DOCSLIB.ORG

After World War II: 1939 – C.1950

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
After World War II: 1939 – C.1950 South African Prisoner -of-War Experience during and after World War II: 1939 – c.1950 by Karen Horn Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Ste llenbosch University Supervisor: Professor W.R. Nasson December 2012 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that the reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe on any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2012 Copyright © 2012 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract This thesis narrates and analyses the experiences of a sample of South Africans who were captured during the Second World War. The research is based on oral testimony, memoirs, archival evidence and to a lesser degree on secondary sources. The former prisoners-of-war (POW) who participated in the research and those whose memoirs were studied were all captured at the Battle of Sidi Rezegh in November 1941 or during the fall of Tobruk in June 1942. The aim of the research is to present oral and written POW testimony in order to augment the dearth of knowledge regarding South African POW historical experience. The scope of the research includes the decision to volunteer for the Union Defence Force, the experiences in North Africa, capture and initial experiences in the so-called ‘hell camps of North Africa’, the transportation to Italy and life in the Italian prison camps, events surrounding the Italian Armistice and the consequent escape attempts thereafter. For those POWs who did not escape, the experience of captivity continued with transport to Germany, experiences in German camps, including working in labour camps and the Allied bombing campaign. Lastly, the end of the war and the experience of liberation, which in most cases included forced marches, are dealt with before the focus turns once again towards South Africa and the experience of homecoming and demobilisation. The affective and intellectual experiences of the POWs are also investigated as their personal experience and emotions are presented and examined. These include the experience of guilt and shame during capture, the acceptance or non-acceptance of captivity, blame, attitudes towards the enemy and towards each other, as well as the experience of fear and hope, which was especially relevant during the bombing campaign and during periods when they were being transported between countries and camps. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the POW experience which looks at aspects relating to identity among South African POWs. The final conclusion is drawn that the POW identity took precedence over national identity. As a result of the strong POW identity and their desire for complete freedom and desire to claim individuality, the POWs did not, on the whole, display great interest in becoming involved in South African politics after the war even though many of them strongly disagreed with the Nationalist segregationist ideologies that claimed increasing support between 1945 and 1948. iii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Opsomming Hierdie tesis beskryf en ontleed die ervarings van dié Suid-Afrikaners wat tydens die Tweede Wêreldoorlog gevange geneem is. Die navorsing is gebaseer op mondelinge getuienis, memoires, argivale bewysmateriaal en, in ’n mindere mate, op sekondêre bronne. Die voormalige krygsgevangenes wat aan die navorsing deelgeneem het en wie se memoires bestudeer is, is almal in November 1941 by die Geveg van Sidi Rezegh of in Junie 1942 met die val van Tobruk gevange geneem. Die doel van die navorsing is om mondelinge en skriftelike getuienisse van krygsgevangenes aan te bied ten einde die gebrekkige kennis ten opsigte van Suid-Afrikaanse krygsgevangenes se historiese ervaring uit te brei. Die omvang van die navorsing sluit die besluit in om vrywillig diens te doen vir die Unie-verdedigingsmag, die ervarings in Noord-Afrika, gevangeneming en eerste ervarings in die sogenaamde “helkampe van Noord-Afrika”, die vervoer na Italië en lewe in die Italiaanse gevangeniskampe, gebeure rondom die Italiaanse wapenstilstand en die daaropvolgende ontsnappingspogings. Vir die krygsgevangenes wat nie ontsnap het nie, het die ervaring van gevangenskap voortgeduur deur vervoer na Duitsland, ervarings in Duitse kampe, waaronder strafkampe, en die bombarderings deur die Geallieerdes. Ten slotte word aandag gegee aan die einde van die oorlog en die ervaring van vryheid, wat in die meeste gevalle gedwonge marse behels het, voordat die fokus terugkeer na Suid-Afrika en die ervaring