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(KAŞ/ANTALYA) FLORASI Düriye FENER FEN BİLİMLE

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(KAŞ/ANTALYA) FLORASI Düriye FENER FEN BİLİMLE T.C. AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KIBRIS ÇAYI YABAN HAYATI GELİŞTİRME SAHASI (KAŞ/ANTALYA) FLORASI Düriye FENER FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ŞUBAT 2018 ANTALYA T.C. AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KIBRIS ÇAYI YABAN HAYATI GELİŞTİRME SAHASI (KAŞ/ANTALYA) FLORASI Düriye FENER FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ŞUBAT 2018 ANTALYA T.C. AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ KIBRIS ÇAYI YABAN HAYATI GELİŞTİRME SAHASI (KAŞ/ANTALYA) FLORASI Düriye FENER FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ (Bu tez Akdeniz Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından FYL2016 1330 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.) ŞUBAT 2018 T.C. ÖZET KIBRIS ÇAYI YABAN HAYATI GELİŞTİRME SAHASI (KAŞ/ANTALYA) FLORASI Düriye FENER Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Yard. Doç. Dr. Candan AYKURT Şubat 2018; 201 Sayfa Bu çalışmada Kıbrıs Çayı Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası’nda (Kaş/ Antalya) yayılış gösteren bitki taksonları belirlenmiştir. Kıbrıs Çayı YHGS, Antalya ili Kaş ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Araştırma alanından Haziran 2015-Eylül 2017 tarihleri arasında 1500’e yakın bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örneklerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 73 familyaya ait 276 cins ve 515 bitki türü (538 takson) tespit edilmiştir. 73 familyadan 4’ü Pteridophyta (Eğreltiler) divisiosuna, 69’u ise Magnoliophyta (Tohumlu Bitkiler) divisiosuna aittir. Teşhis edilen 538 taksondan 4 takson Pteridophyta divisiosu, 534 takson Magnoliophyta divisiosu içinde yer almaktadır. Magnoliophyta divisiosuna dahil olan Pinophytina (Açık Tohumlular) alt divisiosu 5 takson; Magnoliophytina (Kapalı Tohumlular) alt divisiosu 528 takson içermektedir. Magnoliophytina alt divisiosundan 466 takson Magnoliopsida (İki çenekliler/Dikotiller) sınıfı, 63 takson ise Liliopsida (Tek çenekliler/Monokotiller) sınıfına dahildir. En fazla sayıda takson ihtiva eden familyalar sırasıyla Fabaceae (68), Asteraceae (57), Lamiaceae (45), Brassicaceae (38), Caryophyllaceae (29), Apiaceae (23), Poaceae (23), Rosaceae (17), Boraginaceae (16) ve Plantaginaceae (13)’dir. En fazla sayıda takson ihtiva eden cinsler ise sırasıyla Silene (13), Alyssum (9), Hypericum (9), Trifolium (9), Astragalus (8), Medicago (8), Veronica (8), Vicia (8), Galium (7) ve Lathyrus (7) olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda alanda yayılış gösterdiği belirlenen endemik takson sayısı 59 (% 10.96)’dur. Değerlendirilen taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımları ise şu şekildedir: 197 (% 36.62) takson Akdeniz elementi, 25 (% 4.64) takson İran-Turan elementi, 12 (% 2.23) takson Avrupa-Sibirya elementidir. 