Le Sanctuaire De Futarasan-Jinja

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Le Sanctuaire De Futarasan-Jinja © alexmgn/iStock © Nikko Nagano Tokyo Mer du Japon Kamakura Yokoama JAPON Fuji-Yama Odawara Hikone Nagoya Kyoto Ise Osaka Toba Himeji-Jo Nara Futami Hiroshima LE SANCTUAIRE DE FUTARASAN-JINJA Miyajima LE cœUR MYSTIQUE DE NIKKO Matsuyama Océan Pacifique Le site de Nikko, petite cité nichée sur les rives de la rivière Daiya Gawa, est célèbre pour son immense ensemble consacré à l’origine à trois divinités du mont Nantai. Du IXe au XVIe siècle, plus de trente temples vinrent s’adjoindre au sanctuaire initial, grâce aux dons des empereurs et des daimyos, les plus puissants gouverneurs féodaux au Japon. C’est au XVIIe siècle, en 1617, que Nikko acquit sa grande gloire, lorsqu’y furent transférées les cendres de Tokugawa leyasu, le grand unificateur du Japon et le premier shogun de la lignée Tokugawa qui dirigea le Japon de 1603 à 1867. Si le mausolée de Tokugawa est le cœur historique de Nikko, le Futarasan Jinja en est le cœur mystique, témoin de la permanence des traditions nées de la fusion de la philosophie bouddhiste et des cultes antiques du shinto. Un moine bouddhiste montagnard Un sanctuaire dans la nature Devant le honden, le sanctuaire central, trône En 782, le moine Shodo, un ascète boudd- Le premier sanctuaire élevé par Shodo fut une lanterne en bronze de 1293, Bake dôrô, la histe montagnard, réussit enfin l’ascension reconstruit en 808 par l’un de ses disciples, “lanterne du spectre”, qui porte les traces des du mont Nantai. Au retour de la troisième Tachibana Toshitô, puis, à nouveau, en 1610, coups de sabre donnés par les gardiens du tentative, en deux jours et après sept jours de prenant dès lors l’aspect que nous lui connais- temple, effrayés par la danse erratique de sa prière, il fonda le sanctuaire de Shihonryu Ji, sons aujourd’hui. Pour y accéder, on traverse flamme ! Près du honden, le petit sanctuaire du devenu ensuite le Futarasan Jinja, ainsi que d’abord le pont de bois sacré Shynkyo, laqué Daikokuden abrite l’effigie d’Ōkuninushi, ainsi le temple de Rinnoji qui abrite aujourd’hui de rouge, qui commémore le franchissement qu’un sabre de 2,60 m de long, classé parmi trois bouddhas en bois doré de huit mètres des eaux agitées de la rivière Gingya par le les trésors nationaux du Japon, tandis que le de haut, incarnant les montagnes sacrées de moine Shodo grâce à l’aide de deux serpents Mitomo-jinja est consacré à Sukunahikona, Nikko. enlacés qui formèrent un arc au-dessus de la le dieu nain qui aida Ōkuninushi. Derrière Dominant Nikko de ses 2 486 mètres, le rivière. On emprunte ensuite les allées bor- le sanctuaire, coule la fontaine Futara dont volcan Nantai et les monts Nyotai et Taro dées de cryptomères géants et ponctuées de l’eau, venue du mont Korei, aurait pour vertu qui l’encadrent, sont, dans la religion shinto, toris (portiques sacrés) monumentaux pour de guérir les maladies des yeux. passer devant les complexes du Rinno ji et associés à Ōkuninushi, dieu de la médecine Le festival du printemps, Yayoi san et des affaires, à son épouse Takiribime et à du Tosho gu, puis on accède au Futarasan Le Futarasan est le lieu le plus sacré de Nikko leur fils Ajisukitakahikone, dieu du tonnerre. par un tori en bronze, précédé d’un chozuya, et, chaque mois, des processions se dirigent Les multiples légendes autour de la vie d’Oku- fontaine de purification. vers le sanctuaire pour des cérémonies d’hom- ninushi font partie des mythes fondateurs du Comme il est de tradition dans les temples mage à la divinité. Une petite construction en shintoïsme. Le Kojiki, la Chronique des faits japonais, le sanctuaire principal est précédé bois, élevée en 1617 par Masakiyo Nakai, le anciens, le plus ancien livre japonais connu, d’un hall des offrandes, le haiden, simple- charpentier officiel des Tokugawa, abrite les lui attribue de nombreuses aventures Ce fut ment couvert de laque vermillon et noir et trois