van tuiskoms en demobilisasie. Die affektiewe en intellektuele ervarings van die krygsgevangenes word ook ontleed, aangesien hul persoonlike ervarings en emosies ondersoek en aangebied word. Dit sluit die ervaring van skuld en skaamte tydens die gevangeneming in, die aanvaarding of nie-aanvaarding van gevangeskap, blaam, houdings teenoor die vyand en mekaar, sowel as die ervaring van vrees en hoop, wat veral belangrik was gedurende die bombarderingsveldtog en vervoer tussen lande en kampe. Die tesis sluit af met ’n ontleding van aspekte wat verband hou met identiteit onder die Suid- Afrikaanse krygsgevangenes. Die bevinding is dat die krygsgevangene-identiteit voorrang geniet het bo die nasionale identiteit. Verder het die sterk drang na volkome vryheid en die begeerte om hul individualiteit terug te kry daartoe gelei dat die voormalige krygsgevangenes na die oorlog oor die algemeen ’n ambivalensie jeens Suid-Afrikaanse politiek openbaar. iv Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Estelle and Fred Horn, as without their support and encouragement this research would never have been done. My very good friend, Neil Cochrane, thank you for your motivation and inspiration. Thank you also to my supervisor, Prof Bill Nasson, for sharing his insights, knowledge and positive support, giving me confidence to freely give expression to the results of my research. Thank you to Prof Albert Grundlingh for suggesting the theme of the research as well as pointing me to readings and people who contributed to the study. Thanks also to Taffy and David Shearing in Mossel Bay for putting me in touch with former prisoners-of-war as well as family members of former prisoners-of-war who kindly shared the memoirs of those who have already passed on. Most importantly I would like to thank all the former prisoners-of-war who participated in the interviews and who patiently answered my questions. They are: Bernard Schwikkard, who passed away in October 2011, Bill Hindshaw, Clive Luyt, who passed away in September 2011, David Brokensha, Dick Dickinson, Fred Geldenhuis, who passed away in August 2011, Fred van Alphen Stahl, George Tewkesbury, Matthys Beukes, Michael de Lisle, Stanley Smollan, and Wessel Oosthuizen. v Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Contents Abbreviations vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Literature review 20 Chapter 3: Background 33 Chapter 4: Battle and capture in North Africa 43 Chapter 5: Daily life in Italy 80 Chapter 6: Confinement and lost liberty 115 Chapter 7: Confronting German discipline 143 Chapter 8: Conflict and compassion in Germany 164 Chapter 9: The home front and going home 1939 – c.1950 198 Chapter 10: Concluding perspectives 214 A Strange Afterword 242 Bibliography 244 Figure 1: The Prisoner-of-War Medal vi Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Abbreviations ACF: Active Citizen Force BFC: British Free Corps HQ: Headquarters CO: Commanding officer NCO: Non-commissioned officer AG: Adjutant-General BFC: British Free Corps CRU: Civil Resettlement Units DMR: Die Middelandse Regement DPW: Directorate of Prisoners of War ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross MI9: British Military Intelligence MOTHS: Memorable Order of the Tin Hats NEAS: Non-European Army Services OB: Ossewabrandwag (Ox-wagon sentinel) OKW: Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the German Armed Forces) POW: Prisoner-of-war POWRA: British Prisoner-of-War Relatives Association POWRFA: South African Prisoner-of-War Relatives and Friends Association RAF: Royal Air Force RPS: Regiment President Steyn vii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za RSM: Regimental Sergeant Major SDF: Seaward Defence Force Sgt: Sergeant UDF: Union Defence Force PWIB: Prisoner-of-war Information Bureaux viii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Chapter 1: Introduction Motivation and rationale It is indeed extremely hard to generalize about prison life and conditions. It is so much a matter of personal experience [...] the truth is that prison life was – like all life – good at times and bad at times, and this was conditioned both by outward circumstance and the mood state of the individual concerned.1 Reverend James Chutter was a senior chaplain with the 2nd South African Division who spent most of World War II in prisoner-of-war camps along with many other South Africans. In his memoirs he claimed that he was able to present an objective narrative of POW experience as he witnessed soldiers of most Allied countries struggle with the demands of captivity. In general, prisoner-of-war (POW) experience may be summed up by Chutter’s statement above, but this thesis aims to critically analyse POW experience, especially in terms of how the ‘outward circumstance and the mood state of the individual’ influenced the ‘good [and] bad’ experiences to determine the extent to which POW experience can in fact be compared to ‘all life’, as stated by Chutter. When one considers that each prisoner approached and experienced POW life differently as a result of their unique personalities and characteristics, the investigation attains a far more complex level, especially with regard to South African POWs and the unique context of their country at that time.