.

All the data of this step are obtained after the writer reads and understands the contents of both of these novels. The writer chooses character, setting, point ov view, theme and plot in exposing a betrayal portrayed of the main characters. In this

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA case, the main characters perform some acts that can change the direction of one's life.

3.3. Data Analysis

After the writer has finished reading and collecting the data contained in the both of these novels, the writer analyzes the data based on the facts which are appeared in the both of the novels to conduct a comparison.

First, the writer re-reads to make sure every data obtained in accordance with both of the novels. This step leads the writer in revealing the motives of a betrayal itself. Furthermore the writer examines every data and associates it with a variety of events that occur in both novels. In this case, the writer applies the characters, setting, and plot to uncover the motives of the main characters and motivations in doing affair. Moreover, the writer continues to the next stage of analysis and compares these novels, The Great Gatsby and Belenggu. In this stage, the writer analyzes the data by considering culture, events, motives, ambitions, and the various influences that exist in the stories. Finally the writer shows the differences as well as similarities that would later on conclude at the end of this research.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Below is the flowchart of research design:

Researcher

Reading the two novels for Collecting data base on books,

collecting the data: The Great journal, and articles which Comparative Literature and Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Betrayal portrayed which and Belenggu by Armijn Pane Character, Setting, point of view, theme and Plot

Classifying the data base on the both of the novels and books, journal, and articles for Comparative Literature and Betrayal portrayed which Character, Setting, point of view, theme and Plot

Re-read the two novels, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Belenggu by Armijn Pane

Interpreting the data based on motif: Betrayal, by taking the

quotations

Analyzing the data and compare the data between novel The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald and Belenggu by Armijn Pane

Concluding REFERENCESand summarizing

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Betrayal in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was published in late 1925 in New

York City, USA. In this novel, Fitzgerald shows a lot of betrayal, and themes including wealth, greed, and the most vivid one is betrayal. It shows great wealth, partying, jazz music and many other aspects of the “American Dream”. Betrayal can upset people and ruin many people’s life. Betrayal is demonstrated throughout the entire novel with a lot of causes. Betrayal plays an important role in F. Scott

Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby. There are three characters commited betrayal, the first one is Daisy who did betrayal with Gatsby, and Daisy betrays Tom, the second one is Tom betrays his wife Daisy, and Tom has a relationship with Martyle, the third one is Martyle who betrayed her husband, George Wilson and Gatsby as the main character is betraying himself.

4.1.1 Daisy’s Betrayal

Daisy is Tom’s wife, and Daisy has betrayal. She betrays on Tom with

Gatsby, and before that Daisy betrays Gatsby when she is still young. The fisrt betrayal that Daisy did it is leaving Gatsby for getting married with Tom because

Gatsby go for war and Daisy accepts Tom for marrying her with many treasures. The second betrayal is Daisy betrays Tom it is because Tom has betrayal with the other woman and it also because Gatsby come into Daisy’s life again. When Daisy visit

Gatsby’s house, Daisy so amazed with Gatsby’s achievement, and that all have

Daisy’s attention.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Daisy admired this aspect or that of the feudal silhouette against the sky, admired the gardens, the sparkling odor of jonquils and the frothy odor of hawthorn and plum blossoms and the pale gold odor of kiss-me-atthe-gate. (Pg.97)

Daisy and I think he revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes. Sometimes, too, he stared around at his possessions in a dazed way as though in her actual and astounding presence none of it was any longer real. (Pg.98)

Meanwhile, Daisy lives in comfort and luxury life that is never stopped.

Daisy is a perfect woman, she has everything and favored by many men. In the past, when Gatsby is still in US Soldiers, the perfection that is owned by Daisy has captured his attention. For Daisy, Gatsby is a perfect man that can please her and for

Gastby, the innocence and beauty of Daisy is the most beautiful, and Gatsby has to get Daisy as soon as possible because Gatsby knows that it is difficult to have Daisy because they are in different social status.

Daisy slowly starts to lose faith in humanity and starts to see the world as a bad place. She wishes for her daughter not to see the world as a bad place. She hopes for her daughter to grow up naïve and clueless. She wishes her to see the world as a happy place and not the reality and cruel place. When she says “I hope she’ll be a fool – that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.” Tom’s betrayal made Daisy think this way. Nothing good came of Tom’s betrayal. It caused

Daisy to change her whole outlook on life and impacted her in a very negative way.

When you cheat on someone you love nothing good can come and this is proved in

Tom’s betrayal.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA He knew that Daisy was extraordinary but he didn’t realize just how extraordinary a ‘nice’ girl could be. She vanished into her rich house, into her rich, full life, leaving Gatsby—nothing. He felt married to her that was all. (Pg.159)

When Gatsby goes to war in Europe, it makes Daisy broken hearted. The war that took for years makes Daisy confused with the fate of their love until Tom come to marry her. Tom marry Daisy by offering luxury remarkable. Daisy is not able to avert it because Daisy knows that her love with Gatsby will not last long.

After five years married, Dasiy and tom live in a lie and luxury. Becoming a

Tom’s wife, Daisy continues to feel that she is a beautiful woman who is stupid. It is because Daisy knows that she cannot do anything to continue defying Tom behavior which never stops doing a betrayal with another woman. It makes Daisy feel that she is a victim of her own husband, and Daisy feels if her betrayal with Gatsby is what she wants to continue keeping up the pace to be recompense over what has been exercised by her husband. This explains if Daisy also has what to be possessed by her husband.

Although Daisy seems to have found love in her reunion with Gatsby, she has the others considerations in her love in her mind. First, she knows Tom quite well that he has had betrayal for years. Maybe it is not motivate her to get back at him by having an affair of her own. Next, Daisy's response to Gatsby's wealth, especially his shirts, For Daisy (and Gatsby too, for that matter) the shirts represent wealth and means.

Daisy's desire to live together with Gatsby is more powerful. When Daisy knows that Gatsby has built his dream successfully, Daisy is fascinated by that which belongs to Gatsby and Gatsby know that Daisy will be fond of what he has achieved

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA for it because Gatsby knows that Daisy is a description of luxury and Gatsby is closer to the purpose of his dream.

That was it. I’d never understood before. It was full of money—that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals’ song of it…. High in a white palace the king’s daughter, the golden girl….(Pg.128)

When Daisy bows her head and sobs into the shirts in Gatsby’s house, she is displaying her interest in material. She doesn't cry because she has been reunited with Gatsby. She cries because of the pure satisfaction all of his material wealth brings her. He has become a fitting way in which to get back at Tom. When Tom and

Gatsby have their altercation at the hotel in Chapter 7, Daisy's motivations are called into question: Her inability to deny having loved Tom speaks well for her, but at the same time, it suggests that her attachment to Gatsby has been purely business. Tom also knows that after Daisy realizes Gatsby is not of their same social circles, she will return to Tom for the comfort and protection that his money and power bring.

4.1.2 Tom’s Betrayal

Tom is ignoring the sanctity of their marriage and having betrayal with a woman who is also married. Tom is now destroying everything he and Daisy has built together. They have a child together and this betrayal could potentially tear their family apart. Tom’s disloyal and guilt free ways allows him to have betrayal without feeling any regret. Tom’s betrayal caused Daisy to see nothing wrong with her betraying Tom.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Meanwhile Tom Buchanan, a man who has what he wants because he has everything. The problem is he cannot be satisfied with one woman. Tom Buchanan becomes a famous not only because of his wealth from sport field, but also because of his wildness toward beautiful woman. He is not even satisfied with Daisy’s beauty.

The fact that he had one was insisted upon wherever he was known. His acquaintances resented the fact that he turned up in popular restaurants with her and, leaving her at a table, sauntered about, chatting with whomsoever he knew. (Pg.27)

Tom always feels proud of his accomplishments in getting women he wants, because he knows that if he is capable of it. He can make his women happy and he feels like he is the ruler of the world.

Tom is a person that loves Daisy. And to be a husband for Daisy, Tom is very dominated in Daisy life, and this opportunity is used by Tom to doing a ‘little journey’, anything that Tom’s did, just for him. This ‘little journey’, is for having fun with Tom mistress, she is Martyle Wilson.

