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Çelikhan/Adiyaman) Florasi

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T.C. İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ AKDAĞ (ÇELİKHAN/ADIYAMAN) FLORASI HAYDAR AVCI BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI OCAK 2019 Tezin Başlığı: Akdağ (Çelikhan/ ADIYAMAN) Florası Tezi Hazırlayan: Haydar AVCI Sınav Tarihi: Ocak 2019 Yukarıda adı geçen tez jürimizce değerlendirilerek Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı’nda Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sınav Jüri Üyeleri: Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU ……………... İnönü Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Turan ARABACI ……………… İnönü Üniversitesi Doç. Dr. Şanlı KABAKTEPE ……………... Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Halil İbrahim ADIGÜZEL Enstitü Müdürü ONUR SÖZÜ Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunduğum ‘‘Akdağ (ÇELİKHAN/ ADIYAMAN) Florası’’ başlıklı bu çalışmanın bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düşecek bir yardıma başvurmaksızın tarafımdan yazıldğını ve yararlandığım bütün kaynakların, hem metin içinde hem de kaynakçada yöntemine uygun biçimde gösterilenlerden oluştuğunu belirtir, bunu onurumla doğrularım. Haydar AVCI ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi AKDAĞ (Çelikhan/ADIYAMAN) FLORASI Haydar AVCI İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı 170+VII 2019 Danışman: Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU Bu çalışma Akdağ (Adıyaman/ Çelikhan) ve çevresinin florasını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Enlem ve boylam dereceleri göz önüne alınarak yapılmış olan Davis’in Grid kareleme sistemine göre, araştırma alanı C7 karesindedir. Yüksekliği yaklaşık 1360-2550 m arasında olan Akdağ, Adıyaman’ın Çelikhan ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmamda 2016-2018 yılları arasında 1.535 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesin de 73 familya, 297 cins ve 677 takson (655 tür) tespit edilmiştir. Toplam taksonlardan 2 tanesi Pteridophyta bölümüne aitken, geriye kalan 675 takson ise Spermatophyta bölümüne aittir. Gymnospermeae alt bölümü 12, Angiospermeae alt bölümü ise 663 taksona sahiptir. Sırasıyla Angiospermae alt bölümüne ait olan taksonların 589’si Dicotyledonea, 74’i Monocotyledonea sınıfında yer almaktadır. Endemik takson sayısı ise 97 (% 14,32)’ dir. Fitocoğrafik bölgeler içindeki taksonların dağılımı şu şekildedir: İran–Turan elementi 220 takson (% 33,58), Avrupa-Sibirya elementi 29 takson (% 4,42) ve Akdeniz elementi 64 takson (% 9,76)’dur. Takson sayısı bakımından en büyük familyalar sırasıyla; Asteraceae (75), Fabaceae (66), Brassicaceae (45), Caryophyllaceae (43), Lamiaceae (42), Boraginaceae(32), Poaceae (29), Rosaceae (28), Apiaceae (22) ve Rubiaceae (20)’dir. Takson sayısı bakımından en büyük 11 cins ise sırasıyla; Astragalus (21), Silene(13), Veronica(10), Allium/Galium(9), Ranunculus/Asperula/Trifolium/ Minuartia/ Geranium/ Erysimum (8)’dur. Bu çalışma ile ayrıca 520 bitki taksonu Adıyaman Florası’na eklenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Adıyaman, Akdağ, Çelikhan, Endemik, Flora, Sistematik, Taksonomi. i ABSTRACT Master Thesis FLORA OF AKDAĞ (ÇELİKHAN/ ADIYAMAN) Haydar AVCI İnönü University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology 170+VII 2019 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU This study was carried out to determine the Flora of Akdağ (Adıyaman / Çelikhan) and its enviroment. According to Davis's Grid system, which is based on latitude and longitude ratings, the research area is in C7 square. Akdağ, has approximately between 1360 and 2550 altitude, is located within the border of the Çelikhan district in Adıyaman. In this study, 1535 plant samples were collected between the years 2016 and 2018. Seventy three families, 297 genera and 677 taxa (655 species) were identified in the