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Local Annual Report 2020 LoCAL annual report 2020 raising ambition through locally led adaptation 99 93 6 0 59 0 53 0 37 0 77 0 2746 UP 353 U 374 U European Union LoCAL annual report 2020 raising ambition through locally led adaptation 99 93 6 0 59 0 53 0 37 0 77 0 2746 UP 353 U 374 U Copyright © 2021 LoCAL-UNCDF. All rights reserved. United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) Two UN Plaza, 26th Floor New York, NY 10017, USA LoCAL Facility (Global and Africa) UNCDF Boulevard du Régent 37, 1000 Brussels, Belgium LoCAL Facility (Asia and Pacific) UNCDF UN ESCAP Building, 7th Floor, Block B, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.uncdf.org/local/homepage Authors: Sophie De Coninck with technical inputs from Kulrisa Shayavee, Ludovica Amatucci and Rafael Moser, as well as LoCAL Facility country staff, under the guidance of David Jackson, Director for Local Development Finance, UNCDF, and Chair of the LoCAL Board Design and editing: Nita Congress Cover photo: Helvisney dos Reis Cardoso © UNCDF/Mozambique The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNCDF, or their Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any maps herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNCDF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. contents about LoCAL 1 LoCAL purpose LoCAL mechanism LoCAL in action LoCAL Results and Resource Framework 2020 achievements 9 LoCAL impact Output 1: Awareness and capacities Output 2: Mainstreaming and investments Output 3: Financing mechanism Output 4: Outreach, learning and quality assurance lessons and next steps 36 Challenges Lessons learned What’s next annex: country profiles 44 Bangladesh Lesotho Benin Mali Bhutan Mozambique Cambodia Nepal The Gambia Niger Ghana Tanzania Lao PDR Tuvalu iii preface ocal government authorities in the LoCAL places local and community adaptation least developed countries (LDCs) and needs at the centre of climate change action and other vulnerable countries, particularly creates intentional linkages and frameworks for L small island developing states (SIDS) planning, financing, implementing and monitoring and African nations, are in a unique position to of nationally determined contributions and identify climate change adaptation responses that national adaptation plans at subnational and best meet local needs. Moreover, they typically community levels (i.e. vertical integration). are mandated to undertake the small to medium- LoCAL increases awareness and capacities to sized adaptation investments needed to build respond to climate change at the local level, climate resilience. Yet they frequently lack the integrates climate change adaptation into local resources to do so – particularly in a way aligned governments’ planning and budgeting systems in with established local decision-making processes a participatory and gender-sensitive manner, and and planning and budgeting cycles. increases the amount of finance available to local governments for climate change adaptation. Building on its experience in working with local governments, the United Nations Capital Since its global scale-up in 2014, LoCAL has Development Fund (UNCDF) designed the been deployed in 14 countries: Bangladesh, Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility (LoCAL) in Benin, Bhutan, Cambodia, The Gambia, Ghana, 2011. LoCAL promotes climate change–resilient Lao PDR, Lesotho, Mali, Mozambique, Nepal, communities and local economies by providing a Niger, Tanzania and Tuvalu. In 2020, LoCAL standard and internationally recognized country- was engaged with 304 local governments in 12 based mechanism to channel climate finance countries,1 representing a population of over to local government authorities in LDCs and 11.5 million. Another 13 countries have expressed other vulnerable developing countries – thereby interest in deploying the mechanism – Burkina contributing, through the subnational level, to Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Fiji, Jamaica, Liberia, Malawi, country achievement and implementation of Pakistan, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, the Paris Agreement, particularly nationally determined contributions, national adaptation plans and climate-related Sustainable 1 The Lao PDR project officially closed 31 December Development Goals. 2017 with the conclusion of Phase I; partnerships are being explored to initiate a transition to Phase II in Nepal. iv v Solomon Islands, Sudan, Uganda and Vanuatu – towards institutionalizing a global country- bringing the total number of LoCAL countries to based mechanism for local climate finance and 27. Over the same period, LoCAL has mobilized promote climate-resilient development pathways $99.07 million from partners, own resources and to ensure societies, economies and ecosystems parallel funding from governments; the majority in developing countries, particularly LDCs, thrive. of these funds are disbursed as performance- based grants to local governments. This 2020 annual report summarizes LoCAL activities and results across Africa, Asia, the The LoCAL experience underscores the Caribbean and the Pacific, and at the global level, importance of subnational adaptation and of drawing on a range of experiences and good bridging national and subnational adaptation practices in LoCAL design and implementation efforts (vertical integration), while highlighting since 2014. These experiences and practices the contribution of the local level to national are exhaustively documented in the LoCAL climate change goals such as national adaptation publication Financing Local Adaptation to plans and nationally determined contributions. Climate Change: Experience with Performance- Based Climate Resilience Grants, which was As we enter the second decade of the millennium, endorsed in 2019 by the Least Developed the global pandemic has both intensified and Countries Expert Group of the United Nations crystallized the need to tackle climate change – Framework Convention on Climate Change as especially at the local level. Fresh resolve, firm supplementary material to its National Adaptation commitment and increased efforts are essential Plan Technical Guidelines. so developing countries and LDCs can achieve their climate targets and accelerate sustainable development. At this critical time, LoCAL is determined to vigorously pursue its efforts preface acronyms ABM Adaptation Benefits Mechanism LEG Least Developed Countries Expert Group ACCAF Assessing Climate Change Adaptation Framework LISA Local Information System for Adaptation ASPIRE Agriculture Services Programme for Innovation, Resilience and LoCAL Local Climate Adaptive Living Extension Facility BTFEC Bhutan Trust Fund for LoGIC Local Government Initiative on Environmental Conservation Climate Change BOAD West African Development Bank NAP national adaptation plan (Banque Ouest Africaine de NCDD-S National Committee for Développement) Subnational Democratic DAC Development Assistance Development Secretariat Committee NDC nationally determined contribution DMK district/municipality/khan OECD Organisation for Economic Co- EU European Union operation and Development FNEC National Fund for Environment PBCRG performance-based climate and Climate (Fonds National pour resilience grant l’Environnement et le Climat) SDG Sustainable Development Goal GCCA+ Global Climate Change Alliance SIDS small island developing states Plus Sida Swedish International GCF Green Climate Fund Development Cooperation Agency GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für SME small or medium enterprise Internationale Zusammenarbeit UN United Nations GrEEN Boosting Green Employment and Enterprise Opportunities in Ghana UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change IIED International Institute for Environment and Development WASH water, sanitation and hygiene ISO International Organization for WRI World Resources Institute Standardization LDC least developed country vi glossary Intergovernmental fiscal transfer systems: management; their number varies from 3 to 10. They Intergovernmental transfers or grants can be broadly act as on or off triggers and basic safeguards. classified into two categories: general-purpose (unconditional) and specific-purpose (conditional or Performance measures: The set of indicators earmarked) transfers. General-purpose transfers are against which local governments are assessed on an provided as general budget support, with no strings annual basis. They are more qualitative and variable attached. These transfers are typically mandated by measures of performance and go into more detail law, but occasionally they may be of an ad hoc or within each functional area, such as the quality of the discretionary nature. Such transfers are intended to planning, integration of climate change adaptation preserve local autonomy and enhance interjurisdictional and execution of the adaptation measures. Overall equity. Specific-purpose, or conditional, transfers are performance against the set of measures is used intended to provide incentives for governments to to adjust the level of funds made available to local undertake specific programmes or activities. These governments the following year as they have complied grants may be regular or
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