DOCSLIB.ORG

553934(1).Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
553934(1).Pdf T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ TARİHİ BİLİM DALI TÜRK SİYASİ HAYATINDA İHSAN SABRİ ÇAĞLAYANGİL Yüksek Lisans Tezi Abdulsamet YILDIRIM Ankara-2019 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ TARİHİ BİLİM DALI TÜRK SİYASİ HAYATINDA İHSAN SABRİ ÇAĞLAYANGİL Yüksek Lisans Tezi Abdulsamet YILDIRIM Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Abdullah Gündoğdu Ankara-2019 İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................................i ÖNSÖZ ......................................................................................................................................iv KISALTMALAR......................................................................................................................vii GİRİŞ ..........................................................................................................................................1 BÖLÜM I....................................................................................................................................5 1 . ÇAĞLAYANGİL’İN SİYASET ÖNCESİ BÜROKRATLIK DÖNEMİ .............................5 1.1. EMNİYET MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ YILLARI .................................................................................5 1.1.1. Dersim Harekâtı.........................................................................................................6 1.1.2. Struma Olayı............................................................................................................10 1.1.3. Athenagoras’ın Patrik Oluşu ...................................................................................13 1.2. VALİLİK YILLARI ...............................................................................................................15 1.2.1. Yozgat Valiliği Dönemi ve 1950 Seçimleri ............................................................16 1.2.2. Antalya Valiliği Dönemi .........................................................................................17 1.2.3. Çanakkale Valiliğinden Sivas Valiliğine Getirilmesi ve 1954 Seçimleri................18 1.2.4. Bursa Valiliği Dönemi.............................................................................................20 1.2.5. 27 Mayıs ve Yassıada Günleri.................................................................................22 BÖLÜM 2 .................................................................................................................................26 2. ÇAĞLAYANGİL’İN DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI ÖNCESİ SİYASİ HAYATI ...................26 2.1. 27 MAYIS DARBESİ SONRASI TÜRKİYE’DE SİYASİ ATMOSFER VE ÇAĞLAYANGİL’İN SİYASETE ATILIŞI................................................................................26 2.1.1. Darbe Sonrası Siyasi Durum ...................................................................................26 2.1.2. Bürokratlıktan Politikacılığa, Çağlayangil’in Siyasete Atılışı ................................28 2.1.3. Cumhuriyet Senatosu’nda Çağlayangil ...................................................................29 2.2. KOALİSYON HÜKÜMETLERİ, ÜRGÜPLÜ HÜKÜMETİ VE ÇAĞLAYANGİL’İN ENERJİ BAKANLIĞI ...................................................................................................................30 2.2.1. 1961-1965 İnönü Koalisyon Hükümetleri...............................................................30 2.2.2. Sunay’ın Mektubu ve Huzur Toplantıları................................................................31 2.2.3. Üçüncü Koalisyon Hükümetinin Düşürülmesi........................................................35 2.2.4. Suat Hayri Ürgüplü Hükümeti.................................................................................36 2.2.5. Çağlayangil’in Çalışma Bakanlığı Dönemi.............................................................37 i BÖLÜM 3 .................................................................................................................................41 3. TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA ÇAĞLAYANGİL DÖNEMİ .............................................41 3.1. ADALET PARTİSİ İKTİDARI VE ÇAĞLAYANGİL’İN DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANI OLUŞU ............................................................................................................................................43 3.1.1. Adalet Partisi’nin Kuruluşu.....................................................................................43 3.1.2. Süleyman Demirel’in Yükselişi...............................................................................45 3.1.3. 