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GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO
GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO Table of Contents GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO......................................................................................................................1 by John Eikenberry..................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Symbolic Systems (GOFAI)................................................................................................................1 3. Connectionism.....................................................................................................................................1 4. Evolutionary Computing......................................................................................................................1 5. Alife & Complex Systems...................................................................................................................1 6. Agents & Robotics...............................................................................................................................1 7. Statistical & Machine Learning...........................................................................................................2 8. Missing & Dead...................................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................2 -
1 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This Copy of the Thesis Has Been
University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2012 Life Expansion: Toward an Artistic, Design-Based Theory of the Transhuman / Posthuman Vita-More, Natasha http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1182 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognize that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior consent. 1 Life Expansion: Toward an Artistic, Design-Based Theory of the Transhuman / Posthuman by NATASHA VITA-MORE A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfillment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Art & Media Faculty of Arts April 2012 2 Natasha Vita-More Life Expansion: Toward an Artistic, Design-Based Theory of the Transhuman / Posthuman The thesis’ study of life expansion proposes a framework for artistic, design-based approaches concerned with prolonging human life and sustaining personal identity. To delineate the topic: life expansion means increasing the length of time a person is alive and diversifying the matter in which a person exists. -
TEDX – What's Happening with Artificial Intelligence
What’s Happening With Artificial Intelligence? Steve Omohundro, Ph.D. PossibilityResearch.com SteveOmohundro.com SelfAwareSystems.com http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2015/06/inceptionism-going-deeper-into-neural.html Multi-Billion Dollar Investments • 2013 Facebook – AI lab • 2013 Ebay – AI lab • 2013 Allen Institute for AI • 2014 IBM - $1 billion in Watson • 2014 Google - $500 million, DeepMind • 2014 Vicarious - $70 million • 2014 Microsoft – Project Adam, Cortana • 2014 Baidu – Silicon Valley • 2015 Fanuc – Machine Learning for Robotics • 2015 Toyota – $1 billion, Silicon Valley • 2016 OpenAI – $1 billion, Silicon Valley http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/disruptive_technologies McKinsey: AI and Robotics to 2025 $50 Trillion! US GDP is $18 Trillion http://cdn-media-1.lifehack.org/wp-content/files/2014/07/Cash.jpg 86 Billion Neurons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Human_brain_01.jpg http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776484/ The Connectome http://discovermagazine.com/~/media/Images/Issues/2013/Jan-Feb/connectome.jpg 1957 Rosenblatt’s “Perceptron” http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article040101.html http://bio3520.nicerweb.com/Locked/chap/ch03/3_11-neuron.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Perceptron.svg “The embryo of an electronic computer that [the Navy] expects will be able to walk, talk, see, write, reproduce itself and be conscious of its existence.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron 1986 Backpropagation http://www.ifp.illinois.edu/~yuhuang/samsung/ANN.png -
Artificial Intelligence: Distinguishing Between Types & Definitions
19 NEV. L.J. 1015, MARTINEZ 5/28/2019 10:48 AM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN TYPES & DEFINITIONS Rex Martinez* “We should make every effort to understand the new technology. We should take into account the possibility that developing technology may have im- portant societal implications that will become apparent only with time. We should not jump to the conclusion that new technology is fundamentally the same as some older thing with which we are familiar. And we should not hasti- ly dismiss the judgment of legislators, who may be in a better position than we are to assess the implications of new technology.”–Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1016 I. WHY THIS MATTERS ......................................................................... 1018 II. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? ............................................... 1023 A. The Development of Artificial Intelligence ............................... 1023 B. Computer Science Approaches to Artificial Intelligence .......... 1025 C. Autonomy .................................................................................. 1026 D. Strong AI & Weak AI ................................................................ 1027 III. CURRENT STATE OF AI DEFINITIONS ................................................ 1029 A. Black’s Law Dictionary ............................................................ 1029 B. Nevada ..................................................................................... -
Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Trade Controls
