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T.C. Kocael Ünverstes Sosyal Blmler Ensttüsü Franz Von Papen'n Ankara'dak Büyükelçlk Yillari Yüksek Lsans Tez Banu El

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T.C. Kocael Ünverstes Sosyal Blmler Ensttüsü Franz Von Papen'n Ankara'dak Büyükelçlk Yillari Yüksek Lsans Tez Banu El T.C. KOCAEL İ ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN ANKARA’DAK İ BÜYÜKELÇ İLİK YILLARI YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ BANU EL ANAB İLİM DALI : ULUSLARARASI İLİŞ KİLER PROGRAMI : S İYAS İ TAR İH KOCAEL İ, 2006 T.C. KOCAEL İ ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN ANKARA’DAK İ BÜYÜKELÇ İLİK YILLARI YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ BANU EL ANAB İLİM DALI : ULUSLARARASI İLİŞ KİLER PROGRAMI : S İYAS İ TAR İH DANI ŞMAN: YRD. DOÇ. DR. BEK İR GÜNAY KOCAEL İ, 2006 SUNU Ş Bu çalı şma, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’ne yüksek lisans tezi olarak sunulmak üzere, Yrd. Doç Dr. Bekir Günay’ın danı şmanlı ğında hazırlandı. Franz von Papen’in Ankara’daki Büyükelçilik yıllarını mercek altına aldı ğım bu çalı şmamın Türk Diplomasi Tarihi kapsamında yapılmı ş çok az sayıdaki incelemelerin devamı niteli ğinde olmasını arzu ettim. Osmanlı Devleti’nde diplomasinin kurumsalla ştı ğı yıllardan günümüze kadar gerek ülkemizde görev yapmı ş yabancı diplomatlar, gerek yabancı ülkelerdeki Türk diplomatları bir çok dönemde devletlerarası ili şkilere ve dolayısıyla tarihe yön verebilme şansını yakalamı ştır. Türk Diplomasi Tarihi çerçevesinde faaliyetlerinin incelenmesi gereken bu diplomatlara ili şkin ara ştırmaların sayısı yok denecek kadar azdır. Nitekim, Türkçe olarak yayınlanmı ş anı, biyografi ya da otobiyografi miktarı da parmakla sayılabilecek kadardır. Çalı şmamın, Türk Diplomasi Tarihi dahilindeki kapanması çok güç bo şlu ğun en azından küçük bir bölümünü doldurmasını hedefleyerek bu konuyu seçtim. Franz von Papen’in Ankara’da büyükelçilik yaptı ğı günlerin, İkinci Dünya Sava şı dönemine denk geliyor olmasının kaynak konusunda bana büyük bir kolaylık sunaca ğını umut etmi ştim. Söz konusu dönemle ilgili Alman ar şiv belgeleri kamuya açılmı ştı. İncelememde ben de bu belgelerden faydalandım. Türkiye’de söz konusu döneme ili şkin yapılan ara ştırmalarda hep Alman ar şiv belgelerinden faydalanılmı ştı. Bu ara ştırmaların yapıldı ğı günlerde, Türk ar şiv belgelerinin kamuya açık olmaması bu durumun ba şlıca sebebiydi. Tamamı olmamakla birlikte Cumhuriyet Ar şivi’ndeki döneme ili şkin belgelerin bir bölümünün ara ştırmacıların kullanımına açılmı ş olması benim için bir şans oldu. Böylelikle, çalı şmamda Alman ar şiv belgeleri ve Rus ar şivinde yer alan di ğer Alman belgelerinin yanında Türk ar şiv belgelerini de kullanabildim. Bu belgeler ı şığında Türk – Alman ili şkilerini de ğerlendirirken, II Franz von Papen’in Alman dı ş politika belirleyicilerinin direktifleri dı şındaki bireysel duru şunu ortaya koymaya çalı ştım. Franz von Papen ile ilgili olarak yazılmı ş tüm biyografilere ula ştım ve inceledim. Çok az baskı yapmı ş ve oldukça eski tarihlerde basılmı ş olan bu eserlere ula şmam oldukça zor oldu. Bir ço ğu antika niteli ği kazanmı ş olan eserlere oranla daha yeni olan çalı şmalar dahi edinilmesi güç olan kitaplardı. Bahsi geçen çalı şmaların büyük bir bölümü Türkiye’de hiçbir şekilde bulunamamakla birlikte, yurtdı şındaki kütüphanelerde bile izlerine rastlanamıyordu. Bu eserlere ula şabilmek için uzun bir süre büyük bir çaba harcadım ve sonunda hepsine ula şabildim. Lakin, maliyeti bir ö ğrenci için çok büyük oldu. Franz von Papen’in hatıraları ve hakkında yazılmı ş olan tüm eserlerde Türkiye Büyükelçilik yılları son derece yüzeysel olarak anlatılmı ştı. Bu durum beni çok memnun etti. Zira Franz von Papen’in Türkiye’deki yıllarını ayrıntılarıyla incelemi ş olan ilk ki şi ben olacaktım ve yaptı ğım çalı şma konusunda bir ilk olarak bir çok ara ştırmacıya da kaynaklık edebilecekti. Umuyorum ki, Cumhuriyet Ar şivi’nin yeni belgeleri kamuya açmasıyla birlikte bu konuyu yeniden incelemek isteyen ara ştırmacılara yardımcı olabilir ve Franz von Papen’in hayatına ve Türkiye’deki Büyükelçilik yıllarına ilgi duyan tarih severleri çalı şmam ile tatmin edebilirim. Benden, maddi ve manevi desteklerini esirgemeyen, uykusuz gecelerimde bana e şil eden annem ve babama şükranlarımı sunarım. Ufkumu geni şleten, bana yol gösteren, ara ştırmamın fikir babası çok de ğerli hocam Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sayın Bekir Günay’a da sonsuz te şekkürlerimi sunarım. Onlar olmasaydı, bu çalı şma olmazdı. Kocaeli, Mayıs 2006 BANU EL III İÇİNDEK İLER SUNU Ş.......................................................................................................... I İÇİNDEK İLER.............................................................................................. III ÖZET.......................................................................................................... VII ABSTRACT.................................................................................................. IX KISALTMALAR...........................................................................................XI GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................. 