Strategi Pembelajaran Sejarah Berbasis Lagu-Lagu Perjuangan Dalam Konteks Kesadaran Nasionalisme

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Strategi Pembelajaran Sejarah Berbasis Lagu-Lagu Perjuangan Dalam Konteks Kesadaran Nasionalisme STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH BERBASIS LAGU………| 1 STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH BERBASIS LAGU-LAGU PERJUANGAN DALAM KONTEKS KESADARAN NASIONALISME Brigida Intan Printina* Abstrak Di masa-masa kebangkitan nasional lagu-lagu perjuangan menjadi sarana vital dalam membangkitkan kesadaran nasional para pemuda bangsa. Namun, mayoritas pemuda saat ini tidak mampu menunjukkan semangat nasionalismenya karena kurang mengerti akan makna lagu-lagu perjuangan. Maraknya lagu asing semakin menggerus nilai nasionalisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi pustaka. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran sejarah agar setiap pemuda dapat membangun diri dan mampu membentuk kesadaran nasionalisme dengan menyanyikan dan menghayati lagu-lagu perjuangan di setiap kesempatan. Kata Kunci : strategi pembelajaran sejarah, lagu perjuangan, nasionalisme Pendahuluan kepada etnis Jawa atau salah satu budaya Tumbuh dan berkembangnya etnis di Nusantara, melainkan harus bersifat nasionalisme di Indonesia tidak semata- universal seperti dalam kedudukan musik mata didasarkan pada persamaan- diatonis. (R.M. Soedarsono, 1998 : 39). persamaan primordialistik, akan tetapi Di samping memiliki kemampuan sudah bersifat terbuka. Diilhami oleh cita- dalam pengajaran, guru juga harus cita kebangkitan nasional dari tahun 1908, mengembangkan strategi belajar mengajar. pada tanggal 28 Oktober 1928 para pemuda Salah satu cara untuk membentuk karakter Indonesia mengikrarkan Sumpah Pemuda, peserta didik dalam pembelajaran sejarah yaitu satu nusa, satu bangsa, dan satu ialah dengan cara mengumandangkan dan bahasa. Bahasa Melayu yang diakui sebagai membiasakan kegiatan belajar mengajar bahasa nasional, merupakan suatu dengan lagu-lagu perjuangan yang sarat kekalahan bagi bangsa Belanda, sebagai dengan nilai-nilai positif dan pesan moral di simbol ikrar, teks Sumpah Pemuda serta dalamnya. Saat ini sangat sedikit generasi lagu kebangsaan “Indonesia Raya” yang dapat menyanyikan lagu perjuangan, menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan bahkan ketika ditanya kebanyakan berlakunya musik diatonis. Akhirnya menjawab tidak tahu. Berbeda dengan disimpulkan guna menetralisir kondisi di era tahun 70-an lagu Indonesia keanekaragaman para pemuda Indonesia Raya diputar sebagai lagu pembuka siaran peranan musik nasional tidak lagi berpihak stasiun TVRI dan lagu Rayuan Pulau Kelapa * Brigida Intan Printina adalah Dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta 2 | JURNAL AGASTYA VOL 7 NO 1 JANUARI 2017 selalu diputar sebagai lagu penutup. Lagu- musik telah menyatu dengan jiwa lagu perjuangan menjadi berubah situasi masyarakat Indonesia yang memiliki fungsi karena tidak lagi dikenal dekat oleh para kompleks dalam aktivitas budaya pendengar. Untuk peserta didik di sekolah masyarakat. khsususnya, keberadaan lagu-lagu nasional Lagu perjuangan Indonesia disebut hanya merupakan bagian dari materi dengan istilah musik fungsional yang pelajaran yang ada dalam kurikulum dan diciptakan untuk tujuan nasional. Fungsi mungkin saja