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Practicability of the EU Natura2000 Concept in the Forested Areas Of This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Practicability of the EU Natura2000 Concept in the Forested Areas of Turkey Civil Society Dialogue EU Nature Conservation in Turkey Forests Project Practicability of EU Natura 2000 Concept in the Forested Areas of Turkey Ankara, 2018 Editor: Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU Contibuter chapter writers (Alphabetically); Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU Erwin BERGMEIER Helge WALENTOWSKI Murat DOĞAN Sevda TÜRKİŞ Stefan KREFT Şafak BULUT Ufuk COŞGUN Published by: Turkey Foresters’ Association (Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği) © Tuna Caddesi No:5/8 Kızılay Çankaya (06410) ANKARA / TURKEY Tel: +90.312.433 84 13 Fax: +90.312 433 26 64 www.ormancilardernegi.org TOD Publish No: 45 Güngöroğlu, Cumhur (Editor) Practicability of EU Natura 2000 Concept in the Forested Areas of Turkey Edition: 1, 292 Pages Including the references, no indexing. ISBN: 978-605-68977-2-6 Keywords: Natura 2000, Forests, Turkey Graphic design: Güngör GENÇ he project “Practicability of EU Natura 2000 concept in the forested areas of Turkey”is carried out within the framework of the Civil Society Dialogue Program, which is co-financed by the European Union. he program, Turkey and the European Union member country from civil society organizations come together around a common theme, communities of mutual recognition, mutual exchange of information and was developed as a platform to establish permanent dialogue. he Ministry of the European Union is responsible for the technical implementation of the program and the Central Finance and Contracts Unit is the Contracting Authority of the Program. Only the Foresters Association of Turkey is responsible from the contents of this publication and no way can not be interpreted as relecting the views of the European Union, the Republic of Turkey or the Turkish Ministry of European Union. This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Practicability of the EU Natura2000 Concept in the Forested Areas of Turkey PREFACE his book has been prepared to present the scientiic research activities under the project titled “Practicability of the EU Natura2000 Concept in the Forested Areas of Turkey” which has been completed between 15/02/2016 and 14/08/2017 with the support of the agreement no. TR2011/0135.15-01-2016 in the scope of the “Civil Society Dialogue between EU and Turkey Grant Scheme (CSD-IV/ENV)” of the European Union (EU). Turkish Association of Foresters was the beneiciary, Karabük University and NABU Germany were the co-beneiciaries in this project. he Eğriova and Kavaklı forests in Karabük and Yenice were selected as sampling forest sites where the project objectives were overseen, and all scientiic activity took place in these sites. Turkey is the leading country among EU member states in terms of the number of vascular plants and vertebrate-invertebrate animals per country. One of the major reasons for this rich diversity of species is the natural habitats with various climatic and geographical characteristics. Natura 2000 sites have a close relationship with the forest areas in EU member states. As of 2015, the ratio of total forest areas of member countries in Natura 2000 is 49%. It can be easily seen that this is a very high ratio in other land covers. he tree species in forests of Turkey and their habitat types have not been deined in the EU habitat directives. he protection of the diversity of habitats which is based on woody species that proliferate in various biogeographical regions in forests of Turkey entails signiicant opportunities as well as challenges for the EU in terms of Turkey and the Natura 2000 concept. Turkey became a party to the EU Natura 2000 concept in 1998. It is still a current issue since 2008 as a subject of approximation that has to be improved in the EU accession process. his project aims to identify the capacity of Turkey for selection of Natura 2000 sites in forest areas and to reinforce civil dialogue on the basis of EU policies on nature protection in forest areas of Turkey. In this framework, like in other European countries, assessments have been performed on the scientiic, technical and administrative capacity to identify Natura 2000 sites and on improving participating approach of the civil society about the issue. In chapter one, Stefan KREFT and Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU present some overall conceptual and legal information for Natura 2000, and more detailed information on selection of Natura 2000 sites. his chapter also presents the relationship between forestry and Natura 2000 sites. Chapter two presents vegetation units and characteristics of vegetation studies in the project application sites conducted by Sevda TÜRKİŞ. Chapter three presents a classiication of habitat types of tree species in Karabük and Yenice forests, under Natura 2000 habitat directives by Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU, Sevda TÜRKİŞ and Erwin BERGMEIER. his study also presents the way of identiication and classiication of Natura 2000 habitats which will cover the western Black Sea region. Chapter four presents the results of the