autels portatifs utilisés lors des proces- avec l’aide d’un kami sous la forme d’un dont la sobriété contraste avec l’exubérance sions. La plus connue et la plus spectaculaire lapin blanc qu’il gagna la main de la prin- baroque qui est de règle dans les sanctuaires de ces fêtes est le Yayoi matsuri. Depuis le VIIIe cesse Yagami, au grand dam de ses frères plus récents de Nikko. siècle, chaque année, en avril, la procession qui tentèrent de le tuer. Okuninushi dut se devient grandiose et spectaculaire quand les réfugier auprès du dieu Susanoo-no-Mikoto, douze chars – hana-yatai –, dignes de ceux frère de la déesse solaire Amaterasu, exilé des grands carnavals, réalisés par les douze dans l’outre-monde. Là, il tomba amoureux © Saigen Jiro quartiers de Nikko, décorés de fleurs, accom- de la princesse Suseri, la fille de Susanoo, pagnés de cavaliers, de jeunes gens en cos- dont il obtint la main après avoir triomphé tumes d’époque, de musiciens jouant de la flûte de nombreuses épreuves grâce à l’aide et du tambour, convergent vers le Futarasan. d’un kami-souris. Cependant, au Futarasan, Les danses rituelles, les échanges de cartes c’est Takiribime qui est considérée comme entre les “chefs de quartier” sont strictement son épouse, avec laquelle il forme le couple codifiés par la tradition et aucun dérèglement divin protecteur de la terre et des rivières qui ne doit venir perturber la cérémonie millimé- alimentent en eau les rizières. Le dieu Okuninushi trée, car il serait de mauvais augure... POUR VISITER LE JAPON Le Japon. Empire du Soleil-Levant • JA 31 - 13 jours • à partir de 5 100 € 20 8 au 20/04/19 avec Marie Camelbeeck • Avec le festival du printemps Yayoi San à Nikko et les danses Miyako Odori à Kyoto 10 au 22/05/19 avec Marie Camelbeeck • Avec l’Aoï Matsuri de Kyoto et le grand festival du printemps, Shunki Reitaisai, à Nikko Le Japon accueillant à l’automne 2019 la coupe du monde de Rugby il nous est impossible de programmer un voyage durant cette période. 2 LA ROUTE DE LA SOIE CHINOISE DE XI’AN À KASHGAR Cela fait plus de deux millénaires que la soie, spécialité chinoise, a tracé sa propre voie commerciale entre l’Orient et l’Occident. Aujourd’hui, d’oasis en oasis chinois, en traversant les paysages grandioses des déserts et des piémonts himalayens, vous mettrez vos pas dans ceux des millions d’hommes qui rendirent cette route mythique. A n’en pas douter, la Chine de l’Ouest vous laissera un souvenir digne de sa légende. Kashgar Le Taklamakan Urumtsi, cité ouïgour Turfan • La foire de Kashgar • Les mausolées • Le bazar • Les villes mortes • Le tombeau soufi des Khans • Les momies caucasiennes de Jiaohe et Gaochang d’Abakh Hodja • Le musée de Khotan du musée du Xinjiang • La nécropole d’Astana • Le lac Karakul • Le stupa de Rawak • Le système d’irrigation des Kareez © axz66/iStock © Rat0007/iStock © © 29cm © Hans Harms/iStock Guazhou Russie • Dunhuang, Urumqi les grottes de Mogao T urfan M ongolie • Les grottes de Yulin Kashgar Xinkiang • Qianfoxidong, les grottes Guazhou Hohhot Yarkand Désert Dunhuang Mongolie Intérieure des Mille Bouddhas Pékin du Taklamakan Hotan Jiayuguan Lanzhou T ibet Hoang Hô Tianshui Hoang - Hô X i’an Jiayuguan Tianshui et Lanzhou Xi’an • La forteresse • Les grottes du Maijishan • Le musée du Shaanxi © axz66/iStock • Les tombeaux des Wei • Le musée du Khansu • La Pagode de l’Oie sauvage et des Jin • Les grottes de Binglingsi • L’armée de terre cuite © Lindrik/iStock© © KenLeung1104/iStock © steve_is_on_holiday/iStock © © sihasakprachum/iStock © La route de la Soie chinoise 19 Avec Isabelle Pons Voyageurs, marchands et missionnaires Diplômée en Archéologie et Xi’an, Dunhuang, Tourfan, Kashgar, Urumtsi en Histoire de l’Art. CH 34 - 18 jours • à partir de 4 440 € Conférencière attachée à 8 au 25/08/19 • 5 au 22/09/19 l’Institut du monde arabe (IMA) © zorazhuang/iStock© Pour plus d'informations : 01 53 68 82 82 - [email protected] - www.clio.fr 3.
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