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Çelikhan/Adiyaman) Florasi

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Çelikhan/Adiyaman) Florasi T.C. İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ AKDAĞ (ÇELİKHAN/ADIYAMAN) FLORASI HAYDAR AVCI BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI OCAK 2019 Tezin Başlığı: Akdağ (Çelikhan/ ADIYAMAN) Florası Tezi Hazırlayan: Haydar AVCI Sınav Tarihi: Ocak 2019 Yukarıda adı geçen tez jürimizce değerlendirilerek Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı’nda Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sınav Jüri Üyeleri: Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU ……………... İnönü Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Turan ARABACI ……………… İnönü Üniversitesi Doç. Dr. Şanlı KABAKTEPE ……………... Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Halil İbrahim ADIGÜZEL Enstitü Müdürü ONUR SÖZÜ Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunduğum ‘‘Akdağ (ÇELİKHAN/ ADIYAMAN) Florası’’ başlıklı bu çalışmanın bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düşecek bir yardıma başvurmaksızın tarafımdan yazıldğını ve yararlandığım bütün kaynakların, hem metin içinde hem de kaynakçada yöntemine uygun biçimde gösterilenlerden oluştuğunu belirtir, bunu onurumla doğrularım. Haydar AVCI ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi AKDAĞ (Çelikhan/ADIYAMAN) FLORASI Haydar AVCI İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı 170+VII 2019 Danışman: Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU Bu çalışma Akdağ (Adıyaman/ Çelikhan) ve çevresinin florasını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Enlem ve boylam dereceleri göz önüne alınarak yapılmış olan Davis’in Grid kareleme sistemine göre, araştırma alanı C7 karesindedir. Yüksekliği yaklaşık 1360-2550 m arasında olan Akdağ, Adıyaman’ın Çelikhan ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmamda 2016-2018 yılları arasında 1.535 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesin de 73 familya, 297 cins ve 677 takson (655 tür) tespit edilmiştir. Toplam taksonlardan 2 tanesi Pteridophyta bölümüne aitken, geriye kalan 675 takson ise Spermatophyta bölümüne aittir. Gymnospermeae alt bölümü 12, Angiospermeae alt bölümü ise 663 taksona sahiptir. Sırasıyla Angiospermae alt bölümüne ait olan taksonların 589’si Dicotyledonea, 74’i Monocotyledonea sınıfında yer almaktadır. Endemik takson sayısı ise 97 (% 14,32)’ dir. Fitocoğrafik bölgeler içindeki taksonların dağılımı şu şekildedir: İran–Turan elementi 220 takson (% 33,58), Avrupa-Sibirya elementi 29 takson (% 4,42) ve Akdeniz elementi 64 takson (% 9,76)’dur. Takson sayısı bakımından en büyük familyalar sırasıyla; Asteraceae (75), Fabaceae (66), Brassicaceae (45), Caryophyllaceae (43), Lamiaceae (42), Boraginaceae(32), Poaceae (29), Rosaceae (28), Apiaceae (22) ve Rubiaceae (20)’dir. Takson sayısı bakımından en büyük 11 cins ise sırasıyla; Astragalus (21), Silene(13), Veronica(10), Allium/Galium(9), Ranunculus/Asperula/Trifolium/ Minuartia/ Geranium/ Erysimum (8)’dur. Bu çalışma ile ayrıca 520 bitki taksonu Adıyaman Florası’na eklenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Adıyaman, Akdağ, Çelikhan, Endemik, Flora, Sistematik, Taksonomi. i ABSTRACT Master Thesis FLORA OF AKDAĞ (ÇELİKHAN/ ADIYAMAN) Haydar AVCI İnönü University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology 170+VII 2019 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU This study was carried out to determine the Flora of Akdağ (Adıyaman / Çelikhan) and its enviroment. According to Davis's Grid system, which is based on latitude and longitude ratings, the research area is in C7 square. Akdağ, has approximately between 1360 and 2550 altitude, is located within the border of the Çelikhan district in Adıyaman. In this study, 1535 plant samples were collected between the years 2016 and 2018. Seventy three families, 297 genera and 677 taxa (655 species) were identified in the research area. In total, two taxa belong to Pteridophyta, while the remaining 675 taxa belong to Spermatophyta. Gymnospermeae subdivision has 12, Angiospermeae subdivision has 663 taxa. Among Angiospermae subdivision, 589 taxa belonging to Dicotyledonea, 74 taxa belonging to Monocotyledone classis. The number of endemic taxa is 97 (14,32%). The distribution of taxa according to the phytogeographic regions are follows: Iran-Turan element 220 (33.58%), European- Siberian element 29 (4.42%) and Mediterranean element 64 (9.76%). The largest families in terms of the number of taxa: Asteraceae (75), Fabaceae (66), Brassicaceae (45), Caryophyllaceae (43), Lamiaceae (42), Boraginaceae (32), Poaceae (29), Rosaceae (28), Apiaceae (22 and Rubiaceae (20) respectively. In terms of number of taxa, the 11 largest are Astragalus (21), Silene (13), Veronica (10), Allium/Galium (9), Ranunculus/Asperula/Trifolium/ Minuartia/Geranium/Erysimum (8) respectively. Also, with this study, 520 plant taxa were added to the Flora of Adıyaman. KEYWORDS: Adıyaman, Akdağ, Çelikhan, Endemic, Flora, Systematic, Taxonomy. ii TEŞEKKÜR Tez konusunun seçimi