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The Legend of Bogota S N O M M O C
The Legend of Bogota s n o m m o C a i d e m i k i W a i v ) k r o w n w O ( ) z i t r O n á r u D o t r e b o R o i r a M ( o d r o i r a M y B A golden Muisca raft The Muisca people of Colombia had an unusual line of succession for its zipas, or rulers. The zipa’s oldest sister’s oldest son always became the next zipa. Tisquesusa became zipa of the southern Muisca Confederation in 1514 after his uncle died. The Muisca Confederation was one nation of people that was ruled by different people in the north and south. Tisquesusa was as ready as he’d ever be. His family had just come out of mourning for his uncle. They had mummified him and buried him only a few short days before. Beside him in his royal tomb, they placed pottery, food, golden ornaments, and other necessities for the afterlife. Tisquesusa had spent the last days fasting and felt weak but purified. The ceremony was about to start. Tisquesusa solemnly boarded the raft with his attendants and the village holy men by the shores of Lake Guatavita. 1 © 2018 Reading Is Fundamental • Content created by Simone Ribke The Legend of Bogota When the water was about chest-deep, Tisquesusa dropped his ceremonial robe. He let the priests cover his body in a sticky sap. Then they covered him from head to toe in gold dust until he shone and sparkled like the Sun god himself. -
List of NDT Personnel Currently Certified by Nrcan
List of NDT personnel currently certified by NRCan Last update = August 4, 2015 Welcome to the NRCan National Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Certification Body’s Directory of NDT Personnel. Please Note - NRCan NDT CB makes all reasonable efforts to ensure candidate applications, examination requests and certification submissions are completed as per service standard targets. Despite these efforts, the occurrence of errors, omissions and delays cannot be completely ruled out and NRCan is not responsible for any direct and indirect costs, expenses or delays which may arise. Please note: All personnel appearing on the Certified Personnel list are currently certified even though they may not have received their updated certification card from NRCan. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT EMPLOYERS AND CUSTOMERS VERIFY THE CLAIMED CERTIFICATIONS OF THEIR NDT PERSONNEL. Individuals and companies are encouraged to protect themselves from fraud and possible financial and legal entanglements by routinely checking the claimed certification status of individuals against this Internet list of NDT personnel currently certified by NRCan. • Do not accept a facsimile image of a wallet card as proof of certification; directly verify the faxed information against this web site listing. • In order to protect the reputation of CGSB/NRCan certification and to avoid potential legal or financial ramifications, you are requested to alert NRCan to any irregularities that you may perceive in the certification of individuals. This list of NDT personnel, currently certified by NRCan, was produced at NRCan and was accurate on the date shown. Any alteration of this information is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. Any use of this information for purposes other than intended by NRCan may be unlawful and/or in violation of the Code of Conduct for NDT Personnel. -
2017-10 PGPI Newsletter
Portland Gold Prospectors, Inc. GPAA Portland, Oregon Chapter The Legend of El Dorado October, 2017 The Muisca raft (Balsa Muisca in dimensions of 19.5 cm x 10.1 cm Come join us at our Spanish), sometimes referred to and various figures on the raft, next meeting. as the El Dorado Raft, is an artistic the largest figure that stands in October 15th at 1:30pm. figure of pre-Columbian gold the middle apparently represents Milwaukie Grange hall votive, drafted by the Muisca who the chief, which is adorned with 12015 SE 22nd, Milwaukie, OR established one of the four grand headdresses, nose rings and The Portland Gold Prospectors civilisations in the Americas on the earrings, measuring 10.2 cm and meetings are the third Sunday of Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the is surrounded by his soldiers who every month beginning at 1:30pm. Eastern Ranges of the Colombian carry banners. All interested parties are invited Andes. to attend the monthly meetings. The raft was found by three Become a member of the Portland farmers in early 1969 in a cave Gold prospectors, Inc a chapter of in the village of the Gold Prospectors Association of Lázaro Fonte in the America. municipality of Pasca For info contact Jerry Johns, (Cundinamarca), [email protected] or visit www. Colombia in a ceramic portlandgoldprospectors.org. pot, adorned with a human figure whose Presidents Blog face has sharp teeth. The October 2017 priest of the municipality Fall is upon us and the chapter protected the piece until it is getting ready to have its last was acquired by Bogota’s outing of the year on Oct 8th. -
The Licit and the Illicit in Archaeological and Heritage Discourses
