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Ideias 46.Pdf OS_531_Ideias 46.indd 1 27/01/16 09:19 Edição INCAER Editor Responsável Maj Brig Ar R1 Wilmar Terroso Freitas Projeto Gráfico SO SAD 02 Wânia Branco Viana 2S SAD Jailson Carlos Fernandes Alvim 3S SIN Mauricio Barbosa Cavalcanti Filho 3S TCO Tiago de Oliveira e Souza Revisão, Diagramação de Textos e Impressão INGRAFOTO Nossa Capa Imagem da aeronave de interceptação Gripen NG, recém-adquirida pela FAB. O novo vetor será o responsável pela Defesa Aérea no território nacional. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca do Instituto Histórico-Cultural da Aeronáutica Ideias em Destaque / Instituto Histórico-Cultural da Aeronáutica. v. – Quadrimestral até dez. 2014; a partir, semestral. ISSN 2175 0904 1. Aeronáutica – Periódico (Brasil). I. Instituto Histórico-Cultural da Aeronáutica. II. INCAER. CDU 354.73 (05) (81) Os artigos publicados nesta revista são de responsabilidade exclusiva de seus autores e não representam, necessariamente, o pensamento do editor de “Ideias em Destaque” e da Direção do INCAER. É permitida a reprodução, total ou parcial, dos artigos aqui publicados, desde que seja citada a fonte. OS_531_Ideias 46.indd 2 27/01/16 09:19 Apresentação É com satisfação que levamos aos nossos prezados leitores mais uma edição de Ideias em Destaque, elaborada com a valiosa contribuição de articulistas, pensadores e pesquisadores que abordam assuntos aeronáu- ticos, políticos, estratégicos e de cultura geral. Ao tempo da primeira edição, em abril de 1989, Ideias em Desta- que tinha como objetivo principal “dar publicidade à matéria de fontes mundiais de pensamentos relacionados com a Aviação” até que, em seu número 18, de agosto de 2006, passa a acolher “temas estratégicos, de Geopolítica e, acima de tudo, de cultura geral.” Em dezembro de 2011, foram inseridas duas seções perma- nentes: uma sobre o Museu Aeroespacial e outra sobre a Biblioteca do INCAER, dois importantes órgãos que concentram itens importan- tes da história da aviação, como aeronaves, equipamentos e literatura. Vislumbra-se, com isso, uma oportunidade para a divulgação, não só de seus acervos, como também de suas realizações. Assim, dentro desse espectro mais amplo, acolhemos mais uma série de assuntos sobre aviação e outros que julgamos de interesse de nossos leitores, tanto de caráter histórico como ambientados na atual conjuntura. Tendo em vista que todos são apresentados com linguagem clara e ótima fundamentação, a nosso ver, está garantida a qualidade que buscamos manter para esta publicação. Mais uma vez, manifestamos nosso agradecimento aos assíduos e prestimosos colaboradores que, com seus artigos e ensaios bem elabo- rados e atualizados, dão-nos a convicção de que estamos conseguindo levar a bom termo nossa missão. Ten Brig Ar R/1 Ailton dos Santos Pohlmann Diretor do INCAER OS_531_Ideias 46.indd 3 27/01/16 09:19 OS_531_Ideias 46.indd 4 27/01/16 09:19 Ideias em Nº 46 Destaque jul./dez. 2015 Sumário 1. A imprescindível modernização do aparato defensivo brasileiro ...........7 Manuel Cambeses Júnior 2. A aeronave Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress ............................................11 José Luiz de Oliveira Coelho 3. “Arrudeia” .........................................................................................23 Delano Teixeira Menezes 4. Emprego de fontes humanas (HUMINT) na atividade de Inteligência ..................................................................................26 Márcio Bonifácio Moraes 5. Luiz Fernando Cabral: o mais antigo piloto de ensaios em voo do Brasil ................................................................................47 MárioVinagre 6. A sobrevivência das nossas populações nas grandes cidades ................50 Jober Rocha 7. Carta de fé e de confiança ..................................................................56 Sérgio Pedro Bambini 8. O translado de aeronaves PT-19 ........................................................58 Gustavo de Oliveira Borges (in memoriam) 9. Conhecimento e poder ......................................................................62 Paulo Cesar de Castro 10. O labirinto e o colapso .....................................................................69 Afonso Farias OS_531_Ideias 46.indd 5 27/01/16 09:19 11. A Força Aérea Brasileira na imprensa, entre 1956 e 1960: digitalização de acervo doado ao INCAER ........................................72 Alexandre Silva Fernandes 12. O Dia dos Oficiais R/2: um líder consagrado e um ideal concretizado ........................................................................76 Sérgio Pinto Monteiro 13. Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica: a estratégia do conhecimento ...............................................................................79 Delano Teixeira Menezes 14. Conflitos e fricções geopolíticas mundiais ..........................................82 Manuel Cambeses Júnior 15. O retorno das Cruzadas ...................................................................100 Jober Rocha 16. Vencendo a primeira corrida internacional de balões .......................104 Cleveland Moffet (tradução de Rodrigo Moura Visoni) 17. Museu Aeroespacial: CELACANTO 1262 ........................................97 Rachel Motta Cardoso 18. A Biblioteca Ten Brig Moreira Lima ................................................121 Nair de Laia 19. Coleção Aeronáutica do INCAER ...................................................125 OS_531_Ideias 46.indd 6 27/01/16 09:19 A imprescindível modernização do aparato defensivo brasileiro Manuel Cambeses Júnior Sem possuir armas próprias, nenhum principado estará seguro; estará, antes, à mercê da sorte, não existindo virtude que o defenda nas adversidades. Maquiavel O Brasil é país guiado por sentimento de paz. Não abriga nenhuma ambição territorial, não possui litígios em suas fronteiras nem, tam- pouco, inimigos declarados. Toda ação por ele empreendida nas esferas diplomática e militar busca, sistematicamente, a manutenção da paz. Porém, tem interesses a defender, responsabilidades a assumir e pa- pel a desempenhar no tocante à segurança e defesa, em níveis hemisfé- rico e mundial, em face de sua estatura político-estratégica no concerto das nações. O primeiro objetivo de nossa política de defesa, portanto, deve ser o de assegurar a defesa dos interesses vitais da nação contra qualquer ameaça forânea. Não se pode precisar, a priori, a fronteira entre os inte- resses vitais e os estratégicos. Os dois devem ser defendidos com ênfase e determinação. Essencialmente, os interesses estratégicos residem na manutenção da paz, no continente sul-americano e nas regiões que o conformam e o rodeiam, bem como os espaços essenciais para a ativi- dade econômica e para o livre comércio (Setentrião Oriental, Costão Andino, Cone Sul e Atlântico Sul). Fora desse âmbito, o Brasil tem interesses que correspondem às responsabilidades assumidas nos Fóruns Internacionais e Organismos Multilaterais e ao seu status na ordem mundial. Este é conformado por combinação de fatores históricos, políticos, estratégicos, militares, eco- nômicos, científicos, tecnológicos e culturais. Sem defesa adequada, a segurança nacional e a perenidade desses interesses estarão seriamente comprometidos e, consequentemente, não poderão ser assegurados. Daí, ressalta-se a imperiosa necessidade de contarmos com Forças Armadas preparadas, suficientemente poderosas e aptas ao emprego Id. em Dest., Rio de Janeiro, jul./dez. 2015;(46) : 7 - 10. 7 OS_531_Ideias 46.indd 7 27/01/16 09:19 imediato, capazes de desencorajar qualquer intenção de agressão militar ao país, pela capacidade de revide que representam. Essa estratégia é enfatizada para evitar a guerra e exige, como coro- lário, o fortalecimento da expressão militar do poder nacional, além de impor excelente grau de aprestamento e prontificação das Forças Arma- das, desde o tempo de paz, através da realização de treinamentos, exer- cícios operacionais dentro de cada força singular, não sendo excluída a necessidade de planejamento e do treinamento de operações conjuntas e combinadas no âmbito das FFAA. O estudo da História, particularmente da História Militar de uma nação, conduz a conclusões e realça aspectos capazes de influir na ex- pressão militar de seu poder nacional. O estudo das campanhas milita- res, com seus erros e acertos, o respeito às tradições, o culto aos heróis, dentre outros, trazem reflexos à formulação da doutrina, ao moral e à estrutura militares. As tradições históricas e militares constituem, ainda, fatores de in- fluência sobre a expressão militar. Essas tradições, que cumpre cultuar e manter, não devem, por outro lado, apresentar obstáculos intrans- poníveis à evolução, ao desenvolvimento e à tecnologia militares. No equilíbrio entre essas ideias, às vezes opostas, está o acerto que revigora a expressão militar. Assumem, também, papel de destaque os aspectos qualitativos dos recursos humanos, o apoio, em maior ou menor grau, da opinião pública nacional e mesmo internacional, a coesão interna e a vonta- de nacional. E, nesse contexto, ressalta a fundamental importância do povo – expressão máxima das forças vivas da nação – como verdadeiro esteio das Forças Armadas, quando a elas se une, nelas se apoia e com elas se confunde. A população traduz sua indispensável solidariedade à expressão militar através da opinião pública, que deve constituir, sem dúvida, preocupação constante quando se pretende manter, em alto nível, aquela expressão do poder nacional. Nesse sentido, é imperioso o esforço para conservar integrados o homem militar e o homem civil, sem discriminações de qualquer
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