4.1.3 Martyle’s Betrayal

Martyle Wilson, a wife of a poor man, is Tom’s mistress in New York City.

She is a beautiful woman who loves luxury things. Tom loves her so much, and Tom does not care that Martyle is his friend’s wife, George Wilson. Tom madness continues to keep away and eliminate Daisy’s love against him, as well as Daisy who does not care Tom’s behavior who keeps betraying her.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Martyle as the third person, as a wife of a poor man, feels dissatisfied with her life, Martyle wants more luxury things, and she realized that she is not with the right person, her husband cannot meet her desire for the things.

‘I married him because I thought he was a gentleman,’ she said finally. ‘I thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe.’(Pg.38)

‘The only CRAZY I was when I married him. I knew right away I made a mistake. He borrowed somebody’s best suit to get married in and never even told me about it, and the man came after it one day when he was out. She looked around to see who was listening: ‘ ‘Oh, is that your suit?’ I said. ‘This is the first I ever heard about it.’ But I gave it to him and then I lay down and cried to beat the band all afternoon.’(Pg.38)

Martyle is unhappy with her own husband and she no longer appreciates her own husband. This is because Martyle is a people that always want the classy things, something that can raise her social status and her husband cannot give it to her. This is why Martyle meets and develops love with Tom. For Martyle, Meet and loving

Tom is the gift by God, because she knows that life does not stand forever, and the pleasure cannot be achieved if she ignores him.

Martyle feels that she is a victim by her husband; Martyle continues to live as

Tom’s mistress. Being Tom’s mistress is the best thing for her instead of living as a poor wife to her poor husband. Martyle believes that her hope will happen, although she knows it very difficult to accomplish, because Martyle will never leave Tom.

Marytle believes in Tom as well Gatsby believe in Daisy. While Tom relations with Daisy is also very good as they are good in hiding their betrayal. Both have betrayal but have different motives. It makes their households so unique. There

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA is no background to definite why Tom has many mistresses and for Daisy, Tom's behavior has worsened it. While Daisy background to love Gatsby because Gatsby is her old lover which Gatsby also has a large desire to have Daisy. Their love is getting strong. Although Daisy has a husband, it does not make Gatsby gives up.

4.1.4 Gatsby as a Victim of Daisy’s Love

Jay Gatsby, a poor man, a man who has the willingness and struggle to obtain his dreams, a man that has an ambition, a man that lives from the point zero. He is

Jay Gatsby that finally gets his dream, money, wealth, and luxury which are the things that are sought by those who has the ambitions as big as him. But the only thing that he has not gotten and he has not belonged, a woman that he loves so much, a beautiful rich popular woman, she is Daisy Buchanan.

In 1922, in which this novel The Great Gatsby was written by F. Scott

Fitzgerald, was the year of an economic boom in the United States. The year of birth for the new rich people, the higher buildings, mansions, and the stock market grows as piles of money, and of course, Gatsby is the one of them.

The luxury life and the wealth that he got from his hard work, made Gatsby an intense, closed, as well as a mystery in the community of New York City. Who is

Jay Gatsby? Where does his wealth come from? What for he sets up the luxurious party? And of course what kind of business he runs? A mystery is surrounding his name. As we have known, Gatsby was a poor man; even his family name is not recognized by the people. It does no matter, and the most important one is his dreams comes true.

Meanwhile Jay Gatsby is betraying himself. Growing up Jay always tried to become a better man. After Gatsby died his dad found a list of things he had made to

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA improve himself day by day. Gatsby is capable of many great things he instead did what would make other people happy with him. His dream was to be with the girl he loves most. Every wrong choice, Gatsby made was made in the intentions of impressing Daisy or doing what other people wanted of him. He was a bootlegger, and he would throw extravagant parties using the bootlegged booze hoping for Daisy to be impressed. Gatsby wanted nothing more than to turn back time to when he and

Daisy were in love. Its nothing, trouble came of Gatsby’s pursuit of Daisy. He wasted time betray Daisy and only betray himself. Gatsby’s betrayal of himself led to his own death. Instead of doing great things and following his plan he took the blame for one of Daisy’s big mistakes, which led to his down fall.

Gatsby is a smart man, his strong commitment makes him a great man and he almost deprives of moral values, no matter what business he runs, and no matter whether Daisy has a husband, however it is, because Gatsby beliaves in him self.

Gatsby’s ambition is not restricted just to build his own little kingdom, there are so many lies, shrewdness, and a bigger love which is sitting in Gatsby’s mind, one of them is to buy a beautiful castle across the bay of Daisy and her husband. Gatsby’s house is right confront Daisy’s House, and for Gatsby, his dreams come closer, move closer to him that he can gain it, and it moves closer to him to be possessed, through the green light that he could feel like Daisy has always in his heart and his mind.

Gatsby ambitions must be perfect, until he has to leave his poor parents because he thinks that they are not one of the part of the imagination and ambition that he will build in, until it will continue to destroy his lustrous, until he get his satisfaction with the paradise in the world.

However glorious might be his future as Jay Gatsby, he was at present a penniless young man without a past, and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA at any moment the invisible cloak of his uniform might slip from his shoulders. So he made the most of his time. He took what he could get, ravenously and unscrupulously—eventually he took Daisy one still October night, took her because he had no real right to touch her hand. (Pg.159)

Everything in his mind is only for Daisy. For him, Daisy is just like a drug that continues to undermine the gloomy of his life, although his hopes for Daisy will arise and manage the five years ago to marry Daisy, because he believes that he can repeat the days as in the five years ago, when they are enjoying a beautiful love each other.

Because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything. He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion, adding to it all the time, decking it out with every bright feather that drifted his way. No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart. (Pg.103)

For Gatsby, the wealth is the most important thing to get Daisy; because he is aware that Daisy is an expensive woman that is living with luxury that she got since she was born. So, wealth is the requirements that are obliged to get Daisy back. This indicator shows us how the wealth has a big role to play in the society of the United

States, we can learn through the economic system (capitalist) which is adopted by the

United States. This case classifies people in every society class, the poor are those who have no opportunity in live, in the economic pressures, and the middle are those who live to taste with few possessions, and the top are those who live to control the world and the luxury for sake of status, dignity, pleasure, and power which are not limited. And this is what reflected in Gatsby’s world that he has to win.

So, with the money that Gatsby have, Gatsby can do anything that he wants like sets up the great party for they who a popular person in any profession. But the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA only party that Gatsby sets up, just for getting Daisy attention, this purpose just has one purpose that is just for getting Daisy attention.

‘I think he half expected her to wander into one of his parties, some night,’ went on Jordan, ‘but she never did. Then he began asking people casually if they knew her, and I was the first one he found. It was that night he sent for me at his dance, and you should have heard the elaborate way he worked up to it. (Pg.85)

A betrayal which occurred between Tom with Martyle and Daisy with Gatsby has proved that Tom loves other women besides Daisy, and Daisy has a betrayal with

Gatsby because Daisy is fed up with Tom's behavior. As a couple, Tom and Daisy have been unsuccessful in establishing their trust. As a result, it is easy for a third person to destroy their households.

Daisy's relation with Gatsby is having bad consequences for both. If Daisy stays together with Gatsby, Daisy need to take a break with Tom but Tom also loved

Daisy, and Gatsby wants for both parting as soon as possible. When Tom knows

Daisy and Gatsby's relations, Tom wants to show that he is appropriate for Daisy and

Tom promise to be a good husband but Gatsby tries to make a statement if Daisy loves Gatsby and he will protect Daisy.

‘Your wife doesn’t love you,’ said Gatsby. ‘She’s never loved you. She loves me.’ ‘You must be crazy!’ exclaimed Tom automatically. ‘She never loved you, do you hear?’ he cried. ‘She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me. It was a terrible mistake, but in her heart she never loved anyone except me!’ (Pg.139)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA But Daisy is not being able to deny that she ever loved Tom. That is why

Daisy wants to marry Tom. In this case, Gatsby is very confident that Daisy does not love Tom again, and Gatsby wants to prove that Daisy wanted to leave Tom. But

Tom refuse all Gatsby and Daisy's charges and Tom also wants to prove that he was able to and can make Daisy happy.