CHALLENGING THE DICHOTOMY EDIT ED BY LES FIELD CRISTÓBAL GNeccO JOE WATKINS CHALLENGING THE DICHOTOMY • The Licit and the Illicit in Archaeological and Heritage Discourses TUCSON The University of Arizona Press www.uapress.arizona.edu © 2016 by The Arizona Board of Regents Open-access edition published 2020 ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-3130-1 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-4169-0 (open-access e-book) The text of this book is licensed under the Creative Commons Atrribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivsatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which means that the text may be used for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Cover designed by Leigh McDonald Publication of this book is made possible in part by the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Field, Les W., editor. | Gnecco, Cristóbal, editor. | Watkins, Joe, 1951– editor. Title: Challenging the dichotomy : the licit and the illicit in archaeological and heritage discourses / edited by Les Field, Cristóbal Gnecco, and Joe Watkins. Description: Tucson : The University of Arizona Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016007488 | ISBN 9780816531301 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Archaeology. | Archaeology and state. | Cultural property—Protection. Classification: LCC CC65 .C47 2016 | DDC 930.1—dc23 LC record available at https:// lccn.loc.gov/2016007488 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. -
The Legend of Bogota by Mariordo (Mario Robertoby Mariordo Durán Ortiz)Via Wikimedia (Own Work) Commons
The Legend of Bogota By Mariordo (Mario RobertoBy Mariordo Durán Ortiz)via Wikimedia (Own work) Commons A golden Muisca raft The Muisca people of Colombia had an unusual line of succession for its zipas, or rulers. The zipa’s oldest sister’s oldest son always became the next zipa. Tisquesusa became zipa of the southern Muisca Confederation in 1514 after his uncle died. The Muisca Confederation was one nation of people that was ruled by different people in the north and south. Tisquesusa was as ready as he’d ever be. His family had just come out of mourning for his uncle. They had mummified him and buried him only a few short days before. Beside him in his royal tomb, they placed pottery, food, golden ornaments, and other necessities for the afterlife. Tisquesusa had spent the last days fasting and felt weak but purified. The ceremony was about to start. Tisquesusa solemnly boarded the raft with his attendants and the village holy men by the shores of Lake Guatavita. 1 © 2018 Reading Is Fundamental • Content created by Simone Ribke The Legend of Bogota When the water was about chest-deep, Tisquesusa dropped his ceremonial robe. He let the priests cover his body in a sticky sap. Then they covered him from head to toe in gold dust until he shone and sparkled like the Sun god himself. Tisquesusa submerged himself in the water, purifying himself for his people, for the quality of his reign, and for the goddess of the lake. The people on the shore and those on the raft began to throw gifts of gold and of emeralds into the lake. -
Contemporary Muisca Indigenous Sounds in the Colombian Andes
Nymsuque: Contemporary Muisca Indigenous Sounds in the Colombian Andes Beatriz Goubert Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 © 2019 Beatriz Goubert All rights reserved ABSTRACT Nymsuque: Contemporary Muisca Indigenous Sounds in the Colombian Andes Beatriz Goubert Muiscas figure prominently in Colombian national historical accounts as a worthy and valuable indigenous culture, comparable to the Incas and Aztecs, but without their architectural grandeur. The magnificent goldsmith’s art locates them on a transnational level as part of the legend of El Dorado. Today, though the population is small, Muiscas are committed to cultural revitalization. The 19th century project of constructing the Colombian nation split the official Muisca history in two. A radical division was established between the illustrious indigenous past exemplified through Muisca culture as an advanced, but extinct civilization, and the assimilation politics established for the indigenous survivors, who were considered degraded subjects to be incorporated into the national project as regular citizens (mestizos). More than a century later, and supported in the 1991’s multicultural Colombian Constitution, the nation-state recognized the existence of five Muisca cabildos (indigenous governments) in the Bogotá Plateau, two in the capital city and three in nearby towns. As part of their legal battle for achieving recognition and maintaining it, these Muisca communities started a process of cultural revitalization focused on language, musical traditions, and healing practices. Today’s Muiscas incorporate references from the colonial archive, archeological collections, and scholars’ interpretations of these sources into their contemporary cultural practices. -
South American Archæology; an Introduction to the Archæology Of
