DOCSLIB.ORG

Mali Sub-National Governance Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mali Sub-National Governance Project MALI SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT Year 3 FY2018 Annual Report with Quarter 4 Report October 2017–September 2018 OCTOBER 2018 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech, through USAID Contract Number AID-688-C-16-00003, Mali Sub-National Governance Program. This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 495-0282 Fax: (802) 658-4247 Email: [email protected] Tetra Tech Contacts: Kadidia Dienta, Chief of Party ([email protected]) Nigel Thomson, Project Manager ([email protected]) Cover Photo: Focus group participants discussing the progress of decentralization and service delivery in Sikasso. Photo credit: Mali SNGP, 2018. USAID MALI SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT Year 3 FY2018 Annual Report with Quarter 4 Report October 2017–September 2018 October 2018 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... I ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... III PROJECT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................... VII 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 REGIONAL STATUS .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 ELECTIONS CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 COMPONENT ONE: STRENGTHENING NATIONAL AND SUBNATIONAL PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 4 2.1 CONTEXT AND REGIONAL SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 OUTCOMES AND ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Increased Capacity of National and Regional Governments, and Women in Budget Planning, Implementation, and Reporting....................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Increased Capacity, Including Women in Financial Management at National and Regional Levels ................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Increased Information Flowing between Bamako and the Regions ....................................... 11 2.2.4 Regional Actors, Including Women, Have an Increased Understanding of the Rules, Regulations and Laws that Govern their Work ......................................................................... 14 2.2.5 Funds are Better Managed at the Regional Level ....................................................................... 15 2.2.6 Increased Quality of Services, Particularly for Women, Delivered at the Regional Level ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.7 Increased Revenue Generation At The Regional Level ............................................................ 16 2.2.8 Increased Revenues for Health and Education at the Regional Level ................................... 16 3.0 COMPONENT TWO: IMPROVE COORDINATION AND COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NATIONAL AND SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND CIVIL SOCIETY .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 CONTEXT AND REGIONAL SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 17 3.2 OUTCOMES AND ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Increased Citizen’s Access to Information on the National Budget, Including Budget Planning, Allocation, and Execution, Disaggregated by Gender ............................................. 17 3.2.2 Increased Information Sharing between Government and Civil Society on Matters Related to the Budget and Decentralization ............................................................................... 20 3.2.3 Increased Coordination between National and Regional Government in Planning, and Regional and the Communes, and Regional And the Circles, and Circles and Communes .......................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.4 Citizens Are Aware of Decentralization Reforms and the Progress (or Lack of) that the Government is Making Towards Achieving its Decentralization and Fiscal Goals ..... 24 4.0 COMPONENT THREE: CGSP CONDUCTS PERFORMANCE AUDITS THAT MEET INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND IS ABLE TO MONITOR SERVICE DELIVERY AT THE NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS .............................. 25 4.1 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT .............................................................................................................................. 25 4.2 OUTCOMES AND ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.1 Capable Performance Monitoring Section is Created within the CGSP .............................. 27 4.2.2 The CGSP Meets International Standards for SAI ..................................................................... 27 MALI SNGP: YEAR 3 FY2018 ANNUAL REPORT WITH QUARTER 4 REPORT i 4.2.3 The CGSP Conducts Regular Performance Monitoring and Makes these Reports Publicly Available ................................................................................................................................ 28 4.2.4 The CGSP is Able to Monitor the Regional Government Entities Better ........................... 28 4.2.5 The CGSP has a User-Friendly, Functional Website that is Used to Store all Audit Related Information .......................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.6 The CGSP Conducts Town Hall Meetings and Press Conferences to Discuss Audit Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 29 4.2.7 Increased Knowledge and Skills of Supreme Audit Institution (SAI) Auditors in Performance and Risk-Based Audits ............................................................................................. 30 4.2.8 Greater Public Disclosure of Audit Findings ............................................................................... 30 4.2.9 Improved Internal Control Systems at the National and Regional Levels ........................... 30 5.0 GENDER-RELATED ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 32 5.1 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT .............................................................................................................................. 32 5.2 OUTCOMES AND ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................................................... 33 5.2.1 Increased Capacity of National And Regional Governments, and Women in Budget Planning, Implementation and Reporting ...................................................................................... 33 5.2.2 Increased Capacity, Including Women, in Financial Management at National and Regional Level ..................................................................................................................................... 