mereka hanya mendengarkan primer lagu-lagu perjuangan Indonesia atau menyaksikan pada saat-saat tertentu, adalah sebagai sarana upacara, dan acara- misalnya pada upacara bendera dengan acara besar lainnya, namun sejauh ini dapat manyanyikan lagu Indonesia Raya. digunakan sebagai sarana pembelajaran. Pengenalan mereka terhadap lagu itu pun Fungsi sekunder lagu-lagu perjuangan belum sampai pada pemakanaan yang sebagai media agitasi politik berguna untuk sesungguhnya, artinya sifatnya hanya untuk membangkitkan semangat perjuangan dihapalkan. melawan penindasan, dan keberadaan jenis Kondisi ini tentu saja harus menjadi lagu-lagu ini di Indonesia pada masa perang perhatian bagi para praktisi pendidikan, kemerdekaan jumlahnya cukup banyak. khususnya guru sejarah bahwa Dalam pengertian yang luas sebagai mengimplementasikan lagu perjuangan perasaan nasional lagu-lagu perjuangan pada pembelajaran bukan hanya pada disebut sebagai lagu wajib, diajarkan meski tataran literal dan inferensial, namun sudah pada tingkat pendidikan dasar, hingga pada tahapan apresiasi. Peserta didik tidak perguruan tinggi dan wajib diketahui hanya dapat mengingat syair, akan tetapi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. juga dapat memahami syair lagu perjuangan Lagu-lagu Perjuangan adalah karya tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya monumental, beberapa hal yang termasuk wacana atau inovasi dalam dalam kriteria tersebut. Pertama, lagu-lagu mengimplementasikan lagu perjuangan di perjuangan Indonesia bersifat peringatan setiap materi ajar sejarah pada peserta hari besar nasional sering dikumandangkan didik. pada momen tertentu. Kedua, fungsinya Lagu-lagu perjuangan adalah lagu- meningkatkan kewibawaan pencipta dan lagu yang menyerukan sikap nasionalisme lingkungannya diidentifikasikan melalui bangsa yang semestinya wajib dihapalkan proses yang panjang dari pengakuan oleh peserta didik. Lagu-lagu perjuangan pemerintah dan publik, sekaligus sebagai salah satu produk atau karya cipta penghargaan yang diterima oleh para budaya masyarakat Indonesia di bidang penciptanya. Ketiga, eksistensi karya seni STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH BERBASIS LAGU………| 3 yang bersangkutan telah dibahas melalui pasca kemerdekaan, contohnya lagu Andika opini publik, media massa, buku, seminar Bhayangkari (Amir Pasaribu). dan diskusi1. Fungsi lagu-lagu perjuangan sebagai Lagu-lagu perjuangan dalam rangka kegiatan upacara dapat di jumpai pada HUT Sapta Usaha Tama, Menteri Muda Dep. P dan RI 17 Agustus, antara lain menjadi 3 macam K. telah mengeluarkan Instruksi No. 1 kegiatan. Pertama berfungsi sebagai Defile tanggal 17 April 1960 yang ditujukan penghormatan upacara seperti lagu kepada seluruh sekolah-sekolah agar kebangsaaan ‘Indonesia Raya’, lagu ‘Andhika mempelajari dan menyanyikan lagu-lagu Bhayangkari’, lagu ‘Mengheningkan cipta’. wajib nasional yang berjumlah tujuh buah. Kedua, berfungsi sebagai Aubade, kegiatan Setelah adanya perkembangan di Indonesia, paduan suara dan orkes simponi maka jumlah lagu-lagu wajib nasional menyanyikan lagu-lagu perjuangan bergema berjumlah menjadi 16 buah, kemudian setelah upacara pengibaran sang saka berkembang lagi saat ini menjadi 45 lagu- merah putih, dan juga menjelang upacara lagu perjuangan. penurunan bendera merah putih. Seperti Lagu-lagu perjuangan dari 45 buah