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Naturvårdsintressanta Svampar I Tinnerö Eklandskap

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Naturvårdsintressanta Svampar I Tinnerö Eklandskap 2017:2 Naturvårdsintressanta svampar i naturreservatet ”Tinnerö eklandskap kultur och natur” Mikael Hagström Inventerare och rapportförfattare: Mikael Hagström, Fennicus Natur Kontakt: [email protected] Miljö- och samhällsbyggnadsförvaltningen Stadsmiljökontoret www.linkoping.se/natur Epost: [email protected] Telefon, växel: 013-20 64 00 Reservatsförvaltare Tinnerö eklandskap: Anders Jörneskog, Stadsmiljökontoret Kontakt: [email protected] Layout: Birgitta Hjelm, grafisk formgivare, Plankontoret Foto: Där inget annat anges Mikael Hagström Omslagsbilder: Violett fingersvamp Clavaria zolingeri, jättekamskivling Amanita ceciliae, bombmurkla Sarcosoma globossum, jättespindling Cortinarius praestans, grönfjällig fjällskivling Lepiota grangei, falsk djävulssopp Rubroboletus legaliae och charlakansvaxskivling Hygrocybe punicea. 2 Förord Eklandskapet i Stångådalen tillhör ett av norra Europas mest skyddsvärda områden för bevarandet av biologisk mångfald knutet till gamla ekar. Detta vackra kulturpräglade herrgårdslandskap är fortfarande rikt på betade ekhagmarker och lövskogar, men även här finns många hot mot artrikedomen. Ett allt mer effektivt jord- och skogsbruk där djurhållningen koncentreras till färre gårdar och ett skogsbruk med fokus på barrträds- timmer ger stora utmaningar i bevarandearbetet. Eklandskapet når ända in i Linköpings stad. Kommunen är en av de större markägarna i Eklandskapet och har ett stort ansvar i bevarandearbetet. Under de senaste 20 åren har kommunen utvecklat ett omfattande naturvårdsarbete i Eklandskapet och de vackra stadsnära ekhagarna är en tillgång och prydnad för linköpingsborna och mer långväga besökare. En av de största kommunala insatserna är bildandet av naturreservatet Tinnerö ek- landskap kultur och natur. Reservatet som är nästan 700 ha stort har under 1900-talet dominerats av militär verksamhet. Den gamla betestraditionen bevarades på stora delar av området även under den militära epoken och strukturomvandlingen i jord- och skogs- bruk har här inte gått lika långt som i landskapet i övrigt. Tinnerö har idag en skötsel med ekologiskt inriktad nötköttsproduktion med betade ekhagar, och utmarksskogar samt betydande arealer slåttermarker. Utdikade våtmarker och kanaliserade vattendrag har återställts till fågelrika sjöar och meandrande bäckar. Tinnerö är idag ett av kommunens mest uppskattade friluftsområden bara ett stenkast från centrala staden. En viktig del av naturvårdsarbetet i Tinnerö är genomförandet av systematiska invente- ringar med syfte att få en uppfattning om vilka skyddsvärda arter som finns i området. Kunskapen om förekomst ger förutsättningar till en anpassad skötsel. De flesta artgrup- perna är nu inventerade och Tinnerö är en verklig ”hotspot” för biologisk mångfald. Detta gäller inte minst svampfloran där Mikael Hagström inventerat området sedan 2008. Läs hans rapport och förundras över den artrikedom svampfloran uppvisar i kanten till en av landets största städer! Anders Jörneskog Kommunekolog 3 Innehållsförteckning Svampar i naturreservatet ”Tinnerö eklandskap kultur och natur” ...................................................................... 5 Sammanfattning ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Inledning......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Metodik .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Begreppet rödlistad art och signalart ............................................................................................................ 6 Artbestämningar och rapportörer .................................................................................................................. 6 Tinnerö ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 Kärnområden för olika biotoper ..................................................................................................................... 7 Barrskog .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Ekhagar och ekskogar ............................................................................................................................. 8 Ogödslade gräsmarker ............................................................................................................................ 8 Lövskogar ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Inventeringsresultat i siffror ................................................................................................................... 12 Naturvårdsintressanta arter och hotspots ................................................................................................... 12 Hjorttryfflar, jordtungor, svampklubbor och larvklubbor ....................................................................... 12 Skålsvampar, dynor och murklor ........................................................................................................... 18 Fjällskivlingar och bläcksvampar ........................................................................................................... 23 Röksvampar och jordstjärnor ................................................................................................................ 27 Kamskivlingar och flugsvampar ............................................................................................................. 30 Småfingersvampar och flattoppad klubbsvamp ................................................................................... 33 Spindelskivlingar .................................................................................................................................... 38 Noppingar och rödskivlingar ................................................................................................................. 48 Lerskivlingar och vaxskivlingar .............................................................................................................. 52 Musseroner ............................................................................................................................................ 63 Nagelskivlingar i vid bemärkelse ........................................................................................................... 69 Sköldingar, slidskivlingar, hättor och hinnskivlingar .............................................................................. 71 Tofs- och kragskivlingar ........................................................................................................................ 76 Soppar ................................................................................................................................................... 78 Korallfingersvampar och kantareller ...................................................................................................... 83 Skinnsvampar och tickor ....................................................................................................................... 88 Kandelabersvamp och koralltaggsvampar .......................................................................................... 103 Taggsvampar ....................................................................................................................................... 105 Riskor och kremlor .............................................................................................................................. 108 Litteratur ........................................................................................................................................................... 113 Storsvampar i Artportalen ................................................................................................................................ 114 Index, svenskt svampnamn med sidhänvisning .............................................................................................. 143 4 Svampar i naturreservatet ”Tinnerö eklandskap kultur och natur” Sammanfattning Svampfloran i Tinnerö naturreservat är mycket rik, vilket beror på den varierade naturen både under och ovan mark. Här finns relativt fattig morän varvat med feta kalkrika leror och små granitknallar som sticker upp ur detta. Området har lång tradition som häv- dad mark och här finns ytor med värdefulla ogödslade gräsmarker i de centrala delarna. Mest slående är emellertid den rika tillgången på ek och hassel och det är arterna som är knutna till ek- och hassellundar som är mest utbredda. Till ek är den ytterst sällsynta falsk djävulssopp Rubroboletus legaliae knuten och det finns ytterligare en mängd sällsynta och rödlistade arter knutna till detta trädslag. I reservatet finns också en hel del asp, of- tast inte som rena bestånd, men sammantaget utgör asparna att viktigt inslag vilket också märks i lövskogarnas rika svampflora. Även barrträden är viktiga i reservatet. Framförallt granen hyser många rödlistade arter även om dessa alla lever mycket koncentrerat i några små delområden. Bland arterna knutna till tall så är det svårt att peka ut några särskilt intressanta
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