DOCSLIB.ORG

CTC-SENTINEL-112020.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CTC-SENTINEL-112020.Pdf OBJECTIVE ·· RELEVANT ·· RIGOROUS || JUNE/JULYNOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2018 · VOLUME 2020 11, · ISSUEVOLUME 6 13, ISSUE 11 FEATURE ARTICLE A VIEWFEATURE FROM COMMENTARYTHE CT FOXHOLE TheThe Jihadi Taliban Threat and Biosecurity in the the Struggle for LTC(R)Wake of Bryan COVID-19: Price to Indonesia The Urgent Action Afghanistan FormerNeeded Director, KirstenSeth G.E. JonesSchulze HamishCombating de TerrorismBretton-Gordon Center FEATURE ARTICLE Editor in Chief 1 Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan Seth G. Jones Paul Cruickshank Managing Editor FEATURE COMMENTARY Kristina Hummel 11 Biosecurity in the Wake of COVID-19: The Urgent Action Needed Hamish de Bretton-Gordon EDITORIAL BOARD Colonel Suzanne Nielsen, Ph.D. ANALYSIS Department Head Dept. of Social Sciences (West Point) 18 Outlasting the Caliphate: The Evolution of the Islamic State Threat in Africa Jason Warner, Ryan O'Farrell, Héni Nsaibia, and Ryan Cummings Brian Dodwell Director, CTC Don Rassler In this month’s feature article, Seth Jones examines the evolving threat Director of Strategic Initiatives, CTC posed by the Taliban in Afghanistan. “The Taliban is in many ways a differ- ent organization from the one that governed Afghanistan in the 1990s. Yet CONTACT most of their leaders are nevertheless committed to an extreme interpretation of Islam that is not shared by many Afghans, an autocratic political system that eschews democracy, and the persistence Combating Terrorism Center of relations with terrorist groups like al-Qa`ida. These realities cast serious doubt about the possibil- U.S. Military Academy ity of a lasting peace agreement with the Afghan government in the near future,” he writes, adding 607 Cullum Road, Lincoln Hall that “without a peace deal, the further withdrawal of U.S. forces—as highlighted in the November 17, 2020, announcement to cut U.S. forces from 4,500 to 2,500 troops—will likely shift the balance of West Point, NY 10996 power in favor of the Taliban. With continuing support from Pakistan, Russia, Iran, and terrorist Phone: (845) 938-8495 groups like al-Qa`ida, it is the view of the author that the Taliban would eventually overthrow the Email: [email protected] Afghan government in Kabul.” Web: www.ctc.usma.edu/sentinel/ In a feature commentary, Hamish de Bretton-Gordon outlines the urgent action needed on biose- curity in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. He writes: “For years, the United States and many oth- er countries have neglected biosecurity because policymakers have underestimated both the potential SUBMISSIONS impact and likelihood of biological threats. COVID-19 has had a devastating effect on the planet and The CTC Sentinel welcomes submissions. could be followed by outbreaks of even more dangerous viral diseases. Meanwhile, advances in syn- thetic biology are transforming the potential threat posed by engineered pathogens, creating growing Contact us at [email protected]. concern over biological attacks and bioterror. Given the scale of the threat, biosecurity needs to be a top priority moving forward. Not only do efforts need to be stepped up to try to prevent the next pan- The views expressed in this report are demic (natural or engineered), but resilience needs to be built by developing early warning systems, the capacity to track outbreaks, and medical countermeasures, including ‘next generation’ vaccines.” those of the authors and not of the U.S. He stresses that “winning public acceptance for public health measures will be imperative to tackling Military Academy, the Department of the biological emergencies in the future.” Army, or any other agency of the U.S. Jason Warner, Ryan O’Farrell, Héni Nsaibia, and Ryan Cummings assess the evolution of the Is- Government. lamic State threat across Africa. They write that “the annus horribilis Islamic State Central suffered in 2019, during which the group lost the last stretch of its ‘territorial caliphate’ in Iraq and Syria and its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was killed, does not appear to have had a discernible impact on the Cover: Afghan Taliban fighters and villagers overall operational trajectory of the Islamic State threat in Africa” underscoring “that while connec- attend a gathering in Laghman Province, tions were built up between Islamic State Central and its African affiliates—with the former provid- Alingar district, Afghanistan, on March 2, ing, at times, some degree of strategic direction, coordination, and material assistance—the latter have historically evolved under their own steam and acted with a significant degree of autonomy.” 