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Beyond the Racial State
    Beyond the Racial State Rethinking Nazi Germany Edited by DEVIN 0. PENDAS Boston College MARK ROSEMAN Indiana University and · RICHARD F. WETZELL German Historical Institute Washington, D.C. GERMAN lflSTORICAL INSTITUTE Washington, D.C. and CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS I Racial Discourse, Nazi Violence, and the Limits of the Racial State Model Mark Roseman It seems obvious that the Nazi regime was a racial state. The Nazis spoke a great deal about racial purity and racial difference. They identified racial enemies and murdered them. They devoted considerable attention to the health of their own "race," offering significant incentives for marriage and reproduction of desirable Aryans, and eliminating undesirable groups. While some forms of population eugenics were common in the interwar period, the sheer range of Nazi initiatives, coupled with the Nazis' willing­ ness to kill citizens they deemed physically or mentally substandard, was unique. "Racial state" seems not only a powerful shorthand for a regime that prioritized racial-biological imperatives but also above all a pithy and plausible explanatory model, establishing a strong causal link between racial thinking, on the one hand, and murderous population policy and genocide, on the other. There is nothing wrong with attaching "racial. state" as a descriptive label tci the Nazi regime. It successfully connotes a regime that both spoke a great deal about race and acted in the name of race. It enables us to see the links between a broad set of different population measures, some positively discriminatory, some murderously eliminatory. It reminds us how sttongly the Nazis believed that maximizing national power depended on managing the health and quality of the population.
    [Show full text]
  • Volkswagen, Volksempfänger, Volksgemeinschaft: "Volksprodukte" Im Dritten Reich: Vom Scheitern Einer Nationalsozialistischen Konsumgesellschaft'
    H-German Fraunholz on König, 'Volkswagen, Volksempfänger, Volksgemeinschaft: "Volksprodukte" im Dritten Reich: Vom Scheitern einer nationalsozialistischen Konsumgesellschaft' Review published on Wednesday, June 1, 2005 Wolfgang König. Volkswagen, Volksempfänger, Volksgemeinschaft: "Volksprodukte" im Dritten Reich: Vom Scheitern einer nationalsozialistischen Konsumgesellschaft. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 2004. 310 S. + 21 Abb. EUR 36.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-3-506-71733-7. Reviewed by Uwe Fraunholz (Institute for the History of Technology and Engineering Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden) Published on H-German (June, 2005) Propaganda and Illusion In his study of so-called "people's products" in the Third Reich, historian of technology Wolfgang König impressively deconstructs die-hard myths concerning pretended mass consumption under Nazi rule. "People's products" were defined as inexpensive goods and services of high quality for the broad masses. Presenting, for the first time, a consistent history of these products, which were initiated by NS politics and jointly produced by industry or party- and state-owned companies, König does pioneering work. He not only covers technical consumer durables like radio receivers, television sets, refrigerators, and motorcars, but includes social housing construction and mass tourism as well. The stated purpose of the book is to evaluate the function of "people's products" in the context of national socialist policy. The author understands the promotion of these goods as an attempt to establish a particular Nazi version of consumer society. But the effort was complicated by conflicting goals: armament and an orientation towards autarchy actually limited the possibilities for consumption. Since it proved impossible to advance both massive armament and mass consumption, the vision of a consuming Volksgemeinschaft could not be realized.