‘I never loved him,’ Daisy said, with perceptible reluctance. ‘Not at Kapiolani?’ demanded Tom suddenly. ‘No.’ Daisy ‘Not that day I carried you down from the Punch Bowl to keep your shoes dry?’ (Pg.141) “But all the rest of that’s a God Damned lie. Daisy loved me when she married me and she loves me now.’ Tom (Pg.140)

Proof of Tom's love to Daisy is Tom win against Gatsby who want to ruin their household. Then, Daisy has to be faced by the fact that she must choose between Tom and Gatsby. This decision makes Daisy confused and tries to evade because Daisy will be difficult to leave Tom, and choose Gatsby is also not a good choice because Daisy felt that by loving Gatsby is more than enough.

‘Oh, you want too much!’ she cried to Gatsby. ‘I love you now—isn’t that enough? I can’t help what’s past.’ She began to sob helplessly. ‘I did love him once—but I loved you too.’ (Pg.141)

Here Daisy betray Gatsby. Daisy always knew how Gatsby felt about her but never took an interest to him. Her feelings began to change for him once she realized his wealth. Daisy led Gatsby to believe she loved him again and that they would be together forever, when Tom confronted Gatsby about the betrayal the truth came out.

Gatsby accused Daisy of never loving Tom but Daisy admitted that this was not true.

Daisy told Gatsby of her love for Tom she says “I did love him once” Gatsby was

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA shocked to hear that and he grew the feeling of betrayal towards Daisy. Gatsby was under the impression that Daisy loved him all along. After this incident Daisy ignored Gatsby and no longer came to visit. She betrayed him by completely cutting him out of her life while leading him to believe she was In love with him again.

The quotation above indicates that Daisy chooses Tom and Daisy express that it cannot change the past to be with Gatsby again and this has broken Gatsby's hope.

Basically Gatsby has a large hope in Daisy to live together and to love, no more.

He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: ‘I never loved you.’ After she had obliterated three years with that sentence they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken. One of them was that, after she was free, they were to go back to Louisville and be married from her house—just as if it were five years ago. (Pg.118)

And for Tom, wins from Gatsby is the proof that Daisy still love him, and

Tom will give his word to take care Daisy better.

“And what’s more, I love Daisy too. Once in a while I go off on a spree and make a fool of myself, but I always come back, and in my heart I love her all the time.’ (Pg.140)

Between Tom and Gatsby, Daisy thought that by loving Gatsby is already enough and Daisy wants Tom to be better. Unfortunately, Gatsby does not satisfy with Daisy's decision. Gatsby still expects that Daisy changes her mind and wants to leave Tom for him, and all that hope is almost lost because Gatsby immersed in ambition and his dreams about Daisy.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ‘I’m going to fix everything just the way it was before,’ he said, nodding determinedly. ‘She’ll see.’ Gatsby (Pg.118)

Hope is the only one that Gatsby owned, and Daisy as the party that contested, is a victim of man's love, a victim of Tom that keeps having betrayal and the victims of Gatsby ambition that is transformed into an obsession. In the meantime, Gatsby incense from Daisy love, and all of which experienced Gatsby is part of Daisy's love.

The complexity of a love story between Tom, Daisy and Gatsby has destroyed

Martyle and Gatsby's love. Martyle was a victim of her husband who is poor, and

Martyle is also a victim by Tom. As a result, Martyle become the party that is most compensation, she is betrayed and abandoned and not recognized by Tom. Until

Martyle were killed due to hit accidentally by Daisy. Martyle was used as an excuse by Tom to accuse Gatsby to be the killer, which makes Martyle husband, George

Wilson revenge on Gatsby, and eventually kills Gatsby and himself.

Gatsby eventually lost to Tom. He has lost what he was possesses, money,

Daisy, and his life. While Daisy withdrew from Gatsby since she does not repeat the past as Gatsby expected, and Tom gets back of being a successful in a life that he wants. Meanwhile Martyle and George Wilson is killed as the victims by Tom and

Daisy.

And the motive in this novel is betrayal between the characters of having his own. Tom betrayal with Martyle because Tom wants to have woman other than Daisy and also because Martyle wish of happiness that she had not have from her husband, that is money. While Daisy betrayal with Gatsby because they ever has a special

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA relationship and Gatsby who want to have Daisy. Gatsby also has ambitions to have a lot of money, because money is main capital to have Daisy.

We could see that materialism becomes very important factor, because of the money make Tom can have many women that he wants, because of the money Gatsby dare to seize Dasiy, because of the money Martyle willingly betray with Tom, and the money gives an extensive impact. We could see that citizens of the United States in the 1925s to be people oriented on the money, and this affects to Fitzgerald in writing this novel.

In addition, this is also a result of growing the American economy made the citizens compete in terms of development, so the life luxurious have a requirement for show status social someone. This is described in Tom, Gatsby, and Daisy, they have representing what is called ‘American Dream’.

Among various physical accomplishments, had been one of the most powerful ends that ever played football at New Haven—a national figure in a way, one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterward savors of anti-climax. His family was enormously wealthy—but now he’d left Chicago and come east in a fashion that rather took your breath away. (Pg.8)

The one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard—it was a factual imitation of some Hôtel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn and garden. It was Gatsby’s mansion. Or rather, as I didn’t know Mr. Gatsby it was a mansion inhabited by a gentleman of that name. My own house was an eye-sore, but it was a small eye-sore, and it had been overlooked, (Pg.7)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2 Betrayal in Belenggu by Armijn Pane

In the novel Belenggu byArmijn Pane which was published in 1940 in

Indonesia, Kartono as the main character has a betrayal with Rohayah as the third person, because Kartono’s wife, Tini cannot to be a good wife cause Tini has a reason to do that and also she is disappointed.

4.4.1 Tini’s Betrayal

Tini is Kartono’s wife. Tini is a beautiful woman, Tini commit betrayal when she is still young. The first Tini’s betrayal is she said that she cannot to be a good wife for Kartono when they will get married, and the second is Tini’s betray Kartono when they in a marriage, as a modern women, Tini is not women who weak towards men. Although Kartono is her husband, Tini just do not care into roles of wife which attached to herself. Tini's cold attitude continue to show the changes and this change is that would make kartono avoid Tini.

Tini has a reason which proves that Tini is a woman not easily to be governed, and Kartono believes that his love to Tini will leach Tini’s hearts.

However, that thing is changing, Kartono is busy with his work, getting away from

Tini and getting harder for kartono to have Tini’s love.

"Indeed ... Haven’t I already said before?, ah, a man is easy to forget, not remember what I said before, I am merely a friend, I was not able to put love you, now, now that we're married, it is the male greedy, he rememberes only for his favorite course, you expect my love, you want to thank me, you want to be spoiled as my dear husband. If you know me first, really know, not know-know it, you also know, there must know, ... in my heart cold as ice, "(Pg.61)

“Memang,… bukan sudah aku katakan dahulu, ah, laki- laki mudah lupa, tiada ingat kukatakan dahulu, aku dapat

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA cuma menjadi teman saja, aku tiada dapat menaruh cinta padamu, sekarang, sekarang kita sudah kawin, memang laki-laki loba, kesukaannya saja yang diingatnya, engkau mengharapkan cintaku, engkau hendak ku puji, engkau hendak dimanjakan sebagai suami yang tersayang. Kalau engkau mengenal aku dahulu, benar-benar kenal, bukan kenal-kenal saja, engkau pun tahu, mestilah tahu,… di dalam hatiku dingin, seperti es,” (Hal.61)

4.2.2 Kartono’s Betrayal

Kartono is a good doctor and favored by many people. Becoming a doctor in a big city like Jakarta has made Kartono very busy and spend most of his time outside the house. That kind of thing is what makes his wife, Tini, feels so jealous.