2020, as they celebrate the peace deal signed between the United States and Paul Cruickshank, Editor in Chief Taliban. (Wali Sabawoon/NurPhoto via Getty Images) NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2020 CTC SENTINEL 1 Afghanistan’s Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan By Seth G. Jones the possibility that Afghanistan will once again become a sanctu- With the onset of inter-Afghan peace talks, it is important ary for international terrorism would be a welcome development. to take a close look at the Taliban—including their main It would end several decades of war that has killed over 157,000 objectives, ideological underpinnings, organizational people (including 43,000 civilians) in Afghanistan, created mas- 6 structure, military strategies and tactics, and relationship sive suffering among its population, and decimated its economy. It with state and non-state actors. The Taliban is in many would also allow the United States and other countries to withdraw ways a different organization from the one that governed their military forces and reduce their military and other foreign assistance. After all, the United States has deployed combat forces Afghanistan in the 1990s. Yet most of their leaders are to Afghanistan for nearly two decades (including a peak of over nevertheless committed to an extreme interpretation of 100,000 U.S. troops), spent over $800 billion in military expen- Islam that is not shared by many Afghans, an autocratic ditures and development assistance between 2001 and 2019, and political system that eschews democracy, and the suffered over 2,300 soldiers killed.7 Around the globe and at home, persistence of relations with terrorist groups like al- there are more pressing problems, from countering and recovering Qa`ida. These realities cast serious doubt about the from COVID-19 to competing with major powers like China and possibility of a lasting peace agreement with the Afghan Russia. government in the near future. As this article argues, however, a close look at the Taliban to- day suggests that their leaders remain committed to an extreme religious ideology, an authoritarian political system, and the con- n September 15, 2020, representatives from the Tal- tinuation of relations with militant groups that will not likely be iban and Afghan government gathered in Doha, Qa- acceptable to the current Afghan government, many Afghans, tar, to begin face-to-face peace negotiations. Foreign and many foreign governments. In addition, the United States leaders attending in person and by video conference announced on November 17, 2020, that it would reduce its force lauded the start of peace talks as a historic moment.1 posture in Afghanistan from 4,500 to 2,500 troops.8 These reali- But the Taliban’s reaction was more subdued. The Taliban’s senior ties make a lasting peace agreement with the Afghan government O negotiator, Mawlawi Abdul Hakim Haqqani, sat hunched in his unlikely in the near future. In this author’s view, a precipitous U.S. chair in the grand ballroom, hardly looking at the video screen and withdrawal without a peace agreement between the Taliban and refusing to put on a translation headset even though the speeches Afghan government would be highly destabilizing and would ulti- were in English (a language he does not speak).2 Perhaps the Tali- mately undermine U.S. national security interests. ban had a point. The history of intrastate wars is littered with failed To examine the Taliban today, the rest of this article is divided peace attempts.3 Since World War II, nearly three-quarters of insur- into several sections. The first outlines the Taliban’s ideology and gencies have ended because of a military victory by the government objectives, including in historical context. The second section exam- or insurgent side on the battlefield, and only a quarter have ended ines the Taliban’s organizational structure. The third analyzes the because of political negotiations or other factors.4 Afghanistan itself Taliban’s military strategy and tactics. The fourth section explores is a graveyard of failed peace talks.5 the Taliban’s relationship with other militant groups, including These challenges raise important questions. Among the most al-Qa`ida. The fifth assesses the Taliban’s links with the govern- important—and the focus of this article—are the following: Who ments of other countries, such as Pakistan, Iran, and Russia. Finally, are the Taliban today? What are their main objectives, ideological the sixth section outlines implications of this analysis for peace talks underpinnings, organizational structure, military strategies and and the future of Afghanistan. tactics, and relationships with state and non-state actors? Based on answers to these questions, what are the implications for peace Ideology and Objectives negotiations? The Taliban’s ideology is deeply rooted in Hanafi school of Islamic An agreement with the Taliban that ends the war and decreases jurisprudence.9 While the ideology of the Taliban has been evolv- ing since the movement’s establishment in the 1990s, Taliban lead- ers today generally support the establishment of a government Seth G. Jones is the Harold Brown Chair and Director of Transna- by sharia (‘Islamic’ law) and the creation of an “Islamic Emirate” tional Threats at the Center for Strategic and International Stud- in Afghanistan.10 The Taliban elevate the role of Islamic scholars ies (CSIS), as well as the author of In the Graveyard of Empires: (ulema) that issue legal rulings (fatwas) on all aspects of daily life.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nature.2021.06.12 [Sat, 12 Jun 2021]
