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Istanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ İSTANBULDAKİ BOTANİK BAHÇELERİNDE YETİŞEN TÜRKİYE GEOFİTLERİNİN ENVANTERİ H. Başak GÜNER Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Botanik Programı Danışman Prof.Dr. Tuna EKİM Ekim, 2006 İSTANBUL İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ İSTANBULDAKİ BOTANİK BAHÇELERİNDE YETİŞEN TÜRKİYE GEOFİTLERİNİN ENVANTERİ H. Başak GÜNER Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Botanik Programı Danışman Prof.Dr. Tuna EKİM Ekim, 2006 İSTANBUL Bu çalışma 15/12/2006 tarihinde aşağıdaki jüri tarafından Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Botanik programında Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Tez Jürisi Prof. Dr. Tuna EKİM Prof. Dr. Semahat YENTÜR İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Fakültesi Prof. Dr. Orhan KÜÇÜKER Prof. Dr. Neriman ÖZHATAY İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erdal ÜZEN İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi i ÖNSÖZ Yüksek lisans öğrenimim ve tez çalışmalarım boyunca gösterdiği destek ve yardımlarından dolayı çok değerli hocam PROF. DR. TUNA EKİM'e en içten dileklerimle teşekkür ederim. Öğrenim hayatım boyunca ve tez çalışmamda benden destek ve ilgisini esirgemeyen çok sevgili babam ve değerli hocam PROF. DR. ADİL GÜNER’e en derin dileklerimle teşekkür ederim. İstanbul Üniversitesi Alfred Heilbronn Botanik Bahçesi’nde çalışmalarıma izin verdiği için Botanik Anabilim Dalı’na, Çalışmalarım sırasında imkanlarını esirgemeyen Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi kurucusu sayın ALİ NİHAT GÖKYİĞİT’e, Atatürk Arboretumu şefi sayın SELMA ŞENGÖNÜL’e, İstanbul Üniversitesi Botanik Bahçesi’ndeki araştırmalarım esnasında gerekli kaynakları sağlayan PROF. DR. ORHAN KÜÇÜKER’e, Yüksek lisans öğrenimim boyunca desteğini gördüğüm değerli hocalarıma ve arkadaşlarıma , Araştırmalarım sırasında pek çok yardımda bulunan iş arkadaşlarım BANU ALTINAY’a, BELGİN KUŞOĞLU’na, DİLAN BAYINDIR’a, MAHİR AKBALIK’a ve SEVİN GÜL’e, Tezimi hazırlama aşamasında ve tüm hayatım boyunca maddi, manevi desteklerini, içten sevgilerini eksik etmeyen ANNEME, AĞABEYİME ve KIZKARDEŞİME, En içten dileklerimle teşekkür ederim. Ekim, 2006 H. Başak GÜNER ii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ .................................................................................................... i İÇİNDEKİLER ...................................................................................... ii ŞEKİL LİSTESİ.................................................................................... iii TABLO LİSTESİ .................................................................................. iv SEMBOL LİSTESİ .................................................................................v ÖZET ..................................................................................................... vi SUMMARY .......................................................................................... vii 1. GİRİŞ ...................................................................................................1 2. GENEL KISIMLAR ............................................................................3 2.1. DÜNYADA VE TÜRKİYE’DE BOTANİK BAHÇELERİNİN KISA TARİHÇESİ.. ..................................................................................................................................................5 2.2. TEZ KAPSAMINDAKİ BOTANİK BAHÇELERİNİN KISA TARİHÇESİ............6 2.2.1. Atatürk Arboretumu ....................................................................................6 2.2.2. İstanbul Üniversitesi Alfred Heilbronn Botanik Bahçesi ..............................7 2.2.3. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ..............................................................7 2.3. BAHÇELERDE BULUNAN GEOFİTLER HAKKINDA GENEL BİLGİLER.......8 2.3.1. Önemli Geofit Cinsleri ................................................................................9 3. MALZEME VE YÖNTEM ...............................................................21 4. BULGULAR ......................................................................................23 4.1. AMARYLLIDACEAE ..................................................................................................23 4.2. ARACEAE .....................................................................................................................29 4.3. IRIDACEAE ..................................................................................................................32 4.4. LILIACEAE...................................................................................................................52 4.5. PAPAVERACEAE ........................................................................................................83 4.6. PRIMULACEAE ...........................................................................................................84 4.7. RANUNCULACEAE ....................................................................................................87 5. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ ..................................................................88 iii KAYNAKLAR .....................................................................................105 EKLER ................................................................................................109 EK-A ŞEKİLLER...............................................................................................................109 Ek- A1: Crocus chrysanthus Herb.....................................................................109 Ek- A2: Crocus chrysanthus Herb.....................................................................109 Ek- A3: Crocus biflorus Mill. isauricus (Siehe ex Bowles) B. Mathew. ............110 Ek- A4: Crocus biflorus Mill. isauricus (Siehe ex Bowles) B. Mathew. ............110 Ek- A5: Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton ..............................................................111 Ek- A6: Colchicum baytopiorum C.D.Brickell ..................................................111 Ek- A7: Narcissus serotinus L...........................................................................111 Ek- A8: Iris stenophylla Hausskn......................................................................112 Ek- A9: Iris stenophylla Hausskn. subsp. stenophylla........................................112 Ek- A10: Iris histrio Rchb.................................................................................112 Ek- A11: Crocus abantensis Baytop & B. Mathew............................................113 Ek- A12: Crocus baytopiorum B. Mathew........................................................113 Ek- A13: Iris stenophylla Hausskn. subsp. stenophylla......................................114 Ek- A14: Crocus spp.........................................................................................115 Ek- A15: Crocus olivieri J.Gay .........................................................................115 Ek- A16: Hyacinthella siirtensis B. Mathew .....................................................116 Ek- A17: Crocus danfordiae Maw ....................................................................116 Ek- A18: Crocus danfordiae Maw ....................................................................116 Ek- A19: Sternbergia candida B.Mathew & T.Baytop ......................................117 Ek- A20: Crocus ancyrensis Maw.....................................................................117 Ek- A21: Iris persica L. ....................................................................................117 ÖZGEÇMİŞ............................................................................................................118 iv ŞEKİL LİSTESİ Şekil 5.1 : Koleksiyonlardaki takson sayısına göre familya yüzdesi ....................95 Şekil 5.2 : Koleksiyonlarda bulunan cinslerin oranları.........................................98 Şekil 5.3 : Koleksiyonlardaki takson sayılarının Türkiye geofitlerine oranı..........99 Şekil 5.4 : Koleksiyonlardaki takson sayılarının bahçelere dağılımı ....................99 Şekil 5.5 : Koleksiyonlardaki taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı….......103 v TABLO LİSTESİ Tablo 5.1 : Koleksiyonlarda bulunan takson sayıları ............................................95 Tablo 5.2 : Koleksiyonlardaki en zengin 10 cinsin karşılaştırılması .....................96 Tablo 5.3 : Koleksiyonlardaki endemizm durumlarının karşılaştırılması ..............98 Tablo 5.4 : Koleksiyonlardaki cinslerin endemik takson sayıları .......................100 Tablo 5.5 : Koleksiyonlardaki familyaların endemik olan ve olmayan takson sayılarının Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabı (TBKK) ile karşılaştırılması ..........................................................................................................101 Tablo 5.6 :.Koleksiyonlardaki endemik olan ve olmayan taksonların tehlike kategorilerine göre sınıflandırılması ve dağılımı ................................101 Tablo 5.7 : Koleksiyonlardaki taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı..........102 vi SEMBOL LİSTESİ AARB : Atatürk Arboretumu AG : Adil Güner ANG : Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı B. : Batı BGCI : Botanic Gardens Conservation International CBD : Convantion on Biological Diversity D. : Doğu E : Endemik EO : Endemik olmayan f. : forma F.T : Fatma Tezcan G. : Güney GSPC : Global strategy for Plant conservation İSTBB : İstanbul Üniversitesi Alfred Heilbronn Botanik Bahçesi İSTF : İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Herbaryumu K. : Kuzey M.Ö. : Milattan önce M.ÖZ : Mehtap Öztekin NGBB : Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi sf. : sahife sin. : sinonim subsp. : alt tür S.Y : Sırrı Yüzbaşıoğlu TEMA : Türkiye Erozyonla
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