As a good husband, Kartono always wanted to spend his spare time with his wife but

Kartono works always make him very busy and Kartono considers his job as his main priority.

Tini does not like Kartono's job because Tini feels lonely due to have been left all alone in their house. Her loneliness makes Tini feels so tired and disappointed to Kartono. Tini's attitude changes toward Kartono. Tini's change attitude become even more obvious when Tini is having activity and does not care at all towards

Kartono. This makes Tini feels free and equals to man, especially Kartono as her husband.

“Isn’t my husband also going alone? Why would I not be? What's the difference?" (Pg.53) “Bukankah lakiku juga pergi sendirian? Mengapa aku tiada boleh? Apakah bedanya?” (Hal.53)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Kartono feels the insurgency is done by Tini. As a husband, Kartono always wants to be cared by Tini. Kartono wants Tini to do her duty as a wife and obey every command because Kartono feels that it had become the obligation for a wife to serve her husband. Kartono feels Tini only want their rights just as a wife, and

Kartono disappointed when tini have failed becoming a good wife.

Now, woman wants equal rights with men. What we are going equated. The rights of women are taking care of her husband, taking care of the household. Now women just ask the right clever. When her husband comes home from work, she really likes him, but she forgets to invite her husband to sit, let detachable shoes. Do not you know women, when she knelt before her husband would take off his shoes; is not that a sign of love, a sign of the faithful? What are more women's rights, other than giving the hearts of men? (Pg.16)

Perempuan sekarang hendak sama haknya dengan kaum laki-laki. Apa yang hendak disamakan. Hak perempuan ialah mengurus anak suaminya, mengurus rumah tangga. Perempuan sekarang Cuma meminta hak saja pandai. Kalau suaminya pulang dari kerja, benar dia suka menyambutnya, tetapi ia lupa mengajak suaminya duduk, biar ditanggalkan sepatunya. Tak tahukah perempuan sekarang, kalau dia bersimpuh dihadapan suaminya akan menanggalkan sepatunya, bukankah itu tanda kasih, tanda setia? Apa lagi hak perempuan, lain dari memberi hati pada laki-laki? (Hal.16)

Kartono relations with Tini has worsened due to the lack of kindness to repair their households. The rift of Kartono and Tini households is caused by bad communication, no more honesty, no more attention, and responsibilities as husband and wife. This has resulted in them which are looking for entertainment out of the house because both of them want to live happy without any argument between husband and wife. Kartono is excited with his job, and Tini is busy with her activities in the community.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Siti Rohayah is a Keroncong singer, and Rohayah is a woman who wants more from man, Rohayah wants good men, polite, and affectionate, and man that she wanted is in Kartono. When the first met with Kartono, Rohayah use her other name, namely Miss Eni. Miss Eni pretending to be ill that Kartono want to come to cure her. Miss Eni has been in love with Kartono when they were neighbor in Bandung but Kartono had forgotten. Rohayah has ambition to have Kartono's heart. Finally, she can have Kartono. It started when Rohayah gives her address and wait for

Kartono that want to come over and love him.

“I has move to Gang Baru No.24. If you pass away on there, please you come to my house, your old patient.” (Pg.32)

Saya sudah pindah ke Gang Baru No.24. Kalau tuan dokter kebetulan melintas disana, sukalah mampir dirumah saya, bekas pasien tuan dokter.” (Hal.32)

Kartono’s relation with Rohayah become better, and Kartono often visit

Rohayah after treating his patients. Kartono's love on Rohayah is getting bigger when Kartono feels that each of his visits are always welcomed by Rohayah, like a wife. Rohayah is always serves Kartono with love, undoubtedly, released his shoes, giving a drink and serve every Kartono's desire is the best thing that Rohayah do. All the things that have done by Rohayah speech better than Kartono, because Kartono aware of his wants which is he never got from Tini, instead he got from Rohayah, his betrayer.

"I've dreamed it would be this way" "True Well, I'm here, in this house, I calmed down, lost my mind" (Pg.35) Kartono feels as though he achieved his goal, and happiness appears in his heart because it keeps that way. Such has been long awaited later. (Pg.33)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Just one thing he knows is true, in the house well; see well, her calm, satisfied. (Pg. 41)

“Sudah lama aku bermimpi akan begini” “Benar Yah, kalau aku disini, di rumah kita ini, aku tenang, hilang pikiranku” (hal.35) “Sekarang baru kesampaian” (Hal.34) Kartono merasa seolah-olah tercapai cita-citanya, merasa bahagia didalam hatinya karena dipelihara demikian. Yang demikian sudah lama dinanti-nantinya. (Hal.33) Cuma satu saja yang dia tahu benar, di rumah Yah, melihat Yah, hatinya tenang, merasa puas. (Hal.4)

With the good behavior shown from Rohayah, Kartono is more comfortable to live and stay around at Rohayah’a house, because Kartono feels that what Kartono gets must be defended. It different when Kartono thinks about Tini, and Kartono compare between Rohayah with Tini. This keeps Kartono think and assume that

Rohayah is better than Tini, his own wife.

"Why Tini is different than Yah? And different way? Why Tini wants to follow her desire if something has no different to anything else "(Pg.124) Accompanied by Tini has no change the ideas, always debating, and quipped-cheek. Debating often, so there is no empty space. (Pg.39)

“Mengapa Tini lain dari Yah? Bahkan berlawanan benar? Mengapa Tini hendak berkemauan sendiri, kalau sesuatu hal tidak ada bedanya dengan hal lain” (Hal.124) Dengan Tini tiada dapat bertukar pikiran, bersoal jawab, sindir-menyindir. Bersoal jawab sering juga, yaitu berbantah, untuk perubahan, biar jangan diam terus- menerus. (Hal.39)

A betrayal that is done by Kartono constantly changes his attitudes and his feelings. His attitude in Tini is getting away, and his feelings to Tini are getting empty. However, Kartono ever loves Tini, and Kartono still hopes Tini can change, although Kartono knows that it will be hard done by Tini. Kartono is trying to create

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA a good conditions of his households with Tini, by talking and make a decision, and the result is nothing, Tini says to Kartono:

"Why is going to be that stupid? You already I gave remember earlier you will regret in the future, I would not have taken, but did not believe it, but the lord's servant was about to win upfront person, perhaps, because you love tenderly, delirious, ah, ah, thought you male, you're smart, brains, but it is really a fool, like a raging bull as handled rake "(Pg.62)

“Mengapa hendak sebodoh itu? Engkau sudah kuberi ingat lebih dahulu engkau akan menyesal di kemudian hari, jangan aku diambil, tetapi tidak percaya, tetapi tuan hamba hendak menang dimuka orang, barangkali juga, karena engkau cinta mesra, lupa daratan, ah, ah, sangka kamu laki-laki, kamu pintar, berotak, tetapi sebenarnya bebal, seperti kerbau yang mengamuk karena diusik-usik” (Hal.62)

This changes are seen by Tini and kartono best friends, especially Mrs.

Rusdio who want to preach to Tini not too often to go out of the house and must be better in caring her husband. The good impression by Mrs. Rusdio are also rejected by Tini, because Tini feels what she did was not something wrong and reasonable.

Tini argument turned into ego because Tini finds that she was a victim of her husband attitude which rarely go back home. Mrs. Rusdio cannot resent it yet and

Mrs. Rusdio give suggestions to make Tini change the coldness of her heart and jealousy because Mrs. Rusdio says to Tini that as the wife of a doctor, she must be able to keep the good name of her household.

"Listen to me first. Mother distinguishes women and men. That is the principal different understanding of old mothers and women now "(Pg.53)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Dengarlah dahulu. Ibu membedakan perempuan dan laki- laki. Itulah pokok perbedaan paham kaum ibu dan kami perempuan sekarang” (Hal.53)

Mrs. Rusdio tries to convince Tini. Mrs. Rusdio think that as a wife, Tini should not be too often to go out of the house because is not very well to others point view. Mrs. Rusdio is a woman who still revere the housewife principle, women who has husband that must be serving husband, and life to serve to their families which were lead by husband. That kind of thinking cannot be accepted by Tini. Tini is having her own initiative. Tini wants to be free like her husband. Tini is not able to accept what Mrs. Rusdio suggested because Tini feels instead of women than most women living under the power of their husband.