    [Sat, 12 Jun 2021] This Week News in Focus Books & Arts Opinion Work Research | Next section | Main menu | Donation | Next section | Main menu | | Next section | Main menu | Previous section | This Week Embrace the WHO’s new naming system for coronavirus variants [09 June 2021] Editorial • The World Health Organization’s system should have come earlier. Now, media and policymakers need to get behind it. Google’s AI approach to microchips is welcome — but needs care [09 June 2021] Editorial • Artificial intelligence can help the electronics industry to speed up chip design. But the gains must be shared equitably. The replication crisis won’t be solved with broad brushstrokes [08 June 2021] World View • A cookie-cutter strategy to reform science will cause resentment, not improvement. A light touch changes the strength of a single atomic bond [07 June 2021] Research Highlight • A technique that uses an electric field to tighten the bond between two atoms can allow a game of atomic pick-up-sticks. How fit can you get? These blood proteins hold a clue [04 June 2021] Research Highlight • Scientists pinpoint almost 150 biomarkers linked to intrinsic cardiovascular fitness, and 100 linked to fitness gained from training. Complex, lab-made ‘cells’ react to change like the real thing [02 June 2021] Research Highlight • Synthetic structures that grow artificial ‘organelles’ could provide insights into the operation of living cells. Elephants’ trunks are mighty suction machines [01 June 2021] Research Highlight • The pachyderms can nab a treat lying nearly 5 centimetres away through sheer sucking power. More than one-third of heat deaths blamed on climate change [04 June 2021] Research Highlight • Warming resulting from human activities accounts for a high percentage of heat-related deaths, especially in southern Asia and South America.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Rights Unveiled: Taliban's Treatment of Women in Afghanistan
    WOMEN'S RIGHTS UNVEILED: TALIBAN'S TREATMENT OF WOMEN IN AFGHANISTAN I. INTRODUCTION I have four children. Life is very difficult under the Taliban, especially because of what they have done to women. During the past year, I have been out of my house only three times, always accompanied by a male family member, or my husband. Once, I went to the baker's [sic]. There I saw another woman. She was picking up some bread, and her sleeves moved up her arms a bit, and a Talib came and beat her. I became very afraid, and I ran away. My house in Afghanistan is not very big. It has two rooms, one bathroom, and a kitchen. All the day, I am inside the house, doing housework-cooking, washing, cleaning, things like this. My husband is a shopkeeper. We have a courtyard, so sometimes I can go outside and feel the sun on my face. It is surrounded by a high wall, so no one can see in. I do not see my women friends. If the women have the time to go outside, the male members of the family don't have time to escort them, or don't want to. So we all stay in our houses.' It is hard for people in other countries to believe that we women in Afghanistan are beaten everyday by the Taliban. The sadness in our story is endless. I know that they [the Taliban] beat us, lash us, and lock us in our homes all because they want to destroy the dignity of women.
    [Show full text]
  • As Many of You Probably Heard, in April Of
    Sesquicentennial Lecture, University of Memphis, November 9th, 2009 “The Global War on What Exactly? Making Sense of Political Islam” Dr. James L. Gelvin, Professor of Modern Middle East History, UCLA In July of 2008, the New York Times ran an article about the evolution of the Algerian militant group, the Armed Islamic Group (GIA), into a branch of al-Qaeda called “al-Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb.” The Armed Islamic Group emerged after the Algerian government cancelled the second round of parliamentary elections in 1992. The government did this to prevent a victory by the Islamic Salvation Front, a party led by a broad coalition of Islamic activists. The GIA was not interested in parliamentary politics: its goal was to overthrow the Algerian government by violence and establish an Islamic government in its place. According to the article, in 1994 the group was approached by Osama bin Laden who sought to establish a base in Algeria. The group refused bin Laden‟s request. In an interview obtained by the New York Times, one of the group‟s leaders stated that he told bin Laden, “We don‟t have anything to do with anything outside….We are interested in just Algeria.” Ten years later, in the fall of 2004, a spin-off and successor to the GIA, called the “Salafist Group for Preaching and Struggle” (GSPC) reversed the GIA‟s decision and contacted Abu Muscab al-Zarqawi, the (now deceased) leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. What caused the group to reverse its predecessor‟s decision? According to one account, immediately following 9/11 the Bush administration changed its designation of the GSPC from a “regional insurgency” to a terrorist group.
