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Korkuteli/Antalya) Florasi Üzerine Bir Araştirma

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Korkuteli/Antalya) Florasi Üzerine Bir Araştirma T.C. AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ İMECİK DAĞI (KORKUTELİ/ANTALYA) FLORASI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Gönül SÖNMEZ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI 2014 T.C. AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ İMECİK DAĞI (KORKUTELİ/ANTALYA) FLORASI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Gönül SÖNMEZ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI Bu tez 2012.02.0121.021 proje numarası ile Akdeniz Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. 2014 ÖZET İMECİK DAĞI (KORKUTELİ/ANTALYA) FLORASI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Gönül SÖNMEZ Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL Aralık 2014, 214 sayfa Bu çalışma, İmecik Dağı (Korkuteli/Antalya) ve yakın çevresinin florasını kapsamaktadır. İmecik Dağı, Antalya ili Korkuteli ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Araştırma alanından Mart 2012-Kasım 2013 tarihleri arasında 1122 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, 1122 bitki örneğinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 86 familyaya ait 338 cins ve 702 tür tespit edilmiştir. Toplam takson sayısı ise 714’dür. Toplam taksondan 32 takson C3 karesinden ilk kez toplanmıştır. 86 familyadan 5’i Pteridophyta (Eğreltiler) divisiosuna, 81’i Magnoliophyta (Tohumlu Bitkiler) divisiosuna aittir. Teşhis edilen 714 taksondan 7 takson Pteridophyta divisiosu, 707 takson Magnoliophyta divisiosu içinde yer almaktadır. Magnoliophyta divisiosuna dahil olan Pinophytina (Açık Tohumlular) alt divisiosu 8 takson; Magnoliophytina (Kapalı Tohumlular) alt divisiosu 699 takson içermektedir. Magnoliophytina alt divisiosundan 618 takson Magnoliopsida (İki çenekliler/Dikotiller) sınıfı, 81 takson ise Liliopsida (Tek çenekliler/Monokotiller) sınıfına dahildir. En fazla sayıda takson ihtiva eden familyalar sırasıyla Asteraceae (88), Fabaceae (85), Lamiaceae (56), Brassicaceae (48), Caryophyllaceae (41), Boraginaceae (30), Ranunculaceae (22), Asparagaceae (21), Rosaceae (20) ve Plantaginaceae (20)’dir. Çalışma kapsamında Astragalus (16), Silene (12), Medicago (11), Ornithogalum (10), Vicia (10), Veronica (10), Trigonella (9), Ranunculus (9), Centaurea (9) ve Verbascum (9) cinsleri sırasıyla en en fazla sayıda takson içermeleriyle öne çıkmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda alanda belirlenen endemik takson sayısı 95 (%13,53)’dir. Değerlendirilen taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımları ise şu şekildedir: 253 (%35,43) takson Akdeniz elementi, 93 (%13,02) takson İran-Turan elementi, 17 (%2,38) takson Avrupa-Sibirya elementidir. 351 (%49,15) takson ise çok bölgeli veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyendir. Araştırma alanında takson sayısı bakımından en büyük familya Asteraceae (88 takson), en büyük cins ise Astragalus (16 takson) cinsidir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Endemizm, Flora, İmecik Dağı, Korkuteli, Taksonomi. JÜRİ: Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL (Danışman) Doç. Dr. Hacer SERT Yrd. Doç. Dr. Candan AYKURT i ABSTRACT A RESEARCH ON THE FLORA OF IMECIK MOUNTAIN (KORKUTELI/ANTALYA ) Gönül SÖNMEZ MSc in Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL December 2014, 214 pages In this study, the flora of Imecik Mountain and its surrounding area was investigated. Imecik Mountain is located in Korkuteli, Antalya. 1122 plant samples were collected in this region between March 2012 and November 2013. As a result of the study, among 1122 plant samples 338 genera and 702 species belonging to 86 different families were identified. Number of total species and subspecies taxa was found to be 714. 32 taxa were collected in C3 square for the first time. 5 of the 86 families belong to the Pteridophyta division. The remaining 81 families belong to the Magnoliophyta division. 7 of the 714 analyzed taxa belong to the Pteridophyta division and the remaining 707 belong to the Magnoliophyta division. The Pinophytina (Gymnosperms) sub-division which belongs to the division Magnoliophyta contains 8 taxa while the Magnoliophytina (Angiosperms) sub-division contains 699 taxa. 618 taxa from the Magnoliophytina sub-division belong to the Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons/dicotyle's) class and 81 taxa to the Liliopsida (Monocots/monocots) class. Families that contain the most taxa, in decreasing order, are Asteraceae (88), Fabaceae (85), Lamiaceae (56), Brassicaceae (48), Caryophyllaceae (41), Boraginaceae (30), Ranunculaceae (22), Asparagaceae (21), Rosaceae (20) and Plantaginaceae (20). Genera that contain the most taxa, in decreasing order, are Astragalus (16), Silene (12), Medicago (11), Ornithogalum (10), Vicia (10), Veronica (10), Trigonella (9), Ranunculus (9), Centaurea (9) and Verbascum (9). The number of endemic taxa in the region is 95 (%13,53). The identified taxa are distributed into the phytogeographic regions as follows: 253 (%35,43) Mediterranean, 93 (%13,02) Irano-Turanian and 17 (%2,38) Euro-Siberian. The phytogeographic