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Integrated Agri-Aquaculture in Desert and Arid Lands: Learning from Case Studies from Algeria, Egypt and Oman

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Integrated Agri-Aquaculture in Desert and Arid Lands: Learning from Case Studies from Algeria, Egypt and Oman RNE/C1195 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular ISSN 2070-6065 INTEGRATED AGRI-AQUACULTURE IN DESERT AND ARID LANDS: LEARNING FROM CASE STUDIES FROM ALGERIA, EGYPT AND OMAN Cover photographs: @FAO/Valerio Crespi FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1195 RNE/C1195 (En) Integrated agri-aquaculture in desert and arid lands: Learning from case studies from Algeria, Egypt and Oman Edited by Richard Corner FAO International Consultant/Technical Editor United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Haydar Fersoy Senior Fishery and Aquaculture Officer Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa (RNE) Cairo, Egypt and Valerio Crespi Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer Subregional Office for North Africa (SNE) Tunis, Tunisia FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Cairo, 2020 Required citation: Corner, R., Fersoy, H. and Crespi, V (eds). 2020. Integrated agri-aquaculture in desert and arid Lands: Learning from case studies from Algeria, Egypt and Oman. Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1195. Cairo, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8610en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-132405-9 © FAO, 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT The FAO Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity for the Near East and North Africa (WSI) was initiated in 2013, in response to a strong request from the 31st Session of the FAO Near East and North Africa (NENA) Regional Conference held in Rome in May 2012, and impacted by outcomes from the Kyoto Framework Agreement 2005–2015, within which lack of water resources is seen as a potential disaster scenario for the region. This document provides results from a WSI sub-project on the use of non-conventional water resources in integrated agriculture - aquaculture (IAA) systems as a means to produce more food per unit of water used, using case studies from three selected countries: Algeria, Egypt and Oman. These countries were identified as representative of cross-regional differences in non-conventional water use for integration of agriculture and aquaculture in the NENA region. Within the three countries National Task Forces (NTFs) where set up and with the support of national partners, initiated country-based reviews, undertaken by NTFs and national consultants. These reviews included a review of IAA activities undertaken in each country, farm visits, questionnaire surveys and interviews. This was supplemented by farmer to farmer visits that enabled sharing of best management practices on IAA. Activity was concluded with a regional workshop held in Cairo, Egypt on 25–26 June 2019. The report summarizes evidence of current IAA activity in the three partner countries participating in the project, with full country reports available as appendices. This document is of relevance to IAA practitioners, industry organizations, farmer associations, aquaculture policy makers and other stakeholders in all countries within the NENA region where there is a need to promote the smart use of water to maximize production of food and improve food security, both agricultural and aquaculture-based, in arid regions, using where possible non- conventional and other sources of water. The document concludes with a roadmap for upscaling of IAA in arid lands, developed by the experts who attended the Cairo workshop that should provide a sound basis for future development of Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture within the NENA region. The three national reports were edited by Richard Anthony Corner (FAO consultant) and the final document was prepared by Richard Corner, Haydar Fersoy (Senior Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer, FAORNE) and Valerio Crespi (Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer, FAOSNE). v CONTENTS PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT ................................................................................ iii CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................................................ vii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................. viii SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................................ix 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background of the study........................................................................................ 1 1.2. Objectives of the project ........................................................................................ 2 1.3. Criteria for countries selection ............................................................................... 3 1.4. National partners ................................................................................................... 4 2. Water resources and integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA) systems ....................... 5 2.1. Water scarcity ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Context for NENA countries .................................................................................. 6 2.3. Coping with water scarcity and types of non-conventional water resources........... 7 2.4. Integrated agriculture-aquaculture food production techniques ............................. 8 2.4.1. Introduction to integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA) .................................... 8 2.4.2. Aquaponics ...................................................................................................... 9 3. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 11 3.1. Establishment of national task forces .................................................................. 11 3.2. Preparation of national reports ............................................................................ 11 3.3. Farmer to farmer visits ........................................................................................ 11 3.4. Regional workshop.............................................................................................. 12 4. Results ....................................................................................................................... 13 4.1. Partner Country Reports summary results .......................................................... 13 4.1.1. Integrated agriculture-aquaculture activities .................................................... 13 4.1.2. Main sources of water used in agriculture and aquaculture ............................ 14 4.1.3.
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