    [Show full text]
  • In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. in their own words Voices of Jihad compilation and commentary David Aaron Approved for public release; distribution unlimited C O R P O R A T I O N This book results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy
    Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy July 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45818 SUMMARY R45818 Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy July 18, 2019 Afghanistan has been a significant U.S. foreign policy concern since 2001, when the United States, in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led a military Clayton Thomas campaign against Al Qaeda and the Taliban government that harbored and supported it. Analyst in Middle Eastern In the intervening 18 years, the United States has suffered approximately 2,400 military Affairs fatalities in Afghanistan, with the cost of military operations reaching nearly $750 billion. Congress has appropriated approximately $133 billion for reconstruction. In that time, an elected Afghan government has replaced the Taliban, and most measures of human development have improved, although Afghanistan’s future prospects remain mixed in light of the country’s ongoing violent conflict and political contention. Topics covered in this report include: Security dynamics. U.S. and Afghan forces, along with international partners, combat a Taliban insurgency that is, by many measures, in a stronger military position now than at any point since 2001. Many observers assess that a full-scale U.S. withdrawal would lead to the collapse of the Afghan government and perhaps even the reestablishment of Taliban control over most of the country. Taliban insurgents operate alongside, and in periodic competition with, an array of other armed groups, including regional affiliates of Al Qaeda (a longtime Taliban ally) and the Islamic State (a Taliban foe and increasing focus of U.S. policy). U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Taliban Fragmentation FACT, FICTION, and FUTURE by Andrew Watkins
    PEACEWORKS Taliban Fragmentation FACT, FICTION, AND FUTURE By Andrew Watkins NO. 160 | MARCH 2020 Making Peace Possible NO. 160 | MARCH 2020 ABOUT THE REPORT This report examines the phenomenon of insurgent fragmentation within Afghanistan’s Tali- ban and implications for the Afghan peace process. This study, which the author undertook PEACE PROCESSES as an independent researcher supported by the Asia Center at the US Institute of Peace, is based on a survey of the academic literature on insurgency, civil war, and negotiated peace, as well as on interviews the author conducted in Afghanistan in 2019 and 2020. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Andrew Watkins has worked in more than ten provinces of Afghanistan, most recently as a political affairs officer with the United Nations. He has also worked as an indepen- dent researcher, a conflict analyst and adviser to the humanitarian community, and a liaison based with Afghan security forces. Cover photo: A soldier walks among a group of alleged Taliban fighters at a National Directorate of Security facility in Faizabad in September 2019. The status of prisoners will be a critical issue in future negotiations with the Taliban. (Photo by Jim Huylebroek/New York Times) The views expressed in this report are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. An online edition of this and related reports can be found on our website (www.usip.org), together with additional information on the subject. © 2020 by the United States Institute of Peace United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20037 Phone: 202.457.1700 Fax: 202.429.6063 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.usip.org Peaceworks No.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorist Organizations Leadership Takeover Mechanisms Within : Ωϭοϭϣϟ΍Ϥ΍ϭϧϋ Terrorist Organizations 02/11/2016 : Έηϧϟ΍Φϳέύη
    Leadership Takeover Mechanisms within : ωϭοϭϣϟ΍ϡγ΍ Terrorist Organizations Leadership Takeover Mechanisms within : ωϭοϭϣϟ΍ϥ΍ϭϧϋ Terrorist Organizations 02/11/2016 : έηϧϟ΍ΦϳέΎΗ ΔϣΩϘΗϣϟ΍ΕΎγ΍έΩϟ΍ϭΙΎΣΑϸϟϝΑϘΗγϣϟ΍ίϛέϣ : ΏΗΎϛϟ΍ϡγ΍ : ωϭοϭϣϟ΍ Recently, many terrorist organizations, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan, the Almoravids in the Western Sahara, and Boko Haram in Nigeria, have witnessed radical changes in leadership, which have had an influence on these organizations as a whole. These changes had an evident impact on the activities of these organizations and how they faced the pressures imposed upon them by the states or other terrorist organizations. These changes are reflected in the various types of relations between these organizations, which vary from alliance to competition, and from conflict to balance. Remarkably, in this context, there is no one mechanism for dealing with the leadership shift inside these organizations. These shifts are attributed to several factors, relations with the other terrorist organizations, the external pressures facing them, and their ability to devote their efforts to internal cohesion and harmony among different wings of operation. Fundamental Characteristics: After the death of Taliban leader Mullah Akhtar Mansour in May 2016 by a U.S. drone which targeted his parade, the movement¶s Shura council issued a decree that Mullah Hibatullah Akhundzada would be the leader of the movement, following his position as vice leader tothe former leader. Sirajuddin Haqqani, leader of the Haqqani network, and Mullah Yaqoub, son of the former leader Mullah Mohammed Omar, were appointed as vice leaders for Akhundzada. Following the death of Zahran Alloush, Commander of Jaysh Al Islam organization in Syria, in December 2015 due to a Russian raidEssam Al Buwaydhani, nicknamed Abo Hammam, was appointed as his successor.