"Indeed Madam! Our way of thinking is different. I also have my own desire. I know your desire that I have to follow my husband. It is not like that madam. We have our own desire. If he goes alone, Will I not be allowed to go alone? "(Pg.53) "Eh, as property, we powder and dress in clean, dry out once a year. Waiting until the husband likes to bring out. "" We have another, we guided our own destiny, no one wants to await the mercy of men."(Pg.53)

“Memang ibu! Jalan pikiran kita berlainan. Aku manusia juga yang berkemauan sendiri. Kalau menurut pendapat ibu, kemauanku mesti tunduk kepada kemauan suamiku. Bukan ibu, bukankah demikian? Kami masing-masing berkemauan sendiri-sendiri. Kalau dia pergi seorang diri, tiada boleh pergi seorang diri menyenangkan hatiku?” (Hal.53)

“Eh, sebagai barang simpanan, berbedak dan berpakaian bersih-bersih, sekali setahun dijemur diluar. Menanti suami sampai suka membawa keluar.” “Kami lain, kami bimbing nasib kami sendiri, tiada hendak menanti rahmat laki-laki.”(Hal.53)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Kartono feels that Tini could no longer be a good wife. Kartono's love against

Tini is getting weaker and Kartono avoids Tini more often. Tini also feels the same.

Tini is no longer care to kartono. Tini just wants to make herself busy without thinking on and serving Kartono because Tini already feels bored with the condition of her household that is no longer harmonious. With Tini's various activity that often spend outside the house, it set a bad precedent for Kartono of its own because Tini never tells all her activity to Kartono.

"My wife has her own life. In the past, when she wants to go somewhere, she always says before, if I am not in the house, she leaves a letter. Now I do not know. They say the meaning of the marriage is a shared mind, shared purpose, apparently after marriage, unlike understood, every single person has their own life"(Pg.37)

“Istriku hidup sendiri. dahulu kalau hendak kemana-mana selalu dikatakannya dahulu, kalau aku tiada di rumah ditinggalkannya surat mengatakan kemana dia. Sekarang entahlah. Kata orang kawin itu pikiran, bersatu tujuan, rupanya setelah menikah, berlainan paham juga, masing- masing hidup sendiri” (Hal.37)

As a doctor, Kartono is a gentle person, and Kartono do not hope anything from Tini. Kartono does not interfere all Tini's activities so that Tini also get the freedom that she wanted. Anyway, Kartono keeps trying to change Tini to forgive his work and become a better wife but all are resisted by Tini,

"Indeed, why not?you allow to come out, why not me? What’s the difference you and me? Shall I quietly sat become Miss Telephone guard anywhere near the phone? I do not want to get married to be a slave, order to maintain the phone. Why that many housekeepers here? " (Pg.62)

“Memang, mengapa pula tidak? enkau boleh keluar, mengapa aku tidak? apa bedanya engkau dan aku?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Mestikah aku diam-diam duduk menjadi nona penjaga telefon dekat-dekat telepon? Aku kawin bukan hendak menjadi budak suruh-suruhanmu menjaga telepon. Buat apa bujang sebanyak itu di sini?” (Hal.62)

Tini's stubbornness towards Kartono has fought Kartono's feeling to avoid

Tini. This is what makes Kartono feel bored at home because Tini always show the cold attitude and full of jealousy,

Tini is in the middle of the way, her soul is closed, locked, the hidden thoughts are in the deepest of her life. Tini is like a volcano with so many unpleasant feelings! (Pg.67) "The house is made like a hell, she himself enters into hercamp, there he was soaking" (Pg.128)

Tini gelap, pintu jiwanya tertutup, dikuncinya, kesimpulan pikiran yang hidup tersembunyi dalam dirinya. Tini gunung berapi yang banyak tingkah! (Hal.67) “Rumah ini dibuatnya neraka, dia sendiri masuk ke dalam kubu hatinya, di sana dia berendam” (Hal.128)

Kartono realizes that all his efforts to leach Tini’s hearts is wasted, and

Kartono is getting confused with his feelings, how he loves Tini, why Tini wants to marry him, it becomes the questions which cannot be answered by himself.

He believes in tini before? or pretends to believe? Because he wants to make Tini as his wife, to prove he wins? Non sense. Does Tini love with him? It’s wrong decision? Tini actually loves him? Not wrong, cannot be false. But why she say she has not love? Why do she just talking own? (Pg.64)

Dia percaya akan Tini dahulu? ataukah pura-pura percaya? Karena ingin menjadikan Tini istrinya, untuk bukti dia menang? Entahlah. Bukankah Tini cinta kepadanya? Salahkah dugaannya? Tini memang cinta? Tidak salah, tidak dapat salah. Tetapi mengapakah katanya dia tiada cinta? Mengapakah dia menggrendeng saja? (Hal.64)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA When Hartono comes, as Kartono’s friend, and ex-boyfriend of Tini when they are at a college in Bandung, Hartono secretly meets Tini, but Tini does not love

Hartono anymore, and Tini also wants to talk about her household. While Hartono tries to give the suggestions to make Tini fix her households with Kartono.

"Because his ... affection makes me fearful, indecisive, my heart is withered, become tangled in my heart withered, became tangled in my heart grow hollow .... Nothing can I give her, other than mere sand, desert, desert, no affection shelter, ....Though why he needs. Affection…. No nothing, me, I'm empty ...."(Pg.116)

“Karena dialah… kasih sayangnya membuat aku takut, bimbang, hatiku layu, menjadi kusut di dalam hatiku layu, menjadi kusut di dalam hatiku bertambah hampa…. Tidak ada yang dapat aku berikan padanya, lain dari pasir belaka, padang pasir, padang pasir, tiada kasih saying tempat bernaung,…. Padahal itulah dia perlu. Kasih sayang…. Tidak ada apa-apa, padaku, aku kosong belaka….” (Hal.116)

That statement above proves that Tini loves Kartono. It is obvious if Tini wants to marry with Kartono, but Tini fears to his full of nothingness, because Tini is unable to continue to stay like a wife who serves her husband. And Tini finds that she is inappropriate for Kartono, because Tini realizes that she cannot make what is wanted to Kartono.

"We're married, slowly I love him, I cannot handle it. I do not like he goes somewhere far from me, he must close to me, but I know, it will not be, because he has to go, too, it has been his work that way. Aw, is not restrained jealousy in my heart. Whether anyone in receipt to check, whether anyone visited, to be touched. Perhaps young beautiful woman again, and ... no dressing, ah, crazy mind ruminate-think about it. I was always afraid he will be separated from me, he will fall in love with someone else. And in my heart sorry, remember what I did before, always be obstacles to express my love of truth, because it

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA showed my love as if lying to him deliberately. I did not deserve to be his girlfriend. "(Pg.133)

“Barangkali benar juga katamu itu. Kami kawin, lambat laun aku mencintainya, berangsur-angsur dalam, aku tiada dapat menahannya. Aku tiada suka dia pergi-pergi, hendakku banyak-banyaklah dia di dekatku, tapi aku tahu, tidak akan dapat, karena dia mesti pergi juga, memang sudah pekerjaannya begitu. Aduh, tidak tertahan cemburu dalam hatiku. Entah siapa-siapa diterimanya untuk di periksa, entah siapa-siapa dikunjunginya, untuk diraba- rabanya. Barangkali perempuan cantik lagi muda, dan… tidak berpakaian, ah, gila pikiranku memikir-mikirkannya. Aku selalu takut, dia akan terlepas dari padaku, dia akan jatuh cinta pada orang lain. Dan dalam hatiku menyesal, mengingat perbuatanku dahulu, selalu saja menjadi alangan untuk menyatakan cintaku sebenar-benarnya, karena memperlihatkan cintaku seolah-olah membohongi dia dengan sengaja. Memang aku tiada pantas menjadi kekasihnya.” (Hal.133)

Meanwhile, Kartono with Rohayah relations is becoming better, Kartono has better feelings about his relations with Rohayah because Kartono can make a sure his self, and Kartono fears if Tini knows about his betrayal with Rohayah. Although

Tini is able to infer of her care not for Kartono, Kartono will find a woman who can serve him well. It is all clear that Tini says to hartono, but Tini is still searching a woman who does a betrayal with Kartono, and if she finds her, Tini will yell at her and beat her.

