Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics The Student Journal of The University of Manchester, School of Law VOLUME VI OCTOBER 2017 The Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics is an annual, student-led, peer-reviewed journal founded at The University of Manchester, School of Law. The journal exhibits the best academic work in law, criminology and ethics, at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. MANCHESTER REVIEW OF LAW, CRIME AND ETHICS VOLUME VI OCTOBER 2017 Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics © Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics, 2017 All rights reserved. The Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics, its editors, and The University of Manchester, School of Law are not responsible for the opinions expressed in this journal. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior express written consent of the Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics, The University of Manchester, School of Law or as expressly permitted by law. All enquiries should be addressed to: Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics The University of Manchester Williamson Building, School of Law Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom
[email protected] Typeset in Times New Roman Printed in the United Kingdom ISSN 2399-4630 (Print) ISSN 2399-4649 (Online) 1 MANCHESTER REVIEW OF LAW, CRIME AND ETHICS This year’s volume was generously funded by The University of Manchester, School of Law. The Editorial Board is grateful for the School of Law’s continued support. 2 MANCHESTER REVIEW OF LAW, CRIME AND ETHICS Manchester Review of Law, Crime and Ethics Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Rohan Shah Deputy Editor-in-Chief Dhruv Bhatia Editors Işil Aral Tanjia Bashor Claire Ceney Gan Ming Hui Marina Iskander Isabella Kirwan Fiona Long Abisola Odusanya Kevin Patel Honorary Advisory Board Lesley Anderson QC HH Judge Nigel Bird Dr.