    [Show full text]
  • United States, Taliban and Fundamentalism in Afghanistan
    American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3734, ISSN (Online): 2328-3696, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3688 AIJRHASS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) United States, Taliban and Fundamentalism in Afghanistan: The Growing Instability in Afghanistan Naseer Ahmed Kalis Senior Research Fellow, Department of Strategic and Regional Studies, University of Jammu, J&K, India- 180006 Abstract: This paper aims to elucidate the causes of perpetual instability in Afghanistan since September 11, 2001. It argues that the foreign powers are responsible for “rolling back the stability” and making it a “zone of instability”. United States and Soviet Union, ‘the dancing evils of Cold war’, propel the Afghan descent towards extremism. United States produced so called Mujahedeen and freedom fighter and equipment them with weapons for their strategic interest (to roll back Soviet Union). After winning its Strategic Interest, United States estranged from these Freedom Fighters and remained a silent spectator. When these freedom fighters launched their full-fledged extremism and even not spared United States, United States act as a “wounded bear” and fought the longest war of its history without any conclusion and finally withdraw its NATO forces ‘by force not by choice’. This paper conclude that it is now the responsibility of neighbouring states like Pakistan, Russia, China and India to take comprehensive steps to stabilize Afghanistan and to made security alliances to make Afghanistan a zone of peace.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Freedom's Sentinel, Report to the United States Congress, April
    OPERATION FREEDOM’S SENTINEL LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS APRIL 1, 2019‒JUNE 30, 2019 ABOUT THIS REPORT In January 2013, Congress enacted legislation creating the Lead Inspector General (Lead IG) framework for oversight of overseas contingency operations. This legislation, which amended the Inspector General Act, requires the Inspectors General of the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of State (DoS), and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to, among other things, provide quarterly reports to Congress on the contingency operations. The DoD Inspector General (IG) is designated as the Lead IG for Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (OFS) and the DoS IG is the Associate Inspector General. USAID’s humanitarian assistance and development efforts in Afghanistan fall outside the OFS mission. However, the USAID Office of Inspector General conducts audits and investigations of its programs in Afghanistan and summaries of USAID oversight work are included in this report. The Offices of Inspector General of the DoD, DoS, and USAID are referred to in this report as the Lead IG agencies. Other partner agencies also contribute to oversight of OFS. The Lead IG agencies collectively carry out their statutory missions to: • Develop a joint strategic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight of the contingency operation. • Ensure independent and effective oversight of programs and operations of the Federal Government in support of the contingency operation through either joint or individual audits, inspections, and investigations. • Report quarterly and biannually to Congress and the public on the contingency operation and activities of the Lead IG agencies. METHODOLOGY To produce this quarterly report, the Lead IG agencies submit requests for information to the DoD, DoS, and USAID about OFS and related programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Afganistan'in Yeniden Inşasinda Türkiye'nin Rolü