research area. In total, two taxa belong to Pteridophyta, while the remaining 675 taxa belong to Spermatophyta. Gymnospermeae subdivision has 12, Angiospermeae subdivision has 663 taxa. Among Angiospermae subdivision, 589 taxa belonging to Dicotyledonea, 74 taxa belonging to Monocotyledone classis. The number of endemic taxa is 97 (14,32%). The distribution of taxa according to the phytogeographic regions are follows: Iran-Turan element 220 (33.58%), European- Siberian element 29 (4.42%) and Mediterranean element 64 (9.76%). The largest families in terms of the number of taxa: Asteraceae (75), Fabaceae (66), Brassicaceae (45), Caryophyllaceae (43), Lamiaceae (42), Boraginaceae (32), Poaceae (29), Rosaceae (28), Apiaceae (22 and Rubiaceae (20) respectively. In terms of number of taxa, the 11 largest are Astragalus (21), Silene (13), Veronica (10), Allium/Galium (9), Ranunculus/Asperula/Trifolium/ Minuartia/Geranium/Erysimum (8) respectively. Also, with this study, 520 plant taxa were added to the Flora of Adıyaman. KEYWORDS: Adıyaman, Akdağ, Çelikhan, Endemic, Flora, Systematic, Taxonomy. ii TEŞEKKÜR Tez konusunun seçimi ve yaptığım çalışmalar sırasında bilgi ve birikiminden yararlandığım, arazi çalışmalarım sırasında bazen bana eşlik eden, tez danışmanım ve hocam Sayın Prof. Dr. Birol MUTLU’ya ve Arş. Grv. Dr. Şükrü KARAKUŞ’a saygılarımı ve sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Arazide yaptığım çalışmalarım esnasında bana yardımcı olan aileme, öğrencilerime, arkadaşlarıma, şükranlarımı sunarım. Araştırma alanının iklim verilerini temin ettiğim Elazığ 13. Bölge Meteoroloji Müdürlüğü çalışanlarına teşekkürü borç bilirim. Yüksek lisansım boyunca benden desteğini esirgemeyen, tüm çalışmalarımda motivasyonumu arttıran, her zaman yanımda olan eşime ve aileme sonsuz teşekkür ederim. iii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET .............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... ii TEŞEKKÜR .................................................................................................. iii İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................. iv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ....................................................................................... v ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ ................................................................................. vi SİMGELER ve KISALTMALAR ............................................................... vii 1 GİRİŞ ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Türkiye Florası ve çalışmamız hakkında bilgiler ........................... 1 1.2 Araştırma alanın konumu hakkında bilgiler ................................... 4 1.3 Jeomorfolojik Özellikler ................................................................. 5 1.4 Çalışma Alanının İklimsel Özellikleri ............................................ 7 2 KAYNAK ÖZETLERİ ........................................................................ 14 3 MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ............................................................... 16 4 BULGULAR ........................................................................................ 22 4.1 Çalışma Alanının Floristik Özellikleri .......................................... 22 4.2 Çalışma Alanının Vejetasyon Özellikleri ..................................... 30 5 TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ .................................................................... 33 6 KAYNAKLAR .................................................................................... 46 7 EK 1 Çalışma sonucunda bulunan taksonların listesi. ......................... 51 iv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ Şekil 1.1. Türkiye'nin fitocoğrafik bölgeleri . ........................................................... 1 Şekil 1.2. Çalışma alanın coğrafik konumu............................................................... 