Kepada Hartono sudah dikatakan oleh Tini, dia hendak mengalahkan madunya. Memang Tini tidak senang mendengar kabar, Tono bergaul dengan perempuan lain. Di dalam hatinya dia belum hendak mengaku, sebenarnya

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA dia cemburu, karena orang lain mendapat kasih saying Tono. Bagaimanakah rupa perempuan itu, maka Tono tertarik. Perasaan marah dalam hatinya bercampur nafsu hendak tahu. (Hal. 129)

“Have I said he knew, did not I say first with frankly, do not take me, will be so spines in your mind. What you man all sweet in the mouth forget in appointments. Saying, “not why Tini” he said just. I saw his to come the other woman.( hal.113 )

“Sudah ku katakan dia tahu, bukankah sudah ku katakan dulu dengan terus terang, jangan ambil aku, nanti akan jadi duri dalam pikiranmu. Memang kamu laki-laki semua manis di mulut lupa di janji. Katanya: “tidak mengapa Tini” katanya saja. Sekarang dia pergi keperempuan lain”. (Hal.113)

Tini suspicion in Kartono is bigger and good scattered in the society to make a difference for Tini. However, Tini does not want hastily uncover indiscretion her husband, but Tini find out who Kartono mistress. Meanwhile, Kartono is more comfortable with relations with Rohayah, and Rohayah on to serve Kartono like as a husband.

Rohayah does not has a husband. Because she feels to be a victim of every male closest to her, until she believes that she has a relation with Kartono, will not have been possible be a couple, although she wants it. Rohayah just wants to live in shadows of the community, because she knows, her life only will be a victim of any men who likes her just like, as Kartono.

Rohayah and Kartono’s relationship is not a coincidence. Rohayah has made the plans to make Kartono falls in love with her and she did it.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “In fact, Tono. You are already be my star, you are already! Please look at me carefully. Don’t you remember me?” (Pg.47)

“Sebenarnya, Tono. Sejak dahulu Tono, engkau menjadi bintangku, sejak dahulu Tono! Cobalah pandang aku baik- baik. Tiadakah engkau kenal kau?” (Hal.47)

Those sentence above gives us the explanation that Rohayah already has a dreams to be with Kartono when they are in neighbor and Rohayah’s love is still there for

Kartono even though Kartono has a wife.

Being the third person in Kartono’s household, Rohaya is tray to be perfect woman for Kartono, and Rohayah should be able to live as a betrayer which she knows that it can damage Kartono’s life. They are aware of the condition that their relationship will not last forever and this is what they are afraid of.

Kartono visits Rohayah repeatedly until they aware about their banned relationship, they have an anxious feeling, they are afraid if their relationship will be known by the society and Tini. But Rohayah always tells Kartono to keep calm and asks him not to be too worried about the other’s opinion on their relationship and of course she does it just for sake of their relationship.

"Not because we are afraid of the truth, but because we do not know what to say. How the mind of people, they talk here and there, we hear nothing. When we meet with people we know that they put their mind about us, but we know nothing, we too feel chaotic. Not because we are confused, but because we do not know what they say about us. "(Pg.45)

“Bukan karena hal yang sebenarnya kita takut, tetapi karena kita tiada tahu, apa yang akan dikatakan orang. Bagaimana pikiran orang, disebut-sebutnya kesana sini, tiada kita dengar. Kalau kita bersua dengan orang kita tahu ada dia menaruh pikiran tentang kita, tetapi tiada kita ketahui apa, kitapun merasa rusuh. Bukan karna hal yang

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA sebenarnya kita bingung, tapi karena kita tidak tahu apa kata orang tentang kita.” (Hal.45)

Kartono fear has a reason, he is a doctor who has a wife, he is the great man, well and offensively. If his betrayal is revealed, its makes Kartono life would break, and the 60th era is still taboo for doing a betrayal, because this reason still influences by moral value and the religion value is still strong, where the eastern culture still defend this value, and do betrayal is not tolerate in the social life.

How about the moral value that has defended by Kartono? His heart keep disturbance, even his knew that what his doing is wrong,

“We are afraid in shadows… our soul. Afraid hear our heart voice” (Pg.92)

“Kita takut juga kepada bayang-bayang…jiwa kita. Takut mendengar suara di dalam hati kita” (Hal.92)

Kartono will against that doubt just for Rohayah, that all for a woman who can make happiness in his heart and Kartono has hope for Rohayah who to be a good wife that he want. According the sentence “Afraid hear our heart voice” its showing if Kartono very afraid in his relationship with Rohayah, he is actually knew that his heart voice said that his relationship is a forbeden, and of course its so many rule and moral value must be defended in time.

Until the end, Tini knows Kartono relations with his mistress, Tini was trying to figure out where Rohayah live, and Tini also would visit. Tini felt that she is inappropriate superimposed on the women like Rohayah, because Tini feel Rohayah is a women that not good and Tini felt justified to Rohayah disfigure.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Tini visits to Rohayah house and Tini prove that is not the women who could be were defeated by a woman like Rohayah, because Tini find that she is better and honorable than Rohayah. Rohayah trusted Tini all the words, but one that is make it clear by Rohayah, if Tini has failed to gain a wife that either,

“Keep going Mrs, I do lower then you. Mrs, Mrs doctor, shall go up their own car, a good house, life happy. Say will Mrs. (Pg.131 )

“Say any said, the state of not then will change. He is your husband, but his love tangled in me. You like a doll that is not soul, wearing gems, but did not know appreciate it” (Pg.132 )

“Teruslah berengkau-engkau nyonya, memang saya lebih rendah dari nyonya. Nyonya, nyonya dokter, boleh naik mobil sendiri, berumah bagus, hidup senang. Katakanlah kehendak nyonya.” (Hal.131)

“Katakanlah sembarang kata, keadaan tiada juga akan berubah. Dia memang suami nyonya, tapi kasihnya tersangkut pada saya. nyonyanya boneka yang tidak berjiwa, memakai permata, tapi tidak tahu menghargainya” (Hal.132)

And finally Tini making an offer on Rohayah, and Tini want to Rohayah promising to guard Kartono. The agreement that offered by Tini is agreed, and Tini ready to left Kartono immediately for the sake of them both.

"Rohayah, let us pledge. Try to listen carefully. I know that you two having love for each other, you will take care of him carefully, I can give my trust toward him to you ... listen to it carefully, do not argue, do not disturb me, I can easily get a job, there are a lot of social work, maybe I will be in peace, I will forget the past. "(Pg.135)

“Rohayah, mari kita berjanji. Coba dengarkan baik-baik. Aku sudah maklum kamu berdua bercinta-cintaan, engkau akan teliti merawat dia, dia dapat kupertaruhkan

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA padamu,… dengarkanlah dulu baik-baik, jangan membantah, aku jangan dirusuhkan, aku mudah mendapat pekerjaan, banyak pekerjaan social, barangkali aku akan menjadi tenang, akan lupa zaman dulu.” (Hal.135)

The decision that taken by Tini is an answer to their feeling own, her cold attitude on Kartono, her jealousy, and her right to choose his way. Rohayah can not refuse an offer Tini, even though she knew when she feels inappropriate to live together with Kartono. Rohayah conscious, if she exists in Kartono life has destroyed

Kartono households and Rohayah also aware the decision that taken by Tini is a result of her betrayal with Kartono.

On the other side, Kartono do not know a meeting Rohayah with Tini, Tini is ready to leave Kartono as soon as possible. Although Kartono cannot easily to separate with Tini, Kartono wants Tini to live happily, next Kartono also can live happily with a woman he loved.