    T.C SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ AFGANİSTAN’IN YENİDEN İNŞASINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN ROLÜ (2001-2011) DOKTORA TEZİ Mehmet YILDIZ Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Uluslararası İlişkiler Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Uluslararası İlişkiler Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. G. Saynur DERMAN OCAK - 2014 ÖNSÖZ Bu tezin yazılması aşamasında, çalışmamı sahiplenerek titizlikle takip eden danışmanım Doç. Dr. G. Saynur Derman’a değerli katkı ve emekleri için içten teşekkürlerimi ve saygılarımı sunarım. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Alpargu ve Yrd. Doç. Dr. Filiz Cicioğlu bütün süreç boyunca her anlamda yanımda olmuş, desteğini ve katkılarını esirgememiştir. Savunma sınavı sırasında jüri üyeleri Prof. Dr. Esra Hatipoğlu ve Doç. Dr. Zeynel Abidin Kılınç da çalışmamın son haline gelmesine değerli katkılar yapmışlardır. Bu vesileyle tüm hocalarıma ve tezimin son okumasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen arkadaşlarıma teşekkürlerimi borç bilirim. Son olarak bu günlere ulaşmamda emeklerini hiçbir zaman ödeyemeyeceğim eşime, anneme ve aileme şükranlarımı sunarım. Mehmet YILDIZ 15.01.2014 İÇİNDEKİLER KISALTMALAR ............................................................................................................ v TABLO LİSTESİ ......................................................................................................... viii ŞEKİL LİSTESİ ............................................................................................................. ix ÖZET ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a Historical Sketch George Passman Tate
    University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1911 The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch George Passman Tate Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the History Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Tate, George Passman The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch, with an introductory note by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand. Bombay: "Times of India" Offices, 1911. 224 p., maps This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tate, G,P. The kfn&ean sf Af&mistan, DATE DUE I Mil 7 (7'8 DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, HIS EXCELLENCY BARON HARDINGE OF PENSHURST. VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, .a- . (/. BY m HIS OBEDIENT, SERVANT THE AUTHOR. il.IEmtev 01 the Asiniic Society, Be?zg-nl, S?~rueyof I~din. dafhor of 'I Seisinqz : A Menzoir on the FJisio~y,Topo~rcrphj~, A7zliquiiies, (112d Peo$Ie of the Cozi?zt~y''; The F/.o?zlic7,.~ of Baluchisia'nn : Travels on ihe Border.? of Pe~szk n?zd Akhnnistnn " ; " ICalnf : A lMe??zoir on t7ze Cozl7~try and Fnrrzily of the Ahntadsai Khn7zs of Iinlnt" ; 4 ec. \ViTkI AN INrPR<dl>kJCTOl2Y NO'FE PRINTED BY BENNETT COLEMAN & Co., Xc. PUBLISHED AT THE " TIMES OF INDIA" OFFTCES, BOMBAY & C.1LCUTT-4, LONDON AGENCY : gg, SI-IOE LANE, E.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2016 Is Available in the Laboratory of Dr
    RNA Society Newsletter Aug 2016 From the Desk of the President, Sarah Woodson Greetings to all! I always enjoy attending the annual meetings of the RNA Society, but this year’s meeting in Kyoto was a standout in my opinion. This marked the second time that the RNA meeting has been held in Kyoto as a joint meeting with the RNA Society of Japan. (The first time was in 2011). Particular thanks go to the local organizers Mikiko Siomi and Tom Suzuki who took care of many logistical details, and to all of the organizers, Mikiko, Tom, Utz Fischer, Wendy Gilbert, David Lilley and Erik Sontheimer, for putting together a truly exciting and stimulating scientific program. Of course, the real excitement in the annual RNA meetings comes from all of you who give the talks and present the posters. I always enjoy meeting old friends and colleagues, but the many new participants in this year’s meeting particularly encouraged me. (Continued on p2) In this issue : Desk of the President, Sarah Woodson 1 Highlights of RNA 2016 : Kyoto Japan 4 Annual Society Award Winners 4 Jr Scientist activities 9 Mentor Mentee Lunch 10 New initiatives 12 Desk of our CEO, James McSwiggen 15 New Volunteer Opportunities 16 Chair, Meetings Committee, Benoit Chabot 17 Desk of the Membership Chair, Kristian Baker 18 Thank you Volunteers! 20 Meeting Reports: RNA Sponsored Meetings 22 Upcoming Meetings of Interest 27 Employment 31 1 Although the graceful city of Kyoto and its cultural months. First, in May 2016, the RNA journal treasures beckoned from just beyond the convention instituted a uniform price for manuscript publication hall, the meeting itself held more than enough (see p 12) that simplifies the calculation of author excitement to keep ones attention! Both the quality fees and facilitates the use of color figures to and the “polish” of the scientific presentations were convey scientific information.
    [Show full text]