studies on mammal and bird fauna in the project sites conducted by Şafak BULUT and Murat DOĞAN. According to this study, there are bird and mammal species that will form a basis for creation of Natura 2000 sites in the project sites. Chapter ive presents the results of the activities undertaken by Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU and Ufuk COŞGUN to evaluate the Natura 2000 practices with the local stakeholders in the project site. he last chapter presents Turkish forest habitat types of the EU Habitats Directive by Erwin BERGMEIER and Helge WALENTOWSKI and Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU which will ofer a basis for the classiication and identiication of Natura 2000 forest habitat types in Turkey. It contains an annotated catalogue and suggestions for an upgrade of Turkish forest habitat types. his study has been included in this book to contribute to forestry in Turkey, in the scope of EU habitat classiication. I would like to thank Serkan AYKUT, who ofered the most important basis for this book and who undertook the administrative and budget expenses in the abovementioned project and prepared the inancial report; to A. Ozan ÇEKİÇ, Industrial Engineer of Forests and the chairman of the executive board of the association who seamlessly facilitated communication with the Undersecretary of Treasury, Central Financing and Procurement Unit and EU Ministry, Civil Society Dialogue; To Nihat ÖZ, Senior Forest Engineer and the second chairman of the Turkish Association of Foresters who coordinated the project on behalf of the executives of the association; to Prof. Dr. M. Bahattin ÇELİK, the dean of the Faculty of Forestry at Karabük University, who facilitated communication with the rector’s oice for project issues and made eforts to invite participants to meetings and workshops; to Asst. Prof. Ufuk COŞGUN, Lecturer at Department of Forest Engineering who moderated the interviews with village headmen in project sites; to Asst. Prof. Murat ALAN, for the opinion and recommendation of the visit to Germany; to Dominik SOPART who helped organize the training activities held in Berlin by NABU Germany; to Nils HORSTMEIER, the NABU expert who contributed to the exhausting administrative and technical tasks of the project partnership on behalf of NABU and who made a presentation at the workshop in Karabük; to Charlotte von MÖLLENDORFF, the NABU expert who made presentations at the workshop in Karabük and at the closing meeting in Ankara; and to all authors of chapters who contributed to this book, to Serkan ŞAHİN facilitating the translations, for their assistance and eforts. I hope this book will be beneicial for relevant non-governmental organizations, practitioners at public and private organizations, to academics and to students... Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU Editor / Project Manager CONTENTS Natura 2000 – An Overview 1 Stefan KREFT, Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU Vegetation Characteristics of Eğriova and Kavaklı Forests: Yenice 17 Hotspot Sevda TÜRKİŞ Implementation of the Natura 2000 Habitat Classification for 38 Turkish Forests Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU, Sevda TÜRKİŞ, Erwin BERGMEIER Bird and Mammal Fauna in Eğriova and Kavaklı Forests 77 Şafak BULUT, Murat DOĞAN Evaluation of Natura 2000 Practices in Turkey’s Forests by Local 119 Stakeholders (Eğriova and Kavaklı Case/Karabük) Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU, Ufuk COŞGUN Turkish Forest Habitat Types – An Annotated Conspectus Based 134 on the EU Habitats Directive with Suggestions for an Upgrade Erwin BERGMEIER, Helge WALENTOWSKI, Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU Practicability of the EU Natura2000 Concept in the Forested Areas of Turkey 1 NATURA 2000 – AN OVERVIEW Stefan KREFT1, Cumhur GÜNGÖROĞLU2 1_ Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany [email protected] 2_ Karabük Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Ayyıldız Stadyumu, Karabük, Türkiye [email protected] 2 Practicability of the EU Natura2000 Concept in the Forested Areas of Turkey Abstract Since 1992, Natura 2000 sites form the European Union-wide network of protected areas. Natura 2000 is aimed to conserve ecosystems (‘habitats’) and species of outstanding conservation importance by applying appropriate measures for their protection and restoration. The underlying legal framework is composed by the Habitats Directive (of 1992) and the Birds Directive (of 1979), regulating the designation of Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and Special Protection Areas (SPA), respectively. The conservation objects are listed in annexes to these directives, namely 233 habitat types, 194 bird species and subspecies and approx. 900 species of taxonomic groups of plants, fungi and other animals. The total number of Natura 2000 sites to date is 27,522, covering 18.15% of land area of the EU. Selection of Natura 2000 sites follows criteria such as the size of a habitat type within a prospective Natura 2000 in relation to its total area size in the country, and the local conservation status. In birds, criteria address endangerment, vulnerability, rarity and given special conservation requirements of a population or species.
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