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SEAL RECOMMENDATIONS BY FLUID www.chestertonrotating.com Form. EN23874 03/15 Seal Recommendations by Fluid CONCENTRATION AND PIPING PLANS Code - * : Substance currently does not have The recommended piping plan or choice of a CAS Number listed; therefore, substance TEMPERATURE RANGES has not been classified accordingly. Concentration: Listed as a percentage of plans to be utilized to enhance seal life and the pure component. The diluent for all non performance based on the API Auxiliary Piping No Code: Substance is not classified under the 100% entries is water unless otherwise noted. Systems for mechanical seals. There is no parameters specified in the regulations. It does <SP indicates the seal recommendation is valid piping plan designated for applications which not necessarily mean that there are no hazards for any concentration less than the solubility point typically do not require one. Where more than associated with the substance. of the substance in water. one plan is listed: Temperature: Temperature or range listed in Plan 1, Plan 2 (separated by a comma) MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION - degrees Celsius (ºC) and Fahrenheit (ºF) for which Use the most appropriate plan for your PERFORMANCE CAPABILITIES the seal recommendation is applicable at the application. Materials of construction are grouped by specified concentration. Plan 1/Plan 2 (separated by a slash) metallurgy, faces, and secondary seals. Use both plans in conjunction for Performance capabilities of the seal materials are CAS the application. rated A = Acceptable and B = Alternate Choice. CAS numbers are internationally recognized These ratings are based on existing published and are a resource for scientists, industry, HAZARD INFORMATION data (references), laboratory tests, and informed and regulatory bodies. The numbers are With the exception of carcinogenicity, decisions on the part of Chesterton Engineering. unique identifiers for chemical substances. hazard classifications listed are determined Typically, an A rating in the same group of A CAS Registry Number has no inherent according to the internationally recognized materials will have similar performance chemical significance but provides an European Council Directive 96/54/EC, characteristics. Materials rated B may experience unambiguous way to identify a chemical dealing with the classification, packaging, changes in properties which may reduce seal life substance or molecular structure when there and labeling of dangerous substances. and should be considered as an alternate choice. are many possible generic, trade, or trivial names. Carcinogenicity classifications listed A more definitive explanation is as follows: are reported using the evaluations of the Metals: NOTES ON FLUIDS LISTED International Agency for Research on Cancer A - Preferred material of construction, .002 inches Typically, the common name of each substance (IARC), Groups 1, 2A, or 2B. per year corrosion (0.05 mm/yr.). On some rare is listed in alphabetical order. If the entry is The definitions listed below illustrate occasions an (A) rating may exceed .002 inches followed by parenthetic text, the added text the relative hazard of each group but is not per year. This material is a preferred material due gives additional description to the substance. the full definition as stated in each of the to its ability to retain mechanical properties For example, an entry followed by (TM) indicates compilations. If the full definition is required over other materials, cost constraints, material the name is a trademark. In some cases, where please review the aforementioned availability, and machinability. the substance’s acronym may be as common documents. as the actual name, we have listed the acronym B - Alternate material of construction, in parenthesis. An example would be Polyvinyl Code - C: Corrosive - Substance causes burns .020 inches per year corrosion (0.50 mm/yr.). Alcohol (PVA). Other primary statements include: to skin tissue when in contact with either the The effect to mechanical properties may vapor, fluid, or solid phase of the substance. be significant enough for failure. Aerated - Indicates the recommendation is for the fluid stream containing entrained air. Code - Ca: Carcinogen - Substance is a Elastomers: The entrained air changes the seal material suspect human carcinogen. A - Volumetric swell is negligible after selection for the fluid in its uncontaminated state. Code - E: Explosive - There is a risk of an exposure. Under process pressure and elevated temperatures some loss of physical Wet - Indicates the recommendation is for the fluid explosion when substance is subjected to shock, friction, fire, or other sources of ignition. properties may occur. stream containing a small percentage of water. B - Volumetric swell is in excess 10% after Code - F+: Extremely Flammable - Liquid The water contamination changes the seal exposure. Physical property loss and material substance having a flash point lower than material selection for the fluid in its degradation may be significant enough for failure. uncontaminated state. 0ºC and a boiling point lower than or equal to 35ºC or gaseous substances which are Face Materials: Gas - Indicates the stated recommendation A - Material is not affected, chemically, by is for the material in the gaseous phase. flammable in contact with air at ambient temperature and pressure. the pumped fluid. Recommendations without this designation B - The effect to physical properties may be Code - F: Highly Flammable - Liquid substance are for the liquid phase. significant enough for failure due to chemical typically having a flash point lower than 21ºC. Phase - Used as a general indicator of what attack of fillers, binders, and additive materials phase the substance, undiluted or neat, is at Code - R10: Flammable -Liquid substance used in the manufacturing processes. ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. typically having a flash point equal to or greater C - Solid or crystalline state: material must be than 21ºC, and less than or equal to 55ºC. Materials Key dissolved or suspended in solution or heated Code - O: Oxidizing - Substances which may, SS — 316 Stainless Steel to a liquid to be sealed. themselves, cause fire or enhance the risk A20 — Alloy-20 of fire when in contact with combustibles. HB — Hastelloy® B G - Gas: seal recommendations for gases HC — Hastelloy® C assume the gas is liquefied or in the liquid state Code - N: Environment - Substance which MONEL — Monel® unless specified. Carbon Dioxide (gas) would is hazardous to ecosystems. Ti — Titanium indicate this seal recommendation is for Code - T+: Very Toxic - Substance which is very CB — Carbon Carbon Dioxide in its gaseous state, not liquefied. toxic by ingestion (LD50 oral, rat 25 mg/kg), skin CR — Ceramic L - Liquid contact, or by inhalation. TC — Tungsten Carbide V - Viscous liquid Code - T: Toxic - Substance which is toxic SSC — Sintered Silicon Carbide by ingestion (LD50 oral, rat 200 mg/kg), RSC — Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide skin contact, or by inhalation. DC — Duplex Carbide™ FKM — Fluorocarbon Code - Xi: Irritant - Substance causes EP — Ethylene Propylene significant inflammation of the skin or eyes and BUNA-N — BUNA-N persists for at least 24 hours. LD-FKM — Acid Resistant Fluorocarbon Code - Xn: Harmful - Substance which NEOPRENE — Neoprene is harmful by ingestion (LD50 oral, rat TJ/FKM — PTFE Jacketed/Fluorocarbon 2000 mg/kg), skin contact, or by inhalation. FF250 — ChemLast™ (Perfluorocarbon) FF550 — ChemLast™ (Perfluorocarbon) 2 Seal RecommendationsbyFluid 3 Mechanical Seal Recommendations by Fluid Fluid Recommended Materials of Construction Fluid Information Mechanical Seal Performance Capabilities Properties Primary Secondary Metals Faces Elastomers ) ) ) ) CP 25°C ( ( 25°C ( ATM ( (1ATM) ) TEMPERATURE 25°C FLUID PERCENT CAS SEAL MATERIAL PIPING PLANS SEAL MATERIAL CONCENTRATION °C °F SS A20 HB HC MONEL CB CR TC SSC RSC DC FKM EP BUNA-N NEOPRENE TJ/FKM FF250 FF550 PHASE SPECIFIC GRAVITY VAPOR PRESSURE BOILING MELTING (°C) POINT VISCOSITY HAZARD INFORMATION NOTES ( POINT POINT (°C) Ti PIPING PIPING PLANS Acetamide <SP >85 >185 60-35-5 S20 CB/SSC-CB/SSC - S - Chemlast550 53, 54 280 CB/SSC-SSC/CB - S - Chemlast550 53, 54 A A A A A A A A A A B A A B A C 1.22 221.15 81.00 Ca, Xn 6 Acetic Acid >40 <100 <212 64-19-7 180 CB/SSC -HC/S - EPDM 11, 13 440 CB/RSC - S - EPDM 11, 13 B A A B A A A A A A A B A A A L C Acetic Acid <40 <100 <212 64-19-7 180 CB/SSC - S - EPDM 11, 13 442 CR/CB - S - EPDM 11, 13 A A A A A B A A B A A A A A A A A L C Acetic Acid <10 <100 <212 64-19-7 180 CB/SSC - S - EPDM 11, 13 442 CR/CB - S - EPDM 11, 13 A A A A A A A A A A A B A A L Xi Acetic Acid (glacial) >96 <120 <248 64-19-7 S20 CB/SSC-CB/SSC - S - Chemlast550 53, 54 53, 54 B B A A B A A A A A A A A A L 1.04 0.02 117.90 16.66 1.12 C Acetic Acid 2-Methyl, 2-Butyl Ester; See Amyl Acetate Acetic Acid Amine; See Acetamide Acetic Acid Ethenyl Ester; See Vinyl Acetate Acetic Acid Methyl Ester; See Methyl Acetate Acetic Anhydride 100 <20 <68 108-24-7 S20 CB/SSC-CB/SSC - S - Chemlast550 53, 54 280 CB/SSC-SSC/CB - S - Chemlast550 53, 54 A A A A A A A A A A B B A A L 1.07 0.01 139.55 -73.00 0.85 Xn, C Acetic Anhydride <60 <80 <176 108-24-7 180 CB/SSC -HC/S - Chemlast550 11, 13 440 CB/RSC - S - Chemlast550 11, 13 B B A A A A A A A A B B A A L Xn, C Acetic Anhydride <30 <80 <176 108-24-7 S20 CB/SSC-CB/SSC - S - Chemlast550 53, 54 280 CB/SSC-SSC/CB - S - Chemlast550 53, 54 B B A A A A A A A A B B A A L Xn, C Acetol; See Diacetone Alcohol 0.00 0.00
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  • Uncorrected Proof

    Uncorrected Proof

    Latin American Applied Research 33:79-86 (2003) EFFECT OF THE ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF Mg-Al MIXED OXIDES ON THE CATALYST DEACTIVATION DURING ALDOL CONDENSATION REACTIONS V.K. DÍEZ, C.R. APESTEGUÍA and J.I. DI COSIMO* Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica -INCAPE- (UNL-CONICET). Santiago del Estero 2654, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract−− The effect of chemical composition of have reported that Mg-Al mixed oxides efficiently Mg-Al mixed oxides on both the acid-base properties catalyze the gas-phase self-condensation of acetone to and the deactivation process during the gas phase α,β-unsaturated ketones such as mesityl oxides and self-condensation of acetone was studied. The isophorone (Di Cosimo et al., 1998a). Unfortunately, in activity and selectivity for acetone oligomerization coupling reactions like aldol condensations, basic depended on the catalyst acid-base properties. Mg- catalysts are often deactivated either by the presence of rich catalysts selectively yielded mesityl oxides byproducts such as water in the gas phase or by coke whereas Al-rich MgyAlOx oxides produced mainly build up through secondary side reactions. Deactivation isophorone. The initial deactivation rate, increased has traditionally limited the potential of solid basic linearly with the density of surface basic sites, catalysts to replace environmentally problematic and thereby suggesting that although MgyAlOx oxides corrosive liquid bases. However, few works in the promote the self-condensation of acetone by both literature deal with the deactivation of solid bases under acid- and base-catalyzed mechanisms, the reaction conditions. Studies relating the concerted and deactivation rate would be closely related to the sequential pathways required in the deactivation surface basic properties.