X_Geography _Water Resources

1. Which one of the following states used roof top rain water harvesting on extensive scale? (a) Rajasthan (b) Delhi (c) Haryana (d) Punjab

Ans. (a) Explanation: Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting is the technique through which rain water is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs. The Main Objective of rooftop rain water harvesting is to make water available for future use. The tradition of storing drinking water for storage purpose through rainfall harvesting was common across the towns and villages of Thar.

2. Name the river which is on the brink of extinction due to heavy pollution in its catchments’ areas or regions. (a) Narmada (b) Yamuna (c) Chambal (d) Son

Ans. (b) Explanation: Due to heavy industrialization, uncontrolled urbanization and agricultural modernization, the existence of Ganga and Yamuna are endangered. The water of Yamuna is of "reasonably good quality" through its length from Yamunotri in the Himalayas to Wazirabad in Delhi, about 375 km, where the discharge of waste water through 15 drains between Wazirabad barrage and Okhla barrage renders the river severely polluted after Wazirabad in Delhi. Today Yamuna is one of the most polluted rivers in the world.

3. Name the largest artificial lake of .

(a) Gobind Sagar. (b) lake. (c) Bhim Tal. (d) Udaipur lake.

Ans. (b)

Explanation: Bhopal Lake is the largest artificial lake in Asia that lies on the Western side of the capital city of , Bhopal. It is a major source of drinkable water for the residents of the city, serving around 40% of the residents with nearly 30 million gallons per day. This lake was built by Raja Bhoj during his tenure as a king of (1005–1055). Bhojtal attracts tourists due to its scenic beauty.

4. Which of the following states receives rainfall less than 100 cm? (a) Assam (b) Bihar (c) Delhi (d) Rajasthan

Ans. (d) Explanation: As a result of desert like climatic conditions rainfall or monsoon usually overpass the regions of Rajasthan. Average rainfall of the State is 575 MM. Rain has been scattered & erratic in most of the Districts.

5. Which one of the following is most responsible for the water scarcity? (a) Mismanagement of water resources (b) Growing population demand for more water (c) Industrialization in urban areas (d) Falling ground water level

Ans. (a) Explanation: However, all other options contributed to water scarcity but if proper management of water resources would be done efficiently it could help in water conservation.

6. Which one of the following is correct percentage of hydroelectric power to India’s total electricity produced? (a) 15% (b) 22% (c) 20% (d) 25%

Ans. (b) Explanation: Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy. The river projects or multipurpose projects generate 22% of total electricity of India.

7. Which one of the following is not a benefit of the multipurpose river valley projects? (a) Control of floods (b) Generation of electricity (c) Environment degradation (d) Irrigation facility

Ans. (c) Explanation: Now environmentalist has great concern for these river valley projects. They have degraded environment as well as increase salinity of water. Their concern is related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water.

8. Name the village that has adopted rain water harvesting techniques completely in South India. (a) Gendathur in Mysore-Karnataka (b) Gulberga in Karnataka (c) Mettur village in Karnataka (d) Mithapur in Kerala

Ans. (a) Explanation: In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysore in Karnataka, villagers has installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. About 200 houses in this village have switched over to water harvesting technique and they successfully use clean drinking water.

9. The state which uses bamboo drip irrigation system from two centuries in India is ……………. (a) Mizoram (b) Assam (c) Meghalaya (d) Sikkim

Ans. (c) Explanation: This is very common method of irrigation in Meghalaya. Bamboos are used as pipes for the irrigation channels. The bamboo drip irrigation system is normally used to irrigate the betel leaf or black pepper crops planted in arecanut orchards or in mixed orchards. Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial springs on the hilltops to the lower reaches by gravity.

10. How many people in world will live in scarcity of water in the year 2025?

(a) 2 billion (b) 1 million (c) 1 trillion (d) 1.5 billion

Ans. (a) Explanation: The sources of drinking water are first exhausting due to many factors like environmental and social factors, thus, it will create major problem within next 20 years. It is predicted that by 2025, nearly two billion people will live in absolute water scarcity.

11. The state that has introduced compulsory roof top rainwater harvesting Act in India is …………… (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Karnataka (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Kerala

Ans. (c) Explanation: Tamil Nadu is the first and the only state in India which has made roof top rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. Tamil Nadu even has legal provisions to punish the defaulters.

12. The rank that is attributed to India in terms of water availability per person per annum is ………….. (a) 121 (b) 127 (c) 136 (d) 133

Ans. (d) Explanation: The UN world development report of 2003 has ranked India in 133 which mean India will join the countries of water scarcity in near future by 2025. India receives nearly 4 per cent of the global precipitation.

13. The increase in industrialization and urbanization has effected not only the ______, but also the ______of water resources. (a) salinity ; chlorine (b) potential ; actual (c) accumulation ; pollution (d) quantity ; quality

Ans. (d) Explanation: The increase in industrialization and urbanization is not only over- taxing the fragile water resources, but are also affecting the qualitative aspects of water resources. Pollution by domestic and industrial waste is harming the quality of Potable water.