After Tini withdrew from Kartono, Kartono trying to get Rohayah. And when

Kartono go visit Rohayah, and Rohayah go leave Kartono, Rohayah do it because she has felt guilty and inappropriate live in a way seize husband the other woman, and because Rohayah idea that every to do with a man, she will leave it also,

“do not you grieve. I am not to ever with him”

“right mrs, for us, a women like me, there will be no a long, we are used to so”

“Janganlah nyonya bersedih hati. Saya bukan hendak selama-lamanya dengan dia,” “Benar nyonya, bagi kami, perempuan sebangsa saya, tidak akan ada yang lama, kami sudah biasa begitu.”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA So Rohayah disbelieved their promise to Tini, as a result Kartono has lost two women he had ever loved. Tini leave Kartono because he felt a victim by

Kartono work, and Tini has make decisions have fought with Kartono household,

Tini leave Kartono because she felt a victim of Kartono work, and Tini has make decisions have fought with Kartono household,

“Ah, why else would not, I have voted roads. Before I said he do not marry me, you will sorry, I am not satisfied with just of one hand, you should be only make me also, I would be jealous, if you hang out with your friends, especially with the women. I did egoistik. Therefore I said, let us as friends only; after all by his sense of love is dead in my heart ... I cannot forget his, was always going to be remembered, I think he is dead” “Ah, tidak mengapa lagi, aku sudah memilih jalan. Dahulu kataku padanya jangan aku dikawini, engkau nanti menyesal, aku tiada puas dengan sebelah tangan saja, engkau mesti semata-mata buat aku juga, aku akan cemburu, kalau kau bergaul dengan kawan-kawanmu, apalagi dengan perempuan. Memang aku egoistik. Karena itu kataku, biar kita sebagai sahabat saja; lagi pula karena perasaan cinta sudah mati dalam hatiku..... aku tidakdapat melupakan dia, selalu saja teringat, sangkaku dia sudah mati”

Tini’s jealousy make an impact for Kartono households, the change of Tini’s attitude and Kartono, caused bad communication, attention, and rectitude, all this make a difference with the get relations Kartono and Tini.

While Rohayah have made in Kartono love, she does because she honor

Kartono and Tini, although Rohayah realize that she is the third person that give the role of it for a feeling of Kartono. And Kartono is the most lost, Kartono have been left by Tini and Rohayah, this gives a huge impact for Kartono next life, because he he has failed miserably in building households and love in Rohayah. So, Kartono as

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the main character have failed as husband, Tini that has failed becoming a good wife and Rohayah as a third person have failed to have Kartono.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.3. The Similarities and Differences

Table 1

No The similarities of Betrayal

Element The Great Gatsby Belenggu 1 Motif 1. Betrayal 1. Betrayal 2. Characters 1. Tom Buchanan, a 1. Sukartono, a husband,

husband, who does a who does a betrayal due

betrayal as the effect of to the lack of attention

his desire to women. and not in good

2. Daisy Buchanan, a communication with his

beautiful wife and rich, wife.

Daisy does a betrayal with 2. Tini, a wife, who has a

Gatsby. cold heart, envies with

3. Martyle as a George Kartono freedom and

Wilson’s wife and as they are not quite

Tom’s mistress is a opened to each other.

woman who is hungry for 3. Siti Rohayah is a third

luxury. person in the Kartono

4. Gatsby, a man full of household.

ambition, will be a

wealthy man and love

Daisy so much. He is a

person who wants to break

Daisy’s households.

3. Setting The setting in this novel is in The setting in this novel is in

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA New York City, are the Jakarta City. Jakarta is the

metropolitan and the biggest capital and the bigger city in

city in the United States, and Indonesia. Many various

thousands of various people people who live in this city,

living in this city. This city has so many activities that people

many attractions, because do. However, many people do

people of New York always not care because they just

need something fun. Like Tom, have own life. Like Kartono

Daisy and Gatsby, who want who does a betrayal with Siti

do anything for they happiness, Rohayah while Kartono still

including a betrayal. Setting of has a wife. And this novel era

time in this novel is in 1920 is in 1960, where the society

where US celebrate their of Jakarta still defended their

booming economic. Tom, cultural and moral value, but

Daisy, and Gatsby are one of not for modern people like

the parts. So this city Kartono and Tini, because

absolutely gives all that they they make their life according

want. to they want.

4. Plot This novel is flashback plot This novel is flashback plot

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 2

No Element The Difeferences of Betrayal

The Great Gatsby Belenggu 1 Motif 1. The magnitude of the 1. The lack of communication,

passion of Tom towards caring, honesty and

women and Daisy does a openness in the relationship

betrayal with Gatsby. of the household are the

2. Gatsby has a full of main reason leading to do a

ambition toward Daisy. betrayal. The consequences

3. Materialism is the reason of the absence of mutual

for the third person relationship that have

(Gatsby earlier poor between Kartono and Tini

cannot marry Daisy, and makes a betrayal happen.

Martyle lives in poverty) 2. This novel is not influenced

that blocks they to be by materialism.

able to live with their

loved ones.

2. Characters 1. Tom does a betrayal just 1. Kartono feels lonely

for fun. 2. Tini is not having

2. Daisy is having betrayal betrayal.

with Gatsby. 3. Siti Rohayah is the third

3. Gatsby and Martyle have person who loves Kartono

their own goal. Gatsby from the first.

loves Daisy so much, and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Martyle loves Tom because

Tom can give what she

wantes.

3. Setting In 1925, New York City grew The differences is, era in this

up bigger and bigger, city still defend the culture and

materialism and globalization moral value, because people of

influence many people. The Jakarta still commit that man

tradition law, moral value, has different rule in the

and religion do not have an household, the wife must serve

influence anymore, because they family because woman is

people of New York just care not same level with man. But

with the money, class Tini is modern person who

struggle, and being a wants equality with man.

millionaire is the glory Cultural, moral value, religion

purpose, for rich people, can value and role of women have

do what they want, is a gift big influence to Jakarta citizen

for them. in the 1940 era.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the analysis this thesis from the previous chapter, the writer would like to make the following conclusion in order to help students of English Literature in understanding the novel entitled Belenggu by Armijn Pane and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. From the both of literary works have been explained the differences and the similarities of woman and man emancipation in the novels.

1. The Similarities

From both of Literary works has got the similarities of Belenggu by Armijn Pane and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald items, namely "betrayal". Which this betrayal has many motives, such as those in Belenggu and The Great Gatsby. In Belenggu, a betrayal occurs due to the lack of a good relationship between husband and wife, both in communication, caring and honesty. Whereas, The Great Gatsby, a betrayal is caused by the lust and the disappointment between husband and wife, and is also influenced by materialism. The woman characters in the both of the novel has a big role to change their point of view and to prove that the women characters in the both of the novels has the way that they chose.

2. The Differences From both of literary works have got the differences between Belenggu by

Armijn Pane and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. A betrayal happens to the novel Belenggu due to lack of a good relationship between husband and wife, bickering and selfishness envelop their household. On the other hand, The Great

Gatsby, a betrayal is strongly influenced by wealth, ambition, and lust, because Tom and Daisy is a wealthy couple. Tom could easily have a mistress as he wants, and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Daisy has betrayal with Gatsby because of the influence of ambition. In The Great

Gatsby, Daisy and Martyle is a materialism woman, so this novel show in how materialism is has big influances, and Gatsby as the main character is the ambitious and materialism man. Just not like in Belenggu, the characters are not has influences by materialism.

5.2 Suggestion

Finally, the author has finished completing this thesis, and hopes that readers can understand the contents of this paper, and can take the moral values and make the issue of a betrayal as our learning. A betrayal can happen anywhere, anytime, and to anyone, because a betrayal itself has many motives and influences.

The author hopes that the reader can understand the relation between a betrayal and a family, because a family is a small group in society who are vulnerable to threats from other parties who do not care about the integrity of a good household. Moreover, the reader can understand how the importance of establishing moral values, honesty, and compassion between family members, because a basically happy family is complementary to one another to build a strong family.