Technical Report Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Trade Controls Strategic Trade Research Institute Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland June 2020 , The authors of this report invite liberal use of the information provided, requiring only that the reproduced material clearly cite the source, using: Andrea Viski, Scott Jones, Lindsay Rand, Tucker Boyce, and Jonas Siegel, “Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Trade Controls,” Strategic Trade Research Institute and Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland, June 2020. Report Design and Layout by Andrea Viski Copyright 2020, Strategic Trade Research Institute and Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland Printed in the United States of America Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Trade Controls Acknowledgments The authors would like to sincerely thank the participants of the dialogue on Emerging Technologies and Strategic Trade Controls held at the Stimson Center in Washington DC on March 14, 2019, as well as the participants of the dialogue on Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Trade Controls held at the Ronald Reagan International Trade Center on March 9, 2020. The authors would also like to thank Amy Nelson, Kevin Wolf, Carl Wocke, Aaron Mannes, Timothy Gildea, Aaron Arnold, Todd Perry, Nancy Gallagher, and Richard Cupitt for their support, comments, ideas, and feedback on this report. About the Strategic Trade Research Institute The Strategic Trade Research Institute was founded in 2017 and is an independent, international, board-governed non-profit organization dedicated to building networks of strategic trade research and practice through leadership, research, and innovation. STRI publishes the Strategic Trade Review, the leading peer reviewed journal dedicated to trade and security. -
Wise Leadership & AI 3
Wise Leadership and AI Leadership Chapter 3 | Behind the Scenes of the Machines What’s Ahead For Artificial General Intelligence? By Dr. Peter VERHEZEN With the AMROP EDITORIAL BOARD Putting the G in AI | 8 points True, generalized intelligence will be achieved when computers can do or learn anything that a human can. At the highest level, this will mean that computers aren’t just able to process the ‘what,’ but understand the ‘why’ behind data — context, and cause and effect relationships. Even someday chieving consciousness. All of this will demand ethical and emotional intelligence. 1 We underestimate ourselves The human brain is amazingly general compared to any digital device yet developed. It processes bottom-up and top-down information, whereas AI (still) only works bottom-up, based on what it ‘sees’, working on specific, narrowly defined tasks. So, unlike humans, AI is not yet situationally aware, nuanced, or multi-dimensional. 2 When can we expect AGI? Great minds do not think alike Some eminent thinkers (and tech entrepreneurs) see true AGI as only a decade or two away. Others see it as science fiction — AI will more likely serve to amplify human intelligence, just as mechanical machines have amplified physical strength. 3 AGI means moving from homo sapiens to homo deus Reaching AGI has been described by the futurist Ray Kurzweil as ‘singularity’. At this point, humans should progress to the ‘trans-human’ stage: cyber-humans (electronically enhanced) or neuro-augmented (bio-genetically enhanced). 4 The real risk with AGI is not malice, but unguided brilliance A super-intelligent machine will be fantastically good at meeting its goals. -
An Open Letter to the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
An Open Letter to the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons As companies building the technologies in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics that may be repurposed to develop autonomous weapons, we feel especially responsible in raising this alarm. We warmly welcome the decision of the UN’s Conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) to establish a Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems. Many of our researchers and engineers are eager to offer technical advice to your deliberations. We commend the appointment of Ambassador Amandeep Singh Gill of India as chair of the GGE. We entreat the High Contracting Parties participating in the GGE to work hard at finding means to prevent an arms race in these weapons, to protect civilians from their misuse, and to avoid the destabilizing effects of these technologies. We regret that the GGE’s first meeting, which was due to start today, has been cancelled due to a small number of states failing to pay their financial contributions to the UN. We urge the High Contracting Parties therefore to double their efforts at the first meeting of the GGE now planned for November. Lethal autonomous weapons threaten to become the third revolution in warfare. Once developed, they will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend. These can be weapons of terror, weapons that despots and terrorists use against innocent populations, and weapons hacked to behave in undesirable ways. We do not have long to act. Once this Pandora’s box is opened, it will be hard to close. -
The Technological Singularity and the Transhumanist Dream
ETHICAL CHALLENGES The technological singularity and the transhumanist dream Miquel Casas Araya Peralta In 1997, an AI beat a human world chess champion for the first time in history (it was IBM’s Deep Blue playing Garry Kasparov). Fourteen years later, in 2011, IBM’s Watson beat two winners of Jeopardy! (Jeopardy is a general knowledge quiz that is very popular in the United States; it demands a good command of the language). In late 2017, DeepMind’s AlphaZero reached superhuman levels of play in three board games (chess, go and shogi) in just 24 hours of self-learning without any human intervention, i.e. it just played itself. Some of the people who have played against it say that the creativity of its moves make it seem more like an alien that a computer program. But despite all that, in 2019 nobody has yet designed anything that can go into a strange kitchen and fry an egg. Are our machines truly intelligent? Successes and failures of weak AI The fact is that today AI can solve ever more complex specific problems with a level of reliability and speed beyond our reach at an unbeatable cost, but it fails spectacularly in the face of any challenge for which it has not been programmed. On the other hand, human beings have become used to trivialising everything that can be solved by an algorithm and have learnt to value some basic human skills that we used to take for granted, like common sense, because they make us unique. Nevertheless, over the last decade, some influential voices have been warning that our skills PÀGINA 1 / 9 may not always be irreplaceable. -