menyanyikan lagu ‘Hari Merdeka’ lagu tersebut dapat di klasifikasikan menjadi 3 ‘berkibarlah Benderaku’ lagu ‘Dari Sabang jenis yaitu lagu-lagu perjuangan bersifat sampai Mereuke’ lagu ‘Syukur’ dan lain mars, lagu-lagu perjuangan bersifat Himne, sebagainya. dan lagu-lagu perjuangan bersifat Ketiga, berfungsi sebagai parade, percintaan (Romans). Keberadaan dan yaitu jenis iringan musik mars lagu-lagu penciptaan lagu-lagu perjuangan dapat pula perjuangan dalam kegiatan mengawali dan diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 periode. Pertama, menghakhiri pawai barisan dengan derap lagu-lagu perjuangan yang di cipatakan langkah semangat perjuangan memasuki pada masa pra-kemerdekaan tahun 1928 atau keluar lapangan upacara HUT RI 17 contohnya lagu ‘Indonesia Raya’ Agustus di Istana Presiden gedung Agung (W.R.Supratman) Kedua, lagu-lagu yang Yogyakarta. Dalam acara karnaval lagu-lagu diciptakan masa Revolusi Indonesia 1945- perjuangan sering dipakai pada reportoar 1949, contohnya lagu ‘Maju Tak Gentar Drumband atau kelompok Marching Band (Cornel Simanjuntak). Ketiga, lagu-lagu yang sering mengumandangkan lagu Mars perjuangan yang diciptakan pada masa ‘Maju tak gentar’ atau Mars ‘Bambu Runcing’ dan lain sebagainya. Melalui lagu perjuangan para peserta 1 Supriatun. Pedoman Nasah Porto Folio Karya didik dapat mempelajari banyak hal. Di Seni Monumental Pertunjukan. Jakarta:Depdiknas. 2008. hal. 9 sekolah guru dapat menggunakan lagu 4 | JURNAL AGASTYA VOL 7 NO 1 JANUARI 2017 untuk menerangkan tentang cinta tanah air, strategi pembelajaran sejarah sudah lingkungan, kesetiakawanan sosial, semestinya mengedepankan lagu-lagu semangat kebangsaan dan lain-lain. Lagu perjuangan agar muncul kesadaran perjuangan tidak hanya dikenalkan sebagai nasionalisme dalam diri setiap pemuda hiburan, akan tetapi juga memanfaatkannya bangsa. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk untuk mengambil pesan dan makna positif mengembangkan strategi belajar sejarah di tentang kehidupan berkebangsaan dan cinta setiap lembaga pendidikan agar semakin tanah air. dinamis dan penuh makna. Diharapkan Pengamatan interpretasi lagu melalui strategi ini peserta didik tidak lagi dengan revitalisasi sejarah perjuangan mengutamakan lagu-lagu asing yang tidak muncul ketika kita masuk museum bermutu atau sebagai sarana hiburan, Venderburg Yogyakarta melihat diorama namun menghayati lagu-lagu perjuangan perjuangan lewat audio visual dan sinopsis sebagai pedoman hidup. Dengan demikian peristiwa yang dibacakan dengan iringan strategi belajar sejarah ini dapat menjadi musik lagu perjuangan. Atau pada saat kita sarana bagi pembelajaran sejarah untuk mengikuti detik-detik proklamasi menumbuhkan kesadaran nasionalisme kenerdekaan di Istana Negara Jakarta dan di pemuda bangsa. Istana Presiden gedung Agung Yogyakarta, Tinjauan Pustaka menyebabkan interpretasi rasa Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan nasionalisme kita makin kuat saat itu. Selain menggunakan studi pustaka. Buku-buku itu memahami sejarah prakemerdekaan karangan Wisnu Mintargo baik menjadi saat menyanyikan lagu ‘Indoesia Raya’ lagu acuan karena mengulas beberapa lagu-lagu ini juga menggambarkan sumpah pemuda perjuangan dan ditulis dalam buku terbitan 28 Oktober 1928.2 Ombak tahun 2001 berjudul Musik Revolusi
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