    [Show full text]
  • Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe New Perspectives on Modern Jewish History
    Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe New Perspectives on Modern Jewish History Edited by Cornelia Wilhelm Volume 8 Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe Shared and Comparative Histories Edited by Tobias Grill An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-048937-8 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-049248-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-048977-4 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Grill, Tobias. Title: Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe : shared and comparative histories / edited by/herausgegeben von Tobias Grill. Description: [Berlin] : De Gruyter, [2018] | Series: New perspectives on modern Jewish history ; Band/Volume 8 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018019752 (print) | LCCN 2018019939 (ebook) | ISBN 9783110492484 (electronic Portable Document Format (pdf)) | ISBN 9783110489378 (hardback) | ISBN 9783110489774 (e-book epub) | ISBN 9783110492484 (e-book pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Jews--Europe, Eastern--History. | Germans--Europe, Eastern--History. | Yiddish language--Europe, Eastern--History. | Europe, Eastern--Ethnic relations. | BISAC: HISTORY / Jewish. | HISTORY / Europe / Eastern. Classification: LCC DS135.E82 (ebook) | LCC DS135.E82 J495 2018 (print) | DDC 947/.000431--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018019752 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
    [Show full text]
  • Hard Hearts; the Volksgemeinschaft As an Indicator of Identity Shift Kaitlin Hampshire James Madison University
    James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Summer 2017 Hard times; Hard duties; Hard hearts; The Volksgemeinschaft as an indicator of identity shift Kaitlin Hampshire James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the European History Commons, Military History Commons, and the Other German Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hampshire, Kaitlin, "Hard times; Hard duties; Hard hearts; The oV lksgemeinschaft as na indicator of identity shift" (2017). Masters Theses. 488. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/488 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hard Times; Hard Duties; Hard Hearts; The Volksgemeinschaft as an Indicator of Identity Shift Kaitlin Hampshire A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History August 2017 FACULTY COMMITTEE: Committee Chair: Dr. Christian Davis Committee Members/ Readers: Dr. Michael Gubser Dr. Gabrielle Lanier To Mom and Dad, I do not know how I could have done this without you! II Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my director Dr. Christian Davis for his support of my Master’s Thesis. Besides my director, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Dr. Michael Gubser and Dr. Gabrielle Lanier. My deepest thanks goes to my Graduate Director and Mentor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War
    EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION EUI Working Paper HEC No. 2004/1 The Expulsion of the ‘German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War Edited by STEFFEN PRAUSER and ARFON REES BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author(s). © 2004 Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees and individual authors Published in Italy December 2004 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50016 San Domenico (FI) Italy www.iue.it Contents Introduction: Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees 1 Chapter 1: Piotr Pykel: The Expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia 11 Chapter 2: Tomasz Kamusella: The Expulsion of the Population Categorized as ‘Germans' from the Post-1945 Poland 21 Chapter 3: Balázs Apor: The Expulsion of the German Speaking Population from Hungary 33 Chapter 4: Stanislav Sretenovic and Steffen Prauser: The “Expulsion” of the German Speaking Minority from Yugoslavia 47 Chapter 5: Markus Wien: The Germans in Romania – the Ambiguous Fate of a Minority 59 Chapter 6: Tillmann Tegeler: The Expulsion of the German Speakers from the Baltic Countries 71 Chapter 7: Luigi Cajani: School History Textbooks and Forced Population Displacements in Europe after the Second World War 81 Bibliography 91 EUI WP HEC 2004/1 Notes on the Contributors BALÁZS APOR, STEFFEN PRAUSER, PIOTR PYKEL, STANISLAV SRETENOVIC and MARKUS WIEN are researchers in the Department of History and Civilization, European University Institute, Florence. TILLMANN TEGELER is a postgraduate at Osteuropa-Institut Munich, Germany. Dr TOMASZ KAMUSELLA, is a lecturer in modern European history at Opole University, Opole, Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • Hotel Berlin
    HOTEL BERLIN: THE POLITICS OF COMMERCIAL HOSPITALITY IN THE GERMAN METROPOLIS, 1875–1945 by Adam Bisno A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland December, 2017 © 2017 Adam Bisno ii Dissertation Advisor: Peter Jelavich Adam Bisno Hotel Berlin: The Politics of Commercial Hospitality in the German Metropolis, 1875–1945 Abstract This dissertation examines the institution of the grand hotel in Imperial, Weimar, and Nazi Berlin. It is a German cultural and business history of the fate of classical liberalism, which in practice treated human beings as rational, self-regulating subjects. The major shareholders in the corporations that owned the grand hotels, hotel managers, and hotel experts, through their daily efforts to keep the industry afloat amid the vicissitudes of modern German history, provide a vantage point from which to see the pathways from quotidian difficulties to political decisions, shedding light on how and why a multi-generational group of German businessmen embraced and then rejected liberal politics and culture in Germany. Treating the grand hotel as an institution and a space for the cultivation of liberal practices, the dissertation contributes to the recent body of work on liberal governance in the modern city by seeing the grand hotel as a field in which a dynamic, socially and culturally heterogeneous population tried and ultimately failed to determine the powers and parameters of liberal subjectivity. In locating the points at which liberal policies became impracticable, this dissertation also enters a conversation about the timing and causes of the crisis of German democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Right Think Tanks and Policy Change in the Uk
    THE NEW RIGHT THINK TANKS AND POLICY CHANGE IN THE UK Andrew James Tesseyman DPhil Thesis University of York Politics Department Submitted, February 1999 Abstract It has often been claimed that, during the 1980s and early 1990s, the new right think tanks — namely the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), Centre for Policy Studies (CPS), and Adam Smith Institute (ASI) — had a major impact on policy-making and policy change. This thesis addresses such claims by examining three reforms in which the new right think tanks have been attributed an influence — bus deregulation, education reform, and prison privatisation. It seeks not only to empirically assess their impact, but also to relate these findings to the policy-making literature, in particular the Rhodes Model which emphasises policy continuity and the Advocacy Coalition Framework which seeks to explain policy change. It is argued that the new right think tanks had an impact on all three policy changes, as members of "advocacy coalitions", although the nature and extent of this impact varied. In some cases, the TEA, CPS, and ASI were able to have a direct impact on policy change, obtaining access to policy-makers through coalition allies. In other cases their impact was indirect, in shaping the broader "climate of ideas". The new right think tanks also contributed to new patterns of policy formulation, although there is limited evidence of any long-term structural impact on policy-making in these areas. It is also argued that the case studies raise a number of issues for the Rhodes Model and the Advocacy Coalition Framework, although these could be addressed by integrating the two to develop an approach to account for both policy continuity and policy change.