••••1 '( !f;i '". ")..<•/«'*'-< »/. ' " l|il'i " l iPi i>i UnwHHft lm 1 "l l W ll(8 . a» m CORNELL , UNIVElt'^'rY^ LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 ' BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Date Due w 'm:T^^m^ nBssrrrmii ^m' Cornell University Library F 2229.J89 South American archaeology; »" i"'™,"!'"?''" 3 1924 020 446 989 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924020446989 SOUTH AMERICAN ARCHiE O LOGY TLATE I SOUTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ARCHE- OLOGY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EA^LY HISTORY OF PERU. BY THOMAS A^|OYCE, MA. WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND A MAP NEW YORK: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MDCCCCXII F A^>in.r4> PREFACE IT is not without great diffidence that I have ven- tured to compile the following chapters on the archaeology of South America. The subject is one of great magnitude, and the literature dealing with it is vast. Besides this, there exist so many gaps in our knowledge, gaps which can only be filled by years of patient excavation, that the formation of theories is still a precarious task. At the same time it is useful to pass in review the work which has already been completed, with the object both of pointing out the missing links in the chain of evidence, and of stimulat- ing further research by calling attention to the results already achieved. -
Scanned by Scan2net
CHIBCHA LEGENDS IN COLOMBIAN LITERATURE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SPANISH IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE TEXAS WOMAN'S UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AR TS AND SCIENCES BY EDWINA TOOLEY MARTIN, B.A . DENTON, TEXAS MAY, 1962 Texas Woman's University University Hill Denton, Texas _________________________ May • _________________ 19 q_g__ __ W e hereby recommend that the thesis prepared under om supervision by -----'E'---'d"-'w"-'1=-· n=-=a ----"'T'--"o'--'o'-'l=-e=-y.,__c...cM-=a-=r-=t-=i'-'-n'-------- entitled Chibcha Legends in Colombian Literature be accepted as fulfilling this part of the requirements for the D egree of Master of Arts. Committee Chairman Accepted: ~f~ ... 1-80411 PREFACE La legende traduit les sentiments reels des peuples. Gustav Le Bon For centuries the golden treasure of the pre-conquest inhabitants of Colombia, South America, has captured man's imagination. The various legends of El DQrado led to the exploration of half of the South Am erican continent and the discovery of the Amazon River. It also lured Sir Walter Raleigh on the ill-fated expedition that finally cost him his head in the tower of London. These legends have inspired Colombia's men of letters and interested such foreign writers as Milton, Voltaire, and Andres/ Bello. Although it is true that the imaginative and psychological aspects of the legends are of particular interest to the student of a foreign culture, a legend may contain elements of historical truth also. Since these legends pro- vide insight into the early history of Colombia, an effort to find and preserve them has been made. -
PLAYOFF HISTORY and RECORDS RANGERS PLAYOFF Results YEAR-BY-YEAR RANGERS PLAYOFF Results YEAR-BY-YEAR
PLAYOFF HISTORY AnD RECORDS RANGERS PLAYOFF RESuLTS YEAR-BY-YEAR RANGERS PLAYOFF RESuLTS YEAR-BY-YEAR SERIES RECORDS VERSUS OTHER CLUBS Year Series Opponent W-L-T GF/GA Year Series Opponent W-L-T GF/GA YEAR SERIES WINNER W L T GF GA YEAR SERIES WINNER W L T GF GA 1926-27 SF Boston 0-1-1 1/3 1974-75 PRE Islanders 1-2 13/10 1927-28 QF Pittsburgh 1-1-0 6/4 1977-78 PRE Buffalo 1-2 6/11 VS. ATLANTA THRASHERS VS. NEW YORK ISLANDERS 2007 Conf. Qtrfinals RANGERS 4 0 0 17 6 1975 Preliminaries Islanders 1 2 0 13 10 SF Boston 1-0-1 5/2 1978-79 PRE Los Angeles 2-0 9/2 Series Record: 1-0 Total 4 0 0 17 6 1979 Semifinals RANGERS 4 2 0 18 13 1981 Semifinals Islanders 0 4 0 8 22 F Maroons 3-2-0 5/6 QF Philadelphia 4-1 28/8 VS. Boston BRUINS 1982 Division Finals Islanders 2 4 0 20 27 1928-29 QF Americans 1-0-1 1/0 SF Islanders 4-2 18/13 1927 Semifinals Bruins 0 1 1 1 3 1983 Division Finals Islanders 2 4 0 15 28 SF Toronto 2-0-0 3/1 F Montreal 1-4 11/19 1928 Semifinals RANGERS 1 0 1 5 2 1984 Div. Semifinals Islanders 2 3 0 14 13 1929 Finals Bruins 0 2 0 1 4 1990 Div. Semifinals RANGERS 4 1 0 22 13 F Boston 0-2-0 1/4 1979-80 PRE Atlanta 3-1 14/8 1939 Semifinals Bruins 3 4 0 12 14 1994 Conf. -
Biocultural Diversity, Pollinators and Their Socio-Cultural Values
THE ASSESSMENT REPORT ON POLLINATORS, POLLINATION AND FOOD PRODUCTION CHAPTER 5 BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY, POLLINATORS AND THEIR SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES 275 Coordinating Lead Authors: Contributing Authors: Rosemary Hill (Australia), Peter Kwapong Manuela Carneiro da Cunha (Brazil), Megan (Ghana), Guiomar Nates-Parra (Colombia) Gee (New Zealand), Mary Gikungu (Kenya), Anik Larasati (Indonesia), Philip Lyver (New Zealand), Elisa Oteros-Rozas (Spain), David Lead Authors: Roubik (Panama), Marie Roué (France), Edgar Selvin Pérez (Guatemala), Brenda Tahi (New Sara Jo Breslow (USA), Damayanti Buchori Zealand) 5(Indonesia), Brad Howlett (New Zealand), Gretchen Le Buhn (USA), Márcia Motta Maués (Brazil), José Javier Quezada-Euán (Mexico), Review Editors: Shafqat Saeed (Pakistan) Robert Kajobe (Uganda), Berta Martín-López (Spain) THE ASSESSMENT REPORT ON POLLINATORS, POLLINATION AND FOOD PRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................... 