Indonesia Raya" Ciptaan W.R

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Indonesia Raya HARMONIA: JURNAL PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMIKIRAN SENI Analisis Struktur Lirik Lagu "Indonesia Raya" Ciptaan W.R. Supratman (Structure Analysis of the Lyrics of the Song "Indonesia Raya" Composed by W.R. Supratman) F.X. Nugroho HP. Staf Pengajar Jurusan Musik, Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan, Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta Abstrak Lirik lagu " Indonesia Raya", karya komponis W.R. Supratman, juga merupakan karya sastra. Sebagai karya satra, ia memiliki struktur atau sistem dan tanda yang bermakna. Strukturnya, terdiri atas beberapa fenemena dan elemen, seperti: ponologi, morpologi, sintaktsis, semantik, dan semiotik, tetapi mereka mempunyai relasi dengan total makna dalam lirik. Vokal /u/ diulang tiga kali, sebagai contoh, merupakan relasi dengan kata-kata: "Negriku yang Kucinta", "aku", "kita", "bersatu", "Indonesia", dan "Raya". Kemudian repetasi dan koneksi adalah tanda kesatuan dari masyarakat Indonesia sebagai dasar jiwa yang cinta dan kebenaran dari persahabatan seluruh peradaban daerah "Indonesia Raya". Artikel ini memuat tiga struktur analisis lagu, yaitu lirik, struktur, dan makna. Kata Kunci: Lirik, Struktur, makna A. Pendahuluan dari Negara Kesatuan Republik "Persatuan Indonesia" masih Indonesia (NKRI). menjadi persoalan yang amat berat bagi Persoalan di atas disebabkan oleh bangsa Indonesia. Lebih-lebih dengan pemahaman mengenai "persatuan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah dan Indonesia" yang masih sempit dan pemberdayaan demokrasi, persoalan itu dangkal. Selama ini, "persatuan" hanya menjadi semakin berat. Semangat diartikan sama dengan keseragaman, atau kedaerahan dan pelaksanaan demokrasi kesamaan wilayah, daerah, suku, ras, yang kebablasan atau berlebihan, dapat agama, budaya, golongan, dan pendapat. menimbulkan pertikaian atau bentrokan Apabila sekelompok orang memakai antar daerah, suku, ras, agama, golongan, pakaian batik dengan pola dan warna atau warga. Bahkan, di daerah-daerah yang sama, misalnya, maka dikatakan tertentu seperti di Aceh, Maluku, dan mereka "bersatu". Demikian pula apabila Papua, telah terjadi pergolakan yang tidak sekelompok orang mendirikan sebuah hanya menuntut otonomi saja tetapi organisasi dengan faham atau ideologi pembentukan negara baru yang terlepas tertentu, maka dikatakan mereka telah Vol. VI No. 3/September-Desember 2005 HARMONIA: JURNAL PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMIKIRAN SENI membentuk "ikatan persatuan diantara sejati, sebagimana dijelaskan di atas, mereka". Dengan pemahaman seperti itu, adalah makna dari struktur link lagu itu. "persatuan Indonesia" menjadi sangat Sebagai struktur, lirik lagu itu tersusun rapuh. dari berbagai unsur: fonologis, morfologis, Padahal dalam arti yang sebenarnya, sintaksis, dan semantik, dengan gejala "persatuan Indonesia" adalah persatuan semiotiknya sendiri-sendiri, tetapi semua yang dilandasi oleh semangat cinta kasih unsur itu saling terkait satu sama lain, dan atau persaudaraan sejati diantara warga membentuk makna struktur lirik lagu bangsa. Pendapat ini selaras dengan apa itu. Vokal /u/ yang diulang sampai yang dikatakan oleh Drijarkara, yaitu empat (4) kali, misalnya, terkait dengan bahwa sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia kata-kata "Negriku yang kucinta", "aku", harus menjadi anggota masyarakat dan "kita", "bersatu", "Indonesia", dan hanya dapat berkembang dengan dan "Raya". Pengulangan dan keterkaitan itu dalam kesatuan dengan sesama manusia menunjukkan pengertian bahwa setiap (Drijarkara, 1984: 1). Dengan pandangan warga bangsa wajib saling menjalin seperti itu, maka lalu "persatuan hubungan yang dilandasi oleh semangat Indonesia" tidak lagi memandang latar cinta kasih atau persaudaraan sejati, belakang seseorang. Seorang warga sehingga semua warga bangsa betul-betul bangsa akan selalu menjalin hubungan bersatu untuk mencapai "Indonesia persatuan/ persahabatan yang tulus Raya". Jadi untuk menemukan maknanya, dengan siapa saja dari segala golongan seorang pembaca harus mengetahui dan lapisan masyarakat manapun. Dari konvensi ketandaan dari struktur lirik lagu lubuk hatinya yang paling dalam, seorang itu, dan keterkaitan unsur-unsur itu dalam warga bangsa merasa bahwa dirinya pembentukan maknanya. merupakan bagian/anggota dari keluarga Artikel ini berusaha menganalisis besar bangsa Indonesia, dan dengan struktur lirik lagu itu untuk menemukan demikian akan memberikan yang terbaik maknanya. Karena lirik lagu dan karya bagi bangsa dan negaranyademi kejayaan sastra merupakan struktur atau sistem Indonesia. Konsep persatuan seperti itu tanda bermakna, maka untuk akan dapat menerobos dinding-dinding memahaminya/memaharni maknanya, pemisah yang menimbulkan adanya diperlukan teori tentang pendekatan perbedaan-perbedaan dalam masyarakat struktural sebagai dasar analisis. Dan sehingga "persatuan