14. Which one of the following factors is common between the leeward side of the Western Ghats, Ladakh and western India (deserts of Rajasthan)? (a) These are the drought prone areas of India. (b) These areas face flood every year. (c) These areas have ample forest cover. (d) It rains throughout the year in these areas.

Ans. (a) Explanation: These are the areas which face shortage of water and are the major drought prone areas of India. These are the regions having low rainfall.

15. Which famous leader has said that the multipurpose river valley projects are temple of modern India?

(a) Gandhi. (b) Jawaharlal. (c) Tilak. (d) Ambedkar.

Ans. (b) Explanation: Soon after the independence Nehru termed multipurpose as temples as they integrate the economies of rural and urban areas. These projects, with their integrated water resources management approach, were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation to development and progress, overcoming the handicap of its colonial past.

16. In ancient time, what was the main aim for constructing dam?

(a) fishing. (b) navigation. (c) water storage. (d) recreation.

Ans. (c) Explanation: The main purpose of dam construction was to store river water and rain water for irrigation purpose. Conserving this floodwater is also one of the main aims to construct dams.

17. How the rooftop rainwater is recharged? (a) By using hand pumps. (b) By using motor pumps. (c) By using canals. (d) By using pulleys.

Ans. (a) Explanation: Water collected by roof top harvesting is sent back to ground by PVC pipes; from there it is reused using hand pumps or Abandoned Dug well.

18. The dispute between Karnataka and Andhra is over ………. river.

(a) Krishna. (b) Godavari. (c) Tungabhadra. (d) Koyna.

Ans. (a) Explanation: Due to the interstate nature of the river and the multiple parties concerned, disputes arose between the states of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh over sharing of the waters. According to irrigation experts in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh was able to use liberally the water of the Krishna for decades, as the governments of, Karnataka and Maharashtra, had ignored the needs of the areas of the Krishna basin that came under their control. In Karnataka's case many drought-prone, backward areas became part of it after the reorganization of states.

19. Which one of the following economic activity is responsible for quality deterioration of water?

(a) agriculture. (b) basket making. (c) forestry. (d) mat weaving.

Ans. (a) Explanation: The agriculture activities use chemical fertilizers and pesticides which flow down to the water bodies. As a result they pollute rivers etc hence making it hazardous for human use.

20. What does the process of water renewal and recharge is known as?

(a) bi-cycle. (b) biosphere cycle. (c) atmospheric cycle. (d) hydrological cycle.

Ans. (d) Explanation: Hydrological cycle or water cycle is a process in which water keeps moving between atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource.

21. Bamboo irrigation is an example of ……..

(a) drip irrigation. (b) manual irrigation. (c) surface irrigation. (d) sprinkle irrigation.

Ans. (a) Explanation: Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, functions as its name suggests. Water is delivered at or near the root zone of plants, drop by drop. This method is the most water-efficient method of irrigation. By bamboos water is added in the roots. The bamboo drip irrigation system is normally used to irrigate the betel leaf or black pepper crops planted in arecanut orchards or in mixed orchards.

22. In which state Johad is found?

(a) Rajasthan. (b) Ladakh. (c) Madhya Pradesh. (d) Uttar Pradesh.

Ans. (a) Explanation: A johad is a rainwater storage tank principally used in the state of Rajasthan, India. In many parts of the state the annual rainfall is very low (between 450 and 600 mm) and the water can be unpleasant to drink. Rain falling during July and August is stored in johads and used throughout the year.

23. Palar Pani is the term used in which one of the following states?

(a) Himalayan region. (b) Sikkim. (c) Himachal. (d) Rajasthan.

Ans. (d) Explanation: Palar pani is the other name for rain water. It is commonly used for pure water in Rajasthan. Rainwater Palar pani is considered as the purest form of natural water.

24. Name the longest dam of the world. (a) 3 gorges dam, China. (b) Akhori dam in Pakistan. (c) Naurek dam, Tajikistan. (d) Hirakund dam, India.

Ans. (d) Explanation: Hirakund dam, the first post independence river valley project holds the distinction of being the longest dam of the world. It is built across the river Mahanadi and was formed for the purpose of irrigation and flood control. Hirakund dam is about 4.8 km long, bordered by earthen dyke. Along with the dykes, the length of the dam increases to 25.8 km. The storage capacity of Hirakund Dam is 5818 million m3.

25. The Narmada Bachao Andolan was originally focused on ………..

(a) submerged trees. (b) submerged houses. (c) displaced people. (d) loss of occupation.

Ans. (a) Explanation: Narmada Bachao Andalan was originally initiated to preserve the trees from getting submerged. It originally focused on the environmental issues related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water. However, the focus was shifted to people later on.