    [Show full text]
  • Worcester Historical
    Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies 11 Hawthorne Street Worcester, Massachusetts ARCHIVES 2019.01 Kline Collection Processd by Casey Bush January 2019 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Series Page Box Collection Information 3 Historical/Biographical Notes 4 Scope and Content 4 Series Description 5 1 Anti-Semitic material 7-15 1-2, 13 2 Holocaust material 16-22 2-3, 13 3 Book Jackets 23 4-9 4 Jewish History material 24-29 10-11, 13 5 Post-war Germany 30-32 12 6 The Second World War & Resistance 33-37 28 7 French Books 38-41 14 8 Miscellaneous-language materials 42-44 15 9 German language materials 45-71 16-27 10 Yiddish and Hebrew language materials 72-77 29-31 11 Immigration and Refugees 78-92 32-34 12 Oversized 93-98 35-47 13 Miscellaneous 99-103 48 14 Multi-media 104-107 49-50 Appendix 1 108 - 438 2 Collection Information Abstract : This collection contains books, pamphlets, magazines, guides, journals, newspapers, bulletins, memos, and screenplays related to anti-Semitism, German history, and the Holocaust. Items cover the years 1870-1990. Finding Aid : Finding Aid in print form is available in the Repository. Preferred Citation : Kline Collection – Courtesy of The Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts. Provenance : Purchased in 1997 from Eric Chaim Kline Bookseller (CA) through the generosity of the following donors: Michael J. Leffell ’81 and Lisa Klein Leffell ’82, the Sheftel Family in memory of Milton S. Sheftel ’31, ’32 and the proceeds of the Carole and Michael Friedman Book Fund in honor of Elisabeth “Lisa” Friedman of the Class of 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics
    Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics The Student Journal of The University of Manchester, School of Law VOLUME VI OCTOBER 2017 The Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics is an annual, student-led, peer-reviewed journal founded at The University of Manchester, School of Law. The journal exhibits the best academic work in law, criminology and ethics, at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. MANCHESTER REVIEW OF LAW, CRIME AND ETHICS VOLUME VI OCTOBER 2017 Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics © Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics, 2017 All rights reserved. The Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics, its editors, and The University of Manchester, School of Law are not responsible for the opinions expressed in this journal. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior express written consent of the Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics, The University of Manchester, School of Law or as expressly permitted by law. All enquiries should be addressed to: Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics The University of Manchester Williamson Building, School of Law Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom [email protected] Typeset in Times New Roman Printed in the United Kingdom ISSN 2399-4630 (Print) ISSN 2399-4649 (Online) 1 MANCHESTER REVIEW OF LAW, CRIME AND ETHICS This year’s volume was generously funded by The University of Manchester, School of Law. The Editorial Board is grateful for the School of Law’s continued support. 2 MANCHESTER REVIEW OF LAW, CRIME AND ETHICS Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Rohan Shah Deputy Editor-in-Chief Dhruv Bhatia Editors Işil Aral Tanjia Bashor Claire Ceney Gan Ming Hui Marina Iskander Isabella Kirwan Fiona Long Abisola Odusanya Kevin Patel Honorary Advisory Board Lesley Anderson QC HH Judge Nigel Bird Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • ABC of Travel 26