304 (% 56.5) takson ise çok bölgeli veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyendir. Araştırma alanında takson sayısı bakımından en çok sayıda takson içeren familya Fabaceae (68 takson), cins ise Silene (13 takson) olarak belirlenmiştir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Endemizm, Flora, Kaş, Kıbrıs Çayı, Taksonomi. JÜRİ: Yard. Doç. Dr. Candan AYKURT Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL Doç. Dr. Evren CABİ i ABSTRACT THE FLORA OF KIBRIS RIVER WILDLIFE DEVELOPMENT AREA (KAŞ/ANTALYA) Düriye FENER MSc in Biology Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Candan AYKURT February 2018, 201 pages In this study, the flora of Kıbrıs River Wildlife Development Area (Kaş/ Antalya) was investigated. Kıbrıs River is located in Kaş, Antalya. Aproximately 1500 plant samples were collected in this region between June 2015 and September 2017. As a result of the study, among this plant samples 276 genera and 515 species belonging to 73 different families were identified. Number of total species and subspecies taxa was found to be 538. 4 of the 73 families belong to the Pteridophyta division. The remaining 69 families belong to the Magnoliophyta division. 4 of the 538 analyzed taxa belong to the Pteridophyta division and the remaining 534 belong to the Magnoliophyta division. The Pinophytina (Gymnosperms) sub-division which belongs to the division Magnoliophyta contains 5 taxa while the Magnoliophytina (Angiosperms) sub-division contains 528 taxa. 466 taxa from the Magnoliophytina sub-division belong to the Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons/dicotyle's) class and 63 taxa to the Liliopsida (Monocots/monocots) class. Families that contain the most taxa, in decreasing order, are Fabaceae (68), Asteraceae (57), Lamiaceae (45), Brassicaceae (38), Caryophyllaceae (29), Apiaceae (23), Poaceae (22), Rosaceae (17), Boraginaceae (16) and Plantaginaceae (13). Genera that contain the most taxa, in decreasing order, are Silene (13), Alyssum (9), Hypericum (9), Trifolium (9), Astragalus (8), Medicago (8), Veronica (8), Vicia (8), Galium (7) and Lathyrus (7). The number of endemic taxa in the region is 59 (10.96%). The identified taxa are distributed into the phytogeographic regions as follows: 197 (36.62%) Mediterranean, 25 (4.64%) Irano-Turanian and 12 (2.23%) Euro-Siberian. The phytogeographic regions of the remaining 304 (56.5%) taxa were either unknown or multi-regional. The Fabaceae (68 taxa) was the largest family and the Silene (13 taxa) was the biggest genus in the region studied. KEYWORDS: Endemism, Flora, Kıbrıs River, Kaş, Taxonomy. COMMITTEE: Asst. Prof. Dr. Candan AYKURT Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL Assoc. Prof. Dr. Evren CABİ ii ÖNSÖZ Araştırma alanı Antalya ilinin güneybatısında yer alan Kaş ilçesine bağlı Kıbrıs Çayı Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme sahasıdır. Bu alan 2005 yılında yaban keçilerini izleme faaliyeti ile koruma statüsüne alınmıştır. Kıbrıs Çayı YHGS eşsiz tabiatıyla birçok yerli ve yabancı turistin ilgisini çekmektedir. Alanda gerçekleştirilen kaya tırmanışları, doğa yürüyüşleri ve doğa fotoğrafçılığı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Yılın belli dönemlerinde gerekli izinlerin alınması şartı ile kontrollü avlanma da gerçekleştirilmektedir. Koruma statüsünde bulunan ve doğa turizmi açısından önemli bir yere sahip olan bu alanın florası üzerine geçmişte ciddi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Özel konumu sebebiyle Kıbrıs Çayı’nın florası oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmak amacıyla bu çalışma hayata geçirilerek alanın bitki envanteri çıkarılmış ve bitki çeşitliliği ortaya koyulmuştur. “Kıbrıs Çayı Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası (Kaş/Antalya) Florası” isimli çalışmamda, bu çalışmanın başından sonuna kadar planlanması ve değerlendirilmesinde, toplanan örneklerin teşhisinde her türlü desteği esirgemeyen akademik danışmanım, sevgili hocam