33 5.2.3 Regional Actors, Including Women, Have an Increased Understanding of the Rules, Regulations and Laws that Govern their Work ......................................................................... 36 6.0 MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................................................................... 38 6.1 OPERATIONS AND STAFFING ......................................................................................................................... 38 6.2 SECURITY AND SAFETY ................................................................................................................................... 38 7.0 GENERAL COMMUNICATIONS AND OUTREACH STRATEGY ............................... 39 8.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................................ 42 8.1 CONTEXTUAL DATA ...................................................................................................................................... 42 8.2 COMPONENT 1 ...............................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mali Overview Print Page Close Window
    World Directory of Minorities Africa MRG Directory –> Mali –> Mali Overview Print Page Close Window Mali Overview Environment Peoples History Governance Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples Environment The Republic of Mali is a landlocked state in West Africa that extends into the Sahara Desert in the north, where its north-eastern border with Algeria begins. A long border with Mauritania extends from the north, then juts west to Senegal. In the west, Mali borders Senegal and Guinea; to the south, Côte d'Ivoire; to the south-east Burkina Faso, and in the east, Niger. The country straddles the Sahara and Sahel, home primarily to nomadic herders, and the less-arid south, predominately populated by farming peoples. The Niger River arches through southern and central Mali, where it feeds sizeable lakes. The Senegal river is an important resource in the west. Mali has mineral resources, notably gold and phosphorous. Peoples Main languages: French (official), Bambara, Fulfulde (Peulh), Songhai, Tamasheq. Main religions: Islam (90%), traditional religions (6%), Christian (4%). Main minority groups: Peulh (also called Fula or Fulani) 1.4 million (11%), Senoufo and Minianka 1.2 million (9.6%), Soninké (Saracolé) 875,000 (7%), Songhai 875,000 (7%), Tuareg and Maure 625,000 (5%), Dogon 550,000 (4.4%) Bozo 350,000 (2.8%), Diawara 125,000 (1%), Xaasongaxango (Khassonke) 120,000 (1%). [Note: The percentages for Peulh, Soninke, Manding (mentioned below), Songhai, and Tuareg and Maure, as well as those for religion in Mali, come from the U.S. State Department background note on Mali, 2007; Data for Senoufo and Minianka groups comes from Ethnologue - some from 2000 and some from 1991; for Dogon from Ethnologue, 1998; for Diawara and Xaasonggaxango from Ethnologue 1991; Percentages are converted to numbers and vice-versa using the State Department's 2007 estimated total population of 12.5 million.] Around half of Mali's population consists of Manding (or Mandé) peoples, including the Bambara (Bamana) and the Malinké.
    [Show full text]
  • THE POLITICS and POLICY of DECENTRALIZATION in 1990S MALI
    THE POLITICS AND POLICY OF DECENTRALIZATION IN 1990s MALI Elizabeth A. Pollard Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the African Studies Program, Indiana University August 2014 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Master’s Thesis Committee ____________________________________ Osita Afoaku, PhD ____________________________________ Maria Grosz-Ngaté, PhD ____________________________________ Jennifer N. Brass, PhD ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page ………………………………………………………………………………………... i Acceptance Page ………………………………………………………………………………… ii Chapters Chapter 1 ………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter 2 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 19 Chapter 3 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 35 Chapter 4 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 49 Chapter 5 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 72 Appendix ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 82 References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 84 Curriculum Vitae iii CHAPTER 1 Introduction A. Statement of the Problem At the end of the Cold War, the government of Mali, like governments across Africa, faced increased pressure from international donors and domestic civil society to undertake democratic reforms. In one notable policy shift, French President François Mitterrand made clear to his African counterparts at the June 1990 Franco-African summit, that while France was committed to supporting its former colonies through the economic
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profiles
    1 2017 ANNUAL2018 REPORT:ANNUAL UNFPA-UNICEF REPORT GLOBAL PROGRAMME TO ACCELERATE ACTION TO END CHILD MARRIAGE COUNTRY PROFILES UNFPA-UNICEF GLOBAL PROGRAMME TO ACCELERATE ACTION TO END CHILD MARRIAGE The Global Programme to Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage is generously funded by the Governments of Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the European Union and Zonta International. Front cover: © UNICEF/UNI107875/Pirozzi © United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) August 2019 BANGLADESHBANGLADESH COUNTRYCOUNTRY PROFILE PROFILE © UNICEF/UNI179225/LYNCH BANGLADESH COUNTRY PROFILE 3 2 RANGPUR 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 Percentage of young women SYLHET (aged 20–24) married or in RAJSHAHI 59 union by age 18 DHAKA 2 2 Percentage of young women 1 KHULNA (aged 20–24) married or in CHITTAGONG 22 union by age 15 Percentage of women aged 20 to 24 years who were first married or in BARISAL union before 1 age 18 3 2 0-9% 2 10-19% 20-29% 30-39% 40-49% 50-59% UNFPA + UNICEF implementation 60-69% 70-79% UNFPA implementation 80<% UNICEF implementation 1 Implementation outcome 1 (life skills and education support for girls) 2 Implementation outcome 2 (community dialogue) 3 3 Implementation outcome 3 (strengthening education, 2.05 BIRTHS PER WOMAN health and child protection systems) Total fertility rate (average number of children a woman would have by Note: This map is stylized and not to scale. It does not reflect a position by the end of her reproductive period if her experience followed the currently UNFPA or UNICEF on the legal status of any country or area or the delimitation of any frontiers.