1965 Seçimleri ve Milli Bakiye Sistemi..................................................................46 3.1.4. Çağlayangil’in Dışişleri Bakanı Oluşu....................................................................49 3.1.5. Çağlayangil’in Dışişleri Bakanı Olmasına Gelen Tepkiler .....................................51 3.2. ÇAĞLAYANGİL’İN DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI DÖNEMİNDE TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASINDAKİ MESELELER...........................................................................................55 3.2.1. Türk-Yunan İlişkileri ve Kıbrıs Meselesi................................................................55 3.2.1.1. Tarihte Kıbrıs............................................................................................56 3.2.1.2. Kıbrıs Meselesinin Ortaya Çıkışı .............................................................59 3.2.1.3. Çağlayangil Dönemi Kıbrıs Meselesi.......................................................63 Birleşmiş Milletler 20. Genel Kurulu’nda Kıbrıs Meselesi ...............................65 Johnson Mektubu ...............................................................................................68 Türkiye-Yunanistan İkili Görüşmeleri...............................................................72 Ada’ya Müdahale Kararı....................................................................................75 3.2.2. Türkiye - Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu İlişkileri ...................................................79 3.2.2.1. Avrupa Kömür ve Çelik Topluluğu’ndan Avrupa Birliği’ne: Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu (AET)’nin Tarihçesi ....................................................................79 3.2.2.2. Türkiye’nin AET’e Üyelik Çalışmaları....................................................81 1959 Türkiye’nin AET’e Ortaklık Başvurusu....................................................82 1963 Ankara Antlaşması....................................................................................84 3.2.2.3. Çağlayangil Dönemi Türkiye-AET İlişkileri............................................86 Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı - Dışişleri Bakanlığı Çekişmesi ...............................88 Katma Protokol ..................................................................................................90 3.2.3. Türkiye – ABD İlişkileri..........................................................................................92 3.2.3.1. Türk-Amerikan İkili Antlaşmaları............................................................95 3.2.3.2. Türkiye’de Bulunan Amerikan Üs ve Tesisleri........................................99 3.2.3.3. 1975 ABD’nin Türkiye’ye Silah Ambargosu.........................................103 3.2.4. Türkiye – SSCB İlişkileri ......................................................................................105 3.2.4.1. SSCB Başbakanı Kosigin’in Türkiye’ye Ziyareti ..................................106 3.2.4.2. 25 Mart 1967 Tarihli Türk-Sovyet Anlaşması .......................................107 3.2.4.3. Başbakan Süleyman Demirel’in SSCB’yi Ziyareti ................................108 3.2.4.4. Dışişleri Bakanı Çağlayangil’in SSCB’yi Ziyareti.................................110 3.2.4.5. Cumhurbaşkanı Cevdet Sunay’ın SSCB’yi Ziyareti ..............................111 ii 3.2.4.6. 1975 Türk-Sovyet Ekonomik Antlaşması ..............................................113 3.2.4.7. SSCB Başbakanı Kosigin’in Türkiye’ye İkinci Ziyareti........................114 3.2.4.8. 1977 Dışişleri Bakanı Çağlayangil’in SSCB’yi Ziyareti ve Türkiye-SSCB Arasında İmzalanan Ekonomik İşbirliği, Bilimsel ve Teknik İşbirliği, Ticari Mübadele Antlaşmaları..................................................................................................................115 3.2.5. Ortadoğu’daki Gelişmeler .....................................................................................116 3.2.5.1. İslam Konferansı Örgütü ........................................................................117 3.2.5.2. Arap-İsrail Çatışması ve Türkiye’nin tavrı.............................................122 3.2.5.3 Mısır ve Diğer Ortadoğu Ülkeleri ile İlişkiler.........................................123 BÖLÜM 4 ...............................................................................................................................129 4. DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI SONRASI HAYATI................................................................129 4.1. CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI VEKİLLİĞİ DÖNEMİ...........................................................129 4.2. 12 EYLÜL 1980 ASKERİ DARBESİ................................................................................131 4.3. SİYASİ YASAKLAR...........................................................................................................133 4.4. BÜYÜK TÜRKİYE PARTİSİ ............................................................................................134 4.5. ZİNCİRBOZAN GÜNLERİ................................................................................................137
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 553098 (1).Pdf