Yard. Doç. Dr. Candan AYKURT (Akdeniz Üni., Biyoloji Bölümü) başta olmak üzere, her konudaki yardımlarıyla tezime büyük katkısı olan Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL (Akdeniz Üni., Biyoloji Bölümü), Prof. Dr. Ramazan Süleyman GÖKTÜRK (Akdeniz Üni., Biyoloji Bölümü), Doç. Dr. İsmail Gökhan DENİZ (Akdeniz Üni., Eğitim Fakültesi), Uzman Emre KILIÇ’a (Akdeniz Üni., Biyoloji Bölümü) teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca arazi çalışmalarında, alanı daha iyi tanımamda bana yardımcı olan Raşit ÇATALKAYA ve ailesine, tüm tez süresi boyunca gerek arazi çalışmaları gerekse herbaryum çalışmalarında beni yalnız bırakmayan sevgili eşim Mustafa FENER’e ve maddi-manevi her türlü desteği esirgemeyen sevgili ailem annem Aysel GÜLKOKAN, babam Hasan GÜLKOKAN ve kardeşim Hüseyin GÜLKOKAN’a teşekkürlerimi bir borç bilirim. Bu araştırmaya maddi destek sağlayan Akdeniz Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine (Proje no: FYL 2016-1330) ve burada isimlerini sayamadığım diğer kişi ve kuruluşlara teşekkürlerimi sunarım. iii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET……………………………………………………………………..………………i ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..…ii ÖNSÖZ………………………………………………………………………………….iii İÇİNDEKİLER………………………………………………………………………….iv AKADEMİK BEYAN………………………………………………………………….vi SİMGELER ve KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ………………………………...……..……vii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ……………………………………….……………………..……...ix ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ………………………………….…………..…………………..xi 1. GİRİŞ…………………………………………………...….…………………………1 1.1. Kıbrıs Çayı Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası’nın Coğrafi Konumu…...……...…4 1.2. Alanın Jeoloji ve Jeomorfolojisi……...………………………………………...12 1.3. Alanın Toprak Yapısı…………..…………………………………….…………13 1.3.1. Kahverengi orman toprakları……………………...……….………...……13 1.3.2. Kırmızı Akdeniz toprakları…………………………...……….……..……13 1.3.3. Kırmızımsı kahverengi Akdeniz toprakları (Alfisoller)……………..…….14 1.3.4. Alüvyal topraklar………………………………………………...…….….14 1.3.5. Litozolik topraklar………………………………………………………....14 1.3.6. Rendzina topraklar…………………...…………………………………....14 2. KAYNAK TARAMASI……..………………………………………………………15 3. MATERYAL ve METOT…………………………………………………………...19 3.1. Arazi ve Herbaryum Çalışmaları..…………………….………………………..19 3.2. Bitki Örneklerinin Teşhisi …………………………..…………………….……19 4. BULGULAR………………………………………………………………………...22 4.1. İklim……………………………...…………………………………...………...22 4.1.1. Araştırma alanının iklimi………………………..……..…………..……...22 iv 4.1.2. Rasat istasyonları ve genel özellikleri...……...………………..………..…22 4.1.3. İklimsel veriler……………...………………………………..……………22 4.1.3.1. Sıcaklık……...…………………………………………….………….22 4.1.3.2. Yağış…………………...…………………………….……………….24 4.1.3.3. Bağıl nem…………….…………...………………………………….26 4.1.3.4. Rüzgar…………………...…………………………………………...27 2.1.4. Çalışma alanının iklimsel değerlendirilmesi………………..……….…….27 4.2. Fauna…………………………………………………………………………....32 4.3. Araştırma Alanının Vejetasyon Durumu…………...……...………..………….34 4.3.1. Orman vejetasyonu………………….……………….…………………….34 4.3.2. Kaya vejetasyonu……………...…………………………………………..36 4.3.3. Hareketli yamaçlar…………………………….…………………………..38 4.3.4. Yangın sonrası vejetasyon dinamiği……………………………………....38 4.3.5. Maki ve frigana …………...………………………………………………40 4.3.6. Su kenarı (Ripariyan) vejetasyonu…………………………….…………..41 4.3.7. Alandaki kültür bitkileri….……………………………………..…………42
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