Indonesia" akan artikel ini bertujuan membantu pembaca menjadi kokoh. Sementara itu, menurut agar lebih memahami apa sebenarnya C. Sumarni lirik sebuah lagu pada makna dari "persatuan Indonesia" yang dasarnya juga sebuah puisi (Sumarni, tersurat dan tersirat dalam/melalui 2001: 62). Puisi termasuk karya sastra. struktur lirik lagu itu. Dengan demikian, Mengenai karya sastra, Pradopo membicarakan maknanya adalah penting berpendapat bahwa karya sastra karena dengan membicarakannya, wawasan merupakan struktur atau sistem tanda pembaca tentang "persatuan Indonesia" yang bermakna (Pradopo, 2003, 108). akan menjadi lebih luas sehingga Dengan demikian, lirik lagu, seperti lirik implementasi maknanya akan lebih lagu "Indonesia Raya", ciptaan W.R. mengena. Supratman, juga merupakan struktur atau sistem tanda yang bermakna. Konsep "persatuan Indonesia" yang didasari oleh semangat cinta kasih atau persaudaraan Vol. VI No. 3/September-Desember 2005 HARMONIA: JURNAL PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMIKIRAN SENI dan alinea atau bait, dengan gejala B. Karya Sastra dan Link Lagu semiotiknya sendiri-sendiri. Namun sebagai Sistem atau Struktur Tanda masing-masing unsur itu saling terkait Bermakna atau terjalin satu sama lain sedemikian rupa sehingga menghasilkan makna karya Segala sesuatu asalkan mengacu sastra secara keseluruhan. Unsur sekecil kepada suatu obyek, pengertian, makna, apapun akan memberikan kontribusinya ide, atau nilai-nilai, adalah tanda atau dalam pembentukan makna keseluruhan menjadi tanda. Kata, gerakan isyarat, karya sastra itu. lampu/rambu lalu lintas, tiupan peluit, Menurut teori Aristoteles, dalam gambar, kehidupan manusia, peristiwa, Teeuw, sebagai struktur, karya sastra keadaan, bangunan, struktur karya sastra, harus memenuhi empat syarat utama,yaitu struktur film, musik/lagu, dan lain-lain order, unity, compexity, dan coherence. adalah tanda. Kata "ibu", misalnya, Khusus untuk cerita atau prosa, menunjuk kepada sebuah obyek yang dijelaskan bahwa order adalah urutan/ disebut ibu, yang mempunyai arti: "orang aturan; urutan aksi harus teratur, harus yang melahirkan kita". "Anggukan menunjukkan konsekuensi dan konsistensi kepala" mengacu kepada suatu obyek yang masuk akal terutama harus ada yang berupa gerakan menganggukan awal, pertengahan, dan akhir yang tidak kepala yang menandakan "persetujuan". sembarangan. Semua unsur dalam plot "Lampu merah" di perempatan jalan harus ada dan tidak bisa bertukar tempat raya menunjuk kepada sebuah obyek yang tanpa mengacaukan atau membinasakan berwujud lampu lalu lintas berwarna keseluruhannya; pengertian itu disebut merah, yang berarti "Disini anda harus unity. Kemudian, complexity menunjukkan berhenti". " Tiupan peluit" bapak polisi keluasan ruang lingkup dan kekomplekkan mengacu kepada suatu obyek yaitu tindakan karya sehingga perkembangan peristiwa meniup peluit yang dilakukan oleh bapak yang masuk akal dapat dimungkinkan. polisi di jalan raya yang dapat berarti Akhirnya, coherence berarti bahwa "Anda telah melanggar rambu lalu lintas". Bunga "mawar merah" dan sastrawan tidak bertugas untuk menyebut "melati putih" dapat bermakna " cinta hal-hal yang sungguh-sungguh terjadi, yang membara" dan "cinta yang tulus". tetapi hal-hal yang mungkin atau harus Karena pengertian tanda yang memang terjadi dalam rangka keseluruhan plot itu, luas seperti itu, maka sangat mungkin atas dasar tuntutan konsistensi dan logika bahwa semuanya, ter masuk karya seni, ceritanya (Aristoteles, dalam Teeuw, 1984: sebagaimana ditegaskan oleh Sumbo 121 - 122). Tinarbuko, dapat dipandang sebagai Rachmad Djoko Pradopo tanda-tanda atau bahasa (Tinarbuko, mengemukakan pandangannya yang pada dalam Nugroho, 2003: 85). dasarnya sama dengan pendapat diatas Karya sastra adalah karya seni. sebagai berikut. Karya sastra adalah Oleh karena itu, karya sastra juga struktur yang merupakan susunan merupakan tanda, dan sebagai tanda keseluruhan yang utuh. Antara bagian- karya sastra merupakan sistem atau bagiannya saling erat berhubungan. Tiap struktur. Sebagai sistem atau struktur, unsur dalam situasi tertentu tidak karya sastra tersusun dari berbagai mempunyai arti dengan sendirinya, macam unsur, seperti fonim, morfim, melainkan artinya ditentukan oleh suku kata, kata, frasa, kalimat atau larik, hubungannya dengan unsur-unsur Vol. VI No. 3/September-Desember 2005 HARMONIA: JURNAL PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMIKIRAN SENI lainnya yang terlibat dalam situasi itu. melahirkan kita" berarti "orang yang Makna penuh suatu satuan atau mempertaruhkan jiwanya untuk kita", dan pengalaman dapat dipahami hanya jika "orang yang mempertaruhkan jiwanya terintegrasi ke dalam struktur yang untuk kita" berarti "orang yang mencintai merupakan keseluruhan dalam satuan- kita". Penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai satuan itu. Antara unsur-unsur struktur makna karya sastra dan lirik lagu itu ada koherensi atau pertautan erat;
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