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Toyin Falola Christianity and Social Change in Africa Essays in Honor of J.D.Y. Peel Christianity and Social Change in Africa Essays in Honor of J.D.Y. Peel edited by Toyin Falola Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina Copyright © 2005 Toy in Falola All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Christianity and social change in Africa : essays in honor of J.D.Y. Peel / edited by Toyin Falola. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-59460-135-6 1. Church and social problems—Nigeria. 2. Church and social prob- lems—Africa, West. 3. Social change—Nigeria. 4. Social change—Africa, West. 5. Nigeria—Social conditions—1960– 6. Africa, West—Social condi- tions—1960– I. Peel, J. D. Y. (John David Yeadon), 1941– II. Falola, Toy in. III. Title. HN39.N55C48 2005 306.6'76608—dc22 2005007640 Carolina Academic Press 700 Kent St. Durham, NC 27701 Telephone (919) 489-7486 Fax (919) 493-5668 www.cap-press.com Printed in the United States of America Contents List of Figures Contributors Part A Context and Personality Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Toyin Falola Chapter 2 John Peel 27 T.C. McCaskie Part B Yoruba World Chapter 3 The Cultural Work of Yoruba Globalization 41 Stephan Palmié Chapter 4 Confusion and Empiricism: Several Connected Thoughts 83 Jane I. Guyer Chapter 5 Between the Yoruba and the Deep Blue Sea: The Gradual Integration of Ewe Fishermen on the Lagos-Badagry Seabeach 99 Axel Klein Chapter 6 “In the Olden Days”: Histories of Misbehaving Women in Ado-Odo, Southwestern Nigeria 117 Andrea Cornwall Chapter 7 “Let your garments always be white...” Expressions of Past and Present in Yoruba Religious Textiles 139 Elisha P. Renne Chapter 8 Shrine Sanctuary and Mission Sanctuary in West Africa 165 Sandra T. Barnes v vi contents Part C Media, Politics, and Nationalism Chapter 9 Translation, Publics, and the Vernacular Press in 1920s Lagos 185 Karin Barber Chapter 10 Cultural Politics and Nationalist History: A Background to Wole Soyinka’s Isara 209 Insa Nolte Chapter 11 Religion, Public Space, and the Press in Contemporary Nigeria 233 Matthews A. Ojo Part D Aladura and Pentecostalism Chapter 12 “Those Who Trade with God Never Lose”: The Economics of Pentecostal Activism in Nigeria 251 Asonzeh F-K. Ukah Chapter 13 Mediating Tradition: Pentecostal Pastors, African Priests, and Chiefs in Ghanaian Popular Films 275 Birgit Meyer Chapter 14 Continuity or Change? Aladura and Born-Again Yor uba Christianity in London 307 Hermione Harris Chapter 15 “Ndi Afe Ocha”: The Early Aladura of Igboland, 1925–1975 335 Ogbu U. Kalu Chapter 16 Afro-Brazilian Religion, Progressive Catholicism, and Pentecostalism in Northeast Brazil: Notes on Confluence 361 Miriam Cristina M. Rabelo Part E Christianity and Knowledge Without Borders Chapter 17 Managing Christian-Muslim Relations in Africa 389 Matthew Hassan Kukah Chapter 18 Conversion, Conquest, and the Qua Iboe Mission 413 David Pratten contents vii Chapter 19 Christianity, Colonial Rule, and Ethnicity: The Mission of the White Fathers among the Dagara (Ghana/Burkina Faso) 441 Carola Lentz Chapter 20 A “Religious Encounter” in Amedzofe: Women and Change Through the Twentieth Century 471 Lynne Brydon Chapter 21 Anglicanism and Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh 489 T.C. McCaskie Chapter 22 Chiefdoms, Cantons, and Contentious Land: Mapping out a Mission Field in Twentieth-Century Colonial Cameroon 517 Guy Thomas Chapter 23 Religion and Healing in Hausaland 549 Murray Last Chapter 24 “Listen While I Read”: Patriotic Christianity Among the Young Gikuyu 563 John Lonsdale Chapter 25 The Holy Trinity, or the Reduced Marx, Weber, Durkheim 595 Gavin Williams Chapter 26 At the Baraza:Socializing and Intellectual Practice at the Swahili Coast 613 Kai Kresse Index 633 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Sculpture of two Africans carrying a European in a hammock. 10 Figure 1.2 Livingstone, the missionary, in an African village close to Lua- bala village. 11 Figure 1.3 African sculpture of a colonial officer and school teacher. 13 Figure 1.4 Dr. Diedre Badejo (left) and Iyalorisa Oloma Aina (right). Photo by Ramona LaRoche. 22 Figure 2.1 J.D.Y. Peel (photo by Sophie Baker). 28 Figure 3.1 Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther. 72 Figure 4.1 European missionaries at a Yoruba village, 19th century. 88 Figure 5.1 Map of Yorubaland. 100 Figure 6.1 Yoruba Dowry (bridewealth) Container. 121 Figure 7.1 Altar draped with white cloth, with portrait of Moses Orimolade, Ogu Oluwa New Jerusalem Church, Eternal Sacred Order of the Cherubim and Seraphim, Mount Zion, Maryland, Lagos, 26 March 2003 (photo by E.P. Renne). 140 Figure 7.2 The three trunks of the large ose (baobab) tree near the Elekole’s palace are regularly wrapped with white cloth, in part to insure the peaceful unity of the town. Ikole-Ekiti, 29 July 2002 (photo by E.P. Renne). 