Alabama
1960
n U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation in ______was unconstitutional n Many wondered if federal and state officials would enforce the Supreme Court decision
Freedom Riders
n After the sit-in movement, some ______members participated in the 1961 ______organized by ______. n The Freedom Riders traveled the South to see if Supreme Court decision would be enforced
1 Freedom Riders, 1961 n The Freedom Rides began in ______n Protests in North Carolina led to bus drivers refusing to drive them n In Anniston, Alabama, one bus was______and some riders were ______¡ Local law enforcement did not ______the riders
Students Arrested in Birmingham
n Students from Nashville travel to Birmingham to protest segregation n Arrested by Chief of Police ______n Students are then driven to Tennessee border by Connor and told to take the train home ¡ Students return to leave by ______¡ Bus drivers refuse to take them ¡ Riders are ______
Freedom Rides in Montgomery
n In Montgomery, a mob attacked the riders when they got off the bus. n Many riders suffered severe beatings. ¡ Some of protestors were arrested for ______n ______Administration demanded Governor Patterson protect the Freedom Riders ¡ Governor said he could not ______
2 Freedom Riders n The violence brought national attention to the Freedom Rides n Alabama officials condemned for allowing the brutality to occur. n President ______stepped in to protect the Freedom Riders ¡ Protest continued ¡ Gained a lot of national attention ¡ Began ______federal law
Desegregating Southern Universities
n In 1963, the governor of Alabama, ______tried to block the desegregation of the ______. n _____ sent in troops to integrate the university n In June 1963, Kennedy proposed ______legislation.
Birmingham, Alabama
n One of the most segregated cities in the South n Nickname: ______n Major focus of protests in 1963 n ______actually jailed for a time in this city
3 Project C n Local protestors decided to picket and march in protest of segregation n Included ______in with the protests n Protestors were arrested ¡ Jails ______, yet there were still many protestors ¡ A frustrated Bull Connor changes tactics
Protestors Attacked
n Police use ______to quell civil unrest in Birmingham, Ala. in May of 1963. n "Bull" Connor also allowed ______to be turned on demonstrators. n Over ______children were attacked and arrested
National Outrage
n National media showed scenes in Birmingham
¡ National outrage
¡ Bull Connor criticized n Gave more support to JFK’s ______n Would also help influence the ______
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