    T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILÂP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ CUMHURİYET HALK PARTİSİ VİLAYET/İL KONGRELERİNİN PARTİ POLİTİKALARINA ETKİLERİ (1930-1950) Doktora Tezi Sezai Kürşat ÖKTE Ankara-2019 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILÂP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ CUMHURİYET HALK PARTİSİ VİLAYET/İL KONGRELERİNİN PARTİ POLİTİKALARINA ETKİLERİ (1930-1950) Doktora Tezi Öğrencinin Adı Sezai Kürşat ÖKTE Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Ankara-2019 ÖZET Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, 9 Eylül 1923’te Türkiye’de cumhuriyetin ilanından hemen önce kurulmuş ve 1923-1950 yılları arasında 27 yıl süreyle iktidarda kalmıştır. Cumhuriyet dönemi başlangıcında ve 1945-1946 yılları arasında çok partili siyasal hayata geçişte önemli bir rol oynayan CHP; ülke yönetimini 1950’de Demokrat Parti’ye devretmiştir. Dolayısıyla CHP, Türk Siyasi Tarihi’nin bu sürecinde; ülkede yaşanan siyasal, sosyal, iktisadi ve kültürel bütün gelişmelerin yönlendiricisi olmuştur. Türkiye Siyaseti’nde böyle önemli bir konuma sahip olmakla beraber, kendi iktidarından sonra yaşanan siyasal gelişmeleri, kurulan siyasal parti ve kurumları da etkilemiştir. Bu nedenle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi üzerine yapılan birçok araştırmanın da başlangıcında ve günümüze kadar gelen süreçte, CHP bir şekilde yer almış, halen de almaktadır. Bu çalışmada; 1930-1950 yılları arasında, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’ne bağlı vilayet örgütlerinin, düzenlemiş oldukları kongrelerde görüşülüp, karara bağlanan ve parti merkez yönetimine iletilen hususların, parti politikalarına etkisinin olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel
    [Show full text]
  • THE CYPRUS QUESTION in the MAKING and the ATTITUDE of the SOVIET UNION TOWARDS the CYPRUS QUESTION (1960-1974) a Master's
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bilkent University Institutional Repository THE CYPRUS QUESTION IN THE MAKING AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE SOVIET UNION TOWARDS THE CYPRUS QUESTION (1960-1974) A Master’s Thesis by MUSTAFA ÇAĞATAY ASLAN DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA September 2008 To my grandfathers Osman OYMAK and Mehmet Akif ASLAN, THE CYPRUS QUESTION IN THE MAKING AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE SOVIET UNION TOWARDS THE CYPRUS QUESTION (1960-1974) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by MUSTAFA ÇAĞATAY ASLAN In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA September 2008 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------- Associate Prof. Hakan Kırımlı Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------- Assistant Prof. Dr. Nur Bilge Criss Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------- Assistant Prof. Dr. Eugenia Kermeli Examining Committee Member Approval of the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences --------------------------- Prof. Dr. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT THE CYPRUS QUESTION IN THE MAKING AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE SOVIET UNION TOWARDS THE CYPRUS QUESTION (1960-1974) Aslan, Mustafa Çağatay M.A., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Associate Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Kıbrıs'ta Yaşananlar Ve Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı (1957-1964)
    Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi: AAM Derg., 2018 ; 34 (2) : 98 : 311-376 Makalenin Geliş ve Kabul Tarihleri : 14.06.2017-27.04.2018 KIBRIS’TA YAŞANANLAR VE TÜRK MUKAVEMET TEŞKİLATI (1957-1964) Dilek YİĞİT YÜKSEL* ÖZ Kıbrıs, coğrafi konumundan dolayı uluslararası siyaset alanında büyük önem taşı- maktadır. Kıbrıs Adası’nı yöneten devlet, Akdeniz ve çevresini kontrol edebilmektedir. Bundan dolayı tarihte mücadelelere ve savaşlara sahne olmuştur. 1878 yılında Osmanlı Devleti ile Birleşik Krallık (İngiltere) arasında imzalanan bir antlaşma ile Kıbrıs’ın yönetimi İngiltere’ye bırakılmıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı başladığında, tek yanlı bir kararla İngiltere adayı ilhak etmiştir. Daha sonra Kıbrıs, Taç Kolonisi ilan edilmiştir. Kıbrıslı Rumların organizasyonu olan EOKA 1955 yılında George Grivas liderliğinde hükûmete karşı saldırı başlatmıştır. Talepleri Enosis’tir (Yunanistan ile birleşmek). Sonra Kıbrıslı Türklere karşı katliam başlatmışlardır. Kıbrıslı Türklerin organizas- yonu olan Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı (TMT), 1957 yılında savunmaya başlamıştır. TMT Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin desteği ile yeniden yapılandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, TMT’nin kuruluşu, yapısı, savunma faaliyetleri ve Kıbrıs Adası’nda yaşanan süreç anlatılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı, Türk, İngiliz, Yunan ve Birleşmiş Milletler ara- sındaki ilişkilerin kronolojik özetini de içeren Kıbrıs konusundaki çalışmalara katkı sağlamaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti, Kıbrıslı Türkler, Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı, Enosis. * Öğr. Gör. Dr., Hacettepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, Ankara/TÜRKİYE, [email protected] Dilek YiĞiT YÜkSEL 312 Güz - 2018 INCIDENTS IN CYPRUS AND TURKISH RESISTANCE ORGANIZATION (1957-1964) ABSTRACT Cyprus is of strategic importance in international politics owing to its geographi- cal location. A state, which rules the Cyprus Island can be considered to control the Mediterranean and its surroundings. Therefore it had been a scene of struggles and battles in history.