278 5.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 280 5.1.1 Diversity of knowledge systems and the IPBES Conceptual Framework . 280 5.1.2 Focus on scientific and indigenous and local knowledge systems . 282 5.1.3 Indigenous and local knowledge systems and biocultural diversity . 284 5.1.4 Diversity of methods for eliciting values ................................ 286 5.1.5 Sociocultural and holistic valuation ................................... 286 5.2 POLLINATORS, POLLINATION AND NATURE’S BENEFITS TO PEOPLE . 288 5.2.1 Natures’s benefits to people, good quality of life and categories of values . 288 5.2.2 Provisioning ecosystem services (socio-cultural valuation) . 289 5.2.3 Cultural ecosystem services: sources of inspiration (socio-cultural valuation) . 291 5.2.4 Cultural ecosystem services: recreational and educational values of beekeeping (socio-cultural valuation) .................................. 293 276 5.2.5 Nature’s gift: practices of ILK-holders and their extent of influence (holistic valuation). -
The Prehistoric Individual, Connoisseurship and Archaeological Science: the Muisca Goldwork of Colombia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery The prehistoric individual, connoisseurship and archaeological science: the Muisca goldwork of Colombia Marcos Martinón-Torres1 and María Alicia Uribe-Villegas2 1UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK 2Museo del Oro, Banco de la República, Calle 16 # 5–41, Bogotá DC, Colombia [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Unlike art historians, archaeologists rarely make systematic attempts at attributing artefacts to individual artisans – they stop at the broader category of ‘provenance regions’ or ‘technical styles’. The identification of archaeological individuals, however, allows detailed insight into the organisation of workshops, knowledge transmission, skill, and the tension between individual and social agency. This paper reviews the potential of archaeological science methods to identify individual artisans through the study of material culture. Focusing on the Muisca votive goldwork of Colombia, it combines stylistic, chemical and microscopic analyses to identify idiosyncratic motor habits, material selections and artistic preferences that allow the identification of individual makers and manufacturing events. The results are informative of the internal dynamics between the Muisca technological tradition, religious behaviour and craft specialists. We conclude by outlining the potentials and challenges of science-based archaeological connoisseurship in other contexts. Keywords: Technical style, cultural transmission, craft organisation, archaeological individual, gold, lost-wax, Colombia, South America, connoisseurship, LA-ICP-MS, pXRF, HLLA glass 1. Introduction: identifying individual artisans in prehistoric arts and crafts Studies of archaeological material culture often search for patterns in the shape, style or decoration of artefacts, or in other traits that require instrumental characterisation such as their microstructure or their chemical or isotopic composition. -
Colombia Curriculum Guide 090916.Pmd
National Geographic describes Colombia as South America’s sleeping giant, awakening to its vast potential. “The Door of the Americas” offers guests a cornucopia of natural wonders alongside sleepy, authentic villages and vibrant, progressive cities. The diverse, tropical country of Colombia is a place where tourism is now booming, and the turmoil and unrest of guerrilla conflict are yesterday’s news. Today tourists find themselves in what seems to be the best of all destinations... panoramic beaches, jungle hiking trails, breathtaking volcanoes and waterfalls, deserts, adventure sports, unmatched flora and fauna, centuries old indigenous cultures, and an almost daily celebration of food, fashion and festivals. The warm temperatures of the lowlands contrast with the cool of the highlands and the freezing nights of the upper Andes. Colombia is as rich in both nature and natural resources as any place in the world. It passionately protects its unmatched wildlife, while warmly sharing its coffee, its emeralds, and its happiness with the world. It boasts as many animal species as any country on Earth, hosting more than 1,889 species of birds, 763 species of amphibians, 479 species of mammals, 571 species of reptiles, 3,533 species of fish, and a mind-blowing 30,436 species of plants. Yet Colombia is so much more than jaguars, sombreros and the legend of El Dorado. A TIME magazine cover story properly noted “The Colombian Comeback” by explaining its rise “from nearly failed state to emerging global player in less than a decade.” It is respected as “The Fashion Capital of Latin America,” “The Salsa Capital of the World,” the host of the world’s largest theater festival and the home of the world’s second largest carnival.