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REFERENCES

Baldwin, Mark.W. 1992. Relational Schemas and the Processing of Social Information. Winnipeg: University of Winnipeg Press Berscheid, E. 1983. Emotion. In H. H. Kelley, E. Berscheid, A. Christensen, J. H. Harvey E-notes 2016. Characterization [Online]. (http://www.enotes.com/literary-terms/characterization Retrivied on October 21st 2016) Fitness, J. 2001. Betrayal, Rejection, Revenge, and Forgiveness: An Interpersonal Script Approach. Sydney: Macquarie University Press Fitgerald, F. Scott. 1925. The Great Gatsby, 2004. New York: Macmillan Library Refrence, USA, Inc. Fletcher, G. J. O. & Fitness, J. 1996. Automatic processing in Intimate relationships: The role of close relationship beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 888-897. Kasim, Razali. 1996. Sastra Bandingan: Ruang Lingkup dan Metode. Medan: USU Press Knee, C.Raymod. 1998. Implicit Theories of Relationships: Assessment and Prediction of Romantic Relationship Initiation, Coping, and Longevity. Houston: University of Houston Press Lazarus, R. 1992. Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press. Meleong, Lexy J. 2005. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Edisi Revisi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya Taylor, Richard. 1981. Understanding the Elements of Literature. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. Warren, Austin and Rene Wellek. 1995. Theory of Literature. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company Inc.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES

THE GREAT GATSBY

Scott Fitzgerald was born Sept. 24, 1896, St. Paul, Minn., U.S.—died Dec.

21, 1940, Hollywood, Calif.) American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being The Great

Gatsby (1925). His private life, with his wife, Zelda, in both America and France, became almost as celebrated as his novels.

Fitzgerald was the only son of an unsuccessful, aristocratic father and an energetic, provincial mother. Half the time he thought of himself as the heir of his father's tradition, which included the author of “The Star-Spangled Banner,” Francis

Scott Key, after whom he was named, and half the time as “straight 1850 potato- famine Irish.” As a result he had typically ambivalent American feelings about

American life, which seemed to him at once vulgar and dazzlingly promising.

He also had an intensely romantic imagination, what he once called “a heightened sensitivity to the promises of life,” and he charged into experience determined to realize those promises. At both St. Paul Academy (1908–10) and

Newman School (1911–13) he tried too hard and made himself unpopular, but at

Princeton he came close to realizing his dream of a brilliant success. He became a prominent figure in the literary life of the university and made lifelong friendships with Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. He became a leading figure in the socially important Triangle Club, a dramatic society, and was elected to one of the leading clubs of the university; he fell in love with Ginevra King, one of the beauties of her generation.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, is widely considered to be F. Scott

Fitzergerald's greatest novel. It is also considered a seminal work on the fallibility of the American dream. It focuses on a young man, Jay Gatsby, who, after falling in love with a woman from the social elite, makes a lot of money in an effort to win her love. She marries a man from her own social strata and he dies disillusioned with the concept of a self-made man. Fitzgerald seems to argue that the possibility of social mobility in America is an illusion, and that the social hierarchies of the "New World" are just as rigid as those of Europe. The novel is also famous as a description of the

"Jazz Age," a phrase which Fitzgerald himself coined. After the shock of moving from a policy of isolationism to involvement in World War I, America prospered in what are termed the "Roaring Twenties." The Eighteenth Amendment to the

American Constitution, passed in 1919, prohibited the sale and consumption of alcohol in America. "Prohibition" made millionaires out of bootleggers like Gatsby and owners of underground salons, called "speakeasies." Fitzgerald glamorizes the novel of this period to a certain extent in his Jazz Age novel. He describes their beautiful clothing and lavish parties with great attention to detail and wonderful use of color. However, the author was uncomfortable with the excesses of the period, and his novel sounds many warning notes against excessive love of money and material success.

Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby was not a great success during his lifetime, but became a smash hit after his death, especially after World War II. It has since become a staple of the canon of American literature, and is taught at many high schools and universities across the country and the world. Four films, an opera, and a play have been made from the text. This novel have been adapted into movie twice in

1949 and 1974 by Paramount Pictures.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BELENGGU BY ARMIJN PANE

Belenggu is a novel by Indonesian author Armijn Pane. The novel follows the love triangle between a doctor, his wife, and his childhood friend, which eventually causes each of the three characters to lose the ones they love. Originally published by the literary magazine Poedjangga Baroe in three instalments from April to June

1940, it was the magazine's only published novel. It was also the first

Indonesian psychological novel.

Belenggu was based on themes present in two of Pane's early short stories:

"Barang Tiada Berharga" ("Worthless Thing"; 1935) and "Lupa" ("Forget"; 1936).

The resulting novel, written to represent a stream of consciousness and using ellipses and monologues to show internal struggle, was very different from earlier Indonesian novels. Unlike said works, which kept to traditional themes such as good versus evil, Belenggu mainly focused on its characters' psychological conflict. It also showed modernity and traditionalism as a binary system, unable to reach a compromise.

The first modern Indonesian novels published by the state-owned publisher of the Dutch East Indies Balai Pustaka were often written to show intergenerational conflict and conflict between traditional (adat) and modern culture. These novels, published beginning in the 1920s, spearheaded the use of Indonesian as a national language. This national awakening, which was also realised through political actions, was followed in July 1933 with the establishment of the literary magazine Poedjangga Baroe (New Writer). The literary magazine, which Belenggu's author Armijn Pane helped establish, was the first written mainly in Indonesian and with exclusively Indonesian editors.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Of the staff and contributors to Poedjangga Baroe, Pane was one of the biggest proponents for Westernisation. While others, such as his elder brother Sanusi, stressed the need for "Asian" values, the younger Pane disregarded conventional Indonesian morality. The literary historian Heather Sutherland writes that this may have been a result of Pane's education at a school for Dutch children; the others received Dutch-language education for Indonesians.

Belenggu received a mixed reception upon its release. Proponents of the novel stated that it was daring, as it dealt with themes based on societal realities. For example, journalist S. K. Trimurti wrote that the novel clearly reflected issues faced by highly educated Indonesians in dealing with traditional culture. However, opponents of the novel dismissed it as "pornographic", emphasising traditionally taboo acts like prostitution and adultery. The December 1940 issue of Poedjangga

Baroe included comments from several other writers and literary critics, including

Alisjahbana, HB Jassin, Karim Halim, and S. Djojopoespito. Alisjahbana wrote that the novel was fatalistic and defeatist, as he felt it did not portray the freedom of spirit necessary for people to choose their own destiny; he decried the plot as lacking causality. Jassin found the characters to resemble caricatures, as their emotions were overly melodramatic, but considered the novel representative of works yet to come.

Halim wrote that Belenggu represented a new school in Indonesian literature, with new language and new stories. Djojopoespito decried the book's language, which he did not consider smooth, and plotlines, which he found uninteresting. According to

Teeuw, the initial mixed reception was due in part to Indonesian readers – accustomed to idealised literature – being shocked by the realistic portrayals in Belenggu.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Later reviews have generally been more positive. In 1955 Johns wrote that Belenggu was a "great advance on any previous work", with which the

Indonesian novel came to maturity; he praises the structure, plot, and presentation. Siregar, writing in 1964, praised the novel's diction, noting that Pane handled technical discussions especially well. Jassin wrote in 1967 that, although he found the characters still came across as caricatures, the novel was capable of making readers stop and think about modern conditions. In 1969, Indonesian writer and literary critic Ajip Rosidi wrote that the novel was more interesting than earlier works because of its multi-interpretable ending. The Indonesian writer and literary critic Muhammad Balfas wrote in 1976 that Belenggu was "in every respect the best novel of pre-war Indonesian literature". In his 1980 book on Indonesian literature,

Teeuw wrote that despite several flaws in the psychological portrayal of the main characters, Belenggu was the only novel from before the Indonesian National

Revolution in which a Western reader would feel truly involved; he also called the novel Pane's greatest contribution to Indonesia literature. Tham, writing in 1981, described the novel as the best reflection of the then-growing consciousness that

Western values, such as individualism and intellectualism, contradicted traditional values.

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