4 Şekil 1.3. Çalışma alanı içerisinde yer alan Akdağ’ın uydu görüntüsü..................... 6 Şekil 1.4. Çelikhan ve Sincik istasyonlarına ait iklim diyagramları ....................... 11 Şekil 3.1. Arazide toplanan örneklerin kayıt edildiği defterler [Foto: H.AVCI, 08/11/2018] ............................................................................................. 17 Şekil 3.2. Çalışma alanının güney yamaçları, Aksu köyü yaylasından bir görüntü (1450 m) [Foto: H. AVCI, 27/05/2017] .................................................. 18 Şekil 3.3. Çalışma alanın kuzeybatı yamaçları (1800 m), Çelikhan merkez karşısı, [Foto: H.AVCI, 12/06/2017] ...................................................... 18 Şekil 3.4. Çalışma alanının en yüksek yerlerinden (2.450 m), kuzeydoğu yamaçlar [Foto: H.AVCI 04/07/2017] .................................................... 19 Şekil 3.5. Çalışma alanında bitki toplarken (A), Çalışma alanında çalışırken verilen mola (B), [Foto: H. AVCI, 30/04/2017 (A), M.AVCI, 22/04/2017 (B)] ....................................................................................... 19 Şekil 4.1. Tür sayısı bakımından en büyük familyaların oransal dağılımı. ............. 23 Şekil 4.2. Araştırma alanındaki ilk 10 cinsin oransal karşılaştırılması. .................. 25 Şekil 4.3. Çalışma alanındaki türlerin fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı. .................. 26 Şekil 5.1. Çalışma alanı ve karşılaştırılan alanların coğrafik durumu. .................... 34 Şekil 5.2. Karşılaştırma yapılan alanlardaki benzerlik grafiği. ............................... 43 v ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ Çizelge 1.1. Çelikhan istasyonuna ait meteorolojik veriler. ....................................... 9 Çizelge 1.2. Sincik istasyonuna ait meteorolojik veriler. ........................................... 9 Çizelge 1.3. Çelikhan ve Sincik ilçelerinin mevsimsel yağış değerleri .................... 10 Çizelge 3.1. Arazi çalışmaları sonucu toplanan bitki örneği sayısı. ......................... 16 Çizelge 4.1. Araştırma alanında en zengin 10 familya. ...........................................
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    International Rock Gardener ISSN 2053-7557 Number 60 The Scottish Rock Garden Club December 2014 ---International Rock Gardener--- December 2014 The IRG Team sends our very best wishes and thanks to all readers and contributors around the world as we come to the close of 2014. This issue of IRG is our 60th – quite a milestone for what was begun as a one year experimental project. Production of the magazine does keep the IRG Team busy but of course, none of this would be possible without the generous input of our authors and photographers: To all of you - a special greeting of warm appreciation from Margaret, ZZ, Ian, Glassford and Richard. “Don’t tell me - more last minute editorial changes” from Theresa McCracken in Oregon So far, winter in the Northern Hemisphere has been veering between cold and mild to a degree that will confuse most of our plants, while in the South a drought is expected which will lead to problems for growers there. These are, I suppose, problems which are visited upon us most years, in some way or another. Perhaps this struggle against nature’s vagaries is part of what drives us in our challenge to “conquer” the difficulties and the puzzles our gardens present to us? Or perhaps we are just all happily obsessed? Cover picture: Dryas octopetala, the plant which is the SRGC’s emblem, from a painting by Anne Chambers www.srgc.net ISSN 2053-7557 ---International Rock Gardener--- ---Plant Portrait--- A Story of Saxifraga dinnikii forma alba by Frank Schmidt, photos the author, Adrian Young and Franto Paznocht Last autumn I was asked, at the Czech-German Meeting in Feuchtwangen, to write for the IRG about the history of Saxifraga dinnikii forma alba.