    [Show full text]
  • Senegambian Confederation: Prospect for Unity on the African Continent
    NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law Volume 7 Number 1 Volume 7, Number 1, Summer 1986 Article 3 1986 SENEGAMBIAN CONFEDERATION: PROSPECT FOR UNITY ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/ journal_of_international_and_comparative_law Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation (1986) "SENEGAMBIAN CONFEDERATION: PROSPECT FOR UNITY ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT," NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law: Vol. 7 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/journal_of_international_and_comparative_law/vol7/iss1/3 This Notes and Comments is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. NOTE SENEGAMBIAN CONFEDERATION: PROSPECT FOR UNITY ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................ 46 II. THE SHADOW OF CONFEDERATION .......................... 47 A. Debate on the Merits of a Union: 1960-81 ......... 47 B. Midwife to Confederation: 1981 Coup Attempt in The G ambia ... .. ............................ 56 III. THE SUBSTANCE OF CONFEDERATION ........................ 61 A. Introduction to the Foundation Document and Pro- to co ls . 6 1 B. Defense of The Confederation and Security of Mem- ber S ta tes ...................................... 65 C. Foreign Policy of the Confederation and Member S tates . .. 6 9 D. Unity of Member Nations' Economies and Confed- eral F inance .................................... 71 1. Econom ic Union ............................. 71 2. Confederal Finance .......................... 76 E. Confederal Institutions and Dispute Resolution ... 78 1. Institutions ................................. 78 2. Dispute Resolution ........................... 81 IV. REACTION TO THE CONFEDERATION ................... 82 V. FUTURE PROSPECTS: CONFEDERATION LEADING TO FEDERA- TIO N ? . .. .. 8 4 V I.
    [Show full text]
  • Agreements for Humanitarian Aid Awarded in 2012 by Dg Echo
    AGREEMENTS FOR HUMANITARIAN AID AWARDED IN 2012 BY DG ECHO Beneficiary Beneficiary Beneficiary name Subject of the grant Contract reference Country of operation Amount awarded nationality category ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO Address high acute malnutrition rates among vulnerable populations affected by water logging in Bangladesh ECHO/BGD/BUD/2012/91002 BANGLADESH 425.000 ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO Appui au relèvement des populations affectées par les violences post électorales de Côte d'Ivoire ECHO/-WF/BUD/2012/92011 COTE D'IVOIRE 2.300.000 ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO Community Managed Drought Risk Management in Ethiopia ECHO/-HF/BUD/2012/91059 ETHIOPIA 1.200.000 ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO Integrated emergency nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene and livelihoods interventions for crisis-affected population in Yemen ECHO/YEM/BUD/2012/91001 YEMEN 760.000 Préparation aux désastres et gestion des risques liés à la sécheresse au niveau communautaire dans la région de Dikhil, République de ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO ECHO/-HF/BUD/2012/91062 DJIBOUTI 448.127 Djibouti ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO Préparation et réponse précoce aux épidémies de choléra au Tchad ECHO/DRF/BUD/2011/93012 CHAD 280.000 ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO Prise en charge de l'urgence nutritionnelle dans la bande Sahélienne au Tchad ECHO/TCD/BUD/2012/91007 CHAD 1.120.000 Recovery of Host and Refugee Populations along the border with Cote d ACF - FRA FRANCE NGO ECHO/-WF/BUD/2011/92029 LIBERIA 800.000 Ivoire for food security, livelihoods, water access, and improved hygiene practices in Nimba County, Liberia ACF - FRA FRANCE
    [Show full text]
  • The Localization of the Global Agendas How Local Action Is Transforming Territories and Communities
    2019 The Localization of the Global Agendas How local action is transforming territories and communities Fifth Global Report on Decentralization and Local Democracy 2 GOLD V REPORT © 2019 UCLG The right of UCLG to be identified as author of the editorial material, and of the individual authors as authors of their contributions, has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. United Cities and Local Governments Cités et Gouvernements Locaux Unis Ciudades y Gobiernos Locales Unidos Avinyó 15 08002 Barcelona www.uclg.org DISCLAIMERS The terms used concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development do not necessarily reflect the opinion of United Cities and Local Governments. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of all the members of United Cities and Local Governments. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of UCLG and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Graphic design and lay-out: www.ggrafic.com Cover photos: A-C-K (t.ly/xP7pw); sunriseOdyssey (bit.ly/2ooZTnM); TEDxLuanda (bit.ly/33eFEIt); Curtis MacNewton (bit.ly/2Vm5Yh1); s1ingshot (t.ly/yWrwV); Chuck Martin (bit.ly/30ReOEz); sunsinger (shutr.bz/33dH85N); Michael Descharles (t.ly/Mz7w3).