    Middle East 1 ABC of Travel 26 Henry Sotheran Ltd 2 Sackville Street Piccadilly London W1S 3DP tel: 020 7439 6151 email: [email protected] web: sotherans.co.uk MIDDLE EAST 3. AFLALO, Frederick G. An Idler in the Near East. London, John Milne, 1910. £198 8vo. Original red cloth, lettered in gilt; pp. xv, 279, 1. K. G. SERIES [publisher]. ABC of Travel. Printed in plates after photographs by Sebah and Joailler, England, c. 1945. £298 Bonfils of Beirut, Yermakoff of Tiblissi and the 4to, Illustrated self-wrappers and 12 pages, all printed Jerusalem photographer Reynolds, all with captioned in colour lithography on card stock; well preserved. tissue guards; wear to cloth, apart from light Extremely rare and beautiful alphabet book offsetting from endpapers, internally a very good illustrating means of transport, from aeroplane to copy. zebra cart. COPAC locates a single copy, at First edition of this delightful travel book by a Manchester University. - Not in the 2018 exhibition pioneer of sea angling, traveller and travel writer. with the title ABC of Travel at the Kunstbibliothek Aflalo travelled in the Ottoman Empire for one Berlin. The syle of the illustrations is reminiscent of summer season from the Caucasus to Egypt, keenly Tintin. observing country, society and natural history. In the Lebanon he took the train between Damascus and Beirut, with one wonderful photo of the mountain rail track. He continues to praise the city, after having complained about the disrepair of the streets, ‘yet, with the background of the Lebanon draped in snow, Beyrouth, seen from the grounds of the American College, makes a pleasing picture’ (pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Nazi Party from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Nazi Party From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the German Nazi Party that existed from 1920–1945. For the ideology, see Nazism. For other Nazi Parties, see Nazi Navigation Party (disambiguation). Main page The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Contents National Socialist German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (help·info), abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known Featured content Workers' Party in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. Its Current events Nationalsozialistische Deutsche predecessor, the German Workers' Party (DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The term Nazi is Random article Arbeiterpartei German and stems from Nationalsozialist,[6] due to the pronunciation of Latin -tion- as -tsion- in Donate to Wikipedia German (rather than -shon- as it is in English), with German Z being pronounced as 'ts'. Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Leader Karl Harrer Contact page 1919–1920 Anton Drexler 1920–1921 Toolbox Adolf Hitler What links here 1921–1945 Related changes Martin Bormann 1945 Upload file Special pages Founded 1920 Permanent link Dissolved 1945 Page information Preceded by German Workers' Party (DAP) Data item Succeeded by None (banned) Cite this page Ideologies continued with neo-Nazism Print/export Headquarters Munich, Germany[1] Newspaper Völkischer Beobachter Create a book Youth wing Hitler Youth Download as PDF Paramilitary Sturmabteilung
    [Show full text]
  • D&J (Steels) Limited (In Administration)
    www.pwc.co.uk In accordance with Paragraph 49 of Schedule B1 of the Insolvency Act 1986 D&J (Steels) Limited and Rule 3.35 of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 (in administration) Date High Court of Justice 17 September 2019 Business and Property Courts in Birmingham Anticipated to be Insolvency & Companies List (ChD) delivered on 20 September 2019 Case No. CR-2019-BHM-000713 Joint administrators’ proposals for achieving the purpose of administration Contents Abbreviations and definitions 1 Why we’ve prepared this document 3 A summary of what you could recover 4 Brief history of the Company and why it’s in administration 5 What we’ve done so far and what’s next if our proposals are approved 8 Estimated financial position 12 Statutory and other information 13 Appendix A: Pre-administration costs 14 Appendix B: Copy of our report to creditors on the sale of the business and assets 15 Appendix C: Summary estimated financial position including creditors’ details 16 Notice to creditors seeking decisions by correspondence 18 Common questions and answers about the decisions we are seeking, including the approval of the Administrators’ proposals 21 Proof of debt 24 D&J (Steels) Limited (in administration) Joint Administrators’ proposals for achieving the purpose of administration D&J (Steels) Limited (in administration) – Joint Administrators’ proposals for achieving the purpose of administration Abbreviations and definitions The following table shows the abbreviations and insolvency terms that may be used in this document: Abbreviation
    [Show full text]