ve yaptığım çalışmalar sırasında bilgi ve birikiminden yararlandığım, arazi çalışmalarım sırasında bazen bana eşlik eden, tez danışmanım ve hocam Sayın Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU’ya ve Arş. Grv. Dr. Şükrü KARAKUŞ’a saygılarımı ve sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Arazide yaptığım çalışmalarım esnasında bana yardımcı olan aileme, öğrencilerime, arkadaşlarıma, şükranlarımı sunarım. Araştırma alanının iklim verilerini temin ettiğim Elazığ 13. Bölge Meteoroloji Müdürlüğü çalışanlarına teşekkürü borç bilirim. Yüksek lisansım boyunca benden desteğini esirgemeyen, tüm çalışmalarımda motivasyonumu arttıran, her zaman yanımda olan eşime ve aileme sonsuz teşekkür ederim. iii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET .............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... ii TEŞEKKÜR .................................................................................................. iii İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................. iv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ....................................................................................... v ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ ................................................................................. vi SİMGELER ve KISALTMALAR ............................................................... vii 1 GİRİŞ ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Türkiye Florası ve çalışmamız hakkında bilgiler ........................... 1 1.2 Araştırma alanın konumu hakkında bilgiler ................................... 4 1.3 Jeomorfolojik Özellikler ................................................................. 5 1.4 Çalışma Alanının İklimsel Özellikleri ............................................ 7 2 KAYNAK ÖZETLERİ ........................................................................ 14 3 MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ............................................................... 16 4 BULGULAR ........................................................................................ 22 4.1 Çalışma Alanının Floristik Özellikleri .......................................... 22 4.2 Çalışma Alanının Vejetasyon Özellikleri ..................................... 30 5 TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ .................................................................... 33 6 KAYNAKLAR .................................................................................... 46 7 EK 1 Çalışma sonucunda bulunan taksonların listesi. ......................... 51 iv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ Şekil 1.1. Türkiye'nin fitocoğrafik bölgeleri . ........................................................... 1 Şekil 1.2. Çalışma alanın coğrafik konumu............................................................... 4 Şekil 1.3. Çalışma alanı içerisinde yer alan Akdağ’ın uydu görüntüsü..................... 6 Şekil 1.4. Çelikhan ve Sincik istasyonlarına ait iklim diyagramları ....................... 11 Şekil 3.1. Arazide toplanan örneklerin kayıt edildiği defterler [Foto: H.AVCI, 08/11/2018] ............................................................................................. 17 Şekil 3.2. Çalışma alanının güney yamaçları, Aksu köyü yaylasından bir görüntü (1450 m) [Foto: H. AVCI, 27/05/2017] .................................................. 18 Şekil 3.3. Çalışma alanın kuzeybatı yamaçları (1800 m), Çelikhan merkez karşısı, [Foto: H.AVCI, 12/06/2017] ...................................................... 18 Şekil 3.4. Çalışma alanının en yüksek yerlerinden (2.450 m), kuzeydoğu yamaçlar [Foto: H.AVCI 04/07/2017] .................................................... 19 Şekil 3.5. Çalışma alanında bitki toplarken (A), Çalışma alanında çalışırken verilen mola (B), [Foto: H. AVCI, 30/04/2017 (A), M.AVCI, 22/04/2017 (B)] ....................................................................................... 19 Şekil 4.1. Tür sayısı bakımından en büyük familyaların oransal dağılımı. ............. 23 Şekil 4.2. Araştırma alanındaki ilk 10 cinsin oransal karşılaştırılması. .................. 25 Şekil 4.3. Çalışma alanındaki türlerin fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı. .................. 26 Şekil 5.1. Çalışma alanı ve karşılaştırılan alanların coğrafik durumu. .................... 34 Şekil 5.2. Karşılaştırma yapılan alanlardaki benzerlik grafiği. ............................... 43 v ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ Çizelge 1.1. Çelikhan istasyonuna ait meteorolojik veriler. ....................................... 9 Çizelge 1.2. Sincik istasyonuna ait meteorolojik veriler. ........................................... 9 Çizelge 1.3. Çelikhan ve Sincik ilçelerinin mevsimsel yağış değerleri .................... 10 Çizelge 3.1. Arazi çalışmaları sonucu toplanan bitki örneği sayısı. ......................... 16 Çizelge 4.1. Araştırma alanında en zengin 10 familya. ...........................................
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