    [Show full text]
  • Local Annual Report 2020
    LoCAL annual report 2020 raising ambition through locally led adaptation 99 93 6 0 59 0 53 0 37 0 77 0 2746 UP 353 U 374 U European Union LoCAL annual report 2020 raising ambition through locally led adaptation 99 93 6 0 59 0 53 0 37 0 77 0 2746 UP 353 U 374 U Copyright © 2021 LoCAL-UNCDF. All rights reserved. United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) Two UN Plaza, 26th Floor New York, NY 10017, USA LoCAL Facility (Global and Africa) UNCDF Boulevard du Régent 37, 1000 Brussels, Belgium LoCAL Facility (Asia and Pacific) UNCDF UN ESCAP Building, 7th Floor, Block B, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.uncdf.org/local/homepage Authors: Sophie De Coninck with technical inputs from Kulrisa Shayavee, Ludovica Amatucci and Rafael Moser, as well as LoCAL Facility country staff, under the guidance of David Jackson, Director for Local Development Finance, UNCDF, and Chair of the LoCAL Board Design and editing: Nita Congress Cover photo: Helvisney dos Reis Cardoso © UNCDF/Mozambique The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNCDF, or their Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any maps herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNCDF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Contemporary Conflict
    The Origins of Contemporary Conflict A Comparison of Violence in Three World Regions P.S. Douma September 2003 NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ‘CLINGENDAEL’ CIP-Data Koninklijke bibliotheek, The Hague Douma, P.S. The Origins of Contemporary Conflict; A Comparison of Violence in Three World Regions / P.S. Douma B The Hague, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. Clingendael-Study ISBN 90-5031-086-9 Desk top publishing by Birgit Leiteritz Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Conflict Research Unit Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague Phonenumber # - 31 - 70 - 3245384 Telefax # - 31 - 70 - 3282002 P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael is an independent institute for research, training and public information on international affairs. It publishes the results of its own research projects and the monthly ‘Internationale Spectator’ and offers a broad range of courses and conferences covering a wide variety of international issues. It also maintains a library and documentation centre. 8 Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightholders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague,
    [Show full text]
  • Mali – Burkina Faso Cross-Border Co-Operation
    SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Club Secretariat Secrétariat du Mali – Burkina Faso DU SAHEL ET DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OU EST Cross-border Co-operation:C lub Operational Framework Proposals and Policy Recommendations A contribution of the « Mission opérationnelle transfrontalière » Both the practical guide and general contributions of SWAC Members are funded by a special contribution from Switzerland’s Directorate of Development and Co-operation The ideas expressed and arguments set out in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or its member country governments. 2 © SWAC 2010 Contents Abbreviations and Definitions 5 Description of the Diagnosis 7 Aim of the Cross-border Operational Mission appraisal 7 Methodology 7 Context 8 1 Proposals for workable mechanisms: from the regional context to the Mali/Burkina Faso border area 11 1.1 Co-operation between territorial authorities in Mali and Burkina Faso 11 1.2 How does one identify the most suitable mechanism for cross-border joint action? 12 1.3 Co-operation needs of the territorial authorities in the SKBO area 12 Table 1 Needs expressed by the territorial authorities and the proposed approach at each level of intervention 14 1.4 Proposed organisational approaches for territorial authorities 16 Table 2 Proposals for cross-border mechanisms in joint action at all levels 16 1.5 Summary of recommendations from regional to local levels 27 Figure 1 Timetable for the various stages involved in improving the legal framework for cross-border co-operation between authorities
    [Show full text]
  • Cesifo Working Paper No. 6468 Category 5: Economics of Education