  • Tulipa Gumusanica (Liliaceae), a New Species from Turkey

    Tulipa Gumusanica (Liliaceae), a New Species from Turkey

    Ann. Bot. Fennici 39: 149–151 ISSN 0003-3847 Helsinki 24 June 2002 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2002 Tulipa gumusanica (Liliaceae), a new species from Turkey Salih Terzioâlu1 & Kâmil Coñkunçelebi2 1) Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey (e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Karadeniz Technical University, Sciences and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 8 August 2001, accepted 29 November 2001 Terzioâlu, S. & Coñkunçelebi, K. 2002: Tulipa gumusanica (Liliaceae), a new species from Turkey. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 38: 149–151. Tulipa gumusanica Terzioâlu (Liliaceae) is described as a species new to science and illustrated in line drawings. It occurs in the Vilayet Gümüñhane region of Turkey. The chief characters of T. gumusanica are pure yellow stamens and anthers and distinctly undulate leaves. Key words: Liliaceae, new species, taxonomy, Tulipa Introduction de Vries 1992). Section Tulipa (Leiostemones Boiss.) is mainly found in the primary gene centre The genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) contains 40 in central Asia and section Eriostemones migrat- (Stork 1984) or more than 100 (Hall 1940) spe- ed from the primary as well as from the second- cies depending on which species concept is ap- ary gene centre (Caucasus) westwards into west- plied. It is distributed in the temperate regions of ern Europe (Raamsdonk & de Vries 1995). N Africa, Asia and Europe, with the majority of Fifteen species of Tulipa have so far been species occurring in Central Asia (Xingi & Mor- recorded from Turkey, of which six belong to dak 2000), where the centre of diversity is in the section Eriostemones and nine to section Tulipa Pamir Alai and Tien Shan mountain ranges (Marais 1984, Persson 2000).
  • Photographs Covering Western Desert, Eastern Desert, Sinai Peninsula, Nile Region

    Photographs Covering Western Desert, Eastern Desert, Sinai Peninsula, Nile Region

    Appendix: Photographs Covering Western Desert, Eastern Desert, Sinai Peninsula, Nile Region A. Western Desert Photo A.1 A community dominated by the psammophyte Ammophila arenaria inhabiting the coastal sand dunes of the Western Mediterranean Coast, Egypt 375 376 Appendix Photo A.2 Salt marsh vegetation with abundant growth of Kochia indica (Bassia indica) in the foreground. Mixed halophytes of Juncus rigidus and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum in the background, Western Mediterranean Coast, Egypt Photo A.3 Dense growth of Juncus rigidus in the salt marshes of Siwa Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt Appendix 377 Photo A.4 Reed swamp vegetation dominated by Typha domingensis, Siwa Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt 378 Appendix Photo A.5 A Populus euphratica tree inhabiting a sand dune in Siwa Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. A clump of Stipagrostis scoparia is seen in the foreground Appendix 379 Photo A.6 Dense stand dominated by Typha elephantina, Um Rishe Lake, Wadi El-Natrun Depression, Western Desert, Egypt Photo A.7 A close up view of the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum coccineum, Cairo-Alexandria desert road, Western Desert, Egypt 380 Appendix Photo A.8 Pancratium sickenbergeri bulbous herb, Mariut Plateau, northern section of the Western Desert, Egypt Photo A.9 Close-up view of the annual herb Asphodelus tenuifolius growing in the Western Mediterranean Coast, northern section of the Western Desert, Egypt Appendix 381 B. Eastern Desert Photo A.10 Mangal vegetation dominated by Avicennia marina, Red Sea Coast, Egypt Photo A.11 Dense mangrove forest dominated by Rhizophora mucronata, Southern section of the Red Sea Coast, Egypt 382 Appendix Photo A.12 A close up view of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove tree, Shalateen swamps, southern section of the Red Sea Coast, Egypt Photo A.13 Mangrove swamp of Rhizophora mucronata with a seedling in the forgroung, Mersa Abu Fissi, Red Sea Coast, Egypt Appendix 383 Photo A.14 A general view of the mangrove forest lining the shore-line of Mersa Abu Fissi, Red Sea coast, Egypt.