regions of the remaining 351 (%49,15) taxa were either unknown or multi-regional. The Asteraceae (88 taxa) was the largest family and the Astragalus (16 taxa) was the biggest genus in the region studied. KEYWORDS: Endemism, Flora, Imecik Mountain, Korkuteli, Taxonomy. COMMITTEE: Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL (Supervisor) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hacer SERT Asst. Prof. Dr. Candan AYKURT ii ÖNSÖZ Araştırma alanını, Antalya ilinin batısında Korkuteli ilçesine bağlı İmecik Köyü yakınında yer almakta olan İmecik Dağı ve bu dağın yakın çevresi oluşturmaktadır. İmecik Dağı’nın Antalya iline uzaklığı 95 km, Korkuteli ilçesine uzaklığı ise 35 km olup; araştırma alanı 830 m – 2481 m yükseklikler arasında bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında araştırma alanında yayılış gösteren bitki türleri, alfabetik olarak sınıflandırılarak listelenmiştir. Araştırma alanının flora açısından araştırılmamış bir bölge olması, endemik türlerin yoğun olduğu bir bölgede yer alması, son zamanlarda bilim dünyası için yeni olan bitki türlerinin yayılış gösterdiği alanlara yakın olması ve nadir, tehlike altında bulunan bitkiler bakımından önemli alanlardan biri olabileceğinin düşünülmesi nedenlerinden dolayı böyle bir çalışmaya gerek duyulmuş ve alanın bitki listesi çıkarılarak hem insanların bilinçlendirilmesi hem de ülkemiz florasına katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Bir bölgenin sahip olduğu floristik zenginliğin devamı ancak onları koruyarak mümkündür. İnsanın tanımadığı bir şeyi sevmesi, sevmediği bir şeyi de koruması olası değildir. Korkuteli yaylaları doğada eşine az rastlanır floral bir yapı gösterir. Bu yaylalardan bir kaçı da araştırma alanı içerisinde yer almaktadır. Araştırma alanında yılın belli mevsimlerinde özellikle arazi motorları kullanılarak dağ sporlarının yapılması, tarım arazisi açma, doğal bitkilerin toplanması, bölge halkının hayvancılıkla geçimini sağlamasının sonucu olan aşırı otlatma nedenleriyle bitki örtüsü yoğun tahribat altındadır. Bitkilerin ekosistemdeki yeri hem insanlar hem de diğer canlılar açısından oldukça önemlidir. Elimizdeki bütün doğal kaynakların ve güzelliklerin farkına varmamız ve değerini bilmemiz gerekmektedir. Günümüzde doğal kaynaklarını korumayı ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarmayı başaran ülkeler önümüzdeki yüzyıla güvenle adım atarak dünyadaki yerlerinin tapusuna sahip olacaklardır. ‘‘İmecik Dağı (Korkuteli/Antalya) Florası Üzerine Bir Araştırma’’ isimli çalışmamda bu çalışmanın başından sonuna kadar planlanması ve değerlendirilmesinde, toplanan örneklerin teşhisi sırasında bana her zaman vakit ayıran ve benden her türlü desteğini esirgemeyen saygıdeğer danışman hocam Sayın Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SÜMBÜL (Akdeniz Ün., Biyoloji Bölümü) başta olmak üzere, her konudaki yardımlarıyla tezimde büyük katkısı olan Sayın Doç. Dr. Ramazan Süleyman GÖKTÜRK’e (Akdeniz Ün., Biyoloji Bölümü), araştırma alanının seçiminde ve önerileriyle beni yönlendiren Sayın Yard. Doç. Dr. İsmail Gökhan DENİZ’e (Akdeniz Ün., Eğitim Fakültesi), tez süresince desteklerini esirgemeyen Sayın Yard. Doç. Dr. Candan AYKURT’a (Akdeniz Ün., Biyoloji Bölümü), literatür ve tez yazımı konusunda desteklerinden dolayı Sayın Yard. Doç. Dr. İlker ÇİNBİLGEL’e (Akdeniz Ün., Akseki MYO), Sayın Yard. Doç. Dr. Özge TUFAN ÇETİN’e (Akdeniz Ün., Mesleki ve Teknik Bilimler MYO), Uzman Biyolog Sayın Belkıs AKÇA’ya ve Uzman Biyolog Sayın Abdullah ÇETİN’e ayrı ayrı teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın yapılması sırasında her an yanımda olan, maddi ve manevi desteklerini esirgemeyen ailemin tüm bireylerine içten teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. Bu araştırmaya maddi destek sağlayan Akdeniz Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine (Proje no: 2012.02.0121.021) ve burada isimlerini sayamadığım diğer kişilere ve kuruluşlara desteklerinden dolayı teşekkürlerimi sunarım. iii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET……………………………………………………………………………………..i ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………...……………...ii ÖNSÖZ………………………………………………………………………………….iii İÇİNDEKİLER………………………………………………………………………….iv SİMGELER ve KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ……………………………………………..vi ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ…………………………………………………………………….vii ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ………………………………………………………………….ix FAMİLYA LİSTESİ…………………………………………………………………….x 1. GİRİŞ…………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1. Araştırma Alanı İle İlgili Çalışmalar……………………………………………..6 1.2. Araştırma Alanının Coğrafik Konumu……………………………………...........7 1.3. Araştırma Alanının İklimi……………………………………………………....11 1.3.1. Sıcaklık…………………………………………………………………...15 1.3.2. Yağış……………………………………………………………………...17 1.4. Araştırma Alanının Jeomorfolojik Yapısı……………………………………....20 1.4.1. Beydağları otoktonu……………………………………………………...21 1.4.2. Antalya napları…………………………………………………………...21 1.5. Araştırma Alanının Toprak Yapısı……………………………………………...23 1.5.1. Kırmızı akdeniz toprakları……………………………………………….23 1.5.2. Kahverengi orman toprakları…………………………………………….23 1.5.3. Kestane
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