144 Figure 7.3 Olori Omode, of the Imole Olua cult, Itapa-Ekiti, wearing an un- sewn, white cloth wrapper, with two apo yata bags with aso adodo [red cloth] straps, knotted aso oke waistband, holding uru with beaded handles, coral necklace, and otun. 147 Figure 7.4 Prophetess Ekuno.la Smart, wearing white dress and 4-cornered woli cap, Ondo, 24 February 2003 (photo by E.P. Renne). 149 ix x list of figures Figure 7.5 Prayer warriors with special caps with a red band (some are em- broidered, “prayer warrior”) and white dresses with a red sash, St. Saviour’s United Church of Cherubim and Seraphim Cathe- dral, Owo, 28 March 2003. 151 Figure 7.6 Almanac printed by the Christ for All Nations organization show- ing Evangelist Reinhard Bonnke wearing a shirt made from locally woven aso oke cloth at the CfaN Gospel Campaign, Ogbomosho. 156 Figure 7.7 Cover from the video, Funfun L’Oluwa (Boye Ventures, Lagos, 2003). 160 Figure 10.1 Wole Soyinka. 210 Figure 10.2 Map of Isara in Nigeria. 212 Figure 12.1 Banner for a Pentecostal preacher in Lagos. 254 Figure 12.2 Billboards advertising Pentecostal preachers. 256 Figure 13.1 Scene from Stolen Bible. 285 Figure 13.2 Scene from Stolen Bible. 288 Figure 13.3 Scene from Time. 289 Figure 13.4 Video depiction of tradition. 296 Figure 13.5 Video representation of a chief. 299 Figure 15.1 Aladura document. 338 Figure 18.1 A lady missionary in late nineteenth century Africa. 424 Figure 18.2 Church in Qua Iboe. 435 Figure 19.1 Territoire Dagari, after Paternot 1949. 452 Figure 21.1 Agyeman Prempeh in exile at Elmina. 491 Figure 22.1 Heinrich Karl Dorsch. Copyright Basel Mission Archive; ref. QS- 30.001.174.01). 521 Figure 22.2 Returning from Bali, 1907. BMCA E-30.25.013: Gottlieb Frei- drich Spellenberg. Copyright Basel Mission Archive; ref. QS- 30.001.1174.01. 523 Figure 22.3 Dorsch map of Cameroon, 1908. “Karte des südwestlichen Teils von Kamerun (enthaltend das Basler Missionsgebiet) auf Grund von Original-Aufnahmen von Missionaren der Basler Mission sowie von Offizieren und Beamten unter Anlehnung an M. Moi- list of figures xi sel gezeichnet von Heinrich Dorsch.”Basel: Verlag der Basler Mis- sionsbuchhandlung in Basel, 1908. (Copyright Basel Mission Archive). 524 Figure 22.4 Detail, Dorsch map of Cameroon, 1908. “Karte des südwest- lichen Teils von Kamerun (enthaltend das Basler Missionsgebiet) auf Grund von Original-Aufnahmen von Missionaren der Basler Mission sowie von Offizieren und Beamten unter Anlehnung an M. Moisel gezeichnet von Heinrich Dorsch.” Basel: Verlag der Basler Missionsbuchhandlung in Basel, 1908. (Copyright Basel Mission Archive). 526 Figure 22.5 Neue Aufnahmen von Gustav Conrau im Norden und Nord- westen des Kamerun-Gebirges aus den Jahren 1986 und 1897. Redigiert und gezeichnet von Max Moisel. Mittheilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Bd. XI, 1898. (Copyright Basel Mis- sion Archive). 527 Figure 22.6 G. Conrau's Wegeaufnahmen im Lande der Banyang, Bangwa, Kabo, Basosi und Bafo. Redigirt (sic) und gezeichnet von Max Moisel. Mittheilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Bd. XI, 1898. (Copyright Basel Mission Archive). 528 Figure 22.7 Hinterland des Manenguba-Gebirges, in: Der Evangelische Hei- denbote, December 1906(12), 93. 529 Figure 22.8 Copy (16 October 1905) of the original plan of the Basel Mission plot affixed to BMCA E-31.9,6, CI Bali, 2. Teil, Schenkung- surkunde, Bali, 31 January 1905. 541 Figure 22.6 BMCA E-31.9,6, CI Bali, 1. Teil, Certified plan of the Basel Mis- sion plot signed by A. C. Kemavor, Government Surveyor, 21.1. 1938. 545 Figure 23.1 Caliph entering Sokoto, 19th Century. 557 Figure 25.1 Karl Marx. 597 Contributors Karen Barber is Professor of African Cultural Anthropology at the Centre of West African Studies, University of Birmingham. She specializes in Yoruba culture, and also does comparative work on oral literature and popular cul- ture across Africa. Her most recent book is, The Generation of Plays: Yoruba Popular Life in Theatre (2000). Sandra T. Barnes is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsyl- vania, Founding Director of its African Studies Center, and in 2004–05 a fel- low at the Stanford University Humanities Center. She is the editor of Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, an interdisciplinary collection of recently expanded and revised essays that focus on West African religious culture and its contin- uing vitality in the diaspora. Her book, Patrons and Power: Creating a Politi- cal Community in Metropolitan Lagos (1986), won the Amaury Talbot Prize for the best book on Africa. She is President of the African Studies Associa- tion, and sits on the Boards of Directors of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Foundation for the Advancement of International Medical Education and Research.
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