    [Show full text]
  • Açiklamali Yönetim Zamandizini 1940 – 1949
    Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Kamu Yönetimi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi : 3 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İdare Tarihi Araştırması (TİDATA) AÇIKLAMALI YÖNETİM ZAMANDİZİNİ 1940 – 1949 Birgül Ayman GÜLER (Editör) Tekin AVANER Sonay Bayramoğlu ÖZUĞURLU Tayfun ÇINAR Can Umut ÇİNER Esra DİK Bülent DURU Nuray Ertürk KESKİN Ceren KALFA Barış ÖVGÜN Menaf TURAN Ankara, Aralık 2008 (c) AÜ SBF KAYAUM, Birgül A. Güler (Ed.) Açıklamalı Yönetim Zamandizini: 1940-1949 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İdare Tarihi Araştırması (TİDATA) AÜ SBF Kamu Yönetimi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi : 3 Ankara, 2008 Prof. Dr. Birgül Ayman GÜLER Araştırma Yöneticisi Tekin Avaner, Araştırma Yönetici Yrd. Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sonay Bayramoğlu ÖZUĞURLU Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tayfun ÇINAR Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nuray Ertürk KESKİN Dr. Bülent DURU Dr. Ceren KALFA Dr. Menaf TURAN Can Umut ÇİNER Esra DİK Barış ÖVGÜN ISBN: 978-975-482-799-6 1.Kamu Yönetimi 2. Türk İdare Tarihi 3. Cumhuriyet Tarihi 4. Yönetim Zamandizini I. Güler, Birgül Ayman (Ed.), II. Açıklamalı Yönetim Zamandizini: 1940-1949 Yayına Hazırlama: Serpil Hoşafçı Kapak Tasarım: Fikret Sarı Baskı Yeri: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi İncitaşı Sokak No: 10 06510 Beşevler / Ankara Tel: 0312 - 213 66 55 Basım Tarihi: 01.03.2009 Yayın Yeri: AÜ Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi KAYAUM Müdürlüğü Cebeci – Ankara Tel: (0312) 595 12 85 Eposta: [email protected] Site: http://kayaum.politics.ankara.edu.tr Bu çalışma Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Müdürlüğünce desteklenmiş ve Temmuz 2007- Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür.
    [Show full text]
  • German “Rationalisierung” on the S Turkish Shop Floor∗
    IRSH (), pp. – doi:./S © Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/./), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Experts, Exiles, and Textiles: German “Rationalisierung” on the s Turkish Shop Floor∗ G ÖRKEM A KGÖZ Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin re:work (IGK Work and Human Life Cycle in Global History) Georgenstr. , Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: In the wake of the Great Depression, in the early s the Turkish state decided to undertake an ambitious project of industrialization. Though state factories were presented and celebrated as model institutions of national modernity, their opera- tions were characterized from the outset by serious and chronic problems of ineffi- ciency and low productivity. To secure technical and managerial know-how on the shop floor, the Turkish state approached knowledgeable German industrial managers to organize its industrial production rationally, hoping to take advantage of the increas- ingly repressive political climate in Germany, which was driving leading experts into exile. This article analyses the transfer of scientific management from the German industrial context, with its craft control of the labour process and predominance of skilled labour with a strong labour movement, to Turkey, with its army of unskilled, cheap, and unorganized labour and where industrial development was in its infancy. INTRODUCTION In the transatlantic transfer of scientific management, the German case stands as a notable example of adaptation. Rather like their European counterparts, ∗ I am sincerely grateful to Aad Blok, Lars Christensen, Richard Croucher, Silke Neunsinger, ̇ Georges Khalil, Marcel van der Linden, Nurçin Ileri, Karsten Uhl, Pieter Verstraete, and my col- leagues at re:work for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Neo-Kemalism Vs. Neo-Democrats?
    ' TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY BETWEEN 1960-1971: NEO-KEMALISM VS. NEO-DEMOCRATS? Sedat LAÇ 0NER ‘I hope you will understand that your NATO allies have not had a chance to consider whether they have an obligation to protect Turkey against the Soviet Union if Turkey takes a step which results in Soviet intervention without the full consent and understanding of its NATO allies.’ 1 Lyndon B. Johnson, US President, 1964 ‘Atatürk taught us realism and rationalism. He was not an ideologue.’ 2 Süleyman Demirel , Turkish Prime Minister Abstract In the post-coup years two main factors; the détente process, and as a result of the détente significant change in the United States’ policies towards Turkey, started a chain-reaction process in Turkish foreign policy. During the 1960s several factors forced Turkish policy makers towards a new foreign policy. On the one hand, the Western attitude undermined the Kemalist and other Westernist schools and caused an ideological transformation in Turkish foreign policy. On the other hand, the military coup and disintegration process that it triggered also played very important role in the foreign policy transformation process. Indeed, by undermining Westernism in Turkey, the West caused an ideological crisis in Kemalism and other foreign policy schools. The 1960s also witnessed the start of the disintegration process in Turkish politics that provided a suitable environment for the resurgence of the Ottoman schools of thought, such as Islamism and Turkism. 1 The Middle East Journal , Vol. 20, No. 3, Summer 1966, p. 387. 2 0hsan Sabri Ça /layangil, Anılarım, ( My Memoirs ), ( 0stanbul: Güne 2, 1990), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Ata 589 Selected Topics in Turkish Political Thought: Experimenting with Population in Early Republican Turkey
    Ata 589 Selected Topics in Turkish Political Thought: Experimenting With Population in Early Republican Turkey ATA 589 (3 cr) Dr. M. Asım Karaömerlioğlu Fall 2014 Atatürk Enstitüsü #16 ATA Seminar Room Phone: 359 6646 Thursday 678 Email:[email protected] The interest in population issues has never been a contemporary issue of our times. From around the late 19th century through the interwar years, deep concern for population issues can widely be observed in many parts of the world. Indeed, these issues became almost an obsession of public, political and academic debates all around the world. In the age of nationalist rivalry, imperialism, alarming decline of women’s fertility in certain countries and the population catastrophe that World War I imposed made elites all over the world took up population issues and integrated them as essential parts of their social and political projects. During the war, some 15 million people, mostly men, perished. In France, for example, one in ten males died during the war. In the crisis atmosphere of the postwar era when revolutions, insurrections, civil wars, forced migrations, labor unrests and, above all, the dissolution of state authorities swept most parts of the globe while disease, epidemics, famine, the increasing rate of male suicides led to unprecedented social catastrophes, not to mention the Spanish influenza of 1918 killing around 50 million people, more than three times caused by the war. This course focuses on population related issues in early Republican Turkey within a comparative perspective. Just like the cases elsewhere, by the turn of the 20th century, the Turkish elites were obsessed with the improvement of the quality and quantity of their populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey's Islamists: from Power-Sharing to Political
    TURKEY’S ISLAMISTS: FROM POWER-SHARING TO POLITICAL INCUMBENCY The complex relationship between political Islam and the Turkish state – from political exclusion in the early Republican era, to power-sharing in the post-World War II multi-party era, to political incumbency in the 2000s – was crowned by AKP’s landslide electoral victory in 2002. The author debunks two myths regarding this relationship: first, that Kemalism enjoyed a monopoly of political power for decades and second, that Islamists achieved victory in 2002 after being the regime’s sole opposition. According to the author, Turkey’s failed Middle East policy can be attributed to AKP’s misconception that its Islamic counterparts would achieve power after the Arab uprisings just as they had done in Turkey in 2002. Behlül Özkan* Spring 2015 * Dr. Behlül Özkan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Marmara University, Istanbul. 71 VOLUME 14 NUMBER 1 BEHLÜL ÖZKAN he 1995 elections in Turkey, in which the Islamist Welfare Party (Refah Partisi) won the most votes, garnered much attention both in Turkey and abroad. Welfare Party leader Necmettin Erbakan took office as T prime minister the following year, the first time in the country’s histo- ry that an Islamist had occupied an executive position. Erbakan was subsequently forced out of office in the “post-modern coup” of 28 February 1997, widely inter- preted as a sign that achieving power by democratic means was still impossible for Islamists. Prominent Islamists such as current President and former Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan have often declared themselves to be the victims of the February 28 coup, which they cite as an instance of the perpetual repression faced by Islamists and their political constituencies since the founding of the Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Mirrors of Modernization: the American Reflection in Turkey