Between Ape and Artilect Createspace V2
Between Ape and Artilect Conversations with Pioneers of Artificial General Intelligence and Other Transformative Technologies Interviews Conducted and Edited by Ben Goertzel This work is offered under the following license terms: Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0) See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details Copyright © 2013 Ben Goertzel All rights reserved. ISBN: ISBN-13: “Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman – a rope over an abyss.” -- Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra Table&of&Contents& Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7! Itamar Arel: AGI via Deep Learning ................................................................. 11! Pei Wang: What Do You Mean by “AI”? .......................................................... 23! Joscha Bach: Understanding the Mind ........................................................... 39! Hugo DeGaris: Will There be Cyborgs? .......................................................... 51! DeGaris Interviews Goertzel: Seeking the Sputnik of AGI .............................. 61! Linas Vepstas: AGI, Open Source and Our Economic Future ........................ 89! Joel Pitt: The Benefits of Open Source for AGI ............................................ 101! Randal Koene: Substrate-Independent Minds .............................................. 107! João Pedro de Magalhães: Ending Aging .................................................... -
AIDA Hearing on AI and Competitiveness of 23 March 2021
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN A DIGITAL AGE (AIDA) HEARING ON AI AND COMPETITIVENESS Panel I: AI Governance Kristi Talving, Deputy Secretary General for Business Environment, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, Estonia Khalil Rouhana, Deputy Director General DG-CONNECT (CNECT), European Commission Kay Firth-Butterfield, Head of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learnings; Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum Dr. Sebastian Wieczorek, Vice President – Artificial Intelligence Technology, SAP SE, external expert (until October 2020) in the study commission on AI in the Bundestag * * * Panel II: the perspective of Business and the Industry Prof. Volker Markl, Chair of Research Group at TU Berlin, Database Systems and Information Management, Director of the Intelligent Analytics for Massive Data Research Group at DFKI and Director of the Berlin Big Data Center and Secretary of the VLDB Endowment Moojan Asghari, Cofounder/Initiator of Women in AI, Founder/CEO of Thousand Eyes On Me Marina Geymonat, Expert for AI strategy @ Ministry for Economic Development, Italy. Head, Artificial intelligence Platform @TIM, Telecom Italia Group Jaan Tallinn, founding engineer of Skype and Kazaa as well as a cofounder of the Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk and Future of Life Institute 2 23-03-2021 BRUSSELS TUESDAY 23 MARCH 2021 1-002-0000 IN THE CHAIR: DRAGOŞ TUDORACHE Chair of the Special Committee on Artificial Intelligence in a Digital Age (The meeting opened at 9.06) Opening remarks 1-003-0000 Chair. – Good morning dear colleagues. I hope you are all connected and you can hear and see us in the room. Welcome to this new hearing of our committee. -
Ssoar-2020-Selle-Der Effektive Altruismus Als Neue.Pdf
www.ssoar.info Der effektive Altruismus als neue Größe auf dem deutschen Spendenmarkt: Analyse von Spendermotivation und Leistungsmerkmalen von Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) auf das Spenderverhalten; eine Handlungsempfehlung für klassische NRO Selle, Julia Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Arbeitspapier / working paper Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Selle, J. (2020). Der effektive Altruismus als neue Größe auf dem deutschen Spendenmarkt: Analyse von Spendermotivation und Leistungsmerkmalen von Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) auf das Spenderverhalten; eine Handlungsempfehlung für klassische NRO. (Opuscula, 137). Berlin: Maecenata Institut für Philanthropie und Zivilgesellschaft. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-67950-4 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.de MAECENATA Julia Selle Der effektive Altruismus als neue Größe auf dem deutschen Spendenmarkt Analyse von Spendermotivation und Leistungsmerkmalen von Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) auf das Spenderverhalten. Eine Handlungsempfehlung für klassische NRO. Opusculum Nr.137 Juni 2020 Die Autorin Julia Selle studierte an den Universität -
Exploratory Engineering in AI
MIRI MACHINE INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Exploratory Engineering in AI Luke Muehlhauser Machine Intelligence Research Institute Bill Hibbard University of Wisconsin Madison Space Science and Engineering Center Muehlhauser, Luke and Bill Hibbard. 2013. “Exploratory Engineering in AI” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 57 No. 9, Pages 32–34. doi:10.1145/2644257 This version contains minor changes. Luke Muehlhauser, Bill Hibbard We regularly see examples of new artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. Google’s self- driving car has safely traversed thousands of miles. Watson beat the Jeopardy! cham- pions, and Deep Blue beat the chess champion. Boston Dynamics’ Big Dog can walk over uneven terrain and right itself when it falls over. From many angles, software can recognize faces as well as people can. As their capabilities improve, AI systems will become increasingly independent of humans. We will be no more able to monitor their decisions than we are now able to check all the math done by today’s computers. No doubt such automation will produce tremendous economic value, but will we be able to trust these advanced autonomous systems with so much capability? For example, consider the autonomous trading programs which lost Knight Capital $440 million (pre-tax) on August 1st, 2012, requiring the firm to quickly raise $400 mil- lion to avoid bankruptcy (Valetkevitch and Mikolajczak 2012). This event undermines a common view that AI systems cannot cause much harm because they will only ever be tools of human masters. Autonomous trading programs make millions of trading decisions per day, and they were given sufficient capability to nearly bankrupt one of the largest traders in U.S.