1 I – FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN HAYATI............................................................. 5 A – FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN ÇOCUKLUK YILLARI ................................ 5 B – FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN E Ğİ TİM HAYATI ......................................... 8 C – FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN AMER İKA VE MEKS İKA YILLARI........... 11 D – B İNBA ŞI FRANZ VON PAPEN ....................................................... 19 1 – Batı Cephesinden Filistin Görevine ...................................................................... 19 2 – Ate şkes Sonrası Geli şmeler .................................................................................. 21 3 – Franz von Papen’in Sivil Hayata Dönü şü ............................................................. 26 E – FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN POL İTİK KAR İYER İ.................................. 29 1 – Prusya Meclisi ......................................................................................................... 29 2 – Franz Von Papen’in Almanya Ba şbakanı Olu şu .................................................. 36 IV 3 – Lozan Konferansı.................................................................................................... 42 4 – Hitler İktidarı ve Almanya’da Yeni Dönem............................................................ 46 F – FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN D İPLOMAT İK KAR İYER İ.......................... 59 1 – Franz von Papen’in Avusturya Büyükelçili ği....................................................... 59 2 – Franz von Papen’in Türkiye Büyükelçili ği............................................................ 68 II – TÜRK – ALMAN İLİŞ KİLER İ................................................................. 69 A – OSMANLI DEVLET İ DÖNEM İNDE TÜRK – ALMAN İLİŞ KİLER İ... 69 1 - II. Abdülhamid Döneminde Türk – Alman İli şkileri.............................................. 76 a) Askeri Alanda İş birli ği ....................................................................................... 76 b) II. Willhelm’in 1. Osmanlı Ziyareti ve 1890 Türk – Alman Ticaret Antla şması.. 77 c) II. Abdülhamid ’ in Ba ğdat Demiryolu’na Verdi ği Önem Ve Hattın İş leyi şi:....... 79 d) II. Willhelm’in Türkiye’yi İkinci Ziyareti Ve Sonuçları: ....................................... 80 e) Ba ğdat Demiryolu ve Dünya Politikasına Etkileri: ............................................ 82 2 - İttihat ve Terakki Dönemi Türk – Alman İli şkileri................................................. 85 a) Almanya , II. Abdülhamid ve Jön Türkler:......................................................... 85 b) İkinci Me şrutiyet’in İlanı İle İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti:.................................... 88 c) Me şrutiyet Türkiye’sinin İlk Zamanlarında Osmanlı ve Almanya:..................... 89 d) İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyetinin Etkinli ğini Arttırması ve Alman Dı ş Politikası: ... 91 e) 1. Dünya Sava şı Öncesinde Türkiye ve Almanya: ........................................... 93 f) Türk – Alman İttifak Antla şması ve Birinci Dünya Sava şı:................................ 95 V B – TÜRK İYE CUMHUR İYET İ – ALMANYA İLİŞ KİLER İ....................... 98 1 - Weimar Cumhuriyeti Dönemi’nde Türk – Alman İli şkileri.................................... 98 a) Siyasi İli şkiler: .................................................................................................. 98 b) Ekonomik İli şkiler:........................................................................................... 101 c) Kültürel İli şkiler:............................................................................................... 102 d) Askeri İli şkiler:................................................................................................. 103 2 - Nazi Dönemi Türk – Alman İli şkileri (1933 – 1939) ............................................. 105 a) Siyasi İli şkiler: ................................................................................................. 105 b) Ekonomik İli şkiler:........................................................................................... 107 c) Kültürel İli şkiler:............................................................................................... 110 d) Askeri İli şkiler:................................................................................................. 111 III – FRANZ VON PAPEN’ İN ANKARA BÜYÜKELÇ İLİK YILLARI .......... 113 A – FRANZ VON PAPEN VE TÜRK HÜKÜMET İ................................. 113 1 - Franz von Papen’in Ankara Büyükelçili ğine Atanması...................................... 113 2 - İkinci Dünya Sava şı’nda Türk Dı ş Politikası ....................................................... 119 a) 1939 Yılında Türk Dı ş Politikası ...................................................................
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