    6468 2017 May 2017 European Trade, Colonialism and Human Capital Accumula- tion in Senegal, Gambia and Western Mali, 1770 - 1900 Gabriele Cappelli, Joerg Baten Impressum: CESifo Working Papers ISSN 2364‐1428 (electronic version) Publisher and distributor: Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo GmbH The international platform of Ludwigs‐Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the ifo Institute Poschingerstr. 5, 81679 Munich, Germany Telephone +49 (0)89 2180‐2740, Telefax +49 (0)89 2180‐17845, email [email protected] Editors: Clemens Fuest, Oliver Falck, Jasmin Gröschl www.cesifo‐group.org/wp An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded ∙ from the SSRN website: www.SSRN.com ∙ from the RePEc website: www.RePEc.org ∙ from the CESifo website: www.CESifo‐group.org/wp CESifo Working Paper No. 6468 Category 5: Economics of Education European Trade, Colonialism and Human Capital Accumulation in Senegal, Gambia and Western Mali, 1770 - 1900 Abstract We trace the development of human capital in today’s Senegal, Gambia, and Western Mali between 1770 and 1900. European trade, slavery and early colonialism were linked to human capital formation, but this connection appears to have been heterogeneous. The contact with the Atlantic slave trade increased regional divergence, as the coast of Senegambia developed more quickly than inner areas. This pattern was affected by French early colonialism and by the reaction of different West African populations to the economic incentives provided by foreign demand for agricultural products. The peanut trade since the mid-19th century further amplified regional economic inequalities. JEL-Codes: N370, N570, I210. Keywords: numeracy, West Africa, trade, colonialism.
    [Show full text]
  • RAM3 End-Year Summary Narrative 2.Rdl
    Country Office Annual Report 2020 Mali - 2760 Update on the context and situation of children in 2020, Mali was plunged into a socio-political crisis. The legislative elections initially scheduled to take place in October 2018 were finally held in March 2020; meanwhile the results were contested. On 18 August 2020, a coup d’état led to the resignation of President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita. The international community, particularly ECOWAS, condemned the coup and imposed sanctions. After several rounds of negotiations, a Government of Transition was appointed in early October 2020 for a period of 18 months. Women constitute 16 per cent of the new cabinet compared to 23.6 per cent in the previous cabinet. The humanitarian situation continued to deteriorate and remained fragile and complex, characterized by the presence of non-state armed entities, recurrent inter-community conflicts, widespread banditry, violations of the rights of individuals, particularly of children who are victims of recruitment by armed groups and forces, gender-based violence and family separation. A series of violent incidents were recorded in Ségou region, where attacks against civilians by community-affiliated armed groups have been reported since October 2020. The number of people in need of humanitarian assistance was revised from 4.3 to 6.8 million in July, including 3.5 million children. Between 2018-2020, the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) almost tripled, increasing from nearly 110,000 to over 311,000, with women and children accounting for 55 and 62 per cent respectively. In the north and center of the country, more than 96 per cent of IDPs live in areas with water access rates below the national average of 68.8 per cent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mali Fedefcition
    THE MALI FEDEFCITION: A CASE STUDY CF POLITICAL IXTEGRATION by CURT CORNELIS FREDERIK WOLTERS A THESIS Presented to the Institute of International Studies z,nd Overseas Adr,;inistrotion and the CIrLduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June, 1966 APPROVE dviser for t David J. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to Or. Vernon R. Dorjahn, whose extensive knowledge of traditional African societies and their processes of social change was of great help in providing me with the necessary background relative to the traditional setting of the peoples in the West- ern Sudan. At several points in the preparation of this thesis, the guidance and penetrating criticism of the thesis adviser, Dr. David J. Finlay, were of invaluable assistance. For this I am indeed grateful. Fortunately for advisers, they are not held responsible for the deficiencies of their students, and I am the first to admit the obvious inadequacies of this study. Dr. Finlay and others who contributed in lesser ways are, needless to say, absolved of any and all taints for its shortcomings. Finally, I want to express my indebtedness to my wife, Sara, for her support and her long hours of typing, and to my daughter, Gwyn, whose daddy was often too busy to be to her what she deserved. C. C. W. May, 1966 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGROUND TO THE INTEGRATION PROCESSES 11 1. The Physical and Human Environment as Underlying Factors of Historical and Economic Developments in the Western Sudan 11 2.
    [Show full text]