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2014 Mirrors of Modernization: The American Reflection in urkT ey Begum Adalet University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Adalet, Begum, "Mirrors of Modernization: The American Reflection in urkT ey" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1186. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1186 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1186 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mirrors of Modernization: The American Reflection in urkT ey Abstract This project documents otherwise neglected dimensions entailed in the assemblage and implementations of political theories, namely their fabrication through encounters with their material, local, and affective constituents. Rather than emanating from the West and migrating to their venues of application, social scientific theories are fashioned in particular sites where political relations can be staged and worked upon. Such was the case with modernization theory, which prevailed in official and academic circles in the United States during the early phases of the Cold War. The theory bore its imprint on a series of developmental and infrastructural projects in Turkey, the beneficiary of Marshall Plan funds and academic exchange programs and one of the theory's most important models. The manuscript scrutinizes the corresponding sites of elaboration for the key indices of modernization: the capacity for empathy, mobility, and hospitality. In the case of Turkey the sites included survey research, the implementation of a highway network, and the expansion of the tourism industry through landmarks such as the Istanbul Hilton Hotel.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution
    Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution Introduction In his poem, The Second Coming (1919), William Butler Yeats captured the moment we are now experiencing: Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. As we see the deterioration of the institutions created and fostered after the Second World War to create a climate in which peace and prosperity could flourish in Europe and beyond, it is important to understand the role played by diplomacy in securing the stability and strengthening the shared values of freedom and democracy that have marked this era for the nations of the world. It is most instructive to read the Inaugural Address of President John F. Kennedy, in which he encouraged Americans not only to do good things for their own country, but to do good things in the world. The creation of the Peace Corps is an example of the kind of spirit that put young American volunteers into some of the poorest nations in an effort to improve the standard of living for people around the globe. We knew we were leaders; we knew that we had many political and economic and social advantages. There was an impetus to share this wealth. Generosity, not greed, was the motivation of that generation. Of course, this did not begin with Kennedy. It was preceded by the Marshall Plan, one of the only times in history that the conqueror decided to rebuild the country of the vanquished foe.
    [Show full text]
  • The False Promise [Of the 'Turkish Model']
    THE FALSE PROMISE Ahmet T. Kuru Since the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, most Turks preserved the belief, beyond a simple expectation, that one day they would have ‘grandeur’ again. In fact, this was largely shared by some Western observers who regarded Turkey as a potential model for the coexistence of Islam and democracy. Almost a century after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, however, it would be fair to depict Turkey as a mediocre country, in terms of its military, economic, and socio-cultural capacities, and a competitive autocracy, regarding its political system. The promise of the Turkish case to combine the best parts of Islamic ethics and modern democratic institu- tions appeared to be false. What explains the failure of the idea of the ‘Turkish model?’ To simplify a complex story, one could define the competing groups in Turkish politics until 2012 as Kemalists and their discontents. For the former, it was the religious and multi-ethnic characteristics of the Ottoman Empire that led to its demise. The Turkish Republic, in contrast, had to be assertive secularist, and Turkish nationalist, to avoid repeating the maladies of the Ottoman ancien régime. This project required radical reforms, including the replacement of the Arabic alphabet with Latin, and an authoritarian regime, since the majority of Turks were conservative Muslims, and Kurds resisted assimilation. A major problem of the Kemalist understanding of Westernisation was its extreme formalism, probably due to the fact that Kemalism was primarily represented by the military. According to this formalist perspective, dress code and way of life defined the level of Westernisation of a person.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey's Relations with Italy (1932-39)
    TURKEY’S RELATIONS WITH ITALY (1932-39): REALITIES AND PERCEPTIONS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY MEHMET DOĞAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JULY 2020 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar Kondakçı Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Oktay Fırat Tanrısever Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Ebru Boyar Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Ebru Boyar (METU, IR) Assist. Prof. Dr. Onur İşçi (Bilkent Uni., IR) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Mehmet Doğar Signature : iii ABSTRACT TURKEY’S RELATIONS WITH ITALY (1932-39): REALITIES AND PERCEPTIONS Doğar, Mehmet M.Sc., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ebru Boyar July 2020, 233 pages This thesis examines Turkey’s relations with Italy between 1932 and 1939 through key historical events and analyses